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1 αἰτιάομαι
αἰτι-άομαι, used by Hom. only in [dialect] Ep. forms, [ per.] 3pl. αἰτιόωνται, opt. αἰτιόῳο, -ῳτο, inf. αἰτιάασθαι, [tense] impf. ἠτιάασθε, -όωντο: [dialect] Aeol. [tense] impf. [ per.] 2sg.Aαἰτίαο Lyr.Adesp.66
: [tense] fut. , Pl.Phd. 85d: [tense] aor. , Th.1.120, etc., [dialect] Ion.- ησάμενος Hdt.4.94
, : [tense] pf.ᾐτίᾱμαι D.19.215
, [dialect] Ion.- ίημαι Hp.Ep.17
(also in pass. sense, and [tense] aor. ᾐτιάθην always so, v. infr. 1.1): ([etym.] αἰτία):—accuse, censure, c. acc. pers.,τάχα κεν καὶ ἀναίτιον αἰτιόῳτο Il.11.654
, cf. Od. 20.135;ἀναίτιον αἰτιάασθαι Il.13.775
;θεοὺς βροτοὶ αἰτιόωνται Od. 1.32
, cf. E.Fr. 254;καί μ' τιάασθε ἕκαστος Il.16.202
, cf. S.OT 608, Lys.7.38, etc.;αἰ. ὡς μιαρούς Pl.R. 562d
; αἰ. τινά τινος to accuse of a thing, Hdt.5.27, Pl.R. 619c, D.21.104, etc.: c. inf., αἰ. τινὰ ποιεῖν τι accuse one of doing, Hdt.5.27, Pl.Criti. 120c, X.Mem.1.1.2; ; αἰ. τινὰ ὡς.. or ὅτι.., Th.1.120, X.An.3.1.7;αἰ. τινὰ περί τινος X.HG1.7.6
: c. acc. cogn., αἰ. αἰτίαν κατά τινος bring a charge against one, Antipho 6.27:— [voice] Pass., to be accused, [tense] aor. 1 ᾐτιάθην (always) Th.6.53, 8.68, X.HG2.1.32: [tense] pf.ᾐτίαμαι Th.3.61
: [tense] fut.αἰτιαθήσομαι D.C.37.56
.b in good sense, give one the credit of being, σὲ τίς αἰτιᾶται νομοθέτην ἀγαθὸν γεγονέναι; Pl.R. 599e, cf. 379c, Cra. 396d.2 c. acc. rei, lay to one's charge, impute,τοῦτο αἰ. X.Cyr.3.1.39
;ταῦτα D.19.215
: c. dupl. acc., ;Ar.
Ach. 514.II allege as the cause, οὐ τὸ αἴτιον αἰ. not to allege the real cause, Pl.R. 329b; τίνα ἔχεις αἰτιάσασθαι.. τούτου κύριον; ib. 508a;φωνάς τε.. καὶ ἄλλα μυρία αἰ. Id.Phd. 98e
; ;ὧν τὴν πενίαν αἰτιάσαιτ' ἄν τις D.18.263
; ;τὸ αὐτόματον Id.Ph. 196a25
.2 c. inf., allege,τὸν λόγον αἰ. δυσχερῆ εἶναι Pl.Prt. 333d
, cf. Men. 93d;αἰ. τι αἴτιον εἶναι Grg. 518d
; ἰλίγγους ἐκ φιλοσοφίας ἐγγίγνεσθαι allege by way of accusation that.., Id.R. 407c; τῆς ἱερᾶς χώρας ᾐτιᾶτο εἶναι he alleged that it was part of.., D. 18.150, cf. 37.12. (Late in [voice] Act., POxy.1032.51 (ii A. D.).)Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > αἰτιάομαι
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2 βρῶσις
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3 κόπτω
Aκόψω Hippon.83
, Men.Pk.64, etc.: [tense] aor. ἔκοψα, [dialect] Ep.κόψα Il.13.203
: [tense] pf. κέκοφα (ἐκ-) X.HG6.5.37, ( περι-) Lys.14.42, ( συγ-) Pl.Tht. 169b; [dialect] Ep. part.κεκοπώς Il.13.60
