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Recherches

  • 1 χράω

    χράω (impf. ἔχρεον v. l.: aor. χρῆσεν: med. aor. χρησάμενος: pass. aor. χρησθέν: cf. χρή, χρεών.)
    a prophesy of an oracle

    ἐν δὲ Πυθῶνι χρησθὲν παλαίφατον τέλεσσεν O. 2.39

    ἱέρεα χρῆσεν οἰκιστῆρα Βάττον P. 4.6

    met., σάφα δαεὶς ἅ τε οἱ πατέρων ὀρθαὶ φρένες ἐξ ἀγαθῶν ἔχρεον (v. l. ἔχραον: tmesin ἐξέχρεον intell. Σ ἐξεχρησμῴδουν) O. 7.92
    b med. ? experience λατρίαν Ἰαολκὸν πολεμίᾳ χερὶ προστραπὼν Πηλεὺς παρέδωκεν Αἱμόνεσσιν δάμαρτος Ἱππολύτας Ἀκάστου δολίαις τέχναισι χρησάμενος (post Αἱμόνεσσιν distinxit Schr., Ἄκαστος scribens: ταύταις εἰς πόρθησιν τῆς Ἰωλκοῦ αἰτίᾳ χρησάμενος ὅτι ἐπεβουλεύθη Σ: “ayant éprouvé l'astuce perfide,” Redard, Recherches sur χρή, Paris, 1953) N. 4.58

    Lexicon to Pindar > χράω

  • 2 ἄβαξ

    ἄβαξ, - κος
    Grammatical information: m.
    Meaning: `reckoning-board, board for drawing' (Cratin., Arist).
    Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]
    Etymology: Unknown. Loanword from Hebr. 'ābāq `sand, dust' (Lewy Fremdw. 173) is semantically weak; rejected by Masson Recherches 97. On the meaning Bruneau REGr. 80 (1967) 325-330. But s. Kratzsch WZHalle 23 (1973) 126 (Lat. LW [loanword] abacus.) Kuiper compared ἀμάκιον ἄβαξ. Λάκωνες H., but Fur. 221 doubts. If the comparison is correct, the word is Pre-Greek (prothesis, β\/μ).
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    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄβαξ

  • 3 ἄμωμον

    Grammatical information: n.
    Meaning: an Indian spice-plant, Amomum subulatum (Hp.).
    Derivatives: ἀμωμίς f. `false Amomum' from Armenia (Dsc.).
    Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] India
    Etymology: Oriental LW [loanword]. Cf. κιννάμωμον. André Lex. s.v. amōmum; É. Masson Recherches 50 w. n. 3.
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  • 4 βῖκος

    Grammatical information: m.
    Meaning: `vase with handles', also a measure (Hdt.; s. Solmsen Wortforsch. 65 w. n. 2; also Hippon., fr. 142 Masson).
    Derivatives: Demin. βικίον (Pap.), βικίδιον Suid.
    Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably] Eg.?, Sem.?
    Etymology: Has been considered Egyptian; cf. Eg. bʕk.t `oil flask, used as measure' (Hemmerdinger, Glotta 46, 1968, 241). E. Masson Recherches 78ff. considers Semitic origin. Not with Fur. 294 to Lat. fiscus. Not to βαυκάλιον.
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  • 5 βύσσος

    Grammatical information: f.
    Meaning: "Byssos", flax and the linen made from it (Emp.); later also referring to cotton and silk.
    Derivatives: βύσσινος `made of β.' (Hdt.); βύσσωμα `net from β.' (AP; on the formation s. πέπλωμα etc. Chantr. Form. 187).
    Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Sem.
    Etymology: Supposed to have come through semitic (Hebr. Aram. būs) from Egyptian ( wʕd_ linen). See now Masson, Recherches 20ff. (who leaves the Eg. origin undecided), but also the lit. in Szemerényi, Gnomon 43 (1971) 661.
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  • 6 σαμβύκη

    Grammatical information: f.
    Meaning: `triangular string instrument with four strings' (Arist. etc.), metaph. `scaling ladder' (Plb. etc.; on the semant. motivation s. Ath. 14, 634 a).
    Other forms: H. also ζ-.
    Derivatives: σαμβυκ-ιστής, f. - ίστρια `sambyke-player (m\/f)' (hell. poet., Plu.; after κιθαριστής, - ίστρια).
    Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Semit.?
    Etymology: Orient. LW [loanword] of unknown source; s. E. Masson Recherches 91 ff. w. extensive meaning and criticism of earlier views (to Hebr. š ebākā `lattice' a.o.). On the secondary nasalisation Schwyzer 231 f. w. lit. -- Lat. LW [loanword] sambūca (cf. W.-Hofmann s.v.).
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  • 7 σής

