303a

βαλλαχράδαι, οἱ,

A pear-throwers, nickname among boys at Argos, Plu.2.303a.

μέσος, η, ον, also Arc. (v. ἰμέσος, μεσακόθεν); [dialect] Ep. [full] μέσσος (also [dialect] Aeol., Sapph.1.12, IG11(4).1064b32, and Lyr., Pi.P.4.224, and sts. in Trag., E.HF 403 (lyr.), S.OC 1247 (lyr.), Tr. 635 (lyr.), Ant. 1223, 1236, Fr.255.5), [dialect] Boeot., Cret. [full] μέττος, IG7.2420.20 (iii B. C.), GDI 5000 ii

A b 2 (v B. C.):—middle, in the middle,

I of Space, esp. with Nouns, of the middle point or part,

μ. σάκος Il.7.258

;

ἱστίον 1.481

; οὐρανός zenith, Od.4.400; μ. ἀπήνης from mid chariot, S.OT 812; ἐν αἰθέρι μ. in mid-air, Id.Ant. 416; μ. μετώπῳ in the middle of the forehead, PRyl.128.30 (i A. D.): in Prose freq. preceding the Art.,

κατὰ μέσον τὸν σταθμόν X.An.1.7.14

; ἐν μ. τῇ χώρᾳ ib.2.1.11; ἐκ μ. τῆς νήσου, κατὰ μ. τὴν νῆσον, Pl.Criti. 113d, 119d; ἐπὶ μέσου τοῦ τμάματος at the middle point of the segment, Archim.Aequil.1.6; ἁ ἐπὶ μέσαν τὰν βάσιν ἀγομένα (sc. εὐθεῖα) ib.12: sts. following the Noun,

ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ μέσῃ D.29.12

: less freq. midmost, central, of three or more objects,

μ. ὁδός Thgn.220

, 331; ὁ μ. [δάκτυλος] Pl.R. 523c; τὸ μ. στῖφος the central division of the army, X.An.1.8.13; μέσον, τό, centre,

ἡ ἐπὶ τὸ μ. φορά Iamb.Protr.21

.

b with a Verb, ἔχεται μ. by the middle, by the waist, prov. from the wrestling-ring, Ar.Eq. 387 (lyr.), cf. Ach. 571 (lyr.), Nu. 1047, Ra. 469;

μέσην λαβόντα Id.Ach. 274

, cf. Hdt.9.107, D.53.17;

ὁ πέπλος ἐρράγη μ. Philippid.25.5

.

c c. gen., midway between,

ἑνὸς καὶ πλήθους τὸ ὀλίγον μ. Pl.Plt. 303a

(also μ. ἐπ' ἀμφότερα, ibid.):—S. has

μέσος ἀπὸ [τοῦ κρατῆρος] τοῦ τε πέτρου OC 1595

.

2 of Time, Hom. only in phrase μέσον ἦμαρ midday, Il.21.111, Od.7.288, Pi.P.9.113;

μέσαι νύκτες Sapph.52

, Hdt.4.181, X. An.7.8.12, etc.;

θέρευς ἔτι μέσσου ἐόντος Hes.Op. 502

;

χειμῶνος μέσου Ar.Fr.569.1

;

μ. ἡμέρα Hdn.8.5.9

; μ. ἡλικία middle age, Pl.Ep. 316c: so

μέσοι τὴν ἡλικίαν E.Ep.5

; μέσος ἀκμῆς v.l. in Theoc.25.164.

