870c

κτάομαι, [dialect] Ion. [full] κτέομαι, only as v.l. in Hdt.8.112: [tense] fut.

A

κτήσομαι Archil.6.4

, Thgn.200, A.Eu. 289, Th.6.30, Pl.R. 417a, etc. (in pass. sense, Plot.2.9.15, s.v.l.);

κεκτήσομαι A.Th. 1022

, E.Ba. 514, Pl.Grg. 467a ( ἐκτήσομαι in La. 192e, and prob. in Emp.110.4): [tense] aor. ἐκτησάμην, [dialect] Ep.κτ-, Od.14.4, Pi.Pae.2.59, etc.: [tense] pf.

κέκτημαι Hes.Op. 437

, etc.,

ἔκτημαι Il.9.402

, A.Pr. 795, Hdt.2.44, and sts. in Pl. ( κεκτῄμεθα and ἐκτῆσθαι in following lines, R. 505b,

ἐκτῆσθαι τοῦ κεκτῆσθαι ἕνεκα Tht. 198d

); [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3pl.

ἐκτέαται Hdt.4.23

; subj.

κέκτωμαι Isoc.3.49

, Pl. Lg. 936b; opt. κεκτῄμην, ῇτο, ib. 731c, 742e,

κεκτῴμην E.Heracl. 282

codd.: [tense] plpf.

ἐκεκτήμην And.1.74

, 4.41, Lys.2.17, etc.; poet.

κεκτήμην E.IA 404

; [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3pl.

ἔκτηντο Hdt.2.108

; [dialect] Att. [ per.] 1pl. ἐκτήμεθα f.l. in And.3.37: for [tense] fut. and [tense] aor. [voice] Pass., v. infr. 111.

I [tense] pres., [tense] impf., [tense] fut., and [tense] aor.,

1 procure for oneself, get, acquire,

κτήμασι τέρπεσθαι τὰ γέρων ἐκτήσατο Πηλεύς Il.9.400

, etc.; [ οἰκῆας] Od.l.c.;

γῆν A.Eu.

l.c., cf. Pers. 770; of horses, win (as a prize), Pi.N.9.52; κτήσασθαι βίον ἀπό τινος to get one's living from a thing, Hdt.8.106; win favour, and the like , χάριν ἀπό τινος, ἔκ τινος, S.Tr. 471, Ph. 1370;

παρά τινος X. Smp.4.43

;

τὴν εὔνοιαν τὴν παρὰ τῶν Ἑλλήνων Isoc.5.68

; κ. φίλους, ἑταίρους, S.Aj. 1360, E.Or. 804 (troch.);

κτήσασθαι παῖδας ἐξ ὁμοσπόρου Id.IT 696

, cf. S.OT 1499, Hdt.8.105;

παῖδας ἐς δόμους κτήσασθαι E.Fr. 491

, cf. Supp. 225;

πολλάκις δοκεῖ τὸ φυλάξαι τἀγαθὰ τοῦ κτήσασθαι χαλεπώτερον εἶναι D.1.23

.

b of consequences, bring upon oneself,

αὑτῷ θάνατον S.Aj. 968

; incur, θεᾶς ὀργήν ib. 777;

κακά Id.El. 1004

;

ξυμφοράς E.Or. 543

;

ἔχθραν πρός τινα Th.1.42

; δυσσέβειαν κ. get a name for impiety, S.Ant. 924;

κακὸν λόγον πρὸς ἀστῶν E.Heracl. 166

, cf. IT 676;

ἐκ τῶν πόνων τὰς ἀρετὰς κ. Th.1.123

.

c κ. τινὰς πολεμίους make them so, X.An.5.5.17;

οὔ ποτ' εὔνουν τὴν ἐμὴν κτήσῃ φρένα S.Ph. 1281

.

2 procure or get for another,

ἐμοὶ δ' ἐκτήσατο κεῖνος Od.20

. 265;

μέγαν τέκνοις πλοῦτον ἐκτήσω A.Pers. 755

(troch.), cf. X. Oec.15.1.