(v.l. -φώς, -πών), Od.18.335:—[voice] Med., [tense] fut. : [tense] aor.ἐκοψάμην Hdt.4.166
:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. κεκόψομαι ( ἀπο-) Ar.Nu. 1125, (ἐκ-) Id.Ra. 1223, ( κατα-) X.An.1.5.16, , Gal.13.759: [tense] aor. , Ar.Ra. 723, Th.8.13: [tense] pf. :— cut, strike,1 smite,ο' ἀμφὶ κάρη κεκοπὼς χερσὶ στιβαρῇσι Od.18.335
: c. dupl. acc., κόψε δὲ παπτήναντα παρήϊον smote him on the cheek, Il.23.690.2 smite with weapons,κόπτοντες δούρεσσι μετάφρενον Od.8.528
;τοῖσι Πέρσῃσι εἵποντο κόπτοντες Hdt.6.113
: metaph. in [voice] Pass., with play on words,αἰεὶ κόπτῃ ῥήμασι καὶ κοπίσιν AP11.335
.3 smite, slaughter an animal with an axe or mallet,κόψας ἐξόπιθεν κεράων βοός Il.17.521
, cf. Od.14.425, X.An.2.1.6; in Trag., A.Ag. 1278, Eu. 635, E.El. 838.4 cut off, chop off,κεφαλὴν ἀπὸ δειρῆς κόψεν Il.13.203
;χεῖράς τ' ἠδὲ πόδας κόπτον Od.22.477
;κ. [τὰ γέρρα] ταῖς μαχαίραις X.An.4.6.26
; κ. δένδρα cut down or fell trees, Th.2.75, X. HG5.2.39,43; κ. τὴν χώραν lay it waste, ib.3.2.26, 4.6.5:—in [voice] Pass., of ships, to be shattered, disabled by the enemy, Th.4.14,8.13:—metaph.,φρενῶν κεκομμένος A.Ag. 479
(lyr.); τὸν ὕπνον ἁ φροντὶς κόπτοισα preventing, Theoc.21.28; [πνεῦμα] κοπτόμενον being suddenly stopped, arrested, Arist.Mete. 367a10.5 strike, beat a horse, to make him go faster,κόψε δ' Ὀδυσσεὺς τόξῳ Il.10.513
; also σκηπανίῳ Γαιήοχος ἀμφοτέρω (sc. Αἴαντε)κεκοπὼς πλῆσεν μένεος 13.60
.6 hammer, forge,κόπτε δὲ δεσμούς 18.379
, Od.8.274; later, stamp metal, i.e. coin money,κ. νόμισμα IG12(5).480.11
(Siphnos, Athenian Law), Xenoph.4, Hdt.3.56:—[voice] Med., coin oneself money, order to be coined,κ. χρυσοῦ καὶ ἀργύρου νόμισμα Id.1.94
, cf. 4.166:—[voice] Pass., of money, to be stamped or coined, [νομίσμασιν] μόνοις ὀρθῶς κοπεῖσι Ar.Ra. 723
, cf. 726.7 knock or rap at, , Pl. 1097, And. 1.41, X.HG5.4.7, Men.Epit. 538, Phld.Vit.p.30 J., Plu.Alc.8, etc.; without θύραν, οὗτος, τί κόπτεις; Ar.Ec. 976.8 pound, bray in a mortar,κυπἐρου κεκομμένου Hdt.4.71
; ἀσταφίδα κεκ. Alex.127.4; ἔλαιον κεκ., i.e. pure oil, LXX 3 Ki.5.11.9 knock, dash about,τὸ ὕδωρ ὅταν κοπῇ Pl.Ti. 60b
;κόνις.. κοπτομένη.. ὑφ' ἅρμασι Hes. Sc.63
;θάλασσα κοπτομένη πνοιαῖς Theoc.22.16