    Grammatical information: m.
    Meaning: `moth, mite' (Pi a. o.).
    Other forms: Gen. pl. σέων (Ar. Lys. 730 a. o.), acc. σέας (Luc. Ind. 1), nom. σέες, gen. sg. σεός (gramm.); later σητός, σῆτες, σητῶν (Arist. etc.)
    Compounds: σητό-βρωτος `eaten away by moths' (LXX, NT).
    Derivatives: σητάω `to eat away, to gnaw', in σητώμενα βιβρωσκόμενα (Suid.).
    Origin: XX [etym. unknown]
    Etymology: The younger forms σητός etc. like θής, θητός a. o.; older σέων (to which σέας, σέες) after the type σαφής, - έων; σεός with acc. after the monosyllables. -- Several doubtful attempts at explanation: to ψῆν (Prellwitz with ?); from *τι̯ης or *τϜη[ι̯]ς to Lat. tinea or σίνομαι etc. (lit. in Bq, WP. 1, 702 and W.-Hofmann s. tinea and tābēs). The similarity with Hebr. sās `moth', Acc. sāsu a.o. (Lewy Fremdw. 16f., Scheftelowitz BB 28, 289), Arm. c'ec' `mite' (Vegt NTS 9, 334) may be accidental; s. E. Masson Recherches 93f.
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  • 8 σίγλος

    Grammatical information: m.
    Meaning: weight and coin (in X. = 7 1\/2 Att. oboles), `szekel' (Att. inscr. end IVa, X. a.o.), also used as ear-pendant (a. o. in σιγλο-φόρος Com. Adesp. 792); in this meaning also σίγλαι f. pl. ( PMasp. VIp, Poll.).
    Other forms: σίκλος (LXX, J.).
    Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Semit.
    Etymology: From Semit.; cf. Hebr. šekel a.o. (E. Masson Recherches 34ff.). Lat. LW [loanword] siclus.
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  • 9 σινδών

    σινδών, - όνος
    Grammatical information: f.
    Meaning: `fine woven cloth, fine linen, garment, blanket etc. made thereof' (Hdt., Th., trag., hell. a. late; on the meaning Blinzler Phil. 99, 160f.).
    Compounds: As 1. member a. o. in σινδονο-φόρος m. `wearer of a σ.' (Delos, Tegea).
    Derivatives: σινδόν-ιον n. `garment etc. made of σ.' (hell. a. late), - ίσκος m. dimin. (Samos IVa), - ίτης, Dor. - ίτας m. `wearer of an σ.' (Str.), `garment made of σ.' (hell. a. late), also attribut. ( τελαμών, χιτών [Poll., Phot.]), Redard 114; - ιάζω `to cover in σ.' (pap.).
    Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Sem. (Anat.?)
    Etymology: Semit. (Phoenic.?) LW [loanword]. Lewy Fremdw. 84f. compares with earliers Hebr. sādīn `linen untercloth, kind of shirt', to which in Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 1, 326 also Assyr. sadinnu; further E. Masson Recherches 25 f. w. lit. -- From Greek Lat. sindon; MLat. cendalum with Ital. zendale, NHG Zindel `kind of tafetta'. -- Furnée 273 adds "wohl vorderasiat. Kultuwort", but without further comment.
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  • 10 σιπύη

    σιπύη (- ύα)
    Grammatical information: f.
    Meaning: `box for keeping flour and bread' (com., AP, Poll.).
    Other forms: συπύη (pap. IIIa) from assim., σιπυΐς f. (Hp.); also ἰπύα (H.); further σίπυδνος (Orac. ap. Luc. Alex.; Furnée 177); note hομοσεπυοι inscr. Selinous ( RPh 69, 1995, 128, l. 3
    Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin] (V)
    Etymology: Sem. LW [loanword] (Hebr. sap etc.); E. Masson Recherches 44f. w. lit. After Neumann Glotta 37, 109f. (cf. Heubeck Praegraeca 36f.) to the Minoan (Linear A) vase des. su-pu. -- Whether σίφνις `id.' (Poll., H.) is at all cognate, remains doubtful (cf. on σιφνός); in any case there is no IE variation p σιπύη ph (Specht Ursprung 260). -- Here will belong Lat. simpulum, simpuvium. Also here σιβαία = πήρα. The variation proves that the word is Pre-Greek.
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  • 11 σοῦσον 1