II in [tense] pf. and [tense] plpf. with [tense] fut. κεκτήσομαι, to have acquired, i.e. possess, hold (opp. χρῆσθαι, Pl.Euthd. 28od),

οὐδ' ὅσα φασὶν Ἴλιον ἐκτῆσθαι Il.9.402

, cf. X. Cyr.8.3.46, Pl.Phdr. 260b;

ὅπλα μὴ ἐκτῆσθαι Hdt.1.155

, cf. S.Ph. 778;

στρατὸν πλεῖστον ἐκτημένοι Hdt.7.161

;

κοινὸν ὄμμ' ἐκτημέναι A.Pr. 795

; φωνὴν βάρβαρον κεκτ. Id.Ag. 1051;

κεκτ. τινὰ σύμμαχον E.Ba. 1343

;

κ. κάλλος X.Smp.1.8

;

ἀρετήν Pl.Prt. 340e

;

τέχνην Lys.24.6

; ποίησιν to be master of it, Pl.Lg. 829c: dub. in [tense] aor., ἀγορὰς κτησάμενοι having market-places, Hdt.1.153 (leg. στησάμενοι): with impers. subject, πραγμάτων ἀγῶνας κεκτημένων involving effort, Epicur.Sent.21:—the diff.between [tense] pres. and [tense] pf. appears from X.Mem.1.6.3, ἃ [χρήματα] καὶ κτωμένους εὐφραίνει καὶ κεκτημένους.. ποιεῖ ζῆν: later, [tense] pres. in [tense] pf. sense, Ev.Luc.18.12.

b of evils,

ἄγος κεκτήσεται θεῶν A.Th. 1022

;

κακά E.Hel. 272

;

φθόνον Pl.Lg. 870c

.

c have in store, opp. ἔχω, have in hand, ready for use,

ἔχων τε καὶ κεκτημένος.. κακά S.Ant. 1278

;

ἔχειν τε καὶ κεκτῆσθαι τὸ ψεῦδος Pl.R. 382b

. cf. Tht. 197b, 198d, Cra. 393b; κ. ἱμάτιον own, opp. ἔχειν (wear), Id.Tht. 197b.

d abs., to be a property-owner,

τῶν ἐκτημένων ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ SIG633.73

(Milet., ii B.C.), cf. 888.15 (iii A.D.).

2 ὁ κεκτημένος owner, master (esp. of slaves), as Subst., Ar.Pl.4, etc.;

οἱ κ. A.Supp. 337

; of a husband, E.IA 715; ἡ κεκτημένη my mistress, S. Fr. 762, Ar.Ec. 1126, Men.Pk.61, al., cf. Phryn.Com.48.

III [tense] aor. 1 [voice] Pass. ἐκτήθην in pass. sense, to be gotten,

ἃ ἐκτήθη Th.1.123

, 2.36; to be obtained as property,

δουλόσυνος πρὸς οἶκον κτηθεῖσα E.Hec. 449

(lyr.), cf. D.H.10.27, etc.: [tense] fut.

κτηθήσομαι LXX Je.39

(32).43. ([voice] Act. κτάω very late, PLond.1.77 (vi A.D.).)

οὐρᾰνο-πετής, ές,

A fallen from heaven,

δαίμονες Plu.2.83

of, cf. 870c.

φόνος, ὁ, ([etym.] θείνω)

A murder, slaughter,

τεύξασα πόσει φόνον Od.11.430

;

τοίσδεσσι φόνον καὶ κῆρα φυτεύει 2.165

;

φ. ῥάπτειν 16.379

;

μερμηρίζειν 2.325

;

ὁρμαίνειν 4.843

;

σμικρῇσι φόνον φέρει ὀρνίθεσσι Il. 17.757

, etc.;

φόνον πράσσειν Pi.N.3.46

;

ἀκούσιον φ. ἐξεργάσασθαι Pl. Lg. 869a

;

βουλεῦσαί τινι S.Aj. 1055

;

ἔθου φόνον Id.OC 542

(lyr.);

ἐκπορίζειν E. Ion 1114

; of arrows,

φ. προπέμπειν S.Ph. 105

; τὸν Δωριέος πρὸς Ἐγεσταίων φόνον ἐκπρήξασθαι exact vengeance for the killing.., Hdt.7.158; κατὰ ζῴων φόνου καὶ μὴ φόνου ὧδε ἔχει killing or not-killing, Democr.257; in poet. phrases, φ. συρίζειν, κινύρεσθαι, πνεῖν, A.Pr. 357 (s. v.l.), Th. 123 (lyr.), Ag. 1309; φ. τινός the murder of.., Id.Eu. 580, etc.; φ. Ἑλληνικὸς μέγιστος slaughter of Greeks, Hdt.7.170;