.10 of birds, peck, Arist.HA 609b5; ὁ ἁλιάετος.. τὰ λιμναῖα κ. preys on the lagoon life, ib. 593b24; σπειρὴν κ. peck at, Arat.449; of fish, gnaw, Arist.HA 620b17; of a snake, strike, Il.12.204:—[voice] Pass., of wood or seeds, to be worm-eaten, Thphr.HP3.18.5, 8.11.2.b munch, masticate, dub. in Chionid.6.11 ὁ ἵππος κ. τὸν ἀναβάτην jars his rider by his paces, X.Eq.1.4:—[voice] Pass., ib.8.7, Hp.Aër.21.12 κ. ὄνους dress, prepare mill-stones for use, Alex.13; set, sharpen, Herod.6.84:—[voice] Med., AP 11.253 (Lucill.).13 metaph., tire out, weary,μήθ' ὑμῖν ἐνοχλῶ μήτ' ἐμαυτὸν κ. D.Prooem.29
, cf. Alciphr.2.3;λέγων φαίνου τι δὴ καινὸν.., ἢ μὴ κόπτε με Hegesipp.1.3
, cf. Sosip.1.20;μὴ κόπτ' ἔμ', ἀλλὰ τὰ κρέα Alex.173.12
;κ. τὴν ἀκρόασιν D.H.Comp.19
;κ. τὰ ὦτα Poll.6.119
;κ. ἐρωτήμασιν ἀκαίροις Plu.Phoc.7
, cf. Moer.p.74 P.:—[voice] Pass., to be worn out, .II [voice] Med. κόπτομαι, beat or strike oneself, beat one's breast or head through grief,κεφαλὴν δ' ὅ γε κόψατο χερσίν Il.22.33
, cf. Hdt.2.121.δ (also [voice] Act. τί κόπτεις τὴν κεφαλήν; Men.Her.4);κόπτεσθαι μέτωπα Hdt.6.58
(with μαχαίρῃσι added 2.61): abs., Pl.Phd. 60b, R. 619c: [tense] pf. [voice] Pass., [πόλις] κέκοπται A.Pers. 683
:—[voice] Act. c. acc. cogn.,ἐκοψα κομμὸν Ἄριον Id.Ch. 423
(lyr.).2 κόπτεσθαί τινα mourn for any one,κόπτεσθ' Ἄδωνιν Ar.Lys. 396
, cf. Ev.Luc.8.52; but alsoἐπί τινα Apoc.1.7
, 18.9 (v.l. αὐτῇ). (Cf. Lith. kapóti, Lett. kapāt 'chop small', 'beat', 'stamp', Lat. capo 'capon', perh. σκέπαρνον.) -
4 Λίνος
II as Appellat., the song or lay of Linos, whether composed by him or upon him; λίνον δ' ὑπὸ καλὸν ἄειδε λεπταλέῃ φωνῇ sang the lay of Linos in accompaniment, Il.18.570, cf. Pi.Fr.139.5, Hdt.2.79, E.HF 348 (lyr.), Ar.Byz. ap. Ath.14.619c, and v. οἰτόλινος. (In Il. l. c. Zenod. read λίνος and interpreted it of the string of the instrument, which was orig. made of flax acc. to Sch.) -
5 προερέω
προερέω, [dialect] Att. [var] contr. [full] προερῶ, serving as [tense] fut. to προεῖπον(q.v.): also [tense] pf. προείρηκα, [voice] Pass. - ημαι: [tense] aor. [voice] Pass. προερρήθην, [var] contr. προὐρρήθην:—A say beforehand, Pl.Plt. 292d, etc.:—[voice] Pass.,ἐκ τῶν προειρημένων Id.Phd. 75b
;κατὰ τὰ π. Id.R. 408c
; τοῖς π. συμφωνεῖν ib. 398c; τὰ προρρηθέντα ib. 619c; be said by way of preface,Isoc.
4.14, cf. 5.29.II order beforehand or publicly,συλλέγεσθαι ἐς Σάρδις Hdt.1.77
,81;π. τῷ στρατῷ ὡς.. ἀκουστέα εἴη Id.3.61
:— [voice] Pass.,προὐρρήθη ὅπως.. Pl.Smp. 198e
;προείρητο αὐτοῖς μὴ ἐπιχειρεῖν Th.2.84
, cf. Antipho6.40; ἔχοντες τὸ προειρημένον the prescribed implement, Hdt.1.126;ἀπικέσθαι ἐς τὴν π. ἡμέρην Id.6.128
;δεῖπνον.. ἐκ πολλοῦ χρόνου π.
ordered beforehand,Id.
7.119; was declared,X.
