Sarūpa-Bhāratī

Grammatical information: adj.

Meaning: `sharp, peaky, piercing, bitter, painful' (Il.; on the meaning Treu Von Homer zur Lyrik 78 a. 273).

Compounds: Compp., e.g. πικρό-χολος `full of bitter gall' (Hp.), γλυκύ-πικρος `sweet-bitter' (Sapph.; Risch IF 59, 32).

Derivatives: 1. Abstract: πικρ-ότης f. `sharpness, bitterness etc.' (IA.), - ία f. `id.' (D., Arist., hell.). 2. plantname: πικρ-άς, - ίς, - ίδιον (Arist., Thphr., Ps.-Dsc.); Strömberg Pfl.namen 63; - άς f. also `sour bottom' (pap. III<sup>a</sup>); - ίδιος as adj. `somewhat bitter' (Ath.). 3. verbs: a. πικρ-αίνομαι, - αίνω, also w. ἐκ-, ἐν-, παρα- a.o., `to become bitter, to embitter; to make bitter' (IA.) with - ασμός ( παρα-πικρός) m. `embitterment' (LXX, Ep. Hebr.), - αντικῶς adv. `in an embittering way' (S.E.); b. πικρ-όομαι, almost only with ἐκ-, `id.' (Hp., Arist., Thphr.) with - ωσις f. (Gal.); back formation ἔκπικρος `very bitter' (Arist.; Strömberg Prefix Studies 73); c. πικρ-άζομαι, - άζω, also w. ἐκ-, `id.' (S. E.). 4. substantivising πίκρα f. name of an antidote (Alex. Trall.). 5. PN Πρίκων m. (Eretria, Tanagra) with metathesis as in NGr. πρικός (Kretschmer Glotta 6, 304; diff. Bechtel KZ 45, 155).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [794] *piḱ-ro- `motley, painted'

Etymology: With a Slav. word for `motley', e.g. ORuss. CSlav. pьstrъ formally identical: IE *piḱros, from a verb `sting, cut, embroider, paint' in Sk. piṃśáti (nasalpres.) `carve, cut to measure, ornament', Slav., e.g. OCS pьsati `write'; further cognates s. ποικίλος. -- With πικρός also some Indo-Iran. words have been identified: Pashto p(u)šǝī f. `kind of rhubarb, Rheum emodi' (Morgenstierne Sarūpa-Bhāratī [Hoshiarpur 1954] 1;), Skt. śilpá- `motley' (inverted from *piślá-; Tedesco Lang. 23, 383ff [?]). After Machek Zeitschr. f. Slawistik 1, 36 here also Slav. prikrь `disgusting, sour, sharp'; against this Vasmer Wb. s. príkryj.

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Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to slurp, to gulp', also nasalized ῥυμφάνω (Hp.; Bechtel Dial. 3, 198).

Other forms: Fut. ῥοφήσομαι, -ω, aor. ῥοφῆσαι (Ar., X., Arist.; also Hp.), Ion. (Hippon., Hp.) ῥυφέω, - ῆσαι, also ῥυμφάνω (Jouanna, RPh 55 (1981)205-13). Rarely - άω (late).

Compounds: Also w. ἐκ-, ἀνα-, κατα- a.o.

Derivatives: ῥόφ-ημα ( ῥύφ-) n. "dish, which is slurped", `thick broth, soup' (Hp., Arist.) with - ημάτιον (A. D.), - ηματώδης `soup-like' (medic.); - ησις ( ἀνα-, κατα-) f. `slurping' (Arist., medic.), - ητός `apt for slurping' (Str., medic.), - ητικός `slurping' (Str.); also ῥόμμα = ῥόφημα, ῥοπτός = ῥοφητός (Hp. ap. Gal.), as if from ῥόφω (EM); ῥόφισμα n. (Cyran.: *ῥοφίζω).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1001] * s(e)rbh- `slurp'.

Etymology: Iterative-intensive formation with many near cognates, which mostly represent a zero grade, IE *sr̥bh-; Arm. arbi `I drank' (pres. ǝmpem prob. to πίνω), Lith. surbiù, sur̃bti `suck', OCS srъbati, Russ. serbátь `slurp', Lat. sorbeō `id.'. Given these forms one is tempted to consider also ῥυφέω as zero grade (Schwyzer 351 f.). A primary full grade present is retained in Lith. srebiù, srė̃bti `eat (liquid food) wit a spoon', IE * srebh-; beside it IE * serbh- in Alb. gjerp `slurp' (the form seems to go back on *sorbʰ-eyō, Huld Alb. Etymologies 143). To a primary verb with remarkable o-vocalism (prob. after ῥοφέω) seem to go back also ῥόμμα, ῥοπτός. The widespread family is also found in German. (e.g. MHG sürpfeln, Swed. sörpla `slurp' with secondary pf resp. p) and in Iran. (Psht. rawdǝl `suck' a.o.; Morgenstierne Pashto s.v., Sarūpa- Bhāratī [1954] 1). -- WP. 2, 704, Pok. 1001, W.-Hofmann s. sorbeō, Fraenkel s. sur̃bti, Vasmer s. serbátь w. further forms a. lit. -- Cf. ῥυβδέω. -- The form ῥυφ- will rather be an (omomatop.?) byform.

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