ὅμαιμος αὐθέντης φ. A.Eu. 212

;

πατρῷος S.El. 955

; πολύκερως, ἄρνειος φ., Id.Aj. 55, 309;

ἐπὶ φόνῳ πράσσεις φόνον E.Or. 1579

, cf. HF 1084 (lyr.);

γέρων φ. μηκέτ' ἐν δόμοις τέκοι A.Ch. 805

(lyr.), etc.;

ὁ ὑπὸ Θήβης Ἀλεξάνδρον φ. Plu.2.856a

;

ὁ κατὰ τῶν πολιτῶν φ. D.S.19.8

: pl.,

φόνοι τ' ἀνδροκτασίαι τε Od.11.612

(personified in Hes.Th. 228);

ἔμφυλοι φ. ἀνδρῶν Thgn.51

, cf. S.OC 962.

2 in law, murder, homicide, δικάζειν τοὺς βασιλέας αἰτιῶν φόνου Lex Dracontis ap.IG12.115.12;

φόνου διώκειν τινά Antipho 6.9

;

δικάζειν δίκας φόνου Id.5.11

;

παραδοῦναι φόνου δίκην Id.6.42

;

ἁλῶναι Id.5.59

, etc.;

φεύγειν Lycurg. 133

(poet., παίδων φόνον φεύγουσα fleeing from.. E.Med. 795); ἔνοχοι

τῷ φόνῳ Antipho 1.11

;

φόνου ὑπόδικος D.54.25

; φόνου καθαρός, ἁγνός, Pl.R. 451b, Lg. 759c:

ἀκούσιος φ. D.23.72

;

φόνων ἀπέχεσθαι Ar.Ra. 1032

(anap.);

αἱ τῶν φ. δίκαι Pl.Lg. 778d

; φόνοι.. φόνοις δεόμενοι καθαίρεσθαι ib. 870c, al.; λαγχάνονται αἱ τοῦ φ. δίκαι πρὸς [τὸν βασιλέα] Arist.Ath.57.2.

3 death as a punishment,

φ. προκεῖσθαι δημόλευστον S.Ant.36

.

4 blood when shed, gore,

ἂμ φόνον, ἂν νέκυας Il.10.298

;

κέατ' ἐν φόνῳ 24.610

;

ἐρευγόμενοι φόνον αἵματος 16.162

;

φ. κέχυται γυναίκων Alc.Fr.153

Lobel;

φόνον κεύθειν Emp. 100.4

;

μέλανι ῥαίνων φόνῳ πεδίον Pi.I.8(7).55

;

φόνου κηκίς A.Ch. 1012

;

ἐμοῦσα θρόμβους οὓς ἀφείλκυσας φόνου Id.Eu. 184

;

σταγόνες S.OT 1278

;

σταλαγμοί E.Hec. 241

;

χεῖρα χραίνεσθαι φόνῳ S.Aj.43

; of a sacrifice,

ταυρείου φόνου A.Th.44

;

Ἕλλην οὗ καταστάζει φ. E.IT72

; rarely in Prose of blood, Hp.Morb.2.73.

5 corpse,

πρὶν ἴδω τὸν Ἑλένας φόνον.. κείμενον E.Or. 1357

(lyr.); ἐπὶ φόνῳ χαμαιπετεῖ ματρός ib. 1491 (lyr.).

6 rascal that deserves death, gallowsbird, a Dorian phrase, EM662.4.

II of the agent or instrument of slaughter, φόνον ἔμμεναι ἡρώεσσι to be a death to heroes, Il. 16.144, cf. Od.21.24; of poison, Mim.Oxy.413.180;

ἐν φόνῳ μαχαίρας LXX Ex.17.13

, De.13.15(16), 20.13; without ἐν, Nu.21.24.

III = ἀτρακτυλίς, Thphr.HP6.4.6.