Ages.1.17.2 ὀνυμαστὶ προερεῖ will call him publicly by name, Berl.Sitzb.1927.167 ([place name] Cyrene).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > προερέω
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6 ἐπεί
A OF TIME ( ἐπειδή is more freq. in this sense in Prose), after that, since, when, from Hom. downwds.:I with Ind.,1 of a definite occurrence in past time, mostly c. [tense] aor., ἐπεί π' εὔξαντο after they had prayed, Il.1.458; afterD.
had died and A. had succeeded, X.An.1.1.3: rarely c. [tense] impf.,ἐπειδὴ εἱστιώμεθ' Ar.Nu. 1354
;ἐ. πόντον εἰσεβάλλομεν E.IT 260
;ἐ. ἠσθένει Δαρεῖος X.An.1.1.1
: c. [tense] plpf., ἐπειδὴ ἐξηπάτησθε.. after you had been deceived.., D.18.42; but generally the [tense] aor. is found, the [tense] plpf. being used only for special emphasis: c. [tense] impf. to express an action not yet complete, ἐπεὶ ὑπηντίαζεν ἡ φάλαγξ καὶ ἡ σάλπιγξ ἐφθέγξατο after the phalanx began to advance and the trumpet had sounded, X.An.6.5.27.2 with implied reference to some later time, ἐ. or ἐπειδή, = ἐξ οὗ, from the time when, since, mostly c. [tense] aor.,πολλὰ πλάγχθη, ἐ. ἔπερσε Od.1.2
; ἐπείτε παρέλαβον τὸν θρόνον, τοῦτο ἐφρόντιζον ever since I came to the throne, I had this in mind, Hdt.7.8.ά; ἐπειδήπερ ὑπέστη Th.8.68
;δέκατον μὲν ἔτος τόδ' ἐ... ἦραν A.Ag. 40
: sts. c. [tense] pres. (used in [tense] pf. sense) and [tense] pf., ἐ. δὲ φροῦδός ἐστι στρατός since the army is gone, S.Ant.15; ἐπείτε ὑπὸ τῷ Πέρσῃ εἰσί, πεπόνθασι τοιόνδε ever since they have been, now that they are.., Hdt.3.117.II with Subj., ἄν being always added in [dialect] Att. Prose, and ἄν or κε generally in Poetry: ἐπεί with ἄν becomes ἐπήν (so in Com., Ar.Lys. 1175,Av. 983), later ἐπάν (q.v.), [dialect] Ion. (vi B.C.), Hdt.3.153, al.,ἐπήν Hp.Fract.6
, al., and ἐπειδή with ἄν ἐπειδάν (q.v.); Hom. has ἐπεί κε, ἐπήν (onceἐπεὶ ἄν Il.6.412
):1 referring to future time with [tense] fut. apodosis, τέκνα ἄξομεν.. ἐπὴν πτολίεθρον ἕλωμεν when we shall have taken the city, Il.4.238;ἐ. κ' ἀπὸ λαὸς ὄληται 11.764
. cf. Od.17.23;ἐπεάν περ ἡμίονοι τέκωσι, τότε τὸ τεῖχος ἁλώσεσθαι Hdt.3.153
; ταῦτ', ἐπειδὰν περὶ τοῦ γένους εἴπω, τότ' ἐρῶ I will speak of this, when I have spoken.., D.57.16, cf. X.An.2.3.29;ἐ. ἂν σύ γε πότ μον ἐπίσπῃς Il.6.412
; χρὴ δέ, ὅταν μὲν τιθῆσθε τοὺς νόμους,.. σκοπεῖν, ἐπειδὰν δὲ θῆσθε, φυλάττειν whenever you are enacting your laws,.. and after you have enacted them.., D.21.34.2 of repeated action, with a [tense] pres. apodosis, whenever, when once,δαμνᾷ, ἐ. κε λίπῃ ὀστέα θυμός Od.11.221