    σοῦσον 1.
    Grammatical information: n.
    Meaning: `lily, lotus (ornament)' (Ath. 12, 513f.; uncertain Arist. Mir. 838 a 23; s. Dugas BCH 34, 116ff.).
    Derivatives: σούσινος `of l., lily-like' (Hp., Thphr., Dsc. a. o.).
    Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] orient.
    Etymology: Orient. LW [loanword]; cf. Hebr. šūšan `lily, lotus' from Egypt. sśśn \> śśn `id.'; s. E. Masson Recherches 58 f.
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  • 12 θυσία

    θυσία, ας, ἡ (s. θύω and next entry; Pind., Hdt.+).
    ① act of offering, offering fig. ἐπὶ τῇ θυσίᾳ τ. πίστεως ὑμῶν as you offer your faith Phil 2:17 (though mng. 2b is not impossible for the complex set of imagery in this pass.; s. below).
    ② that which is offered as a sacrifice, sacrifice, offering
    ⓐ lit.
    α. (stated gener. Dg 3:5; Just., D. 43, 1 al.; Ath. 26, 3) Mt 9:13; 12:7 (both Hos 6:6); Mk 9:49 v.l., s. ἁλίζω; Hb 10:5 (Ps 39:7), 26. Pl. Mk 12:33; Lk 13:1 (cp. Jos., Bell. 2, 30 παρὰ ταῖς ἰδίαις θυσίαις ἀπεσφάχθαι); Hb 10:1, 8; 1 Cl 4:2 (Gen 4:5; cp. Diod S 12, 20, 2 τῶν θεῶν οὐ χαιρόντων ταῖς τῶν πονηρῶν θυσίαις); B 2:4, 5 (Is 1:11), 7 (Jer 7:22). The various kinds are specified 1 Cl 41:2. ἀνάγειν θυσίαν bring an offering Ac 7:41 (ἀνάγω 3). Also ἀναφέρειν θ. Hb 7:27 (ἀναφέρω 3); δοῦναι θ. Lk 2:24. προσφέρειν (Ex 32:6; Lev 2:1, 8 and oft.; Just., D. 41, 3 al.) Ac 7:42 (Am 5:25); Hb 5:1; 8:3; 10:11; 11:4; 1 Cl 10:7. Pass. Hb 9:9. φέρειν θ. (2 Ch 29:31, Jer 17:26; Just. A I, 24, 2 al.) 1 Cl 4:1 (Gen 4:3). προσάγεσθαι θ. (cp. 1 Esdr 1:16) be led as a sacrifice 1 Cl 31:3.
    β. of a sacrificial meal (Polycrates: 588 Fgm. 1 Jac. equated w. θοίνη [‘feast’]; Ps.-Callisth. 3, 29, 9 τὴν θυσίαν ἐποιησάμεθα τῶν Σωτηρίων=the meal to celebrate deliverance) ἐσθίειν τὰς θ. eat the sacrifices (Ps 105:28; Num 25:2) 1 Cor 10:18. The Eucharist is spoken of as a sacrifice or offering and sacrificial meal D 14:1ff (s. Knopf, Hdb. exc. on D 9 and 10, p. 24f).
    γ. of the sacrificial death of Christ which, in contrast to the earthly sacrifices, is to be classed among the κρείττονες θυσίαι Hb 9:23; 10:12. διὰ τῆς θυσίας αὐτοῦ 9:26. παρέδωκεν ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν θυσίαν τ. θεῷ Eph 5:2 (Diod S 4, 82, 2 τὴν θυσίαν ὑπὲρ ἁπάντων τ. Ἑλλήνων).—B 7:3.—Of aspiration to martyrdom ἵνα διὰ τῶν ὀργάνων τούτων θεοῦ θυσία εὑρεθῶ IRo 4:2. προσδεχθείην … σήμερον ἐν θυσίᾳ πίονι καὶ προσδεκτῇ MPol 14:2.
    ⓑ fig. (Sextus 47: the doing of good as the only θυσία pleasing to God; sim. Persius 2, 73–75, a pure heart is the appropriate sacrifice in temples: compositum ius fasque animo … haec cedo ut admoveam templis) a broken spirit designated as θ. 1 Cl 18:16f; 52:4; B 2:10 (all three Ps 50:19). θ. αἰνέσεως praise-offering (s. on αἴνεσις) is used fig. in our lit. of spiritual sacrifice 1 Cl 35:12 (Ps 49:23); 52:3 (Ps 49:14). It is explained Hb 13:15 as καρπὸς χειλέων ὁμολογούντων τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ (=τ. θεοῦ).—εἰ σπένδομαι ἐπὶ τῇ θυσίᾳ τῆς πίστεως ὑμῶν even if I must pour out my blood over the sacrifice of your faith (i.e., consisting in your faith) Phil 2:17 (cp. Arrian, Anab. 6, 19, 5 σπείσας ἐπὶ τῇ θυσίᾳ τὴν φιάλην; but s. 1 above). θ. δεκτή an acceptable sacr. (s. δεκτός 2) Phil 4:18; Hs 5, 3, 8; cp. Hb 13:16 and 2aγ end. πνευματικαὶ θ. spiritual sacrifices 1 Pt 2:5 (cp. Herm. Wr. 13, 18; 19; 21 λογικαὶ θυσίαι; s. on this Rtzst., Mysterienrel.3 38; 328f.—SibOr 8, 408 ζῶσα θυσία). παρακαλῶ ὑμᾶς παραστῆσαι τὰ σώματα ὑμῶν θυσίαν ζῶσαν I appeal to you to present your bodies as a living sacrifice Ro 12:1 (παριστάναι θυσίαν is a t.t. of sacrificial procedure: OGI 332, 17 and 42; 456, 20f; 764, 23 and 33 al., SIG2 554, 6; SIG3 694, 50.—PSeidensticker, Lebendiges Opfer Röm 12:1, diss. Münster, ’54).—OSchmitz, Die Opferanschauung d. spät. Judentums u. die Opferaussagen d. NTs 1910; HWenschkewitz, D. Spiritualisierung der Kultusbegriffe Tempel, Priester u. Opfer im NT ’32; WvLoewenich, Z. Verständnis d. Opfergedankens im Hb: ThBl 12, ’32, 167–72; JBrinktrine, D. Messopferbegr. in den ersten 2 Jahrh. 1918; RYerkes, ATR 29, ’47, 28–33; RdeVaux, Les Sacrifices de l’Ancien Testament ’64. BHHW II 1345–52; Pauly-W. XVIII 579–627; JCasabona, Recherches sur le vocabulaire des Sacrifices en Grec ’66.—B. 1467. DELG s.v. 2 θύω B6. TRE XXV esp. 253–78. M-M. Sv. S. also εὐχαριστία 3.

