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Hardness

  • 1 dūritia

        dūritia ae （acc. duritiem, O., Ct.), f    [durus], hardness: Duritiam tacto capere ab aere, O.: ferri, Ct.: pellis, O.—Fig., hardness, austerity: duritiae student, Cs.: virilis: consueta, S.— Absence of feeling, insensibility: animi sicut corporis: duritiā ferrum ut superes, O. — Harshness, strictness, rigor: tua antiqua, T.: Duritiae agi reus, O.— Oppressiveness: imperii, Ta.: caeli militiaeque, Ta.
    * * *
    hardness, insensibility; hardship, oppressiveness; strictness, rigor

    Latin-English dictionary > dūritia

  • 2 rigor

        rigor ōris, m    [REG-], stiffness, hardness, firmness, rigor: ferri, V.: saxorum, O.— Cold, chilliness: Alpinus, O.: torpentes rigore nervi, L.— Fig., hardness, roughness, rudeness: Te tuus iste rigor decet, O.: disciplinae veteris, Ta.
    * * *
    stiffness, rigidity, coldness, numbness, hardness; inflexibility; severity

    Latin-English dictionary > rigor

  • 3 duritia

    dūrĭtĭa, ae (also rarely dūrĭtĭes, Cels. 3, 24; 6, 18, 6 al.; acc.: duritiem, * Lucr. 4. 268; Cat. 66, 50; Ov. M. 1, 401; 4, 751; id. H. 4, 85 Jahn. N. cr.; abl.:

    duritie,

    Plin. Pan. 82, 6; Suet. Ner. 34), f. [durus], hardness.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    saxi,

    Lucr. 4, 269; cf. Ov. M. 1, 401;

    and 4, 751: ferri,

    Cat. 66, 50:

    adamantina,

    Plin. 37, 11, 73, § 189:

    lactis coacti,

    id. 23, 7, 64, § 126:

    pellis,

    Ov. M. 3, 64 sq. et saep.—
    B.
    Esp., in medic. lang., induration:

    praecordiorum,

    Cels. 3, 24:

    alvi,

    Suet. Ner. 34:

    vulvarum,

    Plin. 28, 19, 77, § 250 al. —In the plur., Plin. 23, 4, 40, § 82 sq.; 28, 15, 60, § 212; 25, 5, 22, § 55; 28, 17, 70, § 234 al.—
    2.
    Of wine, hardness, harsh flavor, opp. suavitas, Plin. 14, 7, 9, § 74.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    (Acc. to durus, II. A.) A severe mode of life, rigor, austerity: in parsimonia atque in duritia atque industria omnem adolescentiam meam abstinui, agro colendo, etc., Cato ap. Fest. S. V. REPASTINARI, p. 281, 23 Müll.; Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 75; id. Truc. 2, 2, 56; * Caes. B. G. 6, 21, 3; Cic. Tusc. 5, 26, 74; id. Part. 23, 81; Sall. J. 100, 5; Tac. A. 6, 34; Plin. Pan. 82, 6 al.; cf.

    transf.: qui patientiam et duritiam in Socratico sermone maxime adamārat,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 17. —
    2.
    Absence of feeling, insensibility:

    eam animi duritiam, sicut corporis, quod cum uritur non sentit, etc.,

    Cic. Dom. 36, 97; cf. id. ib. 38, 101:

    duritiā ferrum ut superes adamantaque,

    Ov. H. 2, 137;

    so in eccl. Lat. freq. cordis,

    Vulg. Matt. 19, 8; and duritia alone:

    populi,

    id. Deut. 9, 27.—
    B.
    (Acc. to durus, II.) Harshness, strictness, rigor: tua duritia antiqua, * Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 26; Prop. 3, 12, 20 (4, 11, 20 M.).— Poet.:

    duritiae mihi non agerere reus,

    Ov. Tr. 1, 8, 46; cf.:

    oris, qui depudere didicerat,

    Sen. Const. Sap. 17.—
    C.
    (Acc. to durus, II. B.) Hardness, oppressiveness, severity:

    duritia lenitasve multarum (legum),

    Suet. Claud. 14; so,

    imperii,

    Tac. H. 1, 23:

    operum,

    id. A. 1, 35; cf.:

    caeli militiaeque,

    id. ib. 13, 35.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > duritia

  • 4 rigor

    rĭgor, ōris, m. [rigeo], stiffness, inflexibility, rigidity, numbness, hardness, firmness, rigor (not freq. till after the Aug. per.; not in Cic.; cf. durities).
    I.
    Lit.:

    tandem bruma nives affert pigrumque rigorem,

    Lucr. 5, 746:

    cervicis,

    stiffness, rigidity, Plin. 28, 12, 52, § 192; 32, 8, 28, § 89; cf.:

    immobilis faciei,

    Quint. 9, 3, 101:

    vultus (in portraits),

    Plin. 35, 9, 35, § 58:

    nervorum,

    i. e. a cramp, spasm, Cels. 2, 1 and 7; so too simply rigor; and in plur., Plin. 26, 12, 81, § 130; 35, 6, 27, § 46.—
    B.
    Esp.
    1.
    A straight course or direction:

    fluminis,

    Dig. 43, 12, 1, § 5; cf.

    stillicidii,

    ib. 8, 2, 41; hence, in the agrimensores, a straight line or course (opp. flexus), Front. Expos. Form. p. 38 Goes.; Aggen. Limit. p. 46 fin.; Sicul. Fl. p. 5; Front. Colon. p. 120 al.—
    2.
    Hardness, firmness:

    auri,

    Lucr. 1, 492:

    ferri,

    Verg. G. 1, 143:

    saxorum,

    Ov. M. 1, 401 (with durities):

    lapidis,

    Plin. 36, 16, 25, § 126:

    arborum,

    Vitr. 2, 9; Plin. 16, 40, 77, § 209; Col. 4, 16, 4 al.—
    II.
    Transf., the stiffness produced by cold, for cold itself, chilliness, Lucr. 5, 640; 6, 368 (opp. calor); 307 (opp. ignis); cf.

    Alpinus,

    Ov. M. 14, 794:

    septentrionis,

    Tac. A. 2, 23:

    caeli et soli,

    Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 217:

    recentissimus aquae,

    Col. 9, 14, 7:

    torpentibus rigore nervis,

    Liv. 21, 58 fin. et saep.—
    III.
    Trop., hardness, inflexibility, stiffness, roughness, severity, rigor (cf.:

    severitas, asperitas, morositas): accentus rigore quodam minus suaves habemus,

    Quint. 12, 10, 33 (cf. rigidus, II. init.):

    te tuus iste rigor, positique sine arte capilli... decet,

    rudeness, Ov. H. 4, 77:

    nocuit antiquus rigor et nimia severitas,

    Tac. H. 1, 18 fin.:

    animi,

    id. A. 6, 50; cf. Plin. 7, 19, 18, § 79; Sen. Ira, 1, 16, 13 (opp. constantia):

    disciplinae veteris,

    Tac. H. 1, 83:

    juris,

    Dig. 49, 1, 19.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > rigor

  • 5 callositas

    callōsĭtas, ātis, f. [callosus], hardness of skin, callousness (post-class.), Scrib. Comp. 36:

    fistulae,

    Veg. 3, 27, 3.— Trop., hardness, a hardening:

    usus communis,

    Tert. Testim. Anim. 8:

    voluntarii erroris,

    id. adv. Nat. 2, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > callositas

  • 6 callum

    callum, i, n. ( callus, i, m., Cels. 5, 18, 36; 5, 26, 31 al.; Domit. Mars. ap. Charis. p. 55; plur. calli, Scrib. Comp. 37; 205; Suet. Aug. 80) [cf. Gr. kalamê; Lat. culmus, culmen].
    I.
    The hardened, thick skin upon animal bodies:

    fere res omnes aut corio sunt Aut etiam conchis aut callo aut cortice tectae,

    Lucr. 4, 935:

    calceamentum solorum callum,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 90:

    pedum,

    Plin. 22, 25, 60, § 127; cf. id. 9, 35, 54, § 108.— Plur., Suet. Aug. 80.—Hence,
    B.
    Meton.
    1.
    The hard flesh of certain animals:

    aprugnum,

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 2; id. Pers. 2, 5, 4; for which absol. callum, id. Capt. 4, 3, 4; id. Ps. 1, 2, 33:

    manus elephanti,

    Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 31:

    locustarum,

    id. 9, 30, 50, § 95.—
    2.
    The hard skin or the hard flesh of plants:

    uvarum,

    Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 14:

    pirorum ac malorum,

    id. 15, 28, 34, § 116:

    fungorum,

    id. 22, 23, 47, § 96:

    foliorum,

    id. 16, 22, 34, § 82; Pall. Mart. 10, 28 al.—
    3.
    The hard covering of the soil:

    terrae,

    Plin. 17, 5, 3, § 33; 19, 2, 11, § 33; 31, 4, 30, § 53; also, of the hardness of salt:

    salis,

    id. 16, 12, 23, § 56.—
    II.
    Trop., hardness, callousness, insensibility, stupidity (rare;

    most freq. in Cic.): ipse labor quasi callum quoddam obducit dolori,

    renders callous to pain, Cic. Tusc. 2, 15, 36; 3, 22, 53; id. Fam. 9, 2, 3:

    ducere,

    Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 8, 2:

    inducere,

    Quint. 12, 6, 6.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > callum

  • 7 callus

    callum, i, n. ( callus, i, m., Cels. 5, 18, 36; 5, 26, 31 al.; Domit. Mars. ap. Charis. p. 55; plur. calli, Scrib. Comp. 37; 205; Suet. Aug. 80) [cf. Gr. kalamê; Lat. culmus, culmen].
    I.
    The hardened, thick skin upon animal bodies:

    fere res omnes aut corio sunt Aut etiam conchis aut callo aut cortice tectae,

    Lucr. 4, 935:

    calceamentum solorum callum,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 90:

    pedum,

    Plin. 22, 25, 60, § 127; cf. id. 9, 35, 54, § 108.— Plur., Suet. Aug. 80.—Hence,
    B.
    Meton.
    1.
    The hard flesh of certain animals:

    aprugnum,

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 2; id. Pers. 2, 5, 4; for which absol. callum, id. Capt. 4, 3, 4; id. Ps. 1, 2, 33:

    manus elephanti,

    Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 31:

    locustarum,

    id. 9, 30, 50, § 95.—
    2.
    The hard skin or the hard flesh of plants:

    uvarum,

    Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 14:

    pirorum ac malorum,

    id. 15, 28, 34, § 116:

    fungorum,

    id. 22, 23, 47, § 96:

    foliorum,

    id. 16, 22, 34, § 82; Pall. Mart. 10, 28 al.—
    3.
    The hard covering of the soil:

    terrae,

    Plin. 17, 5, 3, § 33; 19, 2, 11, § 33; 31, 4, 30, § 53; also, of the hardness of salt:

    salis,

    id. 16, 12, 23, § 56.—
    II.
    Trop., hardness, callousness, insensibility, stupidity (rare;

    most freq. in Cic.): ipse labor quasi callum quoddam obducit dolori,

    renders callous to pain, Cic. Tusc. 2, 15, 36; 3, 22, 53; id. Fam. 9, 2, 3:

    ducere,

    Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 8, 2:

    inducere,

    Quint. 12, 6, 6.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > callus

  • 8 ossilago

    ossĭlāgo, ĭnis, f. [2. os], a hardness as of bone, a bony hardness (post-class.):

    tumor ossilagini similis,

    Veg. Vet. 2, 22.—
    II.
    = Ossipaga, Arn. 4, p. 131.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ossilago

  • 9 concrētum

        concrētum ī, n    [concretus], hardness, solid matter: nihil concreti habere.—Hard frost, stiff frost (sc. gelu), V.
    * * *
    concrete; firm/solid matter

    Latin-English dictionary > concrētum

  • 10 corneus

        corneus adj.    [cornu], of horn, horny: rostrum: arcus, O.: porta Somni, V.
    * * *
    I
    cornea, corneum ADJ
    made of/belonging to cornel-tree/wood; (of genus Cornus); (for arrow/javelin)
    II
    cornea, corneum ADJ
    of horn, made of horn, horn-; resembling horn (hardness/appearance); horny

    Latin-English dictionary > corneus

  • 11 corneus

        corneus adj.    [1 cornus], of the cornel-tree: virgulta, V.— Of cornel-wood: hastilia, V., O.
    * * *
    I
    cornea, corneum ADJ
    made of/belonging to cornel-tree/wood; (of genus Cornus); (for arrow/javelin)
    II
    cornea, corneum ADJ
    of horn, made of horn, horn-; resembling horn (hardness/appearance); horny

    Latin-English dictionary > corneus

  • 12 inīquitās

        inīquitās ātis, f    [iniquus], inequality, unevenness: loci, Cs.: in talibus iniquitatibus locorum, L.—Fig., unfavorableness, difficulty, hardness: loci, L.: rerum, Cs.: temporum.—Unfairness, injustice, unreasonableness: praetoris, S.: iudici: iniquitatis condemnari, Cs.: vestram iniquitatem accusatote, unreasonable demands: deūm, L.: ad obtinendas iniquitates, enforcing unjust measures, Ta.
    * * *
    unfairness, inequality, unevenness (of terrain)

    Latin-English dictionary > inīquitās

  • 13 rōbur

        rōbur oris, n    hard-wood, oak-wood, oak: naves totae factae ex robore, Cs.: (sapiens) non est e robore dolatus: Illi robur et aes triplex Circa pectus erat, H.—Very hard wood: morsus Roboris, i. e. of the wild olive, V.: solido de robore myrtus, V.—A tree-trunk: annoso validam robore quercum, i. e. old and sturdy, V.: antiquo robore quercus, with ancient trunk, V.—An oak-tree, oak: fixa est pariter cum robore cervix, i. e. was pinned fast to the oak, O.: agitata robora pulsant (delphines), O.—A piece of oak, structure of hard wood: in robore accumbunt, i. e. on hard benches: sacrum, i. e. the wooden horse, V.: ferro praefixum, i. e. lance, V.: nodosum, i. e. club, O.: aratri, i. e. the oaken plough, V.—A stronghold, dungeon: in robore et tenebris exspiret, L.: Italum, H.—Fig., hardness, physical strength, firmness, vigor, power: aeternaque ferri Robora, V.: navium, L.: satis aetatis atque roboris habere: corporum animorumque, L.: solidaeque suo stant robore vires, V. —Enduring strength, force, vigor: virtutis: animi: pectus robore fultum, O.: neque his (gentibus) tantum virium aut roboris fuit, L.—The best part, pith, kernel, strength, flower, choice: totius Italiae: quod fuit roboris, duobus proeliis interiit, Cs.: senatūs robur, L.: haec sunt nostra robora: lecta robora virorum, L.: robora pubis, V.
    * * *
    oak (tree/timber/trunk/club/post/cell); tough core; resolve/purpose; B:tetnus; strength/firmness/solidity; vigor, robustness; potency, force, effectiveness; military strength/might/power; heart, main strength, strongest element; mainstay/bulwark, source of strength; stronghold, position of strength

    Latin-English dictionary > rōbur

  • 14 silex

        silex icis, m and (poet.) f    a hard stone, flint, flint-stone, fire-stone, granite: silicem caedere: vias sternere silice, L.: silici scintillam excudere, V.: silicem iaculatus in hostīs, O.: silicem pedibus quae conteret atrum, Iu.: privos lapides silices secum ferre, L.— As a symbol of hardness or fixedness of character: non silice nati sumus: Nec rigidas silices in pectore gerit, O.—A rock, crag: Stabat acuta silex praecisis undique saxis, V.— Lime-stone: terrenā silices fornace soluti, O.
    * * *
    pebble/stone, flint; boulder, stone

    Latin-English dictionary > silex

  • 15 callositas

    hardening/thickening of skin, callus; callousness; hardness; hardening

    Latin-English dictionary > callositas

  • 16 derigeo

    derigere, -, - V TRANS
    soften, remove hardness

    Latin-English dictionary > derigeo

  • 17 duramen

    Latin-English dictionary > duramen

  • 18 durities

    hardness, insensibility; hardship, oppressiveness; strictness, rigor

    Latin-English dictionary > durities

  • 19 rigor

    stiffness, hardness, sterness.

    Latin-English dictionary of medieval > rigor

  • 20 acer

    1.
    ăcer, ĕris, n. [kindred with Germ. Ahorn] (f. Serv. ap. Prisc. p. 698 P.), the maple-tree, Plin. 16, 15, 26, § 66 sq.—
    II.
    Transf., the wood of the maple-tree, maplewood, used, on account of its hardness and firmness, for writing-tablets, Plin. 33, 11, 52, § 146; Ov. Am. 1, 11, 28.
    2.
    ācer, cris, cre, adj. (m. acris, Enn.; f. acer, Naev. and Enn.; acrus, a um, Pall.; Veg.; cf. Charis. 63 and 93 P.) [cf. akis, akôn, akmê, akros, ôkus, oxus; Sanscr. acan = dart, acus = swift; Germ. Ecke; Engl. edge, to egg; and with change of quantity, ăcus, acuo, ăceo, ăcies, ăcerbus], sharp, pointed, piercing, and the like.
    I.
    Prop., of the senses and things affecting them, sharp, dazzling, stinging, pungent, fine, piercing:

    praestans valetudine, viribus, formā, acerrimis integerrimisque sensibus,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 15, 45. So,
    a.
    Of the sight:

    acerrimus sensus videndi,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 87, 357:

    acres oculi,

    id. Planc. 27:

    splendor,

    Lucr. 4, 304:

    quidam colores ruboris acerrimi,

    Sen. Q. N. 1, 14 al. —
    b.
    Of the hearing:

    voce increpet acri?

    Lucr. 3, 953:

    aurium mensura, quod est acrius judicium et certius,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 47:

    acrem flammae sonitum,

    Verg. G. 4, 409:

    acri tibiā,

    Hor. C. 1, 12, 1.—
    c.
    Of smell, Lucr. 4, 122:

    exstinctum lumen acri nidore offendit nares,

    id. 6, 792; cf. ib. 1216:

    unguentis minus diu delectemur summa et acerrima suavitate conditis, quam his moderatis,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 25, 99:

    odor,

    Plin. 12, 17, 40.—
    d.
    Of taste: ut vitet acria, ut est sinapi, cepa, allium, Var. ap. Non. 201, 13:

    acres humores,

    sharp juices, Cic. N. D. 2, 23:

    lactuca innatat acri stomacho,

    an acid stomach, Hor. S. 2, 4, 59; cf. ib. 2, 8, 7:

    dulcibus cibis acres acutosque miscere,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 3 al. —
    e.
    Of sensation in its widest extent: aestatem auctumnus sequitur, post acer hiems fit, sharp, severe, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 647 P. (Ann. v. 406 ed. Vahl.—cf. Lucr. 3, 20; 4, 261); and so Hor.: solvitur acris hiems, C. 1. 4, 1. —
    B.
    Of the internal states of the human system, violent, sharp, severe, gnawing:

    fames, Naev. ap. Prisc. l. l. (B. Punic. p. 18 ed. Vahl.): somnus, Enn. ap. Prisc. l. l. (Ann. v. 369): morbus,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 119:

    dolor,

    Lucr. 6, 650:

    sitis,

    Tib. 1, 3, 77 al.
    II.
    Of the states of mind: violent, vehement, passionate, consuming: mors amici subigit, quae mihi est senium multo acerrimum, Att. ap. Non. 2, 22:

    acri ira percitus,

    Lucr. 5, 400: cf. 3, 312;

    6, 754 (on the contrary, 5, 1194: iras acerbas): acres curae,

    Lucr. 3, 463, and Var. ap. Non. 241:

    luctus,

    ib. 87:

    dolor,

    Verg. A. 7, 291:

    metus,

    Lucr. 6, 1211; Verg. A. 1, 362:

    amor,

    Tib. 2, 6, 15:

    acrior ad Venerem cupido,

    Curt. 6, 5 al. (Among unpleasant sensations, acer designates a piercing, wounding by sharpness; but acerbus the rough, harsh, repugnant, repulsive.)—
    B.
    Applied to the intellectual qualities, subtle, acute, penetrating, sagacious, shrewd:

    acrem irritat virtutem animi,

    Lucr. 1, 70:

    acri judicio perpende,

    id. 2, 1041:

    memoria,

    strong, retentive, Cic. de Or. 2, 87:

    vir acri ingenio,

    id. Or. 5; cf. id. Sest. 20 al. —
    C.
    Applied to moral qualities.
    1.
    In a good sense, active, ardent, eager, spirited, brave, zealous:

    milites,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 10:

    civis acerrimus,

    an ardent patriot, id. Fam. 10, 28:

    defensor,

    id. ib. 1, 1:

    studio acriore esse,

    id. de Or. 1, 21:

    jam tum acer curas venientem extendit in annum rusticus,

    Verg. G. 2, 405 al. —
    2.
    In a bad sense, violent, hasty, hot, passionate, fierce, severe (very freq.):

    uxor acerrima,

    enraged, angry, Plaut. Merc. 4, 4, 56; Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 32:

    dominos acres,

    Lucr. 6, 63; Nep. Tim. 3, 5; cf. Bremi Nep. Eum. 11, 1. Also, of animals, Lucr. 4, 421; 5, 860; Verg. A. 4, 156; Hor. Epod. 12, 6; 2, 31; Nep. Eum. 11, 1. —
    D.
    Of abstract things (mostly poet.), Ter. Ph. 2, 2, 32:

    egestas,

    Lucr. 3, 65:

    poenas,

    id. 6, 72:

    impetus,

    ib. 128; 392:

    acerrimum bellum,

    Cic. Balb. 6:

    nox acerrima atque acerbissima,

    id. Sull. 18:

    acrius supplicium,

    id. Cat. 1, 1; in Quint.: acres syllabae, which proceed from short to long, 9, 4.—Acer is constr. with abl., and also (esp. in the histt. of the silv. age) with gen., Vell. 1, 13; Tac. H. 2, 5 al.; cf. Ramsh. § 107, 6 note. With in, Cic. Fam. 8, 15; with inf., Sil. 3, 338.— Adv.: ācrĭter, sharply, strongly, vehemently, eagerly, zealously, etc., in all the signif. of the adj., Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 110; id. Ps. 1, 3, 39; Lucr. 6, 783; Cic. Tusc. 1, 30 al.— Comp., Lucr. 3, 54; 5, 1147; Hor. S. 2, 3, 92; Tac. A. 6, 45; 13, 3.— Sup., Cic. Fl. 11; id. Fam. 10, 28; 15, 4.—Also, ācre, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 132, 25; App. M. 10, 32; and perh. Pers. 4, 34.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > acer

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  • Hardness — This article is about mechanical properties of materials. For other uses, see Hard. Hardness is the measure of how resistant solid matter is to various kinds of permanent shape change when a force is applied. Macroscopic hardness is generally… …   Wikipedia

  • hardness — /hahrd nis/, n. 1. the state or quality of being hard: the hardness of ice. 2. a relative degree or extent of this quality: wood of a desirable hardness. 3. that quality in water that is imparted by the presence of dissolved salts, esp. calcium… …   Universalium

  • Hardness — (Roget s Thesaurus) < N PARAG:Hardness >N GRP: N 1 Sgm: N 1 hardness hardness &c. >Adj. Sgm: N 1 rigidity rigidity Sgm: N 1 renitence renitence renitency Sgm: N 1 inflexibility inflexibility temper callosity …   English dictionary for students

  • hardness —    a measure of the hardness of a metal or mineral. Hardness is a property easy to appreciate but difficult to quantify and measure.    The Mohs hardness scale is used in geology to give a rough estimate of hardness by testing which minerals are… …   Dictionary of units of measurement

  • hardness — The toughness of the surface of a metal. See brinell hardness indentation hardness rockwell hardness shore hardness …   Dictionary of automotive terms

  • hardness — 1. The degree of firmness of a solid, as determined by its resistance to deformation, scratching, or abrasion. SEE ALSO: h. scale, number. 2. The relative penetrating power of a beam of x rays, used both within the diagnostic range of …   Medical dictionary

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