, cf. Il.9.409; ἐπειδὰν ἡ ἐκφορὰ ᾖ.. ἄγουσι whenever the burial takes place they bring, Th.2.34; ἐπειδὰν κρύψωσι γῇ.. λέγει when they have covered them with earth, ibid.: sts. without ἄν or κε in Poets,ἐ. ἂρ βλέφαρ' ἀμφικαλύψῃ Od.20.86
;ἐ. δὴ τόν γε δαμάσσεται.. ὀϊστός Il.11.478
, cf. S.OC 1225 (lyr.), Ant. 1025.3 like A.1.2, δέκα ἡμερῶν ἐπειδὰν δόξῃ within ten days from the passing of the resolution, IG12.88.7.III with Opt. (without ἄν):1 referring to future time, ἐπειδὴ πρὸς τὸ φῶς ἔλθοι, ὁρᾶν οὐδ' ἂν ἓν δύνασθαι (sc. οὐκ οἴει); after he had come into the light.., Pl.R. 516a: Hom. sts. uses ἐπήν with opt. in same sense as ἐπεί, Il.24.227, Od.2.105 (codd.), etc.2 more freq. of repeated action, with a past apodosis,ἐ. ζεύξειεν.., δησάσκετο Il.24.14
;ἐπειδὴ δέ τι ἐμφάγοιεν, ἀνίσταντο X.An.4.5.9
;ἐ. πύθοιτο, ἐπῄνει Id.Cyr.5.3.55
, cf. Th.8.38, Pl.Phd. 59d, Prt. 315b.3 in orat. obliq. after past tenses, representing a subj. in orat. rect., αὐτὸς δὲ ἐπεὶ διαβαίης, ἀπιέναι ἔφησθα (the direct form being ἐπὴν διαβῶ) X.An. 7.2.27, cf. 3.5.18, Cyr.1.4.21; after opt. in a final clause, ἐπορεύοντο,ὅπως ἐπειδὴ γένοιντο ἐπὶ τῷ ποταμῷ.. ἴοιεν Th.7.80
.4 by assimilation to opt. in principal clause,ἦ τ' ἂν.. νῦν μὲν ἀνώγοιμι πτολεμίζειν.. ἐπὴν τεισαίμεθα λώβην Il.19.208
; .5 ἐπειδάν c. opt. is f.l. in some passages of early authors, as X.Cyr.1.3.11, D.30.6 (c. ind., Plb.13.7.8): found in later Gr., Agath.2.5, al., Zos.5.18.10.IV with Inf., only in orat. obliq., ἐπειδὴ δὲ κατὰ σχολὴν σκέψασθαι, κόπτεσθαι (sc. ἔφη) Pl.R. 619c, cf.Smp. 174d, Hdt.4.10, 7.150.V with other words:1 ἐ. τάχιστα as soon as, freq. separated by a word,ἐ. ἦλθε τάχιστα,.. ἀπέδοτο X.An.7.2.6
;ἐ. δὲ τάχιστα διέβη Id.Cyr.3.3.22
;ἐ. θᾶττον Arist.Pol. 1284a40
;ἐ. εὐθέως X.HG3.2.4
;ἐ... αὐτίκα Pi.N.1.35
;ἐπειδὴ τάχιστα Pl.Prt. 310c
, D.27.16;ἐπειδὰν τάχιστα Hdt.8.144
, X.An.3.1.9; rarelyἐπειδὴ θᾶττον D.37.41
;ἐπειδὰν θᾶττον Pl.Prt. 325c
.2 with emphatic Particles, ἐπεὶ ἄρα when then, in continuing a narrative, Il.6.426; ἐπεὶ οὖν when then, in resuming a narrative, 1.57, 3.4;ἐπεὶ ὦν Hdt.3.9
;ἐπεὶ γὰρ δή Id.9.90
, etc.B CAUSAL ( ἐπεί more freq. in this sense in early Prose: ἐπειδή whereas is used in preambles of decrees, IG22.103, etc.; inasmuch as, Ev. Luc.1.1
), since, seeing that, freq. from Hom. downwards:1 with Ind. (after both present and past tenses),ἐ. οὐδὲ ἔοικε Il.1.119
, cf. 153, 278, Pi.O.4.16, X.Mem.2.3.4;ἐπειδή Th.8.80
;ἐπειδὴ οὐκ ἐθέλεις Pl.Prt. 335c
;νίκη δ' ἐπείπερ ἕσπετ', ἐμπέδως μένοι A.Ag. 854
; freq. with past tenses withἄν, ἐπεὶ οὔποτ' ἂν στόλον ἐπλεύσατ' ἄν S.Ph. 1037
;ἐπεὶ οὔ κεν ἀνιδρωτί γ' ἐτελέσθη Il.15.228