ἐντίκτω (for ἐντέξῃ v. infr.1.2),

A bear or produce in,

δόμοις τοῖσδ' ἄρσεν' ἐντίκτω κόρον E.Andr.24

; ᾠὰ ἐ. ἐς τὴν ἰλύν drop eggs into the mud, Hdt.2.93: abs., bear children in a place, Th.3.104;

ἐντίκτουσιν ἐνταῦθα Arist.HA 552b29

; ἐν τῇ τῶν ἐλαττόνων ὀρνίθων νεοττιᾷ ἐ., of the cuckoo, ib. 563b31.

2 create or cause in,

τὸ κακοῦργον.. ἐντίκτει Κύπρις ἐν ταῖς σοφαῖσιν E.Hipp. 642

; ἐ. ἔρωτας, ἔχθρας ὄγκον, φθόνους, ἀνελευθερίαν, εὐχέρειαν τοῖς νέοις πονηρίας, σωφροσύνην, Pl.Lg. 870a, 843b, 870c, Phdr. 256e, R. 392a, 410a;

τοῖς νέοις ζῆλον Plb.12.26c

.4; ἐντέξῃ is dub. in Ar.Lys. 553.

II [tense] pf. part. ἐντετοκώς, intr., inborn, innate,

νόσον.. ἐν τῇ πόλει ἐντετοκυῖαν Id.V. 651

.

ἄνθρωπος, ου, ὁ (Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.; ἡ ἄνθρωπος [Hdt. 1, 60, 5] does not appear in our lit.) ‘human being, man, person’.

① a person of either sex, w. focus on participation in the human race, a human being

ⓐ ἐγεννήθη ἄ. J 16:21; εἰς χεῖρας ἀ. Mk 9:31; ψυχὴ ἀνθρώπου Ro 2:9; συνείδησις ἀ. 2 Cor 4:2; μέτρον ἀ. Rv 21:17.

ⓑ in contrast to animals, plants, etc. Mt 4:19; 12:12; Mk 1:17; Lk 5:10; 1 Cor 15:39; 2 Pt 2:16; Rv 9:4, 7; 13:18 al. To angels (cp. Aristaen. 1, 24, end σάτυροι οὐκ ἄνθρωποι) 1 Cor 4:9; 13:1. To God (Aeschyl., Ag. 663 θεός τις οὐκ ἄνθ.; Aeschines 3, 137 θεοὶ κ. δαίμονες; Ael. Aristid. 30 p. 578 D.; Herm. Wr. 14, 8 θεοὺς κ. ἀνθρ.; οὐκ ἐλογίσατο ὅτι ἄ. ἐστιν PsSol 2:28) Hb 13:6 (Ps 117:6); Mt 10:32f; 19:6; Mk 10:9; J 10:33 (ἄνθ. ὤν=‘as a mortal human’, a favorite formula: X., An. 7, 6, 11; Menand., Epitr. 592 Kö.; Fgm.: 46; 395, 2 Kö; Comp. I 282; Alexis Com., Fgm. 150; Polyb. 3, 31, 3; Chariton 4, 4, 8 [WBlake ’38]; Heliod. 6, 9, 3; As early as Eur., Hipp. 472ff ἄνθρωπος οὖσα … κρείσσω δαιμόνων εἶναι θέλειν); Ac 10:26; 12:22; 14:11, 15; 1 Th 2:13; Phil 2:7. ἐντάλματα ἀνθρώπων human precepts Mt 15:9; Mk 7:7 (Is 29:13); w. οὐρανός (=God) Mt 21:25; Mk 11:30. ἀδύνατα παρὰ ἀνθρώποις Lk 18:27, cp. Mt 19:26. δοῦλοι ἀνθρώπων people’s slaves 1 Cor 7:23. πείθειν and ἀρέσκειν ἀ. Gal 1:10. μεσίτης θεοῦ καὶ ἀ. 1 Ti 2:5 al. θεὸς πάντας ἀνθρώπους θέλει σωθῆναι 1 Ti 2:4 (cp. Epict. 3, 24, 2 ὁ θεὸς πάντας ἀνθρώπους ἐπὶ τὸ εὐδαιμονεῖν ἐποίησεν).