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  • 13 Σίμων

    Σίμων, ωνος, ὁ (שִׁמְעוֹן. The name is found freq. among Greeks [Aristoph. et al.; ins, pap. See Bechtel p. 30; 251] and Israelites [LXX; EpArist 47; 48; Joseph.; s. GHölscher, ZAW Beihefte 41, 1925, 150f; 155; MNoth, D. israelit. Personennamen 1928, 38; Wuthnow 113; CRoth, Simon-Peter, HTR 54, ’61, 91–97—first and second century].—On its declension s. Mlt-H. 146) Simon
    ① surnamed Πέτροσ=Κηφᾶς, most prominent of the twelve disciples Mt 4:18; Mk 1:16; Lk 4:38 and oft. S. Πέτρος.
    ② another of the twelve disciples, called ὁ Καναναῖος Mt 10:4; Mk 3:18, or (ὁ) ζηλωτής (s. Καναναῖος) Lk 6:15; Ac 1:13; GEb 34, 61 (the two Alexandrian Epicureans named Ptolemaeus are differentiated as ὁ μέλας καὶ ὁ λευκός Diog. L. 10, 25).—KLake, HTR 10, 1917, 57–63; JHoyland, Simon the Zealot 1930.
    ③ name of a brother of Jesus Mt 13:55; Mk 6:3.
    ④ a man of Cyrene, who was pressed into service to carry Jesus’ cross to the place of execution Mt 27:32; Mk 15:21; Lk 23:26 (s. Κυρήνη).—SReinach, S. de Cyrène: Cultes, Mythes et Religions IV 1912, 181ff; on this JHalévy, RevSém 20, 1912, 314–19; AKinsey, Simon the Crucifier and Symeon the Prophet: ET 35, 1924, 84ff.
    ⑤ father of Judas Iscariot J 6:71; 12:4 v.l.; 13:2, 26.
    ⑥ Σ. ὁ λεπρός Simon the leper owner of a house in Bethany on the Mount of Olives. Jesus paid him a visit fr. Jerusalem, and on this occasion the anointing of Jesus took place, acc. to the first two evangelists Mt 26:6; Mk 14:3.—CTorrey, The Four Gospels ’33, 296; ELittmann, ZNW 34, ’35, 32.
    ⑦ name of a Pharisee who invited Jesus to his home and thereby gave a grateful woman an opportunity to anoint Jesus Lk 7:40, 43f.
    ⑧ a tanner in Joppa, w. whom Peter stayed for a while; fr. here he went to Caesarea to visit Cornelius Ac 9:43; 10:6, 17, 32b.
    ⑨ a magician Ac 8:9, 13, 18, 24. He is portrayed as a Samaritan who μαγεύων vs. 9 or ταῖς μαγείαις vs. 11 led his compatriots to believe that he was the ‘Great Power of God’; the miracles of the apostles surprised and disturbed him to such a degree that he tried to buy the gift of imparting the Holy Spirit fr. them.—HWaitz, RE XVIII 1906, 351ff; XXIV 1913, 518ff (lit. in both vols.); KPieper, Die Simon-Magus Perikope 1911; OWeinreich, ARW 18, 1915, 21ff; Ramsay, Bearing 117ff; MLidzbarski, NGG 1916, 86–93; EdeFaye, Gnostiques et Gnosticisme2 1925, 216ff; 430f; CSchmidt, Studien zu d. Ps.-Clementinen 1929, 47ff; RCasey: Beginn. I/5, 151–63; ANock, ibid. 164–88; L-HVincent, RB 45, ’36, 221–32; HSchoeps, Theol. u. Gesch. des Judenchristentums ’49, 127–34; MSmith, Simon Magus in Ac 8: HA Wolfson Festschr. ’65, 735–49; JSelles-Dabadie, Recherches sur Simon le Mage ’69; Haenchen s. index; KRudolph, TRu 42, ’77, 279–354 (lit.); RMcLWilson, Simon and Gnostic Origins, in Les Actes des Apôtres etc., ed. JKremer ’79, 485–91.
    ⑩ a Gnostic in Corinth AcPlCor 1:2.—LGPN I. M-M.