, cf. D. 18.49; οὐ γὰρ ἂν σθένοντά γε εἷλέν μ'· ἐπεὶ οὐδ' ἂν ὧδ' ἔχοντ' (sc. εἷλεν) S.Ph. 948: esp. in the sense, for otherwise.., Pi.O.9.29, S.OT 433, X.Mem.2.7.14, Herod.2.72, etc.: so c. [tense] fut., ἐξέστω δὲ μηδενὶ.. τεθῆναι.., ἐ. ἀποδώσει.. otherwise he shall pay.., Rev.Et.Anc.4.261 (near Smyrna): c. imper., ἐ. δίδαξον for teach me, S.El. 352, OC 969, cf. OT 390, Ar.V.73, Pl.Grg. 473e: with an interrog., ἐ. πῶς ἂν καλέσειας; for how would you call him? Ar.Nu. 688, cf. Pi.P.7.5, A.Ch. 214, S. Tr. 139 (lyr.);ὦ Ἀλκιβιάδη, ἐπειδὴ περὶ τίνος Ἀθηναῖοι διανοοῦνται βουλεύεσθαι, ἀνίστασαι συμβουλεύσων; Pl.Alc.1.106c
.2 c. Opt.,ἐ. ἂν μάλα τοι σχεδὸν ἔλθοι Il.9.304
, cf. S.Aj. 916; so after past tenses on the principle of orat. obliq., ἐπείπερ ἡγήσαιντο since (as they said) they believed, X.Mem.1.4.19.3 c. Inf. in orat. obliq.,ἐ. γιγνώσκειν γε αὐτά Pl.Prt. 353a
, cf. Hdt.8.111, Th.2.93.4 in elliptical expressions, ἀδύνατός [εἰμι], ἐ. ἐβουλόμην ἂν οἷός τ' εἶναι I am unable (and yet I am sorry), for I should like to have the power, Pl.Prt. 335c; so εἶμι· ἐ. καὶ ταῦτ' ἂν ἴσως οὐκ ἀηδῶς σου ἤκουον ibid. (here the sense may be given by and yet, although, cf. ib. 333c, 317a, Ap. 19e, Smp. 187a, Arist.EN 1121a19); ἐ. ὅ γε ἀποθανὼν πελάτης τις ἦν ἐμός and yet (moreover) the murdered man was my own hired man, Pl. Euthphr.4c.b sts. after a voc., where 'listen' may be supplied,Ἕκτορ, ἐ. με κατ' αἶσαν ἐνείκεσας Il.3.59
, cf. 13.68, Od.3.103, 211.5 with other Particles, ἐ. ἄρα, ἐ. ἂρ δή since then, Od.17.185; ἐ. γε (ἐπεί.. γε Il.1.352
, Hes. Th. 171), more emphatic than ἐ., since indeed, E.Cyc. 181, Hipp. 955; ἐπειδή γε ib. 946, Pl.Phd. 77d, D.54.29; sts. separated,ἐπειδή.. γε S.El. 631
, Pl.Phd. 87c;ἐ. γε δή Hdt.3.9
, S.Ant. 923,ἐπειδή γε καί Th.6.18
; ἐ. ἦ since in truth,ἐ. ἦ πολὺ φέρτερόν ἐστι Il.1.169
, cf. 156, Od.9.276; ἐπείπερ (ἐ... περ Il.13.447
, Od.20.181) in Trag. and Prose, A.Ag. 822, S.OC75, Pl.Phd. 114d; ἐπειδήπερ in Com. and Prose, Ar.Ach. 437, 495, Nu. 1412, Th.6.18, Pl.R. 350e; ἐ. τοι since surely, S.OC 433;ἐ. νύ τοι Il.1.416
;ἐ. τοι καί E. Med. 677
, Pl.R. 567e. [ἐ. sts. begins a verse in Hom., Il.22.379, Od. 4.13, 8.452, 21.25; sts. coalesces by synizesis with οὐ, οὐδέ, etc., S. Ph. 446, 948, etc.] -
7 βρῶσις
βρῶσις, εως, ἡ (Hom. et al.; pap, LXX; TestAbr B 13 p. 117, 22 [Stone p. 82]; EpArist 129; Philo; Joseph.; Just., D. 57, 3; Mel., P. 47, 337).① the act of partaking of food, eating (w. πόσις [this combin. since Od. 1, 191; also Diod S 1, 45, 2; Plut., Mor. 114c; Da 1:10; Philo, Mos. 1, 184]) Ro 14:17; Col 2:16. W. obj. gen. (as Pla., Rep. 10, 619c; Jos., Ant. 1, 334; TestReub 2:7 βρῶσις βρωμάτων) β. τῶν εἰδωλοθύτων eating of meat sacrificed to idols 1 Cor 8:4; ἄρτος εἰς β. (as Is 55:10) bread to eat 2 Cor 9:10; ὡς περὶ β. as if they referred to eating B 10:9; ἔχετε τελείως περὶ τῆς β. you are fully instructed on eating, i.e. on dietary laws 10:10 (cp. ὁ περὶ βρώσεων καὶ πόσεων … νόμος Orig., C. Cels. 2, 2, 17); εἰς β. to eat PtK 2 p. 14, 17.