3 metaph., impartial, Th.4.83, PLond.1.113(1).27 (vi A.D.).

b inter-mediate, freq. c. gen.,

μ. τις γέγονα χρηματιστὴς τοῦ τε πάππου καὶ τοῦ πατρός Pl.R. 330b

;

ψιλὸν μὲν τὸ π ¯, δασὺ δὲ τὸ φ ¯, μέσον δὲ ἀμφοῖν τὸ β ¯ D.H.Comp.14

(v. infr. d); ἡ τρίτη καὶ μ. τῶν εἰρημένων δυεῖν ἁρμονιῶν ib.24; ὁ μ. χαρακτήρ ib.21; indeterminate, Luc.Par.28; τὰ μ. things indifferent (neither good nor bad), Stoic.3.135, al.; of words such as τύχη, EM626.38; ζῴδια (neither lucky nor unlucky) Vett.Val.93.9;

μ. δίαιτα Diocl.Fr.141

, cf.Sor.1.46.

c Gramm., of Verbs, middle, Eust. 1846.30, etc.; μ. διάθεσις, σχήματα, A.D.Synt.226.10, 210.18; μ. ἐνεστώς present middle, ib.278.25.

d Gramm., of consonants, Lat. mediae, i. e. β ¯ γ ¯ δ ¯, D.T.631.23: but also of semi-vowels, Pl.Phlb. 18c: of accent, ὀξύτητι καὶ βαρύτητι καὶ τῷ μέσῳ, i. e. the circumflex, Arist. Po. 1456b33.

II middling, moderate,

1 of size, μέσοι ὀφθαλμοί, ὦτα, γλῶττα, Id.HA 492a8,33, b31; μ. μεγέθει ib. 496a21, PPetr.1p.37 (iii B. C.); μ. alone, of middle height, PGrenf.2.23 (a) ii 3 (ii B. C.), POxy. 73.13 (i A. D.), etc.

2 of class or quality,

πάντων μέσ' ἄριστα Thgn. 335

;

παντὶ μέσῳ τὸ κράτος θεὸς ὤπασεν A.Eu. 529

(lyr.);

μ. ἐν πόλει Phoc.12

; μ. ἀνήρ a man of middle rank, Hdt.1.107;

μ. πολίτης Th.6.54

;

τὰ μ. τῶν πολιτῶν Id.3.82

(so

τῶν ἀνὰ πόλιν τὰ μ. Pi.P.11.52

); οἱ μ., between οἱ εὔποροι and οἱ ἄποροι, Arist.Pol. 1289b31, 1295b3; οἱ μ. πολῖται ib. 1296a19; τὸ μ. ib. 1295b37; μ. [πολιτεία] ib. 1296a7;

ὁ μ. βίος Luc.Luct.9

; mediocre, Pl.Prt. 346d; τῶν ἑταιρῶν αἱ μ. Theopomp. Com.21. Adv. μέσως, ἱκανόν fairly adequate, Phld.Rh.2.4S.

III μέσον, τό, midst, intervening space, mostly with Preps.,

a ἐν μέσσῳ, = ἐν μεταιχμίῳ, Il.3.69,90;

ἐν τῷ μ.

in the midst,

Ev.Matt.14.6

; ἡ 'ν μέσῳ [μοῖρα] σῴζει πόλεις the middle class, E.Supp. 244: without

ἐν, ἔμβαλε μέσσῳ Il.4.444

;

ἔνθορε μέσσῳ 21.233

;

μέσσῳ ἀμφοτέρων 3.416

, 7.277;

τῶνδέ τ' ἐν μ. πεσεῖν E.Ph. 583

;

ἐν μ. λόγους ἔχειν Id.Hel. 630

;

μῆκος ἐν μ. χρόνου A.Supp. 735

;

χρόνος οὑν μ. E.Ph. 589

(troch.); τὰ ἐν μ. what went between, S.OC 583; οἱ ἐν μ. λόγοι the intervening words, Id.El. 1364, E.Med. 819;

κλίνης ἐν μ. Id.Hec. 1150

; ἐν μ. ἡμῶν καὶ βασιλέως between us and him, X.An.2.2.3;

σοφίας καὶ ἀμαθίας ἐν μ. Pl.Smp. 203e

; ἐν μ. νυκτῶν at midnight, X.Cyr.5.3.52; ἆθλα κείμεν' ἐν μέσῳ offered for competition (cf. infr. b), D.4.5, cf. Thgn.994, X.An.3.1.21; ἡ τιμὴ ἐν τῷ μέσῳ ἔστω deposited with the court, Herod.2.90: without ἐν, καὶ μέσῳ πάντες καