aliquem+ad+saxa+o

impello ( inp-), pŭli, pulsum, 3 (archaic inf. pres. pass. inpellier, Lucr. 6, 1060), v. a. [in-pello], to push, drive, or strike against a thing; to strike, reach.

Lit.

In gen. (mostly poet.):

cavum conversa cuspide montem Impulit in latus,

Verg. A. 1, 82:

vocales impellere pollice chordas,

to strike, Tib. 2, 5, 3; cf. Ov. M. 10, 145:

aequora remis,

id. ib. 3, 657; cf.:

infidum remis marmor,

Verg. G. 1, 254:

impellunt animae lintea Thraciae,

swell, Hor. C. 4, 12, 2:

auras mugitibus,

Ov. M. 3, 21; cf.:

maternas aures Luctus,

Verg. G. 4, 349:

sensus,

Lucr. 1, 303:

colles canoris plausibus, Claud. Cons. Prob. et Olybr. 175: cui patuere Alpes saxa impellentia caelum,

Sil. 11, 217: cum fretum non impulit Ister, does not strike, i. e. does not empty into, Luc. 5, 437:

impulsum ab eo dextri pedis pollice,

Suet. Calig. 57:

subitus antennas impulit ignis,

Juv. 12, 19.—

In partic., with the access. idea of motion, to drive forward, set in motion, urge on, impel (class.):

biremes subjectis scutulis impulsas vectibus in interiorem partem transduxit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 40, 4:

(navem) triplici versu (remorum),

Verg. A. 5, 119:

puppim remis velisque,

Sil. 1, 568:

ratem (levis aura),

Ov. M. 15, 697:

currum,

Val. Fl. 6, 6:

equum calce,

Sil. 7, 697; cf.:

cornipedem planta,

id. 2, 71:

Zephyris primum impellentibus undas,

Verg. G. 4, 305:

fluctus (ventus),

Petr. 114:

aequor velis,

Tac. A. 2, 23:

praemissus eques postremos ac latera impulit,

id. ib. 2, 17: utque impulit arma, i. e. brandished, flourished, Verg. A. 8, 3:

remos,

id. ib. 4, 594:

sagittam nervo,

to shoot, discharge, Ov. M. 11, 325:

semen vehementius urinam impellit,

drives down, promotes the discharge of, Plin. 24, 19, 118, § 180:

praecipitantem igitur impellamus et perditum prosternamus,

give a push to, Cic. Clu. 26, 70; Tac. A. 4, 22:

procumbunt orni, nodosa impellitur ilex,

is overthrown, thrown down, Luc. 3, 440:

impulit aciem,

forced to give way, broke, Liv. 9, 40, 9; cf.:

hostem primo impetu impulit,

id. 9, 27, 9:

impulsis hostibus castra cepit,

Vell. 2, 70, 1:

impulit Vitellianos modica caede,

Tac. H. 3, 16:

quem (hostem) si inpellere maturasset,

id. ib. 4, 34;

78 al.— Designating the limit: in fugam atque in latebras impellere,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 8, 22:

se in vulnus,

Vell. 2, 70 fin.:

inque meos ferrum flammasque Penates Impulit,

Ov. M. 12, 552:

ferrum capulo tenus,

Sil. 9, 382:

(Aufidus) in aequora fluctus,

id. 7, 482; 14, 429:

jamque diem ad metas defessis Phoebus Olympo Impellebat equis,

id. 11, 270.

Trop.

To move to a thing; to impel, incite, urge; esp., to instigate, stimulate, persuade (the predom. signif. in good prose); constr. usu. with aliquem in or ad aliquid and ut; less freq. with a terminal adverb, the inf., the simple acc., or absol.

Aliquem in aliquid:

nisi eum di immortales in eam mentem impulissent, ut, etc.,

Cic. Mil. 33, 89:

hic in fraudem homines impulit,

id. Pis. 1, 1; id. Lael. 24, 89; and:

in fraudem impulsus,

id. Deiot. 12, 32:

in sermonem,

id. de Or. 2, 89, 363:

in plurimas animum audientium species impellere,

Quint. 12, 10, 43.—

Aliquem ad aliquid (so most freq.):

ad quam quemque artem putabat esse aptum, ad eam impellere atque hortari solebat,

Cic. de Or. 1, 28, 126:

ad veterum annalium memoriam comprehendendam impulsi atque incensi,

id. Brut. 5, 19:

facile ad credendum,

id. Rep. 2, 10:

aliquos ad omne facinus,

id. ib. 6, 1:

ad maleficium,

Auct. Her. 2, 21, 34:

ad injuriam faciendam,

Cic. Fl. 34, 85:

ad scelus,

id. Rosc. Am. 14, 39:

ad bellum,

id. Sull. 13, 36:

ad crudelitatem,

Quint. 8, 3, 85:

ad metum, cupiditatem, odium, conciliationem,

id. 3, 8, 12 et saep.—

With ut:

quae causa nos impulerit, ut haec tam sero litteris mandaremus,

Cic. N. D. 1, 4, 7; cf. id. de Sen. 21, 77:

Germanos tam facile impelli, ut in Galliam venirent,

Caes. B. G. 4, 16, 1; Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 166; id. Rep. 3, 2; id. Fin. 3, 20, 65; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 51 et saep.—

With a terminal adv.:

dum in dubio est animus, paulo momento huc illuc impellitur,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 31:

impulit huc animos,

Luc. 8, 454:

voluntates impellere quo velit,

Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 30.—

With inf.:

fuerunt quos pavor nando capessere fugam impulerit,

Liv. 22, 6, 7:

quae mens tam dira Impulit his cingi telis?

Verg. A. 2, 520; Tac. A. 6, 45; 13, 10:

quendam impulit servilem ei amorem obicere,

id. ib. 14, 60; Hor. C. 3, 7, 14; Stat. Th. 10, 737; Just. 3, 1, 3; 5, 1, 4; 29, 4, 5.—

With the simple acc.:

ut forte legentem Aut tacitum impellat quovis sermone,

to arouse, address, Hor. S. 1, 3, 65; Val. Fl. 4, 486:

cum praetor lictorem impellat,

Juv. 3, 128:

quis modo casus impulit hos,

id. 15, 120:

vernacula multitudo, lasciviae sueta, impellere ceterorum rudes animos,

to instigate, stimulate, Tac. A. 1, 31 Ritter. (Nipperd. implere).—In pass.:

(ut) qui audiunt aut impellantur aut reflectantur,

Cic. de Or. 2, 77, 312:

Bellovacos impulsos ab suis principibus ab Aeduis defecisse,

Caes. B. G. 2, 14, 3:

vel iratum vel impulsum ab aliis,

Quint. 11, 1, 71:

hac fama impulsus Chremes ultro ad me venit,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 72:

impulsus irā... Quibus iris impulsus,

id. Hec. 3, 5, 35:

furore atque amentia impulsus,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 4:

hac impulsi occasione,

id. ib. 7, 1, 3:

Induciomari nuntiis impulsi,

id. ib. 5, 26, 2:

Cassandrae impulsus furiis,

Verg. A. 10, 68 et saep.:

quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus,

Quint. 7, 1, 10:

cum simul terra, simul mari bellum impelleretur,

Tac. Agr. 25; cf.:

impulsum bellum,

Luc. 7, 5; 7, 330.—

Absol.: cui (daimoniôi) sempel ipse paruerit, numquam impellenti, saepe revocanti, Cic. Div. 1, 54, 122:

qui nullo impellente fallebant,

id. Fl. 8, 20:

uno ictu frequenter impellunt (sententiae),

Quint. 12, 10, 48.—

To overthrow, subdue, destroy (rare): praecipitantem igitur impellamus, et perditum prosternamus, Cic. Clu. 26, 70:

miseri post fata Sychaei... Solus hic (Aeneas) inflexit sensus animumque labantem Impulit,

i. e. has completely subdued, Verg. A. 4, 23:

impellere ruentem,

to destroy completely, Tac. H. 2, 63 fin.:

inpulsas Vitellii res audietis,

id. ib. 3, 2:

inmenso Achaicae victoriae momento ad impellendos mores,

Plin. 33, 11, 53, § 149:

impulsum bellum,

i. e. brought near to a close, Luc. 5, 330:

impellens quidquid sibi, summa petenti, obstaret,

id. 1, 149:

tum leviter est temptatum,... et nunc maximo temporum nostrorum auctore prope inpulsum,

Quint. 3, 4, 2 Spald. N. cr.

impello ( inp-), pŭli, pulsum, 3 (archaic inf. pres. pass. inpellier, Lucr. 6, 1060), v. a. [in-pello], to push, drive, or strike against a thing; to strike, reach.

Lit.

In gen. (mostly poet.):

cavum conversa cuspide montem Impulit in latus,

Verg. A. 1, 82:

vocales impellere pollice chordas,

to strike, Tib. 2, 5, 3; cf. Ov. M. 10, 145:

aequora remis,

id. ib. 3, 657; cf.:

infidum remis marmor,

Verg. G. 1, 254:

impellunt animae lintea Thraciae,

swell, Hor. C. 4, 12, 2:

auras mugitibus,

Ov. M. 3, 21; cf.:

maternas aures Luctus,

Verg. G. 4, 349:

sensus,

Lucr. 1, 303:

colles canoris plausibus, Claud. Cons. Prob. et Olybr. 175: cui patuere Alpes saxa impellentia caelum,

Sil. 11, 217: cum fretum non impulit Ister, does not strike, i. e. does not empty into, Luc. 5, 437:

impulsum ab eo dextri pedis pollice,

Suet. Calig. 57:

subitus antennas impulit ignis,

Juv. 12, 19.—

In partic., with the access. idea of motion, to drive forward, set in motion, urge on, impel (class.):

biremes subjectis scutulis impulsas vectibus in interiorem partem transduxit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 40, 4:

(navem) triplici versu (remorum),

Verg. A. 5, 119:

puppim remis velisque,

Sil. 1, 568:

ratem (levis aura),

Ov. M. 15, 697:

currum,

Val. Fl. 6, 6:

equum calce,

Sil. 7, 697; cf.:

cornipedem planta,

id. 2, 71:

Zephyris primum impellentibus undas,

Verg. G. 4, 305:

fluctus (ventus),

Petr. 114:

aequor velis,

Tac. A. 2, 23:

praemissus eques postremos ac latera impulit,

id. ib. 2, 17: utque impulit arma, i. e. brandished, flourished, Verg. A. 8, 3:

remos,

id. ib. 4, 594:

sagittam nervo,

to shoot, discharge, Ov. M. 11, 325:

semen vehementius urinam impellit,

drives down, promotes the discharge of, Plin. 24, 19, 118, § 180:

praecipitantem igitur impellamus et perditum prosternamus,

give a push to, Cic. Clu. 26, 70; Tac. A. 4, 22:

procumbunt orni, nodosa impellitur ilex,

is overthrown, thrown down, Luc. 3, 440:

impulit aciem,

forced to give way, broke, Liv. 9, 40, 9; cf.:

hostem primo impetu impulit,

id. 9, 27, 9:

impulsis hostibus castra cepit,

Vell. 2, 70, 1:

impulit Vitellianos modica caede,

Tac. H. 3, 16:

quem (hostem) si inpellere maturasset,

id. ib. 4, 34;

78 al.— Designating the limit: in fugam atque in latebras impellere,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 8, 22:

se in vulnus,

Vell. 2, 70 fin.:

inque meos ferrum flammasque Penates Impulit,

Ov. M. 12, 552:

ferrum capulo tenus,

Sil. 9, 382:

(Aufidus) in aequora fluctus,

id. 7, 482; 14, 429:

jamque diem ad metas defessis Phoebus Olympo Impellebat equis,

id. 11, 270.

Trop.

To move to a thing; to impel, incite, urge; esp., to instigate, stimulate, persuade (the predom. signif. in good prose); constr. usu. with aliquem in or ad aliquid and ut; less freq. with a terminal adverb, the inf., the simple acc., or absol.

Aliquem in aliquid:

nisi eum di immortales in eam mentem impulissent, ut, etc.,

Cic. Mil. 33, 89:

hic in fraudem homines impulit,

id. Pis. 1, 1; id. Lael. 24, 89; and:

in fraudem impulsus,

id. Deiot. 12, 32:

in sermonem,

id. de Or. 2, 89, 363:

in plurimas animum audientium species impellere,

Quint. 12, 10, 43.—

Aliquem ad aliquid (so most freq.):

ad quam quemque artem putabat esse aptum, ad eam impellere atque hortari solebat,

Cic. de Or. 1, 28, 126:

ad veterum annalium memoriam comprehendendam impulsi atque incensi,

id. Brut. 5, 19:

facile ad credendum,

id. Rep. 2, 10:

aliquos ad omne facinus,

id. ib. 6, 1:

ad maleficium,

Auct. Her. 2, 21, 34:

ad injuriam faciendam,

Cic. Fl. 34, 85:

ad scelus,

id. Rosc. Am. 14, 39:

ad bellum,

id. Sull. 13, 36:

ad crudelitatem,

Quint. 8, 3, 85:

ad metum, cupiditatem, odium, conciliationem,

id. 3, 8, 12 et saep.—

With ut:

quae causa nos impulerit, ut haec tam sero litteris mandaremus,

Cic. N. D. 1, 4, 7; cf. id. de Sen. 21, 77:

Germanos tam facile impelli, ut in Galliam venirent,

Caes. B. G. 4, 16, 1; Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 166; id. Rep. 3, 2; id. Fin. 3, 20, 65; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 51 et saep.—

With a terminal adv.:

dum in dubio est animus, paulo momento huc illuc impellitur,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 31:

impulit huc animos,

Luc. 8, 454:

voluntates impellere quo velit,

Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 30.—

With inf.:

fuerunt quos pavor nando capessere fugam impulerit,

Liv. 22, 6, 7:

quae mens tam dira Impulit his cingi telis?

Verg. A. 2, 520; Tac. A. 6, 45; 13, 10:

quendam impulit servilem ei amorem obicere,

id. ib. 14, 60; Hor. C. 3, 7, 14; Stat. Th. 10, 737; Just. 3, 1, 3; 5, 1, 4; 29, 4, 5.—

With the simple acc.:

ut forte legentem Aut tacitum impellat quovis sermone,

to arouse, address, Hor. S. 1, 3, 65; Val. Fl. 4, 486:

cum praetor lictorem impellat,

Juv. 3, 128:

quis modo casus impulit hos,

id. 15, 120:

vernacula multitudo, lasciviae sueta, impellere ceterorum rudes animos,

to instigate, stimulate, Tac. A. 1, 31 Ritter. (Nipperd. implere).—In pass.:

(ut) qui audiunt aut impellantur aut reflectantur,

Cic. de Or. 2, 77, 312:

Bellovacos impulsos ab suis principibus ab Aeduis defecisse,

Caes. B. G. 2, 14, 3:

vel iratum vel impulsum ab aliis,

Quint. 11, 1, 71:

hac fama impulsus Chremes ultro ad me venit,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 72:

impulsus irā... Quibus iris impulsus,

id. Hec. 3, 5, 35:

furore atque amentia impulsus,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 4:

hac impulsi occasione,

id. ib. 7, 1, 3:

Induciomari nuntiis impulsi,

id. ib. 5, 26, 2:

Cassandrae impulsus furiis,

Verg. A. 10, 68 et saep.:

quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus,

Quint. 7, 1, 10:

cum simul terra, simul mari bellum impelleretur,

Tac. Agr. 25; cf.:

impulsum bellum,

Luc. 7, 5; 7, 330.—

Absol.: cui (daimoniôi) sempel ipse paruerit, numquam impellenti, saepe revocanti, Cic. Div. 1, 54, 122:

qui nullo impellente fallebant,

id. Fl. 8, 20:

uno ictu frequenter impellunt (sententiae),

Quint. 12, 10, 48.—

To overthrow, subdue, destroy (rare): praecipitantem igitur impellamus, et perditum prosternamus, Cic. Clu. 26, 70:

miseri post fata Sychaei... Solus hic (Aeneas) inflexit sensus animumque labantem Impulit,

i. e. has completely subdued, Verg. A. 4, 23:

impellere ruentem,

to destroy completely, Tac. H. 2, 63 fin.:

inpulsas Vitellii res audietis,

id. ib. 3, 2:

inmenso Achaicae victoriae momento ad impellendos mores,

Plin. 33, 11, 53, § 149:

impulsum bellum,

i. e. brought near to a close, Luc. 5, 330:

impellens quidquid sibi, summa petenti, obstaret,

id. 1, 149:

tum leviter est temptatum,... et nunc maximo temporum nostrorum auctore prope inpulsum,

Quint. 3, 4, 2 Spald. N. cr.

con-clāmo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a., to cry or call out together.

(Con subject.) To call or cry out together or in a body (hence often joined with omnes, universi, pariter, omnes pariter, Liv. 34, 61, 8; Curt. 5, 13, 5; 8, 11, 22; 10, 17, 3), to shout, esp. in approbation or assent (class. in prose and poetry).

In gen., with acc. and inf.:

cum vos universi, unā mente atque voce, iterum a me conservatam esse rem publicam conclamastis,

Cic. Phil. 6, 1, 2; Caes. B. G. 3, 18; id. B. C. 1, 7; Tac. A. 1, 8;

ducendum ad sedes simulacrum... conclamant,

Verg. A. 2, 233 al. —With acc.:

quod Mithridates se velle dixit, id sutores et zonarii conclamarunt,

Cic. Fl. 7, 17:

victoriam suo more,

Caes. B. G. 5, 37:

laetum paeana,

Verg. A. 10, 738 al. —With ut:

tum suo more conclamaverunt, uti, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 5, 26 fin. —So with simple subj.:

conclamantibus omnibus, imperaret quod vellet,

Caes. B. C. 3, 6; cf.:

igitur, conclamant, duceret quo videretur,

Curt. 4, 1, 29.— Absol.:

conclamat vir paterque,

Liv. 1, 58, 12:

ad quorum casum, cum conclamasset gaudio exercitus,

id. 1, 25, 6; Tac. A. 3, 74.— Poet.:

planctu conclamat uterque Isthmos,

Stat. Th. 6, 13.—

In partic.

Conclamare ad arma, milit. t. t., to call to arms, to give the signal for an attack, Liv. 3, 50, 11; 7, 12, 3; 10, 32, 9; 41, 26, 2 al.—

Conclamare vasa, to give the signal, before breaking up, for packing, i. e. to give the order for decamping (ellipt. for conclamare, ut vasa colligantur), Caes. B. C. 1, 66. In the same sense without vasa, id. ib. 1, 67, and id. ib. 3, 75.—

To call together, to call to one's help (very rare):

socios,

Ov. M. 13, 73:

duros agrestes,

Verg. A. 7, 504. —

(Con intens.) Of a single person, to call or cry out loudly or violently, to shout, exclaim (class.).

In gen.:

ubi abit, conclamo: Heus quid agis tu, etc.?

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 22; id. Men. 5, 9, 94:

Italiam primus conclamat Achates,

Verg. A. 3, 523:

hei mihi! conclamat,

Ov. M. 6, 227; 7, 843:

capta castra conclamavit,

Tac. H. 3, 29 fin.:

Ariovistus conclamavit, quid ad se venirent, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 47 fin.:

deos omnes,

to call upon, invoke, Sen. Oedip. 974:

saxa querelis,

to fill with cries, Mart. 9, 46, 5.— Absol.:

conclamat virgo,

cries out, Ov. M. 4, 691; 10, 385; Quint. 2, 2, 12 al.—

Esp., with aliquem (mortuum), t. t. in the lang. of religion; of the dead, to call repeatedly by name, and lament him seven (acc. to others, eight) days, until his burial (cf. Serv. ad Verg. A. 6, 218; Schol. Luc. 2, 23;

Dict. Antiq. p. 459, a.): ut ex maestis paulo ante domibus, quae conclamaverant suos, procurreretur in vias,

Liv. 4, 40, 3:

cum corpora nondum conclamata jacent,

Luc. 2, 23:

post conclamata imperatoris suprema,

i. e. after this cry, Amm. 30, 10, 1:

partem conclamare tori,

Stat. S. 2, 6, 5.—

In gen., to bewail, complain; cf.:

videris immensis conclamata querelis Saxa,

Mart. 9, 45, 5.—

Prov.:

jam conclamatum est,

it is all over, all is lost, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 57 Don.—Hence,

conclāmans, ntis, P. a. (post-class.), noisy:

conclamantissimus fons,

Sid. Ep. 2, 2.—

conclāmā-tus, a, um, P. a. (post-class.).

Published abroad by crying out, i. e. known, celebrated:

conclamatissimus primipilaris,

Sid. Ep. 6, 1:

conclamatissimae declamationes,

id. ib. 8, 3.—

(Acc. to III. B.) Lamentable, unfortunate:

res,

Serv. ad Verg. A. 2, 233:

frigus,

Macr. S. 7, 5, 26.

dē-volvo, volvi, vŏlūtum, 3, v. a., to roll or tumble down (class.).

Lit.:

saxa in musculum,

Caes. B. C. 2, 11, 1, and 2; cf.

saxa (amnis),

Quint. 12, 10, 61:

auratas trabes,

Verg. A. 2, 449: tonitrua, i. e. to imitate it (by rolling down balls behind the scenes), Phaedr. 5, 7, 23:

clipeos e muris,

Curt. 4, 3 fin.:

panem ex igne,

Cat. 59, 4:

corpora in humum,

Ov. M. 7, 574:

se toris,

Val. Fl. 1, 235 et saep.— Poet.:

fusis mollia pensa,

i. e. to spin off, Verg. G. 4, 349.—

Pass. in mid. force, to roll itself down, to roll or tumble down, to fall headlong:

monte praecipiti devolutus torrens,

Liv. 28, 6; cf. Col. 1, 5, 2; Curt. 5, 3:

jumenta cum oneribus devolvebantur,

Liv. 21, 33:

ex praecipiti,

Curt. 7, 11.—

Trop.:

aliquem vitā suā, to remove from,

i. e. to deprive of, Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 5:

per audaces nova dithyrambos Verba devolvit (the figure being taken from a river),

Hor. Od. 4, 2, 11.—

Mid., to sink down, fall into: ad spem inanem pacis devoluti, * Cic. Phil. 7, 4, 13:

retro ad stirpem,

Liv. 1, 47:

ad otium et inertiam,

Col. 1 prooem. §

29: devolvuntur,

hasten down, Amm. 15, 10, 4.

mŏdŏ (scanned mŏdō, Plaut. Ps. 2, 3, 23; Lucr. 2, 11, 35; Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 42, 107; v. Corss. Ausspr. 2, p. 480; Lachm. ad Lucr. 2, p. 140), adv. [orig. abl. of modus, q. v.].

Qs., by measure, expressing, like tantum, a restriction of the idea, only, merely, but.

In gen.

Affirmatively: ter sub armis malim vitam cernere, Quam semel modo parere, even once, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, § 81 Müll. (Trag. v. 298 Vahl.):

semel modo,

only once, Plaut. Poen. 1, 3, 30:

uni modo gessi morem,

id. Most. 1, 3, 43:

hoc autem si ita sit, ut unum modo sensibus falsum videatur, etc.,

Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 101; cf.:

quorum genera plura sunt: hi unum modo quale sit suspicantur,

id. Or. 9, 28:

nec audiendi quidam, qui tres modo primas esse partes volunt,

Quint. 3, 3, 4:

paulum modo,

Cic. Fam. 1, 5, b, 2; Varr. ap. Gell. 13, 15:

perpauxillum modo,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 74; cf.:

manus erat nulla, quae parvam modo causam timoris afferret,

Caes. B. G. 6, 35, 3:

quae pacisci modo scis, sed quod pacta es, non scis solvere,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 88:

ad ornandam modo, non augendam orationem assumuntur,

Quint. 8, 6, 39; cf. Cic. Inv. 2, 23, 69:

solere modo non etiam oportere,

id. Off. 3, 4, 18:

doctrina ac litterae secundis rebus delectationem modo habere videbantur, nunc vero etiam salutem,

id. Fam. 6, 12, 5:

circi modo spectaculum fuerat,

Liv. 7, 2: modo facito ut illam serves, only see that, etc., Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 59:

modo fac, ne quid aliud cures, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 16, 11, 1:

aetatem velim servire, Libanum ut conveniam modo,

if I can only, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 8:

modo ut tacere possis,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 9; cf.:

concede, ut impune emerit, modo ut bonā ratione emerit,

if but. provided that, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 5, § 10:

modo ut haec nobis loca tenere liceat,

id. Fam. 14, 14, 1.— For the expressions dummodo, solummodo, and tantummodo, v. dum, solum, and tantum.—

Negatively: non modo... sed (verum) etiam (et, or simply sed), not only... but also:

ut non modo secunda sperare debeas, sed etiam adversa fortissimo animo ferre,

Cic. Fam. 6, 13, 5:

non modo agendo, verum etiam cogitando,

id. Cael. 19, 45:

illum non modo favisse, sed et, etc.,

id. Att. 11, 9, 2:

non modo falsum id esse, sed hoc verissimum,

id. Rep. 2, 44, 71.— As to these expressions, and also respecting the omission of a second non in the latter clause, v. under sed and non.—

In partic., in restrictive clauses, for ullo or aliquo modo, in any way or degree, at all, only, even:

servus est nemo, qui modo tolerabili conditione sit servitutis, qui, etc.,

who is in any tolerable condition, Cic. Cat. 4, 8, 16; cf.:

quamquam quis ignorat, qui modo umquam mediocriter res istas scire curavit, quin, etc.,

id. Fl. 27, 64; and:

quis est omnium, qui modo cum Musis habeat aliquod commercium, qui? etc.,

id. Tusc. 5, 23, 66:

nemo aliter philosophus sensit, in quo modo esset auctoritas,

id. Div. 1, 39, 86; cf.: servitus, honorifica modo, Brut. ap. Cic. ad Brut. 1, 17, 4:

tum quam plurimis modo dignis, se utilem praebent,

be they but worthy, Cic. Off. 1, 26, 92:

bonis viris... faciendum est, modo pro facultatibus,

id. ib. 2, 17, 58:

decerne, modo recte,

id. Rosc. Am. 48, 138:

itaque veniam, quo vocas, modo adjutore te,

id. Att. 16, 13, a, 1:

atque utinam posset aliquā ratione hoc crimen quamvis falsa, modo humana atque usitata defendere,

if only, id. Verr. 2, 3, 97, § 224.—

Si modo, if only (freq.):

tu si modo es Romae: vix enim puto, sin es, hoc vehementer animadvertas velim,

Cic. Att. 5, 8, 2:

tute scis (si modo meministi) me tibi tum dixisse, etc.,

id. ib. 12, 18, 2:

fortasse vici, si modo permansero,

id. ib. 12, 44, 3.— Poet. with subj.:

si modo sola queant saxa tenere fidem,

Prop. 1, 18, 4.—

Poet. and in jurid. Latin, modo si, for dummodo, if only, provided that:

persequar inferius, modo si licet ordine ferri,

Ov. Tr. 2, 263:

modo si ejus nomine opus fiat,

Dig. 39, 1, 18; 26, 2, 28; 19, 2, 19, § 10.—

As a conjunction with subj., for dummodo, if only, provided that (freq. and class.):

quos valetudo modo bona sit, tenuitas ipsa delectat,

Cic. Brut. 16, 64; id. Or. 9, 28:

manent ingenia senibus, modo permaneat studium et industria,

id. Sen. 7, 22; Quint. 10, 1, 131:

modo Juppiter adsit, Tertia lux classem Cretaeis sistet in oris,

Verg. A. 3, 116.—So, modo ne for dummodo ne, if only not, provided that not:

quae de Sicinio audīsti, ea mihi probantur: modo ne illa exceptio in aliquem incurrat bene de nobis meritum,

Cic. Att. 5, 4, 3:

si quis est paulo ad voluptates propensior, modo ne sit ex pecudum genere, etc.,

id. Off. 1, 30, 105; id. Ac. 2, 43, 132.—

Modo non, like the Gr. monon ouchi, all but, almost, nearly, = propemodum (ante- and post-class.):

modo non montes auri pollicens,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 17 Don.:

favet Fabi gloriae, quae modo non suā contumeliā splendeat,

Liv. 10, 24, 11:

pictor equum venientem, modo non vivum, comprehenderat,

Val. Max. 8, 11, ext. 7:

modo non reclamante publico vigore,

Amm. 14, 7, 1; 16, 12, 16; 21, 14, 1; 22, 6, 2 al.—

In colloq. lang. with imperatives, just, now, only:

sequere hac modo,

Plaut. Men. 4, 1, 4:

sedete hic modo,

id. Rud. 3, 3, 29:

propera modo,

id. Men. 1, 4, 32:

vide modo,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 46:

ignem scrutare modo, inquam,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 276.—Indignantly:

quin tu i modo,

begone now, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 182; so,

i modo,

id. Stich. 3, 2, 23:

tace modo,

be still now, id. As. 5, 2, 19.—With tu or vos ( poet. and post-class.):

tu modo, dum licet, hunc fructum ne desere vitae,

Prop. 2, 15, 49; Verg. G. 3, 73:

tu modo posce deos veniam,

id. A. 4, 50:

vos modo, inquit, parcite,

Phaedr. 2, 8, 8; Curt. 9, 6, 24; 9, 2, 25.

With specifications of time, like Gr. arti (reaching to the full measure of the time, fully).

In gen.

Of the pressent time, just now, just (ante-class. and poet.):

quid? ego modo huic frater factus, dum intro eo atque exeo?

just now? Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 43:

modo dolores, meatu, occipiunt,

Ter. Ad. 3, 1, 2 (evidenter hic modo temporis praesentis adverbium est, Don.):

advenis modo,

id. Hec. 3, 5, 8 Don.:

devoravi nomen imprudens modo,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 63:

jam modo nunc possum contentus vivere parvo,

Tib. 1, 1, 25; cf.:

peccare fuisset Ante satis, penitus modo nunc genus omne perosos Femineum,

Verg. A. 9, 141.—

Of time just passed, just now, but this moment, a little while ago, lately (class.):

nuper homines nobiles hujusmodi, judices, et quid dico nuper? immo vero modo ac plane paulo ante vidimus, qui, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 7: Al. Ita uti dudum dixeras? Am. Dudum? quam dudum istuc factum est? Al. Temptas:

jam dudum, pridem, modo,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 60: Ph. Quando? Do. Hodie. Ph. Quamdudum? Do. Modo, Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 30:

sum illi villae amicior modo factus,

Cic. Leg. 2, 2, 4:

quaeras putemne talem esse deorum naturam, qualis modo a te sit exposita,

id. N. D. 1, 21, 57:

declaravit id modo temeritas C. Caesaris,

id. Off. 1, 8, 26:

modo hoc malum in rem publicam invasit,

id. ib. 2, 21, 75:

si hodie bella sint, quale Gallicum modo (i. e. twenty-two years earlier),

Liv. 6, 40, 17; cf. id. 22, 14, 13; Cic. Div. 1, 44, 99.—Opp. to nunc: qui nunc primum te advenisse dicas, [p. 1156] modo qui hinc abieris, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 63:

in quā urbe modo gratiā, auctoritate, gloriā floruimus, in eā nunc iis quidem omnibus caremus,

Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 2; id. Mur. 40, 86; 41, 88; Prop. 1, 18, 7.—With tunc, Tac. A. 2, 75.—

Of time just to come, immediately, directly, in a moment (rare, and perh. not in Cic.):

domum modo ibo,

Ter. And. 3, 4, 15; Liv. 26, 15:

Artabanus tardari metu, modo cupidine vindictae inardescere,

Tac. A. 6, 32; 4, 50.—

In partic.

Modo... modo, now... now, at one moment... at another, sometimes... sometimes (class.):

modo ait, modo negat,

sometimes he says Yes, and sometimes No, Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 46:

Cotta meus modo hoc, modo illud,

Cic. N. D. 1, 18, 47; id. Div. 2, 44, 93:

modo his, modo illis ex partibus,

id. N. D. 2, 19, 49:

o Academiam volaticam et sui similem, modo huc, modo illuc!

id. Att. 13, 25, 3:

citus modo, modo tardus incessus,

Sall. C. 15, 5:

laetos modo, modo pavidos animadverteres,

id. J. 60, 4:

nebulonem modo, modo nugatorem appellat,

Liv. 38, 56.—Instead of modo... modo, we sometimes find:

nunc... modo: nunc quereretur eundem accusatorem ac judicem esse, modo vitam sibi eripi, etc.,

Liv. 8, 32, 9.—Again, instead of the second modo (esp. in poets and in post-Aug. prose writers), we find:

nunc aliquando, interdum, nonnumquam, saepe, rursus.—So, modo... nunc,

Ov. M. 13, 922; id. F. 4, 643; id. Tr. 1, 2, 27:

modo ut reciperet imperium, nunc ut legatione fungeretur,

Tac. H. 2, 51:

modo... aliquando,

id. A. 1, 81; 6, 35; 11, 34; 16, 10; id. H. 2, 74:

modo... interdum,

Sall. J. 42, 1; 55, 9; 62, 9 Kritz.; 74, 1; Hor. S. 1, 9, 9 et saep.:

modo... nonnumquam,

Suet. Tib. 66; id. Claud. 15; id. Calig. 52:

modo... saepe,

Hor. S. 1, 10, 11:

modo... modo... saepe,

Sall. J. 45, 2; Tac. H. 4, 84:

modo... rursus,

Prop. 1, 3, 41.—

Modo... tum (deinde, postea, etc.), at first... then, at one time... at another:

sol modo accedens, tum autem recedens,

Cic. N. D. 2, 40, 102:

(Xenophon) facit Socratem disputantem... et modo unum, tum autem plures deos,

id. ib. 1, 12, 31:

et modo mundum, tum mentem divinam esse putat,

id. ib. 1, 13, 34; cf.:

modo (Theophrastus) menti divinum tribuit principatum, modo caelo, tum autem signis sideribusque caelestibus,

id. ib. 1, 13, 35:

et forte in eo loco grandis ilex coaluerat inter saxa paulum modo prona, deinde flexa, etc.,

Sall. J. 93, 4:

modo... paulo post,

Val. Max. 7, 4, 5:

modo... modo... postremum,

Tac. H. 4, 46:

quid agerent, modo timentes, vicissim contemnentes religiones,

Cic. Leg. 2, 17, 43.

rē-spondĕo, di, sum, 2, v. a.

Lit., to promise a thing in return for something else; to offer or present in return. So, only in a few examples, the phrase par pari (dat.) respondere, to return like for like: par pari respondes dicto, you return tit for tat with your tongue (syn. refero), Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 41; cf.: istuc serva; et verbum verbo par pari ut respondeas, Ter Phorm. 1, 4, 35; and:

paria paribus respondimus,

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 23.— Pass.: provide, si cui quid debetur, ut sit, unde par pari respondeatur, i. e. that there be wherewithal to meet the demand, Atticus ap. Cic. Att. 16, 7, 6; cf. also under II. A. 1, the lusus verbb. with spondeo; and II. B. init. —

In a more general signification.

To answer, reply, respond (either to a question, or to any statement or remark, and either in a friendly or hostile signif.); constr. aliquid alicui, ad, adversus, contra aliquem ( aliquid).

In gen.

Lit.: Th. Aliud te rogo. Tr. Aliud ergo nunc tibi respondeo, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 70; cf. id. Merc. 1, 2, 73.— Absol.:

prius respondes, quam rogo,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 119:

eā legatione Papirius auditā... respondit,

Liv. 9, 14, 2; 27, 40, 8; 33, 38, 7; Nep. Milt. 1, 4:

ille appellatus respondit,

Caes. B. G. 5, 36; 5, 41; Cic. Leg. 3, 13, 30; id. Verr. 2, 4, 62, § 138; id. Fam. 3, 6, 2; 5, 2, 8; 7, 24, 2;

9, 14, 2. — So usu. of an oral answer: tibi non rescribam, sed respondeam,

Sen. Ep. 67, 2;

but also of writing: epistulae,

Cic. Att. 9, 9, 1 et saep.; v. infra:

ab his sermo oritur, respondet Laelius,

Cic. Lael. 1, 5; Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 28: olli respondit rex Albaï Longaï, Enn. ap. Fortun. p. 2691 P. (Ann. v. 34 Vahl.):

cui orationi Caepionis ore respondit Aelius,

Cic. Brut. 46, 169:

criminibus,

id. Planc. 2, 4:

supremae tuae paginae,

id. Att. 6, 2, 1:

cui opinioni,

Quint. 4, 4, 1:

tam aequae postulationi,

id. 7, 1, 47 al.:

summā constantiā ad ea, quae quaesita erant, respondebat,

Cic. Phil. 1, 1, 2; cf.:

arbitrabar me satis respondisse ad id quod quaesierat Laelius,

id. Rep. 2, 39, 65:

nec absurde adversus utrosque respondisse visus est,

Liv. 35, 50; 8, 32:

adversus haec imperator respondit,

id. 30, 31; 33, 35 fin. — With acc. of neutr. pron.:

illud respondere cogam,

to make answer to that, Cic. Cael. 28, 67; cf. id. Vatin. 7, 18; 17, 41:

multa contra patronos venuste testis saepe respondet,

Quint. 5, 7, 31; 5, 7, 24; cf.:

accipe, quid contra juvenis responderit,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 233.— With object-clause:

respondent, bello se et suos tutari posse,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 59; id. Curc. 2, 3, 54; id. Mil. 2, 2, 23; id. Merc. 5, 2. 102 al. —Introducing a direct answer:

cum dixisset, Quid agis, Grani? respondit, Immo vero tu, Druse, quid agis!

Cic. Planc. 14, 33; id. Att. 5, 21, 12; id. Inv. 1, 31, 51; id. Tusc. 5, 19, 56.— In impers. perf.:

postquam mihi responsum est, abeo, etc.,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 57; cf. id. Mil. 4, 2, 93: quid nunc renunciem abs te responsum? Ter. Heaut. 4, 8, 18:

sic existimet: Responsum non dictum esse, quia laesit prior,

id. Eun. prol. 6.— In plur.:

multa ejus et in senatu et in foro vel provisa prudenter vel acta constanter vel responsa acute ferebantur,

Cic. Lael. 2, 6.— In the sup.:

(haec) quam brevia responsu,

Cic. Clu. 59 fin. — In a lusus verbb. with spondeo: Er. Sponden' tu istud? He. Spondeo. Er. At ego, tuum tibi advenisse filium, respondeo, and in return I promise you, i. e. assure you, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 119; cf.:

fideiussores, qui salvam rempublicam fore responderunt, etc.,

promised, gave assurance, Dig. 50, 1, 17 fin. —

Trop., to answer, respond, reply to, re-echo, resound, etc.:

saxa et solitudines voci respondent,

Cic. Arch. 8, 19;

respondent flebile ripae,

Ov. M. 11, 53; and:

respondentia tympana,

Stat. Achill. 2, 175: urbes coloniarum respondebunt Catilinae tumulis silvestribus, will give an answer to, i. e. will prove a match for, Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24.—

In partic.

Of lawyers, priests, oracles, etc., to give an opinion, advice, decision, response:

quaeris, num juris consultus (sit)? quasi quisquam sit, qui sibi hunc falsum de jure respondisse dicat,

Cic. Planc. 25, 62; so,

de jure,

id. Brut. 30, 113; cf.:

de jure consulentibus respondere,

id. Mur. 4, 9;

in a like signif., also simply jus,

id. Leg. 1, 4, 12:

facultas respondendi juris,

id. ib. 2, 12, 29; id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; Plin. Ep. 6, 15, 3 al.; cf.:

civica jura,

Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 24; and:

quae consuluntur, minimo periculo respondentur, etc.,

Cic. Mur. 13, 28; id. Brut. 89, 306. — Absol., Dig. 2, 14, 7; and so very freq. of the jurists in the Digests;

v. responsum: pater Roscii ad haruspices retulit: qui responderunt, nihil illo puero clarius fore,

Cic. Div. 1, 36, 79:

cum ex prodigiis haruspices respondissent,

Sall. C. 47, 2; Liv. 27, 37; 31, 5; 5, 54; Vell. 2, 24, 3:

responsum est,

Suet. Aug. 94, 97:

deliberantibus Pythia respondit, ut moenibus ligneis se munirent,

gave advice, Nep. Them. 2, 6; cf. Just. 11, 11, § 11:

possumus seniores amici quiete respondere,

to give advice, Tac. A. 14, 54 fin. —

Of the answering of a person summoned when his name is called; hence, meton., to appear: citatus neque respondit neque excusatus est, Varr. ap. Gell. 11, 1, 4; cf.:

cives, qui ad nomina non respondissent,

Liv. 7, 4:

quia Romae non respondebant,

id. 39, 18; Val. Max. 6, 3, 4; Suet. Tib. 38; id. Ner. 44; Hor. S. 1, 9, 36 (vadato, dat., i.e. ei qui eum vadatus erat; v. vador); Dig. 3, 3, 35; 41, 1, 14 et saep.—

Esp., to appear before a tribunal, to answer an accusation, meet a charge, etc.:

perfectus in exsilium Tubulus est nec respondere ausus,

Cic. Fin. 2, 16, 54:

Verrem alterā actione responsurum non esse,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 1:

nemo Epaminondam responsurum putabat,

Nep. Epam. 8, 1.—

Transf., in gen., to appear, be present:

ipsi (sc. paeon et herous) se offerent et respondebunt non vocati,

Cic. de Or. 3, 49, 191:

verba (with res se ostendent),

Quint. 10, 3, 9:

ut ii, qui debent, non respondeant ad tempus,

Cic. Att. 16, 2, 2; cf.:

podagra ad tempus (with venit ad horam),

Sen. Q. N. 3, 16, 1:

sanguis per menstrua,

Cels. 4, 4, 5.—

To answer to; to meet, agree, accord, or correspond with a thing; constr. usually with dat. or absol.:

ut omnia omnibus paribus paria respondeant,

Cic. N. D. 1, 19, 50:

ut horum auctoritatibus illorum orationi, qui dissentiunt, respondere posse videamur,

id. Imp. Pomp. 23, 68:

ut verba verbis quasi demensa et paria respondeant,

id. Or. 12, 38; and:

respondent extrema primis, media utrisque, omnia omnibus,

id. Fin. 5, 28, 83: (Aristoteles dicit) illam artem (sc. rhetoricam) quasi ex alterā parte respondere dialecticae, that it corresponds to, i. e. forms the counterpart of, id. Or. 32, 114:

aedificare alteram porticum quae Palatio responderet,

id. Har. Resp. 23, 49; cf.

of a locality: contra elata mari respondet Gnosia tellus,

i. e. lies opposite, Verg. A. 6, 23:

Pachyni pulsata Ionio respondent saxa profundo,

Sil. 14, 73:

est mihi magnae curae, ut ita erudiatur (Lucullus), ut et patri et Caepioni nostro et tibi tam propinquo respondeat,

Cic. Fin. 3, 2, 8: satis Graecorum [p. 1582] gloriae responderunt, id. Tusc. 1, 2, 3:

tua virtus opinioni hominum,

id. Fam. 2, 5, 2; id. Lael. 16, 56:

fortuna meis optatis,

id. Fam. 2, 1, 2; cf.:

seges votis,

Verg. G. 1, 47:

arma Caesaris non responsura lacertis,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 48:

favor meritis,

id. ib. 2, 1, 9:

ne prior officio quisquam respondeat,

id. S. 2, 6, 24:

par fama labori,

id. ib. 2, 8, 66:

fructus labori,

Ov. F. 4, 641:

non mihi respondent veteres in carmine vires,

id. H. 15, 197 al.:

familiam nemo speciosiorem producet, sed hominibus non respondet,

he does not pay his debts, Sen. Ep. 87, 6:

amori amore respondere,

i. e. to return it, repay it, Cic. Fam. 15, 21, 4; cf.:

Quinti fratris liberalitati subsidiis amicorum,

id. Att. 4, 3, 6:

qui ex vico ortus est, eam patriam intellegitur habere, cui reipublicae vicus ille respondet,

to which it belongs, Dig. 50, 1, 30.—

In mal. part.: mulieribus,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 17.—With ad:

respondere ad parentum speciem,

resemble, Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 9:

deformentur directiones, ut longitudines ad regulam et lineam, altitudines ad perpendiculum, anguli ad normam respondentes exigantur,

Vitr. 7, 3; cf.:

structuram ad perpendiculum respondere oportet,

Plin. 36, 22, 51, § 172:

quia non tota ad animum responderat (villa),

Suet. Caes. 48:

ad spem eventus respondit,

Liv. 28, 6.—With dat.:

Papirio quoque brevi ad spem eventus respondit,

Liv. 9, 15.— With ex:

quicquid non ex voluntate respondet, iram provocat,

Sen. Ep. 47, 19:

speculum quocumque obvertimus oris, Res sibi respondent simili formā atque colore,

i. e. correspond, are reflected, Lucr. 4, 167.— Absol.:

sidera respondent in aquā,

Lucr. 4, 213:

quia raro verba belle respondeant,

Quint. 6, 3, 48: medicus aliquid oportet inveniat, quod non ubique fortasse, sed saepius tamen etiam respondeat, may answer, be suitable, Cels. praef.—

To return, make a return, yield:

frumenta quando cum quarto responderint (sc. colono),

have returned, yielded, Col. 3, 3, 4; cf. with abl. and dat.:

humus cum est repetita cultu, magno fenore colono respondet,

id. 2, 1, 3:

vitis, nisi praepingui solo, non respondet,

id. 3, 2, 11; cf.:

metalla plenius responsura fodienti,

Sen. Ep. 23, 5.—Hence, rēspon-sum, i, n., an answer, reply, response (equally freq. in sing. and plur.).

In gen.:

suis postulatis responsa exspectare,

Caes. B. C. 1, 5 fin.:

haec paucis diebus ex illius ad nostra responsa responsis intellegentur, quorsum evasura sint,

Cic. Att. 7, 17, 4:

responsum senatūs,

Liv. 7, 31:

sine responso legatos dimisit,

id. 9, 38:

nullo ab nostris dato responso,

Caes. B. G. 5, 58:

responsum dedisti tantis de rebus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 40; 2, 4, 39, § 85; so,

dare responsum,

Liv. 5, 32, 8; Val. Max. 9, 5, ext. 3; Curt. 3, 12, 9; Liv. 3, 50, 12:

reddere alicui,

Cic. Planc. 14, 34; cf.:

triste redditum,

Liv. 9, 16:

ferre (ab aliquo),

to receive, Cic. Cat. 1, 8, 19; Caes. B. G. 6, 4 fin.:

referre (ab aliquo),

to deliver, Cic. Att. 7, 17, 2; Hirt. B. G. 8, 23; Liv. 37, 6:

elicere,

Quint. 5, 7, 20:

petere,

Hor. C. S. 55:

responsum accipere,

Liv. 5, 36, 4; Just. 12, 2, 8:

responsum non fuit in eis,

Vulg. Jer. 5, 13.—

In partic. (acc. to II. A. 2.), an answer, reply of a lawyer, priest, oracle, etc.; an opinion, response, oracle:

cum responsumque ab eo (Crasso) verum magis, quam ad suam rem accommodatum abstulisset, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 1, 56, 239:

res judicatae, decreta, responsa,

id. ib. 2, 27, 116; id. Mur. 13, 29.—

The responsa prudentium, or authoritative opinions of leading lawyers, were an important source of the Roman law,

Just. Inst. 1, 2, 8 Sandars ad loc.:

haruspicum responsa,

Cic. Cat. 3, 4, 9; cf. Quint. 5, 10, 30; Ov. M. 3, 340; 527:

legatus a Delphis Romam rediit, responsumque ex scripto recitavit,

Liv. 23, 11; cf. id. 1, 56; Quint. 3, 7, 11; 5, 7, 35; Tac. H. 1, 10; 4, 65 al.; Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 65; Ter. And. 4, 2, 15; Verg. A. 7, 86 et saep.—

In eccl. Lat.: responsum Dei, ab angelo, etc.,

Vulg. Mich. 3, 7; id. Luc. 2, 26; id. Act. 10, 22.

sŭb-ĕo, ĭi, ĭtum, īre ( perf. subīvit, Ov. F. 1, 314; Stat. S. 2, 1, 155: subivimus, Claud. ap. Tac. A. 11, 24 dub.), v. n. and a., to come or go under any thing; to come or go up to, to approach, draw near, advance or proceed to a place; to come or go on; to follow, succeed; to go down, sink; to come up, spring up (cf. succedo).

Lit.

In gen.:

subire sub falas,

Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 10:

in nemoris latebras,

Ov. M. 4, 601; cf.: in aliquem locum, to enter, Auct. B. Alex. 74, 4:

in adversum Romani subiere,

Liv. 1, 12, 1:

in adversos montes,

id. 41, 18, 11:

testudine factā subeunt,

advance, Caes. B. G. 7, 85, 7:

Albani subiere ad montes,

Liv. 1, 28, 5:

subire ad portam castrorum,

id. 34, 16, 2; cf.:

ad urbem subeunt,

id. 31, 45, 4; 39, 27, 10; 36, 19, 1; and:

subeundum erat ad hostes,

id. 2, 31, 4:

ad tecta subibant,

Verg. A. 8, 359.—With dat.:

muro subibant,

Verg. A. 7, 161; so,

muro,

id. ib. 9, 371:

portu Chaonio (with accedere urbem),

id. ib. 3, 292:

luco,

id. ib. 8, 125:

dumis,

Sil. 5, 283:

ingenti feretro,

Verg. A. 6, 222:

age cervici inponere nostrae: Ipse subibo umeris,

id. ib. 2, 708:

per vices subeunt elephanti,

Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23:

pone subit conjux,

follows, Verg. A. 2, 725; so Val. Fl. 4, 197; cf.:

dexterae alae sinistra subiit,

Liv. 27, 2, 7:

subeuntis alii aliis in custodiam,

id. 25, 37, 6; and:

subiit argentea proles,

Ov. M. 1, 114:

subit ipse meumque Explet opus,

succeeds me, takes my place, id. ib. 3, 648:

Volscus saxa objacentia pedibus ingerit in subeuntes,

climbing, Liv. 2, 65, 4:

vel eodem amne vel Euphrate subire eos posse,

i. e. sail up stream, Curt. 9, 10, 3; cf.:

adverso amne Babylona subituros,

id. 10, 1, 16.—

Of things:

stamen a stando: subtemen, quod subit stamini,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 113 Müll.:

cum luna sub orbem solis subisset,

Liv. 37, 4, 4:

tertio die mixtum flumini subibat mare,

Curt. 9, 9, 7:

venae nonnumquam incipiente febre subeunt,

the pulse sinks, Cels. 3, 6 med.:

subeunt herbae,

come up, spring up, Verg. G. 1, 180; so,

barba,

i. e. sprouts, grows, Mart. 7, 83, 2:

subisse aquam in caelum,

Plin. 31, 3, 21, § 32.—

In partic., to come on secretly, to advance or approach stealthily, to steal upon, steal into ( poet.), Prop. 1, 9, 26; Ov. Am. 1, 2, 6; id. A. A. 1, 742.—

Trop.

In gen., to come in, succeed, take place; to enter stealthily, come secretly or by degrees: in quarum locum subierunt inquilinae impietas, perfidia, impudentia, Varr. ap. Non. 403, 27:

fugere pudor verumque fidesque: In quorum subiere locum fraudesque dolique,

Ov. M. 1, 130:

pulchra subit facies,

id. ib. 14, 827:

subit ecce priori Causa recens,

id. ib. 3, 259:

an subit (amor) et tacitā callidus arte nocet?

id. Am. 1, 2, 6: subeunt morbi [p. 1775] tristisque senectus, Verg. G. 3, 67:

namque graves morbi subeunt segnisque senectus,

Nemes. Cyn. 117; cf.:

duo pariter subierunt incommoda,

arise, come up, Quint. 5, 10, 100:

ne subeant animo taedia justa tuo,

Ov. P. 4, 15, 30:

regio, quā vero ipsa subit ad Medos,

approaches, Plin. 6, 26, 29, § 115. —

In partic., to come into the mind, to occur, suggest itself:

omnes sententiae verbaque omnia sub acumen stili subeant et succedant necesse est,

Cic. de Or. 1, 34, 151:

cum in loca aliqua post tempus reversi sumus, quae in his fecerimus, reminiscimur personaeque subeunt,

Quint. 11, 2, 17:

cum subeant audita aut cognita nobis,

Ov. M. 15, 307:

subit umbra,

id. ib. 12, 591:

subeunt illi fratresque parensque,

id. ib. 11. 542:

subiit cari genitoris imago... subiit deserta Creusa Et direpta domus et parvi casus Iuli,

Verg. A. 2, 560 sq.; Tac. A. 1, 13:

subeant animo Latmia saxa tuo,

Ov. H. 18, 62:

ne subeant animo taedia,

id. P. 4, 15, 30:

quantum subire animo sustinueris, tantum tecum auferas,

to grasp with the mind, Val. Max. 3, 3, ext. 7.—

Subit, with subj. - or rel.-clause ( poet. and in postAug. prose), Ov. M. 2, 755:

quo magis ac magis admirari subit,

Plin. 12, prooem. § 2;

35, 7, 31, § 49: misereri sortis humanae subit,

id. 25, 3, 7, § 23:

quid sim, quid fuerimque subit,

Ov. Tr. 3, 8, 38.

Lit.

In gen., to come or go under, to enter; to submit to; to approach, etc.:

exercitatissimi in armis, qui inter annos XIV. tectum non subissent,

had not come under a roof, Caes. B. G. 1, 36:

tecta,

Quint. 2, 16, 6; Ov. M. 6, 669:

jam subeunt Triviae lucos atque aurea tecta,

Verg. A. 6, 13:

limina victor Alcides subiit,

id. ib. 8, 363:

domos,

Ov. M. 1, 121:

penates,

id. ib. 5, 650:

macra cavum repetes artum, quem macra subisti,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 33:

cum novies subiere paludem,

had plunged under, Ov. M. 15, 358; id. F. 1, 314:

et juncti currum dominae subiere leones,

Verg. A. 3, 313:

leones jugum subeant,

Plin. 10, 45, 62, § 128:

asellus gravius dorso subiit onus,

i. e. submits to, receives, Hor. S. 1, 9, 21:

subire iniquissimum locum,

Caes. B. G. 2, 27: iniquum locum, Auct. B. Alex. 76, 2; id. B. Hisp. 24, 3:

collem,

to go up, mount, climb, scale, Hirt. B. G. 8, 15:

consules utrimque aciem subeuntium jam muros adgrediuntur,

Liv. 7, 12, 3:

muros,

id. 27, 18:

impositum saxis Anxur,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 25:

si subeuntur prospera castra,

Juv. 16, 2 et saep.:

perfurit, Fadumque Herbesumque subit,

comes up to, attacks, assails, Verg. A. 9, 344; cf.:

interim fallendus est judex et variis artibus subeundus,

Quint. 4, 5, 5:

precibus commota Tonantem Juno subit,

approaches, Stat. Th. 9, 510:

subit ille minantem,

id. ib. 8, 84:

Aeneae mucronem,

Verg. A. 10, 798:

qui procul hostium conspectu subibant aquam,

Curt. 4, 13, 10:

Hispo subit juvenes, i. e. paedicat,

Juv. 2, 50.—

Of things:

umbra subit terras,

Ov. M. 11, 61:

quos (lucos) aquae subeunt et aurae,

enter, Hor. C. 3, 4, 8:

montes Trasimenus,

Liv. 22, 4, 2:

litora pelagus, Mel. praef. 2: mare quod Ciliciam subit,

Curt. 7, 3, 19:

radices (petrae) Indus amnis subit,

id. 8, 11, 7:

clarus subit Alba Latinum,

succeeds, Ov. M. 14, 612 (al. clarus subit ecce Latinum Epytus); cf. id. ib. 1, 114:

furcas subiere columnae,

come into the place of, succeed, id. ib. 8, 700:

aqua subit altitudinem exortus sui,

rises to, reaches, Plin. 31, 6, 31, § 57:

lunamque deficere cum aut terram subiret aut sole premeretur,

Curt. 4, 10, 5.—

In partic., to approach secretly, to steal upon or into (cf. supra, I. A. 2.):

multi Nomine divorum thalamos subiere pudicos,

Ov. M. 3, 282:

subit furtim lumina fessa sopor,

id. H. 19, 56.—

Trop.

In gen. (very rare):

sera deinde poenitentia subiit regem,

came upon, overtook, Curt. 3, 2, 19.—

In partic.

To come into, enter, occur to one's mind (cf. supra, I. B. 2.):

deinde cogitatio animum subiit, indignum esse, etc.,

Liv. 36, 20:

ut beneficiorum memoria subiret animos patrum,

id. 37, 49, 3:

spes animum subibat deflagrare iras vestras posse,

id. 40, 8, 9:

otiosum animum aliae cogitationes,

Quint. 11, 2, 33:

majora intellectu animos non subibunt,

id. 1, 2, 28:

mentem subit, quo praemia facto, etc.,

Ov. M. 12, 472; 7, 170:

subit ergo regem verecundia,

Curt. 5, 2, 15:

me recordantem miseratio,

Plin. Ep. 3, 7, 10: feminas voluptas, id. Pan. 22, 3:

horum cogitatio subibat exercitum,

Curt. 7, 1, 4.—

To follow in speech, interrupt, answer (post - class. and rare):

dicturum plura parentem Voce subis,

Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 352:

subit ille loquentem talibus,

id. Cons. Mall. Theod. 173; id. Rapt. Pros. 3, 133.—

(The figure taken from stooping under a load, under blows, etc.) To subject one's self to, take upon one's self an evil; to undergo, submit to, sustain, endure, suffer it (class.;

a favorite expression of Cic.): omnes terrores periculaque omnia succurram atque subibo,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 31:

omnia tela intenta in patriam subire atque excipere,

id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23; cf.:

quis est non ultro appetendus, subeundus, excipiendus dolor?

id. Tusc. 2, 5, 14:

subire vim atque injuriam,

id. Prov. Cons. 17, 41:

inimicitiae sunt: subeantur,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 71, § 182:

maximas rei publicae tempestates,

id. Mur. 2, 4:

invidiam, pericula, tempestates,

id. Fam. 15, 4, 12:

nefarias libidinum contumelias turpitudinesque,

id. Pis. 35, 86:

potentiam, victoriam,

id. Fam. 6, 1, 6:

contumeliarum verbera,

id. Rep. 1, 5, 9:

majora Verbera,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 120:

non praecipuam, sed parem cum ceteris fortunae condicionem,

Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 7:

fortunam,

id. Fam. 14, 5, 1:

judicium multitudinis imperitae,

id. Fl. 1, 2:

odium eorum,

id. Att. 11, 17, 2:

usum omnium,

id. de Or. 1, 34, 157:

aliquid invidiae aut criminis,

id. N. D. 3, 1, 3:

quemque casum,

id. Att. 8, 1, 3:

quamvis carnificinam,

id. Tusc. 5, 27, 78:

dupli poenam,

id. Off. 3, 16, 65:

legis vim,

id. Caecin. 34, 100:

summae crudelitatis famam,

id. Cat. 4, 6, 12; cf.:

minus sermonis,

id. Att. 11, 6, 2:

poenam exsilii,

Val. Max. 6, 5, 3:

simultates,

Plin. Ep. 2, 18, 5:

offensas,

id. ib. 13, 9, 26:

periculum,

Vulg. 2 Macc. 11, 7:

jam tum peregrinos ritus novā subeunte fortunā,

Curt. 4, 6, 29. —With inf., to attempt, try, undertake:

adversa tela pellere,

Stat. S. 5, 2, 105:

clavum torquere,

Claud. Cons. Mall. Theod. 46.— Hence, sŭbĭtus, a, um, P. a., that has come on suddenly or unexpectedly, i. e. sudden, unexpected (freq. and class.; cf.:

repens, improvisus): res subita,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 23:

in rebus tam subitis,

Cic. Fam. 10, 16, 2:

maris subita tempestas,

id. Tusc. 3, 22, 52:

subita et improvisa formido,

id. Prov. Cons. 18, 43:

laetitia, etc.,

Auct. Her. 1, 8, 13:

subita pugna, non praeparata,

Quint. 7, 1, 35:

ut sunt Gallorum subita et repentina consilia,

Caes. B. G. 3, 8:

novae rei ac subitae admiratio,

Liv. 2, 2:

bellum,

Caes. B. G. 3, 7:

incursiones hostium,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 11:

ministeria belli,

Liv. 4, 27:

imbres,

Lucr. 5, 216:

vis,

id. 1, 286; 4, 1210:

res,

id. 6, 1282:

mors,

Quint. 7, 2, 14:

casus,

id. 10, 3, 3; Suet. Aug. 73:

tristia,

Val. Max. 1, 6, 12:

silentium,

Quint. 12, 5, 3: miles, hastily collected (opp. vetus expertusque;

syn. subitarius),

Tac. H. 4, 76; cf.:

aqua mulsa subita ac recens (opp. inveterata),

Plin. 22, 24, 51, § 110: imagines non subitae, not newly sprung up, i. e. old, ancient, Plin. Ep. 8, 10, 3:

homo,

rash, Cic. Pis. Fragm. 5: clivi, sudden, i. e. steep, Stat. Th. 6, 258.—Esp., = subito (post-Aug.):

non percussor ille subitus erumpet?

Quint. 6, 2, 31; so,

manūs dux Trapezuntem subitus irrupit,

Tac. H. 3, 47:

subitum inopinatumque venisse,

Plin. Ep. 1, 13, 3:

evadere,

Flor. 4, 2, 59.—

As subst.: sŭbĭtum, i. n., a sudden or unexpected thing, a sudden occurrence, etc.:

Lesbonicum foras evocate: ita subitum'st, propere eum conventum volo,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 51; cf.:

subitum est ei remigrare,

Cic. Fam. 13, 2:

si tibi subiti nihil est,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 36:

in subito,

Plin. 7, 44, 45, § 143.—In plur.:

ut subitis ex tempore occurrant,

Quint. 10, 7, 30; cf.:

etiam fortes viros subitis terreri,

Tac. A. 15, 59:

quamvis non deficeretur ad subita extemporali facultate,

Suet. Aug. 84:

si repentina ac subita dominantur,

Sen. Ep. 16, 6: sive meditata sive subita proferret, whether he spoke after deliberation or off-hand, Plin. Ep. 1, 16, 2.—With gen.:

ad subita rerum,

Liv. 9, 43:

ad subita belli,

id. 6, 32; 25, 15, 20; Flor. 1, 1, 11.—

Adverb., suddenly, unexpectedly:

per subitum erumpit clamor,

Sil. 10, 505; so,

per subitum,

id. 7, 594; 8, 628; 12, 654; 14, 330; 15, 145;

15, 404: in subitum,

id. 7, 527: ad subitum, Cassiod. Var. praef. med. —Hence, adv.: sŭbĭtō, suddenly, unexpectedly (freq. and class.; cf.: repente, extemplo, ilico): ut subito, ut propere, ut valide tonuit! Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 10; cf. id. Curc. 2, 3, 4:

nova res subito mihi haec objecta est,

id. Ps. 2, 2, 7:

ita abripuit repente sese subito,

id. Mil. 2, 2, 21:

subito tanta te impendent mala,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 2:

cum tot bella subito atque improviso nascantur,

Cic. Font. 19, 42:

ex oculis subito fugit,

Verg. G. 4, 499:

cum subito ecce,

Cic. Caecin. 10, 30:

ut subito nostras Hymen cantatus ad aures Venit,

Ov. H. 12, 137; Curt. 9, 9, 19:

subito deficere,

Quint. 7, 2, 14:

quod serenā nocte subito candens et plena luna defecisset,

Cic. Rep. 1, 15, 23:

tantus subito timor omnem exercitum occupavit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 39:

subito opprimi,

Liv. 41, 3:

si vespertinus subito te oppresserit hospes,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 17 et. saep.:

subito dicere,

without preparation, extempore, Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 150:

quod vox et gestus subito sumi non potest,

id. ib. 1, 59, 252:

neque potest quisquam nostrum subito fingi,

id. Sull. 25, 69:

aliquid subito ex tempore conjectura explicare,

id. Div. 1, 33, 72; so,

dicere,

Quint. 10, 3, 30; 11, 3, 12:

inventa (opp. domo allata),

id. 4, 5, 4:

cum subito evaserunt,

Col. 9, 9, 3:

tam subito copias contrahere non potuit,

so quickly, Nep. Dat. 7, 3.

1)

а) ставить, расставлять, размещать, располагать (saxa atque materiam Q; simulacrum Victoriae ante Minervam Cs)

б) расквартировывать ( exercitum in provinciam hiemandi gratiā Sl); выстраивать ( aciem triplicem bAfr); поселять ( Bojos in finibus suis Cs)

2) вкладывать, помещать

3) ставить, воздвигать (statuam Q; moenia Vtr; tabernaculum in Campo Martio C)

4) проводить ( adulescentiam suam in voluptatibus C)

5) пристроить, выдать замуж (filiam alicui in matrimonium C etc. и in matrimonio Pl, Dig; sorores nuptum in alias civitates Cs)

6) устраивать, приводить в порядок (rem militarem C; chlamydem, ut pendeat apte, c. O)

7) уложить, убить ( hastā sues M)

8) мед. вставлять на место, вправлять ( maxillam in sedem suam CC)

1)

а) нести, таскать (onus Vr; saxa in muros L); носить (arma V; vestem Lcr; clavam dextrā manu Nep; barbam, crines V, O)

б) перен. иметь (cornua fronte O; animum muliebrem Enn; similitudĭnem alicujus C)

2) носить в себе, питать, чувствовать (inimicitias C; odium in aliquem L)

3) представлять, изображать, играть роль (g. persōnam alicujus C)

4) приносить, производить на свет, порождать (terra gerit fructūs Vr; insula — sc. Sicilia — gessit Empedoclem Lcr)

5) вести (bellum, rem, negotium C, L etc.)

6) совершать ( res magnas Nep)

7) командовать, начальствовать ( eo cornu Nep); сражаться

8) выполнять, ведать, занимать пост (g. munus, consulātum, magistratum, praetūram C, L etc.); управлять, руководить (g. rem publicam C; comitia C)

9) проводить время, жить (g. aetatem cum aliquo Sulpicius ap. C)

1) висеть (над чём-л.), свисать (saxum impendet Tantalo C; montes impendentes C; saxa, quae impendent mare — acc. Lcr)

2) предстоять, угрожать (aliquid impendet alicui, aliquem или in aliquem Ter etc.)

1)

а) бросать, швырять ( navem H); метать (saxa Enn; hastas C; fulmĭna O); сбрасывать, низвергать (aliquid de или e muro Cs, QC); качать, трясти

б) потрясать, размахивать ( facem O); махать (brachia Lcr, O); жестикулировать (j. se C; manūs Prp, O)

2)

а) направлять ( lumĭna in vultum alicujus O); отбрасывать ( arma L); сбрасывать, свергать ( jugum J); закидывать ( rete Dig); разбрасывать, рассеивать ( semĭna O); посылать (basia Ph, J); наносить ( vulnĕra V); распространять ( odōrem V); расточать (verba O; pecunias suas Dig); произносить (minas C; maledictionem C; probra in aliquem L)

б) испускать, излучать ( lucem de corpore Lcr); издавать ( voces V)

3) касаться, упоминать, постоянно обсуждать, беспрестанно говорить (aliquid in senatu, sermonibus L; in contione C)

4) превозносить, восхвалять (aliquem beatum j. H); хвалиться, хвастаться (j. aliquid Cs, H, O, Ph etc.; se j. aliquā re L или in, de aliquā re C; alicujus rei Hier)

5) se j. или pass. jactari вести (держать) себя (immoderate, magnifĭce C)

6) se j. или pass. jactari колебаться

7) беспокоить, тревожить, мучить ( jactari multis injuriis C)

8) se j. или pass. jactari заниматься, предаваться (se j. aliquā re L или in aliquā re C)

9)

1) гнать (перед собой), погонять, выгонять (pecus pastum L; oves in pabulum Vr); толкать вперёд, подталкивать, подгонять ( navem remis C); сбрасывать, сваливать ( saxa in aliquem QC); отгонять, отбивать, отражать ( hostem a castris L); изгонять ( alitem nido Col)

2) предупреждать, предотвращать ( frigus duramque famem H)

3) побуждать, вынуждать (aliquem ad aliquid T)

4) опрокидывать, рушить (crates pro munitione objectas Cs; urbem VF)

1) поворачивать ( alicui collum L); направлять, обращать (oculos ad aliquid V)

2) заворачивать, обёртывать ( vestem circum bracchia T)

3)

а) вращать ( axem umĕro torquet Atlas V)

б) ворочать, катить ( saxa V)

4) отворачивать ( aures ab obscēnis sermonibus H)

5)

а) крутить, скручивать, прясть (stamĭna pollĭce O; aurea pensa Pt — см. pensum 2.)

б) завивать ( capillos ferro O); вить, свивать

6) сгибать, гнуть ( taxos in arcūs V); кривить, искривлять ( ora V)

7) скручивать члены, истязать, пытать, мучить (aliquem eculeo C; corpus suum Sen)

8) терзать, мучить, беспокоить ( memoriā malorum torqueri C)

9)

а) подвергать испытанию, испытывать ( aliquem mero H)

б) исследовать ( torqueatur vita Sullae C)

10) взбивать ( spumas V)

11) искажать, извращать ( jus omne C)

12) метать, бросать с размаху (jaculum in hostem V, O; fulmĭna V). — см. тж. tortus I

ad-verto (archaic advor-), ti, sum, 3, v. a., to turn a thing to or toward a place (in this signif., without animus; mostly poet.; syn.: observare, animadvertere, videre, cognoscere).

Lit.

In gen., with in or dat.:

illa sese huc advorterat in hanc nostram plateam,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 51:

in quamcunque domus lumina partem,

Ov. M. 6, 180; cf. id. ib. 8, 482:

malis numen,

Verg. A. 4, 611:

huc aures, huc, quaeso, advertite sensus,

Sil. 16, 213; cf. id. 6, 105.—

Esp., a naut. t. t., to turn, direct, steer a ship to a place:

classem in portum,

Liv. 37, 9 Drak.:

terrae proras,

Verg. A. 7, 35; id. G. 4, 117 al.:

Colchos puppim,

Ov. H. 12, 23.— Absol.:

profugi advertere coloni,

landed, Sil. 1, 288;

hence also transf. to other things: aequore cursum,

Verg. A. 7, 196:

pedem ripae,

id. ib. 6, 386:

urbi agmen,

id. ib. 12, 555: adverti with acc. poet. for verti ad:

Scythicas advertitur oras,

Ov. M. 5, 649 (cf. adducor litora remis, id. ib. 3, 598, and Rudd. II. p. 327).

Fig.

Animum (in the poets and Livy also animos, rarely mentem) advertere; absol., or with adv. or ad aliquid, or alicui rei, to direct the mind, thoughts, or attention to a thing, to advert to, give attention to, attend to, to heed, observe, remark:

si voles advortere animum, Enn. ap. Var. L. L. 7, § 89 Müll. (Trag. v. 386 Vahl.): facete advortis animum tuum ad animum meum,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 39:

nunc huc animum advortite ambo,

id. ib. 3, 1, 169:

advertunt animos ad religionem,

Lucr. 3, 54:

monitis animos advertite nostris,

Ov. M. 15, 140:

animum etiam levissimis rebus adverterent,

Tac. A. 13, 49.—With ne, when the object of attention is expressed:

ut animum advertant, ne quos offendant,

Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68:

adverterent animos, ne quid novi tumultūs oriretur,

Liv. 4, 45.—

Animum advertere, to observe a thing by directing the mind to it, to observe, to notice, to remark, to perceive (in the class. period contracted to animadvertere, q. v.).—Constr. with two accusatives, animum advertere aliquid (where aliquid may be regarded as depending on the prep. in comp., Roby, § 1118, or on animum advertere, considered as one idea, to observe), with acc. and inf., or rel. clause (the first mode of construction, most frequent with the pronouns id, hoc, illud, etc., is for the most part ante-class., and appears in Caes., Cic., and Sall. as an archaism):

et hoc animum advorte,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 43:

hanc edictionem,

id. ib. 1, 2, 10:

haec animum te advertere par est,

Lucr. 2, 125:

animum adverti columellam e dumis eminentem,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 65; id. Inv. 2, 51, 153:

Postquam id animum advertit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 24; 4, 12:

quidam Ligus animum advortit inter saxa repentīs cocleas,

Sall. J. 93, 2. In Vitruv. once with hinc:

ut etiam possumus hinc animum advertere,

as we can hence perceive, Vitr. 10, 22, 262.—With the acc. and inf.:

postquam tantopere id vos velle animum advorteram,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 16:

animum advertit magnas esse copiashostium instructas,

Caes. B. G. 5, 18: cum animum adverteret locum relictum esse, Auct. B. Alex. 31; ib. 46.—With the rel. clause: nunc quam rem vitio dent, quaeso, animum advortite, Ter. And. prol. 8: quid ille sperare possit, animum adverte, Dolab. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9:

quam multarum rerum ipse ignarus esset... animum advertit,

Liv. 24, 48. Sometimes advertere alone = animum advertere; so once in Cicero's letters: nam advertebatur Pompeii familiares assentiri Volcatio, Fam. 1, 1 (although here, as well as almost everywhere, the readings fluctuate between advertere and animadvertere; cf. Orell. ad h. l.; animadvertebatur, B. and K.). So Verg. in the imp.:

qua ratione quod instat, Confieri possit, paucis, adverte, docebo,

attend! Verg. A. 4, 115.—In the histt., esp. Tac. and Pliny, more frequently:

donec advertit Tiberius,

Tac. A. 4, 54:

Zenobiam advertere pastores,

id. ib. 12, 51:

advertere quosdam cultu externo in sedibus senatorum,

id. ib. 13, 54:

quotiens novum aliquid adverterat,

id. ib. 15, 30 al.:

hirudo quam sanguisugam appellari adverto,

Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 29:

ut multos adverto credidisse,

id. 2, 67, 67, § 168. Still more rarely, advertere animo:

animis advertite vestris,

Verg. A. 2, 712:

hanc scientiam ad nostros pervenisse animo adverto,

Plin. 25, 2, 3, § 5; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 4, 27, 8.—

To draw or turn something, esp. the attention of another, to or upon one's self (in the histt.):

gemitus ac planctus militum aures oraque advertere,

Tac. A. 1, 41:

octo aquilae imperatorem advertere,

id. ib. 2, 17: recentia veteraque odia advertit, drew them on himself, id. ib. 4, 21 al.—

To call the attention of one to a definite act, i. e. to admonish of it, to urge to it (cf. II. A.):

non docet admonitio, sed advertit,

i. e. directs attention, Sen. Ep. 94:

advertit ea res Vespasiani animum, ut, etc.,

Tac. H. 3, 48.—

Advertere in aliquem, for the more usual animadvertere in aliquem, to attend to one, i. e. to punish one (only in Tac.):

in P. Marcium consules more prisco advertere,

Tac. A. 2, 32:

ut in reliquos Sejani liberos adverteretur,

id. ib. 5, 9 (cf. id. Germ. 7, 3: animadvertere).—Hence,

adversus (archaic advor-), a, um, P. a., turned to or toward a thing, with the face or front toward, standing over against, opposite, before, in front of (opp. aversus).

In gen.:

solem adversum intueri,

Cic. Somn. Scip. 5:

Iris... Mille trahens varios adverso sole colores,

Verg. A. 4, 701; id. G. 1, 218:

antipodes adversis vestigiis stant contra nostra vestigia,

Cic. Ac. 2, 39: dentes adversi acuti ( the sharp front teeth) morsu dividunt escas, Cic. N. D. 2, 54:

quod is collis, tantum adversus in latitudinem patebat, quantum etc.,

Caes. B. G. 2, 8 Herz. So, hostes adversi, who make front against one advancing or retreating, id. ib. 2, 24:

L. Cotta legatus in adversum os fundā vulneratur,

in front, Caes. B. G. 5, 35; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 1; Liv. 21, 7 fin. al.; hence, vulnus adversum, a wound in front (on the contr., vulnus aversum, a wound in the back), Cic. Har. Resp. 19:

adversis vulneribus,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 35, 4:

judicibus cicatrices adversas ostendere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 28:

cicatrices populus Romanus aspiceret adverso corpore exceptas,

id. Verr. 5, 3:

impetus hostium adversos, Auct. B. Alex. 8: Romani advorso colle evadunt,

ascend the hill in front, Sall. J. 52:

adversa signa,

Liv. 30, 8:

legiones quas Visellius et C. Silius adversis itineribus objecerant,

i. e. marches in which they went to meet the enemy, Tac. A. 3, 42: sed adverso fulgure ( by a flash of lightning falling directly before him) pavefactus est Nero, Suet. Ner. 48:

armenta egit Hannibal in adversos montes,

Quint. 2, 17, 19; cf. Lucr. 3, 1013; so Hor. S. 1, 1, 103; 2, 3, 205:

qui timet his adversa,

the opposite of this, id. Ep. 1, 6, 9 al. —Hence, of rivers: flumine adverso, up the stream, against the stream:

in adversum flumen contendere,

Lucr. 4, 423:

adverso feruntur flumine,

id. 6, 720; so Verg. G. 1, 201:

adverso amne,

Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 33;

adverso Tiberi subvehi,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 22, 3 (opp. to secundā aquā, down stream, with the stream:

rate in secundam aquam labente,

Liv. 21, 47, 3); and of winds, opposed to a vessel's course, head winds, contrary winds, consequently unfavorable, adverse:

navigationes adversis ventis praecluduntur, Auct. B. Alex. 8: adversissimi navigantibus venti,

Caes. B. C. 3, 107.— Subst.: adversum, i, the opposite: hic ventus a septentrionibus oriens adversum tenet Athenis proficiscentibus, [p. 50] holds the opposite to those sailing from Athens, i. e. blows against them, Nep. Milt. 1 (so Nipperdey; but v. Hand, Turs. I. p. 183). — Adv.: ex adverso, also written exadverso and exadversum, opposite to, over against, ek tou enantiou:

portus ex adverso urbi positus,

Liv. 45, 10.—With gen.:

Patrae ex adverso Aetoliae et fluminis Eveni,

Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 11.—Without case:

cum ex adverso starent classes,

Just. 2, 14; so Suet. Caes. 39; Tib. 33.—In adversum, to the opposite side, against:

et duo in adversum immissi per moenia currus,

against each other, Prop. 3, 9, 23; so Gell. 2, 30; cf. Verg. A. 8, 237;

in adversum Romani subiere,

Liv. 1, 12; 7, 23.—

In hostile opposition to, adverse to, unfavorable, unpropitious (opp. secundus; frequent and class.): conqueri fortunam adversam, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 50:

hic dies pervorsus atque advorsus mihi obtigit,

Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 1:

advorsus nemini,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 37:

mentes improborum mihi infensae et adversae,

Cic. Sull. 10:

acclamatio,

id. de Or. 2, 83: adversā avi aliquid facere, vet. poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 16:

adversis auspiciis,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 64, 6:

adversum omen,

Suet. Vit. 8:

adversissima auspicia,

id. Oth. 8: adversae res, misfortune, calamity, adverse fortune:

ut adversas res, sic secundas immoderate ferre levitatis est,

Cic. Off. 1, 26; cf.:

adversi casus,

Nep. Dat. 5:

adversae rerum undae,

a sea of troubles, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 22: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 9 (the sup. is found also in Cæs. B. C. 3, 107):

quae magistratus ille dicet, secundis auribus, quae ab nostrum quo dicentur, adversis accipietis?

Liv. 6, 40:

adversus annus frugibus,

id. 4, 12:

valetudo adversa,

i. e. sickness, id. 10, 32:

adversum proelium,

an unsuccessful engagement, id. 7, 29; cf.

8, 31: adverso rumore esse,

to be in bad repute, to have a bad reputation, Tac. Ann. 14, 11:

adversa subsellia,

on which the opposition sit, Quint. 6, 1, 39.—Sometimes met. of feeling, contrary to, hated, hateful, odious:

quīs omnia regna advorsa sint,

Sall. J. 83; cf. Luc. 2, 229 Bentl.— Comp.:

neque est aliud adversius,

Plin. 32, 4, 14, § 35.—

* Adv.: adver-sē, self-contradictorily, Gell. 3, 16.— ad-versum, i, subst., esp. in the plur. adversa, misfortune, calamity, disaster, adversity, evil, mischief:

advorsa ejus per te tecta sient,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 28:

nihil adversi,

Cic. Brut. 1, 4:

si quid adversi accidisset,

Nep. Alc. 8; cf. Liv. 22, 40; 35, 13:

secunda felices, adversa magnos probant,

Plin. Pan. 31;

esp. freq. in Tac.: prospera et adversa pop. Rom., Ann. 1, 1: adversa tempestatum et fluctuum,

id. Agr. 25; so id. A. 3, 24; 45; 2, 69; 4, 13 al.— Subst.: adversus, i, m., an opponent, adversary (rare):

multosque mortalīs ea causa advorsos habeo,

Sall. C. 52, 7.—In Quint. also once ad-versa, ae, f., subst., a female opponent or adversary: natura noverca fuerit, si facultatem dicendi sociam scelerum, adversam innocentiae, invenit, 12, 1, 2.—

In rhet., opposed to another of the same genus, e. g. sapientia and stultitia: “Haec quae ex eodem genere contraria sunt, appellantur adversa,” Cic. Top. 11.

adversus or adversum (archaic advor-) (like rursus and rursum, prorsus and prorsum, quorsus and quorsum), adv. and prep., denoting direction to or toward an object (syn.: contra, in with acc., ad, erga).

Adv.: opposite to, against, to, or toward a thing, in a friendly or hostile sense:

ibo advorsum,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 29:

facito, ut venias advorsum mihi,

id. Men. 2, 3, 82:

obsecro te, matri ne quid tuae advorsus fuas, Liv. And. ap. Non. s. v. fuam, 111, 12 (Trag. Rel. p. 3 Rib.): quis hic est, qui advorsus it mihi?

Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 22:

adversus resistere,

Nep. Pelop. 1, 3:

nemo adversus ibat,

Liv. 37, 13, 8 al. In Plaut. and Ter. advorsum ire, or venire, to go to meet; also of a slave, to go to meet his master and bring him from a place (hence adversitor, q. v.):

solus nunc eo advorsum hero ex plurimis servis,

Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 23:

ei advorsum venimus,

id. ib. 4, 2, 32; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 2 Ruhnk.—

Prep. with acc., toward or against, in a friendly or a hostile sense.

In a friendly sense.

Of place, turned to or toward, opposite to, before, facing, over against: qui cotidie unguentatus adversum speculum ornetur, before the mirror, Scipio ap. Gell. 7, 12:

adversus advocatos,

Liv. 45, 7, 5:

medicus debet residere illustri loco adversus aegrum,

opposite to the patient, Cels. 3, 6:

adversus Scyllam vergens in Italiam,

Plin. 3, 8, 14, § 87:

Lerina, adversum Antipolim,

id. 3, 5, 11, § 79.—

In the presence of any one, before:

egone ut te advorsum mentiar, mater mea?

Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9: idque gratum fuisse advorsum te habeo gratiam, I am thankful that this is acceptable before ( to) thee, Ter. And. 1, 1, 15: paululum adversus praesentem fortitudinem mollitus, somewhat softened at such firmness (of his wife), Tac. A. 15, 63.—Hence very often with verbs of speaking, answering, complaining, etc., to declare or express one's self to any one, to excuse one's self or apologize, and the like: te oportet hoc proloqui advorsum illam mihi, Enn. ap. Non. 232, 24 (Trag. v. 385 Vahl.):

immo si audias, quae dicta dixit me advorsum tibi,

what he told me of you, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 47: de vita ac morte domini fabulavere advorsum fratrem illius, Afran. ap. Non. 232, 25:

mulier, credo, advorsum illum res suas conqueritur,

Titin. ib. 232, 21:

utendum est excusatione etiam adversus eos, quos invitus offendas,

Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68; Tac. A. 3, 71.— With that to which a reply is made, to (= ad):

adversus ea consul... respondit,

Liv. 4, 10, 12; 22, 40, 1; cf. Drak. ad 3, 57, 1.—

In comparison, as if one thing were held toward, set against, or before another (v. ad, I. D. 4.); against, in comparison with, compared to:

repente lectus adversus veterem imperatorem comparabitur,

will be compared with, Liv. 24, 8, 8:

quid autem esse duo prospera bella Samnitium adversus tot decora populi Rom.,

id. 7, 32, 8.—

Of demeanor toward one, to, toward:

quonam modo me gererem adversus Caesarem,

Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 11:

te adversus me omnia audere gratum est,

i. e. on my account, on my behalf, for my advantage, id. ib. 9, 22, 15:

lentae adversum imperia aures,

Tac. A. 1, 65.—Esp. often of friendly feeling, love, esteem, respect toward or for one (cf. Ruhnk. ad Ter. And. 4, 1, 15; Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 9, 22; Heusing. ad Cic. Off. 1, 11, 1;

Hab. Syn. 49): est enim pietas justitia adversus deos,

Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 116; id. Off. 3, 6, 28:

adhibenda est igitur quaedam reverentia adversus homines,

id. ib. 1, 28, 99 Beier:

sunt quaedam officia adversus eos servanda, a quibus injuriam acceperis,

id. ib. 1, 11, 33:

adversus merita ingratissimus,

Vell. 2, 69, 5:

summa adversus alios aequitas erat,

Liv. 3, 33, 8:

ob egregiam fidem adversus Romanos,

id. 29, 8, 2; so id. 45, 8, 4 al.:

beneficentiā adversus supplices utendum,

Tac. A. 11, 17.— More rarely

of the general relation of an object or act to a person or thing (v. ad, I. D. 1.), in relation, in respect, or in regard to a thing:

epistula, ut adversus magistrum morum, modestior,

as addressed to a censor of manners, Cic. Fam. 3, 13, 8:

quasi adversus eos acquieverit sententiae,

in regard to the same, Dig. 49, 1; 3, 1.—

In a hostile sense, against (the most usual class. signif. of this word): “Contra et adversus ita differunt, quod contra, ad locum, ut: contra basilicam; adversus, ad animi motum, ut: adversus illum facio; interdum autem promiscue accipitur,” Charis. p. 207 P.; cf. Cort. ad Sall. J. 101, 8:

advorsum legem accepisti a plurimis pecuniam,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 48:

advorsum te fabulare illud,

against thy interest, to thy disadvantage, id. Stich. 4, 2, 11:

stultus est advorsus aetatem et capitis canitudinem, id. ap. Fest. s. v. canitudinem, p. 47: advorsum animi tui libidinem,

Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 19:

adversum leges, adversum rem publicam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 195:

respondebat, SI PARET, ADVERSUM EDICTUM FECISSE,

id. ib. 2, 3, 28, §

69: me adversus populum Romanum possem defendere,

id. Phil. 1, 13 al. —In the histt., of a hostile attack, approach, etc.:

gladiis districtis impetum adversus montem in cohortes faciunt,

Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

adversus se non esse missos exercitus,

Liv. 3, 66:

bellum adversum Xerxem moret,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 24, 3:

copiis quibus usi adversus Romanum bellum,

Liv. 8, 2, 5:

adversus vim atque injuriam pugnantes,

id. 26, 25, 10 al.:

T. Quintius adversus Gallos missus est,

Eutr. 2, 2: Athenienses adversus tantam tempestatem belli duos duces deligunt, Just. 3, 6, 12 al.—Among physicians, of preventives against sickness, against (v. ad, I. A. 2.):

adversus profusionem in his auxilium est,

Cels. 5, 26; 6, 27 al.:

frigidus jam artus et cluso corpore adversum vim veneni,

Tac. A. 15, 64.— Trop.:

egregium adversus tempestates receptaculum,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 4; so id. ib. 2, 15, 36.—Hence: firmus, invictus, fortis adversus aliquid (like contra), protected against a thing, firm, fixed, secure:

advorsum divitias animum invictum gerebat,

Sall. J. 43, 5:

invictus adversum gratiam animus,

Tac. A. 15, 21:

adversus convicia malosque rumores firmus ac patiens,

Suet. Tib. 28:

Adversus omnes fortis feras canis,

Phaedr. 5, 10, 1; and in opp. sense: infirmus, inferior adversus aliquid, powerless against, unequal to:

fama, infirmissimum adversus vivos fortes telum,

Curt. 4, 14:

infirmus adversum pecuniam,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 9, 6:

inferior adversus laborem,

id. Epit. 40, 20.

Adversus is rarely put after the word which it governs:

egone ut te advorsum mentiar,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9:

hunc adversus,

Nep. Con. 2, 2; id. Tim. 4, 3:

quos advorsum ierat,

Sall. J. 101, 8.—

It sometimes suffers tmesis:

Labienum ad Oceanum versus proficisci jubet,

Caes. B. G. 6, 33:

animadvortit fugam ad se vorsum fieri,

Sall. J. 58:

animum advortere ad se vorsum exercitum pergere,

id. ib. 69: ad Cordubam versus iter facere coepit, Auct. B. Hisp. 10 and 11; cf. in-versus:

in Galliam vorsus castra movere,

Sall. C. 56; Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12; Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 78; the Eng. to-ward: to us ward, Psa. 40, 5; and the Gr. eis-de: eis halade, Hom. Od. 10, 351.

ad-verto (archaic advor-), ti, sum, 3, v. a., to turn a thing to or toward a place (in this signif., without animus; mostly poet.; syn.: observare, animadvertere, videre, cognoscere).

Lit.

In gen., with in or dat.:

illa sese huc advorterat in hanc nostram plateam,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 51:

in quamcunque domus lumina partem,

Ov. M. 6, 180; cf. id. ib. 8, 482:

malis numen,

Verg. A. 4, 611:

huc aures, huc, quaeso, advertite sensus,

Sil. 16, 213; cf. id. 6, 105.—

Esp., a naut. t. t., to turn, direct, steer a ship to a place:

classem in portum,

Liv. 37, 9 Drak.:

terrae proras,

Verg. A. 7, 35; id. G. 4, 117 al.:

Colchos puppim,

Ov. H. 12, 23.— Absol.:

profugi advertere coloni,

landed, Sil. 1, 288;

hence also transf. to other things: aequore cursum,

Verg. A. 7, 196:

pedem ripae,

id. ib. 6, 386:

urbi agmen,

id. ib. 12, 555: adverti with acc. poet. for verti ad:

Scythicas advertitur oras,

Ov. M. 5, 649 (cf. adducor litora remis, id. ib. 3, 598, and Rudd. II. p. 327).

Fig.

Animum (in the poets and Livy also animos, rarely mentem) advertere; absol., or with adv. or ad aliquid, or alicui rei, to direct the mind, thoughts, or attention to a thing, to advert to, give attention to, attend to, to heed, observe, remark:

si voles advortere animum, Enn. ap. Var. L. L. 7, § 89 Müll. (Trag. v. 386 Vahl.): facete advortis animum tuum ad animum meum,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 39:

nunc huc animum advortite ambo,

id. ib. 3, 1, 169:

advertunt animos ad religionem,

Lucr. 3, 54:

monitis animos advertite nostris,

Ov. M. 15, 140:

animum etiam levissimis rebus adverterent,

Tac. A. 13, 49.—With ne, when the object of attention is expressed:

ut animum advertant, ne quos offendant,

Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68:

adverterent animos, ne quid novi tumultūs oriretur,

Liv. 4, 45.—

Animum advertere, to observe a thing by directing the mind to it, to observe, to notice, to remark, to perceive (in the class. period contracted to animadvertere, q. v.).—Constr. with two accusatives, animum advertere aliquid (where aliquid may be regarded as depending on the prep. in comp., Roby, § 1118, or on animum advertere, considered as one idea, to observe), with acc. and inf., or rel. clause (the first mode of construction, most frequent with the pronouns id, hoc, illud, etc., is for the most part ante-class., and appears in Caes., Cic., and Sall. as an archaism):

et hoc animum advorte,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 43:

hanc edictionem,

id. ib. 1, 2, 10:

haec animum te advertere par est,

Lucr. 2, 125:

animum adverti columellam e dumis eminentem,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 65; id. Inv. 2, 51, 153:

Postquam id animum advertit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 24; 4, 12:

quidam Ligus animum advortit inter saxa repentīs cocleas,

Sall. J. 93, 2. In Vitruv. once with hinc:

ut etiam possumus hinc animum advertere,

as we can hence perceive, Vitr. 10, 22, 262.—With the acc. and inf.:

postquam tantopere id vos velle animum advorteram,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 16:

animum advertit magnas esse copiashostium instructas,

Caes. B. G. 5, 18: cum animum adverteret locum relictum esse, Auct. B. Alex. 31; ib. 46.—With the rel. clause: nunc quam rem vitio dent, quaeso, animum advortite, Ter. And. prol. 8: quid ille sperare possit, animum adverte, Dolab. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9:

quam multarum rerum ipse ignarus esset... animum advertit,

Liv. 24, 48. Sometimes advertere alone = animum advertere; so once in Cicero's letters: nam advertebatur Pompeii familiares assentiri Volcatio, Fam. 1, 1 (although here, as well as almost everywhere, the readings fluctuate between advertere and animadvertere; cf. Orell. ad h. l.; animadvertebatur, B. and K.). So Verg. in the imp.:

qua ratione quod instat, Confieri possit, paucis, adverte, docebo,

attend! Verg. A. 4, 115.—In the histt., esp. Tac. and Pliny, more frequently:

donec advertit Tiberius,

Tac. A. 4, 54:

Zenobiam advertere pastores,

id. ib. 12, 51:

advertere quosdam cultu externo in sedibus senatorum,

id. ib. 13, 54:

quotiens novum aliquid adverterat,

id. ib. 15, 30 al.:

hirudo quam sanguisugam appellari adverto,

Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 29:

ut multos adverto credidisse,

id. 2, 67, 67, § 168. Still more rarely, advertere animo:

animis advertite vestris,

Verg. A. 2, 712:

hanc scientiam ad nostros pervenisse animo adverto,

Plin. 25, 2, 3, § 5; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 4, 27, 8.—

To draw or turn something, esp. the attention of another, to or upon one's self (in the histt.):

gemitus ac planctus militum aures oraque advertere,

Tac. A. 1, 41:

octo aquilae imperatorem advertere,

id. ib. 2, 17: recentia veteraque odia advertit, drew them on himself, id. ib. 4, 21 al.—

To call the attention of one to a definite act, i. e. to admonish of it, to urge to it (cf. II. A.):

non docet admonitio, sed advertit,

i. e. directs attention, Sen. Ep. 94:

advertit ea res Vespasiani animum, ut, etc.,

Tac. H. 3, 48.—

Advertere in aliquem, for the more usual animadvertere in aliquem, to attend to one, i. e. to punish one (only in Tac.):

in P. Marcium consules more prisco advertere,

Tac. A. 2, 32:

ut in reliquos Sejani liberos adverteretur,

id. ib. 5, 9 (cf. id. Germ. 7, 3: animadvertere).—Hence,

adversus (archaic advor-), a, um, P. a., turned to or toward a thing, with the face or front toward, standing over against, opposite, before, in front of (opp. aversus).

In gen.:

solem adversum intueri,

Cic. Somn. Scip. 5:

Iris... Mille trahens varios adverso sole colores,

Verg. A. 4, 701; id. G. 1, 218:

antipodes adversis vestigiis stant contra nostra vestigia,

Cic. Ac. 2, 39: dentes adversi acuti ( the sharp front teeth) morsu dividunt escas, Cic. N. D. 2, 54:

quod is collis, tantum adversus in latitudinem patebat, quantum etc.,

Caes. B. G. 2, 8 Herz. So, hostes adversi, who make front against one advancing or retreating, id. ib. 2, 24:

L. Cotta legatus in adversum os fundā vulneratur,

in front, Caes. B. G. 5, 35; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 1; Liv. 21, 7 fin. al.; hence, vulnus adversum, a wound in front (on the contr., vulnus aversum, a wound in the back), Cic. Har. Resp. 19:

adversis vulneribus,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 35, 4:

judicibus cicatrices adversas ostendere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 28:

cicatrices populus Romanus aspiceret adverso corpore exceptas,

id. Verr. 5, 3:

impetus hostium adversos, Auct. B. Alex. 8: Romani advorso colle evadunt,

ascend the hill in front, Sall. J. 52:

adversa signa,

Liv. 30, 8:

legiones quas Visellius et C. Silius adversis itineribus objecerant,

i. e. marches in which they went to meet the enemy, Tac. A. 3, 42: sed adverso fulgure ( by a flash of lightning falling directly before him) pavefactus est Nero, Suet. Ner. 48:

armenta egit Hannibal in adversos montes,

Quint. 2, 17, 19; cf. Lucr. 3, 1013; so Hor. S. 1, 1, 103; 2, 3, 205:

qui timet his adversa,

the opposite of this, id. Ep. 1, 6, 9 al. —Hence, of rivers: flumine adverso, up the stream, against the stream:

in adversum flumen contendere,

Lucr. 4, 423:

adverso feruntur flumine,

id. 6, 720; so Verg. G. 1, 201:

adverso amne,

Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 33;

adverso Tiberi subvehi,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 22, 3 (opp. to secundā aquā, down stream, with the stream:

rate in secundam aquam labente,

Liv. 21, 47, 3); and of winds, opposed to a vessel's course, head winds, contrary winds, consequently unfavorable, adverse:

navigationes adversis ventis praecluduntur, Auct. B. Alex. 8: adversissimi navigantibus venti,

Caes. B. C. 3, 107.— Subst.: adversum, i, the opposite: hic ventus a septentrionibus oriens adversum tenet Athenis proficiscentibus, [p. 50] holds the opposite to those sailing from Athens, i. e. blows against them, Nep. Milt. 1 (so Nipperdey; but v. Hand, Turs. I. p. 183). — Adv.: ex adverso, also written exadverso and exadversum, opposite to, over against, ek tou enantiou:

portus ex adverso urbi positus,

Liv. 45, 10.—With gen.:

Patrae ex adverso Aetoliae et fluminis Eveni,

Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 11.—Without case:

cum ex adverso starent classes,

Just. 2, 14; so Suet. Caes. 39; Tib. 33.—In adversum, to the opposite side, against:

et duo in adversum immissi per moenia currus,

against each other, Prop. 3, 9, 23; so Gell. 2, 30; cf. Verg. A. 8, 237;

in adversum Romani subiere,

Liv. 1, 12; 7, 23.—

In hostile opposition to, adverse to, unfavorable, unpropitious (opp. secundus; frequent and class.): conqueri fortunam adversam, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 50:

hic dies pervorsus atque advorsus mihi obtigit,

Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 1:

advorsus nemini,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 37:

mentes improborum mihi infensae et adversae,

Cic. Sull. 10:

acclamatio,

id. de Or. 2, 83: adversā avi aliquid facere, vet. poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 16:

adversis auspiciis,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 64, 6:

adversum omen,

Suet. Vit. 8:

adversissima auspicia,

id. Oth. 8: adversae res, misfortune, calamity, adverse fortune:

ut adversas res, sic secundas immoderate ferre levitatis est,

Cic. Off. 1, 26; cf.:

adversi casus,

Nep. Dat. 5:

adversae rerum undae,

a sea of troubles, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 22: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 9 (the sup. is found also in Cæs. B. C. 3, 107):

quae magistratus ille dicet, secundis auribus, quae ab nostrum quo dicentur, adversis accipietis?

Liv. 6, 40:

adversus annus frugibus,

id. 4, 12:

valetudo adversa,

i. e. sickness, id. 10, 32:

adversum proelium,

an unsuccessful engagement, id. 7, 29; cf.

8, 31: adverso rumore esse,

to be in bad repute, to have a bad reputation, Tac. Ann. 14, 11:

adversa subsellia,

on which the opposition sit, Quint. 6, 1, 39.—Sometimes met. of feeling, contrary to, hated, hateful, odious:

quīs omnia regna advorsa sint,

Sall. J. 83; cf. Luc. 2, 229 Bentl.— Comp.:

neque est aliud adversius,

Plin. 32, 4, 14, § 35.—

* Adv.: adver-sē, self-contradictorily, Gell. 3, 16.— ad-versum, i, subst., esp. in the plur. adversa, misfortune, calamity, disaster, adversity, evil, mischief:

advorsa ejus per te tecta sient,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 28:

nihil adversi,

Cic. Brut. 1, 4:

si quid adversi accidisset,

Nep. Alc. 8; cf. Liv. 22, 40; 35, 13:

secunda felices, adversa magnos probant,

Plin. Pan. 31;

esp. freq. in Tac.: prospera et adversa pop. Rom., Ann. 1, 1: adversa tempestatum et fluctuum,

id. Agr. 25; so id. A. 3, 24; 45; 2, 69; 4, 13 al.— Subst.: adversus, i, m., an opponent, adversary (rare):

multosque mortalīs ea causa advorsos habeo,

Sall. C. 52, 7.—In Quint. also once ad-versa, ae, f., subst., a female opponent or adversary: natura noverca fuerit, si facultatem dicendi sociam scelerum, adversam innocentiae, invenit, 12, 1, 2.—

In rhet., opposed to another of the same genus, e. g. sapientia and stultitia: “Haec quae ex eodem genere contraria sunt, appellantur adversa,” Cic. Top. 11.

adversus or adversum (archaic advor-) (like rursus and rursum, prorsus and prorsum, quorsus and quorsum), adv. and prep., denoting direction to or toward an object (syn.: contra, in with acc., ad, erga).

Adv.: opposite to, against, to, or toward a thing, in a friendly or hostile sense:

ibo advorsum,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 29:

facito, ut venias advorsum mihi,

id. Men. 2, 3, 82:

obsecro te, matri ne quid tuae advorsus fuas, Liv. And. ap. Non. s. v. fuam, 111, 12 (Trag. Rel. p. 3 Rib.): quis hic est, qui advorsus it mihi?

Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 22:

adversus resistere,

Nep. Pelop. 1, 3:

nemo adversus ibat,

Liv. 37, 13, 8 al. In Plaut. and Ter. advorsum ire, or venire, to go to meet; also of a slave, to go to meet his master and bring him from a place (hence adversitor, q. v.):

solus nunc eo advorsum hero ex plurimis servis,

Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 23:

ei advorsum venimus,

id. ib. 4, 2, 32; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 2 Ruhnk.—

Prep. with acc., toward or against, in a friendly or a hostile sense.

In a friendly sense.

Of place, turned to or toward, opposite to, before, facing, over against: qui cotidie unguentatus adversum speculum ornetur, before the mirror, Scipio ap. Gell. 7, 12:

adversus advocatos,

Liv. 45, 7, 5:

medicus debet residere illustri loco adversus aegrum,

opposite to the patient, Cels. 3, 6:

adversus Scyllam vergens in Italiam,

Plin. 3, 8, 14, § 87:

Lerina, adversum Antipolim,

id. 3, 5, 11, § 79.—

In the presence of any one, before:

egone ut te advorsum mentiar, mater mea?

Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9: idque gratum fuisse advorsum te habeo gratiam, I am thankful that this is acceptable before ( to) thee, Ter. And. 1, 1, 15: paululum adversus praesentem fortitudinem mollitus, somewhat softened at such firmness (of his wife), Tac. A. 15, 63.—Hence very often with verbs of speaking, answering, complaining, etc., to declare or express one's self to any one, to excuse one's self or apologize, and the like: te oportet hoc proloqui advorsum illam mihi, Enn. ap. Non. 232, 24 (Trag. v. 385 Vahl.):

immo si audias, quae dicta dixit me advorsum tibi,

what he told me of you, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 47: de vita ac morte domini fabulavere advorsum fratrem illius, Afran. ap. Non. 232, 25:

mulier, credo, advorsum illum res suas conqueritur,

Titin. ib. 232, 21:

utendum est excusatione etiam adversus eos, quos invitus offendas,

Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68; Tac. A. 3, 71.— With that to which a reply is made, to (= ad):

adversus ea consul... respondit,

Liv. 4, 10, 12; 22, 40, 1; cf. Drak. ad 3, 57, 1.—

In comparison, as if one thing were held toward, set against, or before another (v. ad, I. D. 4.); against, in comparison with, compared to:

repente lectus adversus veterem imperatorem comparabitur,

will be compared with, Liv. 24, 8, 8:

quid autem esse duo prospera bella Samnitium adversus tot decora populi Rom.,

id. 7, 32, 8.—

Of demeanor toward one, to, toward:

quonam modo me gererem adversus Caesarem,

Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 11:

te adversus me omnia audere gratum est,

i. e. on my account, on my behalf, for my advantage, id. ib. 9, 22, 15:

lentae adversum imperia aures,

Tac. A. 1, 65.—Esp. often of friendly feeling, love, esteem, respect toward or for one (cf. Ruhnk. ad Ter. And. 4, 1, 15; Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 9, 22; Heusing. ad Cic. Off. 1, 11, 1;

Hab. Syn. 49): est enim pietas justitia adversus deos,

Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 116; id. Off. 3, 6, 28:

adhibenda est igitur quaedam reverentia adversus homines,

id. ib. 1, 28, 99 Beier:

sunt quaedam officia adversus eos servanda, a quibus injuriam acceperis,

id. ib. 1, 11, 33:

adversus merita ingratissimus,

Vell. 2, 69, 5:

summa adversus alios aequitas erat,

Liv. 3, 33, 8:

ob egregiam fidem adversus Romanos,

id. 29, 8, 2; so id. 45, 8, 4 al.:

beneficentiā adversus supplices utendum,

Tac. A. 11, 17.— More rarely

of the general relation of an object or act to a person or thing (v. ad, I. D. 1.), in relation, in respect, or in regard to a thing:

epistula, ut adversus magistrum morum, modestior,

as addressed to a censor of manners, Cic. Fam. 3, 13, 8:

quasi adversus eos acquieverit sententiae,

in regard to the same, Dig. 49, 1; 3, 1.—

In a hostile sense, against (the most usual class. signif. of this word): “Contra et adversus ita differunt, quod contra, ad locum, ut: contra basilicam; adversus, ad animi motum, ut: adversus illum facio; interdum autem promiscue accipitur,” Charis. p. 207 P.; cf. Cort. ad Sall. J. 101, 8:

advorsum legem accepisti a plurimis pecuniam,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 48:

advorsum te fabulare illud,

against thy interest, to thy disadvantage, id. Stich. 4, 2, 11:

stultus est advorsus aetatem et capitis canitudinem, id. ap. Fest. s. v. canitudinem, p. 47: advorsum animi tui libidinem,

Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 19:

adversum leges, adversum rem publicam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 195:

respondebat, SI PARET, ADVERSUM EDICTUM FECISSE,

id. ib. 2, 3, 28, §

69: me adversus populum Romanum possem defendere,

id. Phil. 1, 13 al. —In the histt., of a hostile attack, approach, etc.:

gladiis districtis impetum adversus montem in cohortes faciunt,

Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

adversus se non esse missos exercitus,

Liv. 3, 66:

bellum adversum Xerxem moret,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 24, 3:

copiis quibus usi adversus Romanum bellum,

Liv. 8, 2, 5:

adversus vim atque injuriam pugnantes,

id. 26, 25, 10 al.:

T. Quintius adversus Gallos missus est,

Eutr. 2, 2: Athenienses adversus tantam tempestatem belli duos duces deligunt, Just. 3, 6, 12 al.—Among physicians, of preventives against sickness, against (v. ad, I. A. 2.):

adversus profusionem in his auxilium est,

Cels. 5, 26; 6, 27 al.:

frigidus jam artus et cluso corpore adversum vim veneni,

Tac. A. 15, 64.— Trop.:

egregium adversus tempestates receptaculum,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 4; so id. ib. 2, 15, 36.—Hence: firmus, invictus, fortis adversus aliquid (like contra), protected against a thing, firm, fixed, secure:

advorsum divitias animum invictum gerebat,

Sall. J. 43, 5:

invictus adversum gratiam animus,

Tac. A. 15, 21:

adversus convicia malosque rumores firmus ac patiens,

Suet. Tib. 28:

Adversus omnes fortis feras canis,

Phaedr. 5, 10, 1; and in opp. sense: infirmus, inferior adversus aliquid, powerless against, unequal to:

fama, infirmissimum adversus vivos fortes telum,

Curt. 4, 14:

infirmus adversum pecuniam,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 9, 6:

inferior adversus laborem,

id. Epit. 40, 20.

Adversus is rarely put after the word which it governs:

egone ut te advorsum mentiar,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9:

hunc adversus,

Nep. Con. 2, 2; id. Tim. 4, 3:

quos advorsum ierat,

Sall. J. 101, 8.—

It sometimes suffers tmesis:

Labienum ad Oceanum versus proficisci jubet,

Caes. B. G. 6, 33:

animadvortit fugam ad se vorsum fieri,

Sall. J. 58:

animum advortere ad se vorsum exercitum pergere,

id. ib. 69: ad Cordubam versus iter facere coepit, Auct. B. Hisp. 10 and 11; cf. in-versus:

in Galliam vorsus castra movere,

Sall. C. 56; Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12; Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 78; the Eng. to-ward: to us ward, Psa. 40, 5; and the Gr. eis-de: eis halade, Hom. Od. 10, 351.

ad-verto (archaic advor-), ti, sum, 3, v. a., to turn a thing to or toward a place (in this signif., without animus; mostly poet.; syn.: observare, animadvertere, videre, cognoscere).

Lit.

In gen., with in or dat.:

illa sese huc advorterat in hanc nostram plateam,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 51:

in quamcunque domus lumina partem,

Ov. M. 6, 180; cf. id. ib. 8, 482:

malis numen,

Verg. A. 4, 611:

huc aures, huc, quaeso, advertite sensus,

Sil. 16, 213; cf. id. 6, 105.—

Esp., a naut. t. t., to turn, direct, steer a ship to a place:

classem in portum,

Liv. 37, 9 Drak.:

terrae proras,

Verg. A. 7, 35; id. G. 4, 117 al.:

Colchos puppim,

Ov. H. 12, 23.— Absol.:

profugi advertere coloni,

landed, Sil. 1, 288;

hence also transf. to other things: aequore cursum,

Verg. A. 7, 196:

pedem ripae,

id. ib. 6, 386:

urbi agmen,

id. ib. 12, 555: adverti with acc. poet. for verti ad:

Scythicas advertitur oras,

Ov. M. 5, 649 (cf. adducor litora remis, id. ib. 3, 598, and Rudd. II. p. 327).

Fig.

Animum (in the poets and Livy also animos, rarely mentem) advertere; absol., or with adv. or ad aliquid, or alicui rei, to direct the mind, thoughts, or attention to a thing, to advert to, give attention to, attend to, to heed, observe, remark:

si voles advortere animum, Enn. ap. Var. L. L. 7, § 89 Müll. (Trag. v. 386 Vahl.): facete advortis animum tuum ad animum meum,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 39:

nunc huc animum advortite ambo,

id. ib. 3, 1, 169:

advertunt animos ad religionem,

Lucr. 3, 54:

monitis animos advertite nostris,

Ov. M. 15, 140:

animum etiam levissimis rebus adverterent,

Tac. A. 13, 49.—With ne, when the object of attention is expressed:

ut animum advertant, ne quos offendant,

Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68:

adverterent animos, ne quid novi tumultūs oriretur,

Liv. 4, 45.—

Animum advertere, to observe a thing by directing the mind to it, to observe, to notice, to remark, to perceive (in the class. period contracted to animadvertere, q. v.).—Constr. with two accusatives, animum advertere aliquid (where aliquid may be regarded as depending on the prep. in comp., Roby, § 1118, or on animum advertere, considered as one idea, to observe), with acc. and inf., or rel. clause (the first mode of construction, most frequent with the pronouns id, hoc, illud, etc., is for the most part ante-class., and appears in Caes., Cic., and Sall. as an archaism):

et hoc animum advorte,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 43:

hanc edictionem,

id. ib. 1, 2, 10:

haec animum te advertere par est,

Lucr. 2, 125:

animum adverti columellam e dumis eminentem,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 65; id. Inv. 2, 51, 153:

Postquam id animum advertit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 24; 4, 12:

quidam Ligus animum advortit inter saxa repentīs cocleas,

Sall. J. 93, 2. In Vitruv. once with hinc:

ut etiam possumus hinc animum advertere,

as we can hence perceive, Vitr. 10, 22, 262.—With the acc. and inf.:

postquam tantopere id vos velle animum advorteram,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 16:

animum advertit magnas esse copiashostium instructas,

Caes. B. G. 5, 18: cum animum adverteret locum relictum esse, Auct. B. Alex. 31; ib. 46.—With the rel. clause: nunc quam rem vitio dent, quaeso, animum advortite, Ter. And. prol. 8: quid ille sperare possit, animum adverte, Dolab. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9:

quam multarum rerum ipse ignarus esset... animum advertit,

Liv. 24, 48. Sometimes advertere alone = animum advertere; so once in Cicero's letters: nam advertebatur Pompeii familiares assentiri Volcatio, Fam. 1, 1 (although here, as well as almost everywhere, the readings fluctuate between advertere and animadvertere; cf. Orell. ad h. l.; animadvertebatur, B. and K.). So Verg. in the imp.:

qua ratione quod instat, Confieri possit, paucis, adverte, docebo,

attend! Verg. A. 4, 115.—In the histt., esp. Tac. and Pliny, more frequently:

donec advertit Tiberius,

Tac. A. 4, 54:

Zenobiam advertere pastores,

id. ib. 12, 51:

advertere quosdam cultu externo in sedibus senatorum,

id. ib. 13, 54:

quotiens novum aliquid adverterat,

id. ib. 15, 30 al.:

hirudo quam sanguisugam appellari adverto,

Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 29:

ut multos adverto credidisse,

id. 2, 67, 67, § 168. Still more rarely, advertere animo:

animis advertite vestris,

Verg. A. 2, 712:

hanc scientiam ad nostros pervenisse animo adverto,

Plin. 25, 2, 3, § 5; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 4, 27, 8.—

To draw or turn something, esp. the attention of another, to or upon one's self (in the histt.):

gemitus ac planctus militum aures oraque advertere,

Tac. A. 1, 41:

octo aquilae imperatorem advertere,

id. ib. 2, 17: recentia veteraque odia advertit, drew them on himself, id. ib. 4, 21 al.—

To call the attention of one to a definite act, i. e. to admonish of it, to urge to it (cf. II. A.):

non docet admonitio, sed advertit,

i. e. directs attention, Sen. Ep. 94:

advertit ea res Vespasiani animum, ut, etc.,

Tac. H. 3, 48.—

Advertere in aliquem, for the more usual animadvertere in aliquem, to attend to one, i. e. to punish one (only in Tac.):

in P. Marcium consules more prisco advertere,

Tac. A. 2, 32:

ut in reliquos Sejani liberos adverteretur,

id. ib. 5, 9 (cf. id. Germ. 7, 3: animadvertere).—Hence,

adversus (archaic advor-), a, um, P. a., turned to or toward a thing, with the face or front toward, standing over against, opposite, before, in front of (opp. aversus).

In gen.:

solem adversum intueri,

Cic. Somn. Scip. 5:

Iris... Mille trahens varios adverso sole colores,

Verg. A. 4, 701; id. G. 1, 218:

antipodes adversis vestigiis stant contra nostra vestigia,

Cic. Ac. 2, 39: dentes adversi acuti ( the sharp front teeth) morsu dividunt escas, Cic. N. D. 2, 54:

quod is collis, tantum adversus in latitudinem patebat, quantum etc.,

Caes. B. G. 2, 8 Herz. So, hostes adversi, who make front against one advancing or retreating, id. ib. 2, 24:

L. Cotta legatus in adversum os fundā vulneratur,

in front, Caes. B. G. 5, 35; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 1; Liv. 21, 7 fin. al.; hence, vulnus adversum, a wound in front (on the contr., vulnus aversum, a wound in the back), Cic. Har. Resp. 19:

adversis vulneribus,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 35, 4:

judicibus cicatrices adversas ostendere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 28:

cicatrices populus Romanus aspiceret adverso corpore exceptas,

id. Verr. 5, 3:

impetus hostium adversos, Auct. B. Alex. 8: Romani advorso colle evadunt,

ascend the hill in front, Sall. J. 52:

adversa signa,

Liv. 30, 8:

legiones quas Visellius et C. Silius adversis itineribus objecerant,

i. e. marches in which they went to meet the enemy, Tac. A. 3, 42: sed adverso fulgure ( by a flash of lightning falling directly before him) pavefactus est Nero, Suet. Ner. 48:

armenta egit Hannibal in adversos montes,

Quint. 2, 17, 19; cf. Lucr. 3, 1013; so Hor. S. 1, 1, 103; 2, 3, 205:

qui timet his adversa,

the opposite of this, id. Ep. 1, 6, 9 al. —Hence, of rivers: flumine adverso, up the stream, against the stream:

in adversum flumen contendere,

Lucr. 4, 423:

adverso feruntur flumine,

id. 6, 720; so Verg. G. 1, 201:

adverso amne,

Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 33;

adverso Tiberi subvehi,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 22, 3 (opp. to secundā aquā, down stream, with the stream:

rate in secundam aquam labente,

Liv. 21, 47, 3); and of winds, opposed to a vessel's course, head winds, contrary winds, consequently unfavorable, adverse:

navigationes adversis ventis praecluduntur, Auct. B. Alex. 8: adversissimi navigantibus venti,

Caes. B. C. 3, 107.— Subst.: adversum, i, the opposite: hic ventus a septentrionibus oriens adversum tenet Athenis proficiscentibus, [p. 50] holds the opposite to those sailing from Athens, i. e. blows against them, Nep. Milt. 1 (so Nipperdey; but v. Hand, Turs. I. p. 183). — Adv.: ex adverso, also written exadverso and exadversum, opposite to, over against, ek tou enantiou:

portus ex adverso urbi positus,

Liv. 45, 10.—With gen.:

Patrae ex adverso Aetoliae et fluminis Eveni,

Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 11.—Without case:

cum ex adverso starent classes,

Just. 2, 14; so Suet. Caes. 39; Tib. 33.—In adversum, to the opposite side, against:

et duo in adversum immissi per moenia currus,

against each other, Prop. 3, 9, 23; so Gell. 2, 30; cf. Verg. A. 8, 237;

in adversum Romani subiere,

Liv. 1, 12; 7, 23.—

In hostile opposition to, adverse to, unfavorable, unpropitious (opp. secundus; frequent and class.): conqueri fortunam adversam, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 50:

hic dies pervorsus atque advorsus mihi obtigit,

Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 1:

advorsus nemini,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 37:

mentes improborum mihi infensae et adversae,

Cic. Sull. 10:

acclamatio,

id. de Or. 2, 83: adversā avi aliquid facere, vet. poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 16:

adversis auspiciis,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 64, 6:

adversum omen,

Suet. Vit. 8:

adversissima auspicia,

id. Oth. 8: adversae res, misfortune, calamity, adverse fortune:

ut adversas res, sic secundas immoderate ferre levitatis est,

Cic. Off. 1, 26; cf.:

adversi casus,

Nep. Dat. 5:

adversae rerum undae,

a sea of troubles, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 22: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 9 (the sup. is found also in Cæs. B. C. 3, 107):

quae magistratus ille dicet, secundis auribus, quae ab nostrum quo dicentur, adversis accipietis?

Liv. 6, 40:

adversus annus frugibus,

id. 4, 12:

valetudo adversa,

i. e. sickness, id. 10, 32:

adversum proelium,

an unsuccessful engagement, id. 7, 29; cf.

8, 31: adverso rumore esse,

to be in bad repute, to have a bad reputation, Tac. Ann. 14, 11:

adversa subsellia,

on which the opposition sit, Quint. 6, 1, 39.—Sometimes met. of feeling, contrary to, hated, hateful, odious:

quīs omnia regna advorsa sint,

Sall. J. 83; cf. Luc. 2, 229 Bentl.— Comp.:

neque est aliud adversius,

Plin. 32, 4, 14, § 35.—

* Adv.: adver-sē, self-contradictorily, Gell. 3, 16.— ad-versum, i, subst., esp. in the plur. adversa, misfortune, calamity, disaster, adversity, evil, mischief:

advorsa ejus per te tecta sient,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 28:

nihil adversi,

Cic. Brut. 1, 4:

si quid adversi accidisset,

Nep. Alc. 8; cf. Liv. 22, 40; 35, 13:

secunda felices, adversa magnos probant,

Plin. Pan. 31;

esp. freq. in Tac.: prospera et adversa pop. Rom., Ann. 1, 1: adversa tempestatum et fluctuum,

id. Agr. 25; so id. A. 3, 24; 45; 2, 69; 4, 13 al.— Subst.: adversus, i, m., an opponent, adversary (rare):

multosque mortalīs ea causa advorsos habeo,

Sall. C. 52, 7.—In Quint. also once ad-versa, ae, f., subst., a female opponent or adversary: natura noverca fuerit, si facultatem dicendi sociam scelerum, adversam innocentiae, invenit, 12, 1, 2.—

In rhet., opposed to another of the same genus, e. g. sapientia and stultitia: “Haec quae ex eodem genere contraria sunt, appellantur adversa,” Cic. Top. 11.

adversus or adversum (archaic advor-) (like rursus and rursum, prorsus and prorsum, quorsus and quorsum), adv. and prep., denoting direction to or toward an object (syn.: contra, in with acc., ad, erga).