ⓒ in pl. w. gener. mng. (cp. Hom., Il. 21, 569; Od. 1, 351) οἱ ἄ. people, also one’s associates (Jos., Ant. 9, 28) Mt 5:13, 16; 6:1f, 5, 14, 18; 7:12; 8:27; 23:5; Mk 8:27 and often. οἱ τότε ἄ. the people of that time Pol 3:2.—οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων the offspring of human beings or simply human beings, people (Gen 11:5; 1 Esdr 4:37; Ps 10:4; En10:7 al.; PsSol 9:4) Mk 3:28; Eph 3:5. Sim. ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀ. as a self-designation of Jesus but s. next, also 2a and υἱός 2dγ.

ⓓ Jesus Christ is called ἄ. as one who identifies with humanity (cp. ὁ Σωτὴρ ἄ. γενόμενος Did., Gen. 41, 28) 1 Ti 2:5; Hb 2:6a (Ps 8:5a; cp. Just., A II, 6, 4). He is in contrast to Adam Ro 5:15; 1 Cor 15:21, the πρῶτος ἄ. 1 Cor 15:45, 47 (cp. Philo, Abr. 56; s. DDD 112) as δεύτερος ἄ. vs. 47. On the nature and origin of this concept cp. Ltzm. and JWeiss on 1 Cor 15:45ff; WBousset, Kyrios Christos² 1921, 120 ff, Jesus der Herr 1916, 67ff; Rtzst., Mysterienrel.³ 343ff, Erlösungsmyst. 107ff; ARawlinson, The NT Doctrine of the Christ 1926, 124ff; BStegmann, Christ, the ‘Man from Heaven’, a Study of 1 Cor 15:45–47: The Cath. Univ., Washington 1927; CKraeling, Anthropos and Son of Man 1927. S. on Ἀδάμ and on οὐρανός 2b.—On ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀ. as a self-designation of Jesus s.c end, above, and υἱός 2dγ.

② a member of the human race, w. focus on limitations and weaknesses, a human being

ⓐ of physical aspect Js 5:17; subject to death Hb 9:27; Rv 8:11; Ro 5:12; sunken in sin (cp. fr. a different perspective Menand., Fgm. 432 Kö [499 K.] ἄνθρωπος ὢν ἥμαρτον; Herodas 5, 27 ἄνθρωπός εἰμι, ἥμαρτον; schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 4, 1015–17a σὺ ἄνθρωπος εἶ, οἷς τὸ ἁμαρτάνειν γίνεται ῥᾳδίως; cp. Orig. C. Cels. 3, 62, 17) 5:18f al., hence judged to be inferior Gal 1:1, 11f; Col 2:8, 22 (Is 29:13) or even carefully to be avoided προσέχειν ἀπὸ τ. ἀ. beware of (evil) men Mt 10:17; cp. Lk 6:22, 26.

ⓑ of status κατὰ ἄνθρωπον (Aeschyl., Sept. 425; Pla., Phileb. 370f; Diod S 16, 11, 2; Athen. 10, 444b; Plut., Mor. 1042a; Witkowski 8, 5 [252 B.C.]) in a human way, from a human standpoint emphasizes the inferiority of human beings in comparison w. God; λαλεῖν 1 Cor 9:8; λέγειν Ro 3:5; Gal 3:15; περιπατεῖν 1 Cor 3:3. κ. ἄ. ἐθηριομάχησα perh. like an ordinary man (opp. as a Christian sure of the resurrection) 15:32. Of the gospel οὐκ ἔστιν κ. ἄ. Gal 1:11. Pl. κ. ἀνθρώπους (opp. κ. θεόν) 1 Pt 4:6.

③ a male person, man

ⓐ adult male, man (Pla., Prot. 6, 314e, Phd. 66, 117e; Gen. 24:26ff; PsSol 17:17; TestAbr A 3 p. 79, 25 [Stone p. 6]; ParJer 5:20) Mt 11:8; Lk 7:25. σκληρὸς εἶ ἄ. Mt 25:24; cp. Lk 19:21f. In contrast to woman (Achilles Tat. 5, 22, 2; PGM 36, 225f; 1 Esdr 9:40; Tob 6:8) Mt 19:5; prob. Lk 13:19 (cp. vs. 21); Eph 5:31 (both Gen 2:24); 1 Cor 7:1; Ox 840, 39.

ⓑ married person husband Mt 19:10.

ⓒ an immediate descendant son, opp. father (Sir 3:11) Mt 10:35.

ⓓ a person owned and therefore under the control of another slave (X., Mem. 2, 1, 15, Vect. 4, 14; Herodas 5, 78; BGU 830, 4; POxy. 1067, 30; 1159, 16) Lk 12:36. οἱ τοῦ πυρὸς ἄ. the persons in charge of the fire MPol 15:1; ἄ. τοῦ μεγάλου βασιλέως AcPl Ha 9, 1 (Aa I 111, 10). Perh. J 6:7.

④ practically equiv. to the indef. pron., w. the basic mng. of ἄ. greatly weakened (cp. 1c.) someone, one, a person.

ⓐ without the art.

α. used w. τὶς: ἐὰν γένηταί τινι ἀνθρώπῳ Mt 18:12. ἄνθρωπός τις κατέβαινεν a man was going down Lk 10:30. ἀνθρώπου τινὸς πλουσίου 12:16. ἄ. τις ἦν ὑδρωπικός 14:2, cp. vs. 16; 15:11; 16:1, 19; 19:12. ἦν τις ἄ. ἐκεῖ J 5:5. τινῶν ἀ. αἱ ἁμαρτίαι 1 Ti 5:24.

β. without τὶς, and somet. nearly equiv. to it (Paus. 5, 7, 3 ἐξ ἀνθρώπου=from someone) εἷς ἄ.=εἷς τις an individual J 11:50, cp. 18:14. εἶδεν ἄνθρωπον καθήμενον he saw someone sitting Mt 9:9. ἰδοὺ ἄ. χεῖρα ἔχων ξηράν there was someone with a shriveled hand 12:10. λαβὼν ἄ. a person took 13:31; cp. Mk 1:23; 3:1; 4:26; 5:2; 7:11; 10:7 (Gen 2:24); Lk 2:25; 4:33; 5:18; 6:48f; 13:19; J 3:4, 27 al. Used w. negatives ἄ. οὐκ ἔχω I have nobody J 5:7. οὐδέποτε ἐλάλησεν οὕτως ἄ. nobody has ever spoken like that 7:46.

γ. in indef. and at the same time general sense, oft.= one (Ger. man, Fr. on) οὕτως ἡμᾶς λογιζέσθω ἄ. lit. this is how one or a person (i.e. you) should regard us 1 Cor 4:1; cp. Mt 16:26; Ro 3:28; 1 Cor 7:26; 11:28; Gal 2:16; 6:7; Js 2:24.

δ. w. relative foll. δεῦτε ἴδετε ἄ. ὸ̔ς εἶπέν μοι come and see someone who (contrast w. ἀνήρ vss. 16–18) told me J 4:29. ἄ. ὸ̔ς τὴν ἀλήθειαν ὑμῖν λελάληκα 8:40. For Ac 19:16 s. 6 below.

ε. used pleonastically w. a noun (cp. usage s.v. ἀνήρ 1dα) (Il. 16, 263; Lev 21:9; Sir 8:1; 1 Macc 7:14) ἄ. φάγος a glutton Mt 11:19; Lk 7:34; ἄ. ἔμπορος a merchant Mt 13:45; ἄ. οἰκοδεσπότης vs. 52; 21:33; ἄ. βασιλεύς (Horapollo 2, 85; Jos., Ant. 6, 142) 18:23; 22:2; ἄ. θηριομάχος AcPl Ha 5, 30.—Likew. w. names indicating local or national origin (X., An. 6, 4, 23; Ex 2:11 ἄ. Αἰγύπτιος) ἄ. Κυρηναῖος a Cyrenaean Mt 27:32; ἄ. Ἰουδαῖος Ac 21:39; ἄ. Ῥωμαῖος 16:37; 22:25. W. adj., giving them the character of nouns (Menand., Fgm. 518 Kö ἄ. φίλος; PFlor 61, 60; PAmh 78, 13 ἄ. αὐθάδης; PStras 41, 40 πρεσβύτης ἄ. εἰμι; Sir 8:2 al.) ἄ. τυφλός (EpJer 36) a blind person J 9:1; ἄ. ἁμαρτωλός (Sir 11:32; 32:17) vs. 16; ἄ. αἱρετικός Tit 3:10. Likew. w. ptc. ἄ. σπείρων a sower Mt 13:24.