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  • 14 σπήλαιον

    σπήλαιον, ου, τό (Pla. et al.; Sb 5295, 7; LXX, TestSol, Just.) prim. ‘cave’; as a σπήλαιον λῃστῶν, a robbers’ hideout (Jer 7:11; cp. Jos., Ant. 14, 415; 421; Field, Notes 15) Mt 21:13; Mk 11:17; Lk 19:46 (s. on ἱερόν b): 2 Cl 14:1. As a place of refuge (Cornutus 27 p. 50, 5; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 292; 300) B 11:4 (Is 33:16); Hb 11:38; Rv 6:15. As a place of birth GJs 18:1; 19:1 (codd.), 2f; 20:4; 21:3 (Just., D. 78, 5). Of tombs (TestReub 7:2; TestIss 7:8; ViEzk 4 [p. 74, 10 Sch.]; ViDan 20 [p. 79, 11 Sch.]) J 11:38.—HLavagne, Operosa Antra, Recherches sur la grotte à Rome de Sylla à Hadrien ’88.—DELG. M-M. Sv.

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  • 15 τρέφω

    τρέφω fut. θρέψω; 1 aor. ἔθρεψα. Pass.: aor. ἐτράφην LXX; ptc. τραφείς; pf. ptc. τεθραμμένος (Hom.+).
    ① to care for by providing food or nourishment, feed, nourish, support animals (X., Mem. 2, 9, 2; Is 7:21; PsSol 5:9) or humans (PsSol 5:11; TestJob 10:3; Ar. 7, 1) w. acc.: Mt 6:26; 25:37; Lk 12:24; Rv 12:6, 14 (pass.); B 10:11. Occasionally also of plants (Il. 18, 57) ἡ πτελέα ὕδωρ ἔχουσα τρέφει τὴν ἄμπελον Hs 2:8.—Of mothers’ breasts that nurse or nourish (cp. Od. 12, 134; Hdt. 1, 136; PRyl 178, 5) Lk 23:29 (abs.). ἐθρέψατε τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν you have fattened yourselves by revelry Js 5:5. In imagery of Paul πόλλους θρέψει τῷ λόγῳ AcPl Ha 7, 6. In διὰ τὸ τρέφεσθαι αὐτῶν (i.e. the inhabitants of Tyre and Sidon) τὴν χώραν ἀπὸ τῆς βασιλικῆς, τρέφεσθαι can be either mid. or pass. because their country supported itself or was supported (by importing grain) from the king’s country Ac 12:20 (X., An. 7, 4, 11 has the mid. τρέφεσθαι ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν).
    ② to care for children by bringing them up, rear, bring up, train (Hom.+; 1 Macc 3:33; 11:39; Jos., Ant. 2, 209) τινά someone Hv 1, 1, 1. Pass. grow up (Diod S 4, 81, 1; Aelian, VH 12, 1 p. 117, 2 H.; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 141; Just., A I, 57, 1) Ναζαρά, οὗ ἦν τεθραμμένος Lk 4:16 (s. ἀνατρέφω a). τραφέντα ἐν Ναζαρά AcPl Ha 8, 29.—CMoussy, Recherches sur τρέφω et al., ’69. Schmidt, Syn. IV 98–105. DELG. M-M. Spicq. Sv.