Adv.: opposite to, against, to, or toward a thing, in a friendly or hostile sense:

ibo advorsum,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 29:

facito, ut venias advorsum mihi,

id. Men. 2, 3, 82:

obsecro te, matri ne quid tuae advorsus fuas, Liv. And. ap. Non. s. v. fuam, 111, 12 (Trag. Rel. p. 3 Rib.): quis hic est, qui advorsus it mihi?

Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 22:

adversus resistere,

Nep. Pelop. 1, 3:

nemo adversus ibat,

Liv. 37, 13, 8 al. In Plaut. and Ter. advorsum ire, or venire, to go to meet; also of a slave, to go to meet his master and bring him from a place (hence adversitor, q. v.):

solus nunc eo advorsum hero ex plurimis servis,

Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 23:

ei advorsum venimus,

id. ib. 4, 2, 32; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 2 Ruhnk.—

Prep. with acc., toward or against, in a friendly or a hostile sense.

In a friendly sense.

Of place, turned to or toward, opposite to, before, facing, over against: qui cotidie unguentatus adversum speculum ornetur, before the mirror, Scipio ap. Gell. 7, 12:

adversus advocatos,

Liv. 45, 7, 5:

medicus debet residere illustri loco adversus aegrum,

opposite to the patient, Cels. 3, 6:

adversus Scyllam vergens in Italiam,

Plin. 3, 8, 14, § 87:

Lerina, adversum Antipolim,

id. 3, 5, 11, § 79.—

In the presence of any one, before:

egone ut te advorsum mentiar, mater mea?

Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9: idque gratum fuisse advorsum te habeo gratiam, I am thankful that this is acceptable before ( to) thee, Ter. And. 1, 1, 15: paululum adversus praesentem fortitudinem mollitus, somewhat softened at such firmness (of his wife), Tac. A. 15, 63.—Hence very often with verbs of speaking, answering, complaining, etc., to declare or express one's self to any one, to excuse one's self or apologize, and the like: te oportet hoc proloqui advorsum illam mihi, Enn. ap. Non. 232, 24 (Trag. v. 385 Vahl.):

immo si audias, quae dicta dixit me advorsum tibi,

what he told me of you, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 47: de vita ac morte domini fabulavere advorsum fratrem illius, Afran. ap. Non. 232, 25:

mulier, credo, advorsum illum res suas conqueritur,

Titin. ib. 232, 21:

utendum est excusatione etiam adversus eos, quos invitus offendas,

Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68; Tac. A. 3, 71.— With that to which a reply is made, to (= ad):

adversus ea consul... respondit,

Liv. 4, 10, 12; 22, 40, 1; cf. Drak. ad 3, 57, 1.—

In comparison, as if one thing were held toward, set against, or before another (v. ad, I. D. 4.); against, in comparison with, compared to:

repente lectus adversus veterem imperatorem comparabitur,

will be compared with, Liv. 24, 8, 8:

quid autem esse duo prospera bella Samnitium adversus tot decora populi Rom.,

id. 7, 32, 8.—

Of demeanor toward one, to, toward:

quonam modo me gererem adversus Caesarem,

Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 11:

te adversus me omnia audere gratum est,

i. e. on my account, on my behalf, for my advantage, id. ib. 9, 22, 15:

lentae adversum imperia aures,

Tac. A. 1, 65.—Esp. often of friendly feeling, love, esteem, respect toward or for one (cf. Ruhnk. ad Ter. And. 4, 1, 15; Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 9, 22; Heusing. ad Cic. Off. 1, 11, 1;

Hab. Syn. 49): est enim pietas justitia adversus deos,

Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 116; id. Off. 3, 6, 28:

adhibenda est igitur quaedam reverentia adversus homines,

id. ib. 1, 28, 99 Beier:

sunt quaedam officia adversus eos servanda, a quibus injuriam acceperis,

id. ib. 1, 11, 33:

adversus merita ingratissimus,

Vell. 2, 69, 5:

summa adversus alios aequitas erat,

Liv. 3, 33, 8:

ob egregiam fidem adversus Romanos,

id. 29, 8, 2; so id. 45, 8, 4 al.:

beneficentiā adversus supplices utendum,

Tac. A. 11, 17.— More rarely

of the general relation of an object or act to a person or thing (v. ad, I. D. 1.), in relation, in respect, or in regard to a thing:

epistula, ut adversus magistrum morum, modestior,

as addressed to a censor of manners, Cic. Fam. 3, 13, 8:

quasi adversus eos acquieverit sententiae,

in regard to the same, Dig. 49, 1; 3, 1.—

In a hostile sense, against (the most usual class. signif. of this word): “Contra et adversus ita differunt, quod contra, ad locum, ut: contra basilicam; adversus, ad animi motum, ut: adversus illum facio; interdum autem promiscue accipitur,” Charis. p. 207 P.; cf. Cort. ad Sall. J. 101, 8:

advorsum legem accepisti a plurimis pecuniam,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 48:

advorsum te fabulare illud,

against thy interest, to thy disadvantage, id. Stich. 4, 2, 11:

stultus est advorsus aetatem et capitis canitudinem, id. ap. Fest. s. v. canitudinem, p. 47: advorsum animi tui libidinem,

Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 19:

adversum leges, adversum rem publicam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 195:

respondebat, SI PARET, ADVERSUM EDICTUM FECISSE,

id. ib. 2, 3, 28, §

69: me adversus populum Romanum possem defendere,

id. Phil. 1, 13 al. —In the histt., of a hostile attack, approach, etc.:

gladiis districtis impetum adversus montem in cohortes faciunt,

Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

adversus se non esse missos exercitus,

Liv. 3, 66:

bellum adversum Xerxem moret,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 24, 3:

copiis quibus usi adversus Romanum bellum,

Liv. 8, 2, 5:

adversus vim atque injuriam pugnantes,

id. 26, 25, 10 al.:

T. Quintius adversus Gallos missus est,

Eutr. 2, 2: Athenienses adversus tantam tempestatem belli duos duces deligunt, Just. 3, 6, 12 al.—Among physicians, of preventives against sickness, against (v. ad, I. A. 2.):

adversus profusionem in his auxilium est,

Cels. 5, 26; 6, 27 al.:

frigidus jam artus et cluso corpore adversum vim veneni,

Tac. A. 15, 64.— Trop.:

egregium adversus tempestates receptaculum,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 4; so id. ib. 2, 15, 36.—Hence: firmus, invictus, fortis adversus aliquid (like contra), protected against a thing, firm, fixed, secure:

advorsum divitias animum invictum gerebat,

Sall. J. 43, 5:

invictus adversum gratiam animus,

Tac. A. 15, 21:

adversus convicia malosque rumores firmus ac patiens,

Suet. Tib. 28:

Adversus omnes fortis feras canis,

Phaedr. 5, 10, 1; and in opp. sense: infirmus, inferior adversus aliquid, powerless against, unequal to:

fama, infirmissimum adversus vivos fortes telum,

Curt. 4, 14:

infirmus adversum pecuniam,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 9, 6:

inferior adversus laborem,

id. Epit. 40, 20.

Adversus is rarely put after the word which it governs:

egone ut te advorsum mentiar,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9:

hunc adversus,

Nep. Con. 2, 2; id. Tim. 4, 3:

quos advorsum ierat,

Sall. J. 101, 8.—

It sometimes suffers tmesis:

Labienum ad Oceanum versus proficisci jubet,

Caes. B. G. 6, 33:

animadvortit fugam ad se vorsum fieri,

Sall. J. 58:

animum advortere ad se vorsum exercitum pergere,

id. ib. 69: ad Cordubam versus iter facere coepit, Auct. B. Hisp. 10 and 11; cf. in-versus:

in Galliam vorsus castra movere,

Sall. C. 56; Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12; Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 78; the Eng. to-ward: to us ward, Psa. 40, 5; and the Gr. eis-de: eis halade, Hom. Od. 10, 351.

am-plector (old form amploctor, Prisc. p. 552, 39 P.), exus, 3, v. dep. ( act. form amplecto, Liv. And. Od. ap. Diom. p. 379 P.; cf. Prisc. p. 797 P.; Struve, 114.—In pass., Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 27; Lucil. ap. Prisc. p. 791 P.).

A.. Lit., to wind or twine round a person or thing (aliquem, plekesthai amphitina; hence with reference to the other object; cf. adimo), to surround, encompass, encircle; of living beings, to embrace (class. in prose and poetry): genua amplectens, Liv. And. Od. ap. Diom. p. 379 P. (as transl. of Hom. Od. 6, 142: gounôn labôn):

amplectimur tibi genua,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 5, 16; so id. Cist. 2, 3, 25:

exsanguem (patrem) amplexus,

Tac. H. 3, 25:

effigiem Augusti amplecti,

id. A. 4, 67:

magnam Herculis aram,

id. ib. 12, 24:

serpens arboris amplectens stirpem,

Lucr. 5, 34:

quorum tellus amplectitur ossa,

id. 1, 135:

manibus saxa,

to grasp, Liv. 5, 47:

munimento amplecti,

id. 35, 28; so id. 41, 5 et saep.:

amplectitur intra se insulam,

Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 3:

amplexa jugerum soli quercus,

id. 16, 31, 56, § 130:

et molli circum est ansas amplexus acantho,

Verg. E. 3, 45:

urbes amplecti muro,

Hor. A. P. 209 et saep.:

visne ego te ac tute me amplectare?

Plaut. Most. 1, 4, 9; * Ter. And. 2, 5, 19:

ille me amplexus atque osculans flere prohibebat,

Cic. Somn. Scip. 3 (id. Rep. 6, 14, where Orell. reads complexus).—

Of space, to embrace:

spatium amplexus ad vim remigii,

Tac. A. 12, 56:

quattuor milia passuum ambitu amplexus est,

id. ib. 4, 49:

domus naturae amplectens pontum terrasque jacentes,

Manil. 1, 536.—

Trop.

To embrace in mind or knowledge, i. e. to comprehend, to understand:

animo rei magnitudinem amplecti,

Cic. de Or. 1, 5, 19:

Quas (artes) si quis unus complexus omnes,

id. ib. 1, 17, 76:

quae si judex non amplectetur omnia consilio, non animo ac mente circumspiciet,

id. Font. 7; also simply to reflect upon, to consider:

cogitationem toto pectore amplecti,

id. Att. 12, 35.—

In discourse, to comprehend, i.e. to discuss, to handle, treat:

quod ego argumentum pluribus verbis amplecterer,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 12:

actio verbis causam et rationem juris amplectitur,

id. Caecin. 14, 40:

omnes res per scripturam amplecti,

id. Inv. 2, 50: non ego cuncta meis amplecti versibus opto, Verg. G. 2, 42:

totius Ponti forma breviter amplectenda est, ut facilius partes noscantur,

Plin. 4, 12, 24, § 75.—Also of a name, to comprehend under:

quod idem interdum virtutis nomine amplectimur,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 30; cf.:

si quis universam et propriam oratoris vim definire complectique vult,

to define the peculiar function of the orator and include the whole of it, id. de Or. 1, 15, 64; so of a law, to include:

sed neque haec (verba) in principem aut principis parentem, quos lex majestatis amplectitur,

Tac. A. 4, 34.—

Of study, learning, to include, embrace: neque eam tamen scientiam, quam adjungis oratori, complexus es, but yet have notincluded in your attainments that knowledge which, etc., Cic. de Or. 1, 17, 77:

Quod si tantam rerum maximarum arte suā rhetorici illi doctores complecterentur,

id. ib. 1, 19, 86.—

To embrace in heart, i.e. to love, favor, cherish:

quem mihi videtur amplecti res publica,

Cic. Cat. 4, 3:

nimis amplecti plebem videbatur,

id. Mil. 72:

aliquem amicissime,

id. Fam. 6, 6 fin.; Sall. J. 7, 6:

hoc se amplectitur uno, i. e. se amat,

esteems himself, Hor. S. 1, 2, 53:

qui tanto amore possessiones suas amplexi tenebant,

Cic. Sull. 20;

opp. repudiare,

id. de Or. 1, 24;

opp. removere,

id. Cat. 4, 7:

amplecti virtutem,

id. Phil. 10, 4:

nobilitatem et dignitates hominum amplecti,

id. Fam. 4, 8: mens hominis amplectitur maxime cognitionem, delights in understanding, id. Ac. pr. 2, 10, 31: (episcopum) amplectentem eum fidelem sermonem, * Vulg. Tit. 1, 9: amplexus civitates (sc. animo), having fixed his mind on, i. e. intending to attack, seize, Tac. Agr. 25:

causam rei publicae amplecti,

Cic. Sest. 93;

and so playfully of one who robs the State treasury: rem publicam nimium amplecti,

id. Fl. 18.—

In circumlocution: magnam Brigantium partem aut victoriā amplexus est aut bello, embraced in conquest, i. e. conquered, Tac. Agr. 17.

am-plector (old form amploctor, Prisc. p. 552, 39 P.), exus, 3, v. dep. ( act. form amplecto, Liv. And. Od. ap. Diom. p. 379 P.; cf. Prisc. p. 797 P.; Struve, 114.—In pass., Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 27; Lucil. ap. Prisc. p. 791 P.).

A.. Lit., to wind or twine round a person or thing (aliquem, plekesthai amphitina; hence with reference to the other object; cf. adimo), to surround, encompass, encircle; of living beings, to embrace (class. in prose and poetry): genua amplectens, Liv. And. Od. ap. Diom. p. 379 P. (as transl. of Hom. Od. 6, 142: gounôn labôn):

amplectimur tibi genua,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 5, 16; so id. Cist. 2, 3, 25:

exsanguem (patrem) amplexus,

Tac. H. 3, 25:

effigiem Augusti amplecti,

id. A. 4, 67:

magnam Herculis aram,

id. ib. 12, 24:

serpens arboris amplectens stirpem,

Lucr. 5, 34:

quorum tellus amplectitur ossa,

id. 1, 135:

manibus saxa,

to grasp, Liv. 5, 47:

munimento amplecti,

id. 35, 28; so id. 41, 5 et saep.:

amplectitur intra se insulam,

Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 3:

amplexa jugerum soli quercus,

id. 16, 31, 56, § 130:

et molli circum est ansas amplexus acantho,

Verg. E. 3, 45:

urbes amplecti muro,

Hor. A. P. 209 et saep.:

visne ego te ac tute me amplectare?

Plaut. Most. 1, 4, 9; * Ter. And. 2, 5, 19:

ille me amplexus atque osculans flere prohibebat,

Cic. Somn. Scip. 3 (id. Rep. 6, 14, where Orell. reads complexus).—

Of space, to embrace:

spatium amplexus ad vim remigii,

Tac. A. 12, 56:

quattuor milia passuum ambitu amplexus est,

id. ib. 4, 49:

domus naturae amplectens pontum terrasque jacentes,

Manil. 1, 536.—

Trop.

To embrace in mind or knowledge, i. e. to comprehend, to understand:

animo rei magnitudinem amplecti,

Cic. de Or. 1, 5, 19:

Quas (artes) si quis unus complexus omnes,

id. ib. 1, 17, 76:

quae si judex non amplectetur omnia consilio, non animo ac mente circumspiciet,

id. Font. 7; also simply to reflect upon, to consider:

cogitationem toto pectore amplecti,

id. Att. 12, 35.—

In discourse, to comprehend, i.e. to discuss, to handle, treat:

quod ego argumentum pluribus verbis amplecterer,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 12:

actio verbis causam et rationem juris amplectitur,

id. Caecin. 14, 40:

omnes res per scripturam amplecti,

id. Inv. 2, 50: non ego cuncta meis amplecti versibus opto, Verg. G. 2, 42:

totius Ponti forma breviter amplectenda est, ut facilius partes noscantur,

Plin. 4, 12, 24, § 75.—Also of a name, to comprehend under:

quod idem interdum virtutis nomine amplectimur,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 30; cf.:

si quis universam et propriam oratoris vim definire complectique vult,

to define the peculiar function of the orator and include the whole of it, id. de Or. 1, 15, 64; so of a law, to include:

sed neque haec (verba) in principem aut principis parentem, quos lex majestatis amplectitur,

Tac. A. 4, 34.—

Of study, learning, to include, embrace: neque eam tamen scientiam, quam adjungis oratori, complexus es, but yet have notincluded in your attainments that knowledge which, etc., Cic. de Or. 1, 17, 77:

Quod si tantam rerum maximarum arte suā rhetorici illi doctores complecterentur,

id. ib. 1, 19, 86.—

To embrace in heart, i.e. to love, favor, cherish:

quem mihi videtur amplecti res publica,

Cic. Cat. 4, 3:

nimis amplecti plebem videbatur,

id. Mil. 72:

aliquem amicissime,

id. Fam. 6, 6 fin.; Sall. J. 7, 6:

hoc se amplectitur uno, i. e. se amat,

esteems himself, Hor. S. 1, 2, 53:

qui tanto amore possessiones suas amplexi tenebant,

Cic. Sull. 20;

opp. repudiare,

id. de Or. 1, 24;

opp. removere,

id. Cat. 4, 7:

amplecti virtutem,

id. Phil. 10, 4:

nobilitatem et dignitates hominum amplecti,

id. Fam. 4, 8: mens hominis amplectitur maxime cognitionem, delights in understanding, id. Ac. pr. 2, 10, 31: (episcopum) amplectentem eum fidelem sermonem, * Vulg. Tit. 1, 9: amplexus civitates (sc. animo), having fixed his mind on, i. e. intending to attack, seize, Tac. Agr. 25:

causam rei publicae amplecti,

Cic. Sest. 93;

and so playfully of one who robs the State treasury: rem publicam nimium amplecti,

id. Fl. 18.—