ζ. pleonastic are also the combinations τίς ἄ.; who? Mt 7:9; Lk 15:4; πᾶς ἄ. (PsSol 2:9; 17:27 [both times after οὐ]; ParJer 8:7; cp. Just., D. 3) everyone J 2:10; Js 1:19; πάντες ἄ. all people Ac 22:15, everyone 1 Cor 7:7; εἷς ἄ. J 11:50; δύο ἄ. Lk 18:10. Likew. the partitive gen. ἀνθρώπων w. οὐδείς (cp. Mimnermus 1, 15f Diehl² οὐ δέ τίς ἐστιν ἀνθρώπων) Mk 11:2; Lk 19:30, μηδείς Ac 4:17, τίς 19:35; 1 Cor 2:11.—MBlack, An Aramaic Approach³, ’67, 106f.

ⓑ w. the generic art. (Wsd 2:23; 4 Macc 2:21; PsSol 5:16; Just., D. 20, 2) ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄ. the good person, opp. ὁ πονηρὸς ἄ. the evil person Mt 12:35. οὐκ ἐπʼ ἄρτῳ ζήσεται ὁ ἄ. no one can live on bread (Dt 8:3) 4:4. κοινοῖ τὸν ἄ. defiles a person 15:11, 18; cp. Mk 7:15, 20; τὸ σάββατον διὰ τὸν ἄ. ἐγένετο 2:27; τί ἦν ἐν τῷ ἀ. J 2:25; κρίνειν τὸν ἄ. 7:51; ὁ νόμος κυριεύει τοῦ ἀ. Ro 7:1; ὁ ποιήσας ἄ. everyone who does it 10:5 (Lev 18:5; 2 Esdr 19:29); κακὸν τῷ ἀ. τῷ διὰ προσκόμματος ἐσθίοντι wrong for anyone who eats w. misgivings Ro 14:20 al.

ⓒ w. qualifying gen. ἄνθρωποι εὐδοκίας Lk 2:14 (εὐδοκία 1). ὁ ἄ. τῆς ἀνομίας (v.l. ἁμαρτίας) 2 Th 2:3. ἄ. (τοῦ) θεοῦ man of God 1 Ti 6:11; 2 Ti 3:17; 2 Pt 1:21 v.l. (3 Km 12:22; 13:1; 17:24; 4 Km 1:9ff; 2 Ch 8:14 al.; TestJob 53:4; EpArist 140; Philo, Gig. 61, Deus Imm. 138f. But also Sextus 2; 3; Herm. Wr. 1, 32; 13, 20; PGM 4, 1177, where no comma is needed betw. ἄ. and θ. Cp. Callim. 193, 37 [Pf.]).

⑤ a being in conflict at a transcendent level

ⓐ the two sides of human nature as ὁ ἔξω ἄ. the outer being, i.e. human beings in their material, transitory, and sinful aspects 2 Cor 4:16, and, on the other hand, ὁ ἔσω ἄ. the inner being, i.e. humans in their transcendent significance, striving toward God Ro 7:22; 2 Cor 4:16; Eph 3:16 (cp. Pla., Rep. 9, 589a ὁ ἐντὸς ἄνθρωπος; Plotinus, Enn. 5, 1, 10 ὁ εἴσω ἄ.; Philo, Plant. 42 ὁ ἐν ἡμῖν πρὸς ἀλήθειαν ἄ., τουτέστιν ὁ νοῦς, Congr. Erud. Grat. 97, Det. Pot. Insid. 23; Zosimus in Rtzst., Poim. 104 ἔσω αὐτοῦ ἄνθρωπος πνευματικός. Cp. Rtzst., Mysterienrel.³ 354f; WGutbrod, D. paulin. Anthropologie ’34; KSchäfer, FTillmann Festschr. ’34, 25–35; RJewett, Paul’s Anthropological Terms, ’71, 391–401). Similar in mng. is ὁ κρυπτὸς τῆς καρδίας ἄ. the hidden person of the heart=ὁ ἔσω ἄ. 1 Pt 3:4.