② the process of causing deterioration by consuming, consuming w. σής Mt 6:19f, where β. is used as a general term for consuming, which could be done by a variety of insects (in Mal 3:11 LXX A, e.g., β. is used to render אוכֵל =‘grasshopper’; מַאֲכוֹלֶת= wood worm has been suggested [HGressmann, Hdb. ad loc.]). Cp. EpJer 10, where a few mss. have βρῶσις instead of βρώματα w. ἰός. This combin. argues against the identification of βρῶσις w. ἰός in Mt, and it is not likely that a hendiadys is present. The interpretation corrosion, rust finds no support outside this passage. In the medical passages that have been adduced (cp. Galen 6, 422 [pl.]; 12, 879 ed. Kühn 1823) β.=‘decay’ of teeth. The balanced structure of the passage implies garments as victims of ‘moth and eating’, and other possessions as plunder of thieves.③ that which one eats, food (Soph. Fgm. 182, 2 TGF; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 8, 7 p. 307, 27; PLond III, 1223, 9 p. 139 [121 A.D.] χόρτον εἰς βρῶσιν προβάτων; PLips 118, 15; POxy 1686, 10; Gen 25:28; Jer 41:20; 2 Km 19:43 v.l. βρῶσιν ἐφάγαμεν; Philo, Op. M. 38).ⓐ lit. of a meal Hb 12:16; D 6:3; Dg 4:1; GJs 1:4 v.l. for βρωτόν and βρώματα.ⓑ fig. J 4:32; 6:27, 55.—DELG s.v. βιβρώσκω. M-M. TW. -
8 κόπτω
κόπτω impf. ἔκοπτον; 1 aor. ἔκοψα, mid. ἐκοψάμην; fut. mid. κόψομαι. Pass.: 2 aor. ἐκόπην (Hs 8, 1, 4); pf. ptc. κεκομμένος (Hs 8, 1, 4) (Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX; TestSol; ApcSed 7:10; Ar. 8, 2; Just.; Mel., P. 19, 128; 29, 201)① cut (off) act. (Jos., Vi. 171; Just., D. 86, 6) τὶ ἀπό (or ἔκ) τινος someth. fr. someth. (Quint. Smyrn. 11, 71 κ. τι ἀπό τινος) κλάδους ἀπὸ τ. δένδρων Mt 21:8. κλάδους ἀπὸ τῆς ἰτέας Hs 8, 1, 2; cp. 4; 8, 3, 1; 8, 4, 4f. στιβάδας ἐκ τῶν ἀγρῶν leafy branches from the fields Mk 11:8 (cp. X., Hell. 5, 2, 43; POslo 17, 7 [136 A.D.]; Is 44:14 ξύλον ἐκ τοῦ δρυμοῦ; 2 Ch 2:15; SibOr 3, 651).—Fig. πολὺ κόψετε τῶν προτέρων ὑμῶν ἁμαρτιῶν you will cut off many of your former sins Hs 6, 1, 4.② beat one’s breast as an act of mourning, mid. (Aeschyl., Pers. 683, cp. Cho. 22–31; Pla., Phd. 60b; LXX; Jos., Ant. 7, 41; s. κοπετός) κ. τὰ στήθνη beat their breasts (PGM 36, 139) GPt 8:28. Then abs. mourn (greatly) (Lucian, De Sacrific. 15; 3 Km 13:29 v.l.; Zech 7:5) Mt 24:30; GPt 7:25; (w. θρηνεῖν, q.v. 2 and 3 and Jos., Ant. 8, 273) Mt 11:17; Lk 23:27; (w. κλαίειν, q.v. 1) GPt 12:52, 54; GJs 17:2. W. cognate acc. δύο κοπετοὺς ἐκόπτετο GJs 2:1. κ. ἐπὶ σάκκου καὶ σποδοῦ mourn in sackcloth and ashes B 7:5 (the unusual use of ἐπί is prob. to be explained by the fact that the mourner sat on ashes; cp. 3:2). W. acc. foll. mourn someone (Aristoph., Lys. 396; Pla., Rep. 10, 619c; Anth. Pal. 11, 135, 1; Gen 23:2; 1 Km 25:1 al.; Jos., Ant. 13, 399) Lk 8:52; cp. 23:27; GJs 24:3. τὴν χηροσύνην … τὴν ἀτεκνίαν 2:1. Also ἐπί τινα mourn for someone (2 Km 1:12; 11:26 v.l.) Rv 1:7; 18:9.—EMartino, Morte e pianto rituale nel mondo antico, ’58, 217–20 (lit.). The principal themes of lamentation Hom., Il. 18, 22–64.—B. 553; 557. DELG. M-M. TW. -
9 πολιτεία
πολιτεία, ας, ἡ (πολίτης; Hdt.+; ins, pap; 2, 3, 4 Macc; TestAbr A 20 p. 104, 7 [Stone p. 56]; ApcMos prol.; Philo, Joseph., Just., Tat.)① the right to be a member of a sociopolitical entity, citizenship (Hdt. 9, 34; X., Hell. 1, 1, 26; 1, 2, 10; 4, 4, 6; Polyb. 6, 2, 12; Diod S 14, 8, 3; 14, 17, 3; Cyr. Ins. 57; 59; Gnomon [=BGU V 1] 47; 3 Macc 3:21, 23; Jos., Ant. 12, 119) lit., of Roman citizenship (Dio Chrys. 24 [41], 2 Ῥωμαίων π.; Ael. Aristid. 30, 10 K.=10 p. 117 D.; IG IV2/1, 84, 33 [40/42 A.D.]; Jos., Bell. 1, 194 and Vi 423 π. Ῥωμαίων.—WRamsay, The Social Basis of Roman Power in Asia Minor ’41) πολιτείαν ἐκτησάμην Ac 22:28.—In a transf. sense, this transl. is poss. (EHaupt, PEwald et al.) for Eph 2:12, but not very probable (s. 2 below).② a sociopolitical unit or body of citizens, state, people, body politic (Thu. 1, 127, 3; Pla., Rep. 10, 619c; Diod S 5, 45, 3; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 19 §68; Just., A II, 10, 6) ἀπηλλοτριωμένοι τ. πολιτείας τοῦ Ἰσραήλ alienated from the people of Israel Eph 2:12 (so HvSoden, MDibelius, NRSV et al.; s. 1 above).③ behavior in accordance with standards expected of a respectable citizen, way of life, conduct (Athen. 1, 19a; Herm. Wr. in Stob. p. 486, 24 Sc. ἡ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἄγριος πολιτεία; Ps.-Liban., Charact. Ep. p. 34, 2; 47, 8; 10; Biogr. p. 261; TestAbr A 20 p. 104, 7 [Stone p. 56]; ApcMos prol.; Just., A I, 4, 2 al.; Tat.) Dg 5:4; ἀγαθὴ πολ. MPol 13:2; ἡ ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς ἀνεπίληπτος πολ. 17:1; ἡ πανάρετος καὶ σεβάσμιος πολ. 1 Cl 2:8. οἱ πολιτευόμενοι τὴν ἀμεταμέλητον πολιτείαν τοῦ θεοῦ those who follow God’s way of life, that brings no regrets 54:4 (πολιτεύεσθαι πολιτείαν in Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 126 Jac. and in the Synagogue ins fr. Stobi [c. 100 A.D.] lines 6f: ZNW 32, ’33, 93f).—DELG s.v. πόλις. M-M. TW. Spicq.
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