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  • 16 ἀγορά

    ἀγορά, ᾶς, ἡ (Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX; TestJob 22:3; ParJer 6:19 τῶν ἐθνῶν; Jos., Bell. 5, 513 al.; Ath.; loanw. in rabb.) market place as a place for children to play Mt 11:16; Lk 7:32. Place for people seeking work and for idlers (Harpocration, s.v. Κολωνέτας: the μισθωτοί are standing in the marketplace) Mt 20:3; cp. 23:7; Mk 12:38; Lk 11:43; 20:46. Scene of public events, incl. the healings of Jesus ἐν ταῖς ἀ. ἐτίθεσαν τοὺς ἀσθενοῦντας Mk 6:56. Scene of a lawsuit (so as early as Hom.; cp. Demosth. 43, 36 τῶν ἀρχόντων) against Paul Ac 16:19, 35 D. Of the Agora in Athens (in the Ceramicus), the center of public life 17:17 (s. ECurtius, Paulus in Athen: SBBerlAk 1893, 925ff; SHalstead, Paul in the Agora: Quantulacumque [KLake Festschr.] ’37, 139–43; RMartin, Recherches sur l’Agora greque ’51). ἀπʼ ἀγορᾶς (+ὅταν ἔλθωσιν [D it] is the correct interpr.) ἐὰν μὴ ῥαντίσωνται οὐκ ἐσθίουσιν when they return fr. the market place they do not eat unless they wash themselves (pregnant constr. as Vi. Aesopi G 40 P. πιεῖν ἀπὸ τοῦ βαλανείου=after returning from the bath; PHolm 20, 26 μετὰ τὴν κάμινον=after burning in the oven; Epict. 3, 19, 5 φαγεῖν ἐκ βαλανείου; Sir 34:25 βαπτιζόμενος ἀπὸ νεκροῦ) Mk 7:4. Since the mid. form ῥαντ. expresses someth. about the persons of those who eat, the words ἀπʼ ἀ. prob. refer to them, too, and so the interpr. of ἀπʼ ἀ.=‘(of) the things sold in the market’, though linguistically poss. (ἀ. in this sense X. et al.; simply=‘food’: Memnon [I B.C./I A.D.]: 434 Fgm. 1, 29, 9 p. 359, 12 Jac.; Appian, Sicil. 2 §10 and 4; Polyaenus 3, 10, 10; 5, 2, 10; Jos., Bell. 1, 308, Ant. 14, 472; pap in Preis.) is untenable.—B. 822. DELG. M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἀγορά

  • 17 ἀπογραφή

    ἀπογραφή, ῆς, ἡ (s. ἀπογράφω; Lysias, Pla. et al.; SIG 1023, 45 and 71; 1109, 34; 1157, 33, OGI 338, 11 and 34; very freq. pap; LXX, EpArist, Joseph.; Just., A I, 34, 2, D. 78, 4) administrative term ‘list, inventory’ of the statistical reports and declarations of citizens for the purpose of completing the tax lists and family registers (s. Mitt-Wilck. I/1 175f; 178; 202ff; 225ff, I/2 198ff, esp. 202, the census edict of C. Vibius Maximus, 104 A.D. [=PLond III, 904, 25f, restored]; on this Dssm., LO 231f [LAE 268f]). Lk 2:2 the word means census, registration, of the census taken by Quirinius. Joseph. puts a census taken by Q. in 6/7 A.D. (cp. Jos., Bell. 7, 253, Ant. 18, 3). Presumably Ac 5:37 ἐν τ. ἡμέραις τ. ἀπογραφῆς also refers to this census. The chronology is full of problems, on which see the handbooks. See Schürer I 399–427 (lit.); Ramsay, Bearing 238ff; Zahn, Lk 129–35 and Exk. IV; EKlostermann, Hdb. on Lk 2:1–3; M-JLagrange, RB n.s. 8, 1911, 60–84; EGroag, Prosopogr. Beitr. VII (JÖAI 21/22, 1924 Beiblatt, cols. 445–78); HWindisch, NThT 16, 1927, 106–24; AvPremerstein, Ztschr. d. Savigny-Stiftg. f. Rechtsgeschichte 48, 1928, Rom. Abt. 449ff; LRTaylor, AJP 54, ’33, 120–33; RSyme, The Roman Revolution ’39, 397–401; ESeraphin, CBQ 7, ’45, 91–96; FHauck, Theol. Hndkomm., Lk p. 37; Goodsp., Probs. 71f; MHombert-CPréaux, Recherches sur le recensement dans l’Egypte romaine, ’52; EStauffer, Jesus, Gestalt u. Geschichte, ’57, Die Dauer des Census Augusti: Studien zum NT u. zur Patristik, ’61, 9–34; HInstinsky, D. Jahr der Geburt Christi, ’57; HBraunert, Historia 6, ’57, 192–214, Cives Romani und ΚΑΤʼ ΟΙΚΙΑΝ ΑΠΟΓΡΑΦΑΙ: Antidoron MDavid in Papyrologica Lugd.-Bat. vol. 17, ’68, 11–21 (lit.; EStauffer, Festschr. Klostermann ’61, 9ff; JThorley, The Nativity Census: What Does Luke Actually Say?: Greece and Rome, ser. 2, 26, ’79, 81–84; Haenchen ad loc.; BPalme, ProBib 2, ’93, 1–24). S. also on ἡγεμονεύω and Κυρήνιος.—Boffo, Iscrizioni 182f (lit.). New Docs 6, 115–19. DELG s.v. γράφω. M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἀπογραφή

  • 18 ἐπιούσιος

    ἐπιούσιος, ον according to Origen, De Orat. 27, 7, coined by the evangelists. Grave doubt is cast on the one possible occurrence of ἐ. which is independent of our lit. (Sb 5224, 20), by BMetzger, How Many Times Does ἐ. Occur Outside the Lord’s Prayer?: ET 69, ’57/58, 52–54=Historical and Literary Studies, ’68, 64–66; it seems likely that Origen was right after all. Found in our lit. only w. ἄρτος in the Lord’s Prayer Mt 6:11; Lk 11:3; D 8:2. Variously interpreted: Sin. Syr. (on Lk) and Cur. Syr. אמינא continual (DHadidian, NTS 5, ’58/59, 75–81); Peshitta דסונקנן for our need; Itala ‘panis quotidianus’, ‘daily bread’; Jerome ‘panis supersubstantialis’ (on this JHennig, TS 4, ’43, 445–54); GHb 62, 42 מָחָר = Lat. ‘crastinus’ for tomorrow. Of modern interpretations the following are worth mentioning:
    ① deriving it fr. ἐπὶ and οὐσία necessary for existence (in agreement w. Origen, Chrysostom, and Jerome are e.g. Beza, Tholuck, HEwald, Bleek, Weizsäcker, BWeiss, HCremer; Billerb. I 420; CRogge, PhilolWoch 47, 1927, 1129–35; FHauck, ZNW 33, ’34, 199–202; RWright, CQR 157, ’56, 340–45; HBourgoin, Biblica 60, ’79, 91–96; Betz, SM p. 398f, with provisional support).
    ② a substantivizing of ἐπὶ τὴν οὖσαν sc. ἡμέραν for the current day, for today (cp. Thu. 1, 2, 2 τῆς καθʼ ἡμέραν ἀναγκαίου τροφῆς; Vi. Aesopi W. 110 p. 102 P. τὸν καθημερινὸν ζήτει προσλαμβάνειν ἄρτον καὶ εἰς τὴν αὔριον ἀποθησαύριζε. Cp. Pind., O. 1, 99.—Acc. to Artem. 1, 5 p. 12, 26–28 one loaf of bread is the requirement for one day. S. ἐφήμερος.)—ADebrunner, Glotta 4, 1912, 249–53; 13, 1924, 167–71, SchTZ 31, 1914, 38–41, Kirchenfreund 59, 1925, 446–8, ThBl 8, 1929, 212f, B-D-F §123, 1; 124, PhilolWoch 51, ’31, 1277f (but s. CSheward, ET 52 ’40/41, 119f).—AThumb, Griechische Grammatik 1913, 675; ESchwyzer II 473, 2.
    ③ for the following day fr. ἡ ἐπιοῦσα sc. ἡμέρα (cp. schol. Pind., N. 3, 38 νῦν μὲν ὡς ἥρωα, τῇ δὲ ἐπιούση ὡς θεόν=today viewed as a hero, on the morrow a god; s. ἔπειμι): Grotius, Wettstein; Lghtf., On a Fresh Revision of the English NT3 1891, 217–60; Zahn, JWeiss; Harnack, SBBerlAk 1904, 208; EKlostermann; Mlt-H. p. 313f; PSchmiedel: W-S. §16, 3b note 23, SchTZ 30, 1913, 204–20; 31, 1914, 41–69; 32, 1915, 80; 122–33, PM 1914, 358–64, PhilolWoch 48, 1928, 1530–36, ThBl 8, 1929, 258f; ADeissmann, Heinrici Festschr. 1914, 115–19, RSeeberg Festschr. 1929, I 299–306, The NT in the Light of Modern Research, 1929, 84–86; AFridrichsen, SymbOsl 2, 1924, 31–41 (GRudberg ibid. 42; 3, 1925, 76); 9, 1930, 62–68; OHoltzmann; ASteinmann, D. Bergpredigt 1926, 104f; FPölzl-TInnitzer, Mt4 ’32, 129f; SKauchtschischwili, PhilolWoch 50, 1930, 1166–68.—FStiebitz, ibid. 47, 1927, 889–92, w. ref. to Lat. ‘diaria’=the daily ration of food, given out for the next day; someth. like: give us today our daily portion—acc. to FDölger, Ac 5, ’36, 201–10, one loaf of bread (likew. WCrönert, Gnomon 4, 1928, 89 n. 1). S. also s.v. σήμερον.
    ④ deriving it fr. ἐπιέναι ‘be coming’
    ⓐ on the analogy of τὸ ἐπιόν=‘the future’, bread for the future; so Cyrillus of Alex. and Peter of Laodicea; among the moderns, who attach var. mngs. to it, esp. ASeeberg, D. 4te Bitte des V.-U., Rektoratsrede Rostock 1914, Heinrici Festschr. 1914, 109; s. LBrun, Harnack-Ehrung 1921, 22f.
    ⓑ in the mng. ‘come to’: give us this day the bread that comes to it, i.e. belongs to it; so KHolzinger, PhilolWoch 51, ’31, 825–30; 857–63; 52, ’32, 383f.
    ⓒ equal to ἐπιών= next acc. to TShearman, JBL 53,’34, 110–17.
    ⓓ the bread which comes upon (us) viz. from the Father, so AHultgren, ATR 72, ’90, 41–54.
    ⓔ The petition is referred to the coming Kingdom and its feast by: REisler, ZNW 24, 1925, 190–92; JSchousboe, RHR 48, 1927, 233–37; ASchweitzer, D. Mystik des Ap. Pls 1930, 233–35; JJeremias, Jesus als Weltvollender 1930, 52; ELittmann, ZNW 34, ’35, 29; cp. EDelebecque, Études grecques sur l’évangile de Luc ’76, 167–81.—S. also GLoeschcke, D. Vaterunser-Erklärung des Theophilus v. Antioch. 1908; GWalther, Untersuchungen z. Gesch. d. griech. Vaterunser-Exegese 1914; DVölter, PM 18, 1914, 274ff; 19, 1915, 20ff, NThT 4, 1915, 123ff; ABolliger, SchTZ 30, 1913, 276–85; GKuhn, ibid. 31, 1914, 33ff; 36, 1919, 191ff; EvDobschütz, HTR 7, 1914, 293–321; RWimmerer, Glotta 12, 1922, 68–82; EOwen, JTS 35, ’34, 376–80; JHensler, D. Vaterunser 1914; JSickenberger, Uns. ausreichendes Brot gib uns heute 1923; PFiebig, D. Vaterunser 1927, 81–83; GDalman, Worte2 1930, 321–34; HHuber, D. Bergpredigt ’32; GBonaccorsi, Primi saggi di filologia neotest. I ’33, 61–63; 533–39; JHerrmann, D. atl. Urgrund des Vaterunsers: OProcksch Festchr. ’34, 71–98; MBlack, JTS 42, ’41, 186–89, An Aramaic Approach3, ’67, 203–7, 299f, n. 3; SMowinckel, Artos epiousios: NorTT 40, ’42, 247–55; ELohmeyer, D. Vaterunser erkl. ’46.—Lit.: JCarmignac, Recherches sur le ‘Notre Père’, ’69; CHemer, JSNT 22, ’84, 81–94; Betz, SM 396–400.—M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἐπιούσιος

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