ⓑ from another viewpoint, w. contrast of παλαιὸς and καινὸς (νέος) ἄ. Ro 6:6; Eph 4:22, 24; Col 3:9 (cp. Dg 2:1; Jesus as καινὸς ἄ. IEph 20:1 is the new being, who is really God), or of ὁ ψυχικὸς ἄ. and ὁ πνευματικὸς ἄ. 1 Cor 2:14f (s. πνευματικός 2aγ). τὸν τέλειον ἄ. GMary 463, 27.

⑥ a person who has just been mentioned in a narrative, w. the art. the person (Diod S 37, 18 ὁ ἄ. εἶπε; Just., A II, 2, 12) Mt 12:13; Mk 3:5; 5:8; J 4:50; Ac 19:16 al.

⑦ a pers. perceived to be contemptible, a certain person w. a connotation of contempt (Diogenianus Epicureus [II A.D.] in Eus., PE 6, 8, 30 calls Chrysippus, his opponent, contemptuously ὁ ἄ.; Artem. 5, 67 ἡ ἄνθρωπος of a prostitute; UPZ 72, 6 [152 B.C.]; BGU 1208 I, 25; Plut., Mor 870c.—ASvensson [ὁ, ἡ, τό beg.]; AWilhelm, Anzeiger der Ak. d. W. in Wien, phil.-Hist. Kl. ’37 [XXIII–XXVI 83–86]) οὐκ οἶδα τὸν ἄ. I don’t know the fellow (of Jesus, as oft. in these exx.) Mt 26:72, 74; Mk 14:71. προσηνέγκατέ μοι τὸν ἄ. τοῦτον Lk 23:14; ὁ ἄ. οὕτος AcPl Ox 6, 18 (= Aa I 242, 1). εἰ ὁ ἄ. Γαλιλαῖός ἐστιν Lk 23:6. τίς ἐστιν ὁ ἄ. J 5:12. ἰδοὺ ὁ ἄ. here’s the fellow! 19:5 (on the attempt to arouse pity, cp. Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 68, 4 Jac., Cyrus in connection w. the downfall of Croesus; Diog. L. 2:13 Pericles in the interest of Anaxagoras, his teacher; Jos., Ant. 19, 35f). μὴ οἰέσθω ὁ ἄ. ἐκεῖνος such a person must not expect Js 1:7.

⑧ in address, varying from a familiar tone to one that is more formal ἄνθρωπε friend (X., Cyr. 2, 2, 7; Plut., Mor. 553e) indicating a close relationship between the speaker and the one addressed Lk 5:20; sir Ἄνθρωπε, ποῦ πορεύῃ; ‘Sir, where are you going?’ GJs 19:1 (not pap), the woman is a stranger to Joseph. W. a reproachful connotation, man! (Diogenes the Cynic in Diog. L. 6, 56; Diod S 33, 7, 4; Chariton 6, 7, 9; Ps.-Callisth. 1, 31, 1) Lk 12:14; 22:58, 60; Hm 10, 1, 2 (ἄνθρωπος Joly). Also in rhetorical address, in a letter Ro 2:1, 3; 9:20 (Pla., Gorg. 452b σὺ δὲ … τίς εἶ, ὦ ἄνθρωπε); Js 2:20. (Cp. Pla., Apol. 16 p. 28b; Epict. index Schenkl; Mi 6:8; Ps 54:14.—JWackernagel, Über einige antike Anredeformen: Progr. Gött. 1912.)

⑨ a heavenly being that looked like a person, a human figure of GPt 11:44 (cp. Just., D. 58, 10 ἐν ἰδέᾳ ἀνθρώπου [on Gen 32:25]; Tat. 21, 1 θεὸν ἐν ἀνθρώπου μορφῇ γεγονέναι).—JNielen, D. Mensch in der Verkünd. der Ev.: FTillmann Festschr. ’34, 14–24; Gutbrod op. cit. 2cα; WKümmel, Man in the NT, tr. JVincent, ’63; also Vock and Seiler ἀνήρ end.—B. 80. EDNT (lit.). DELG. M-M. TW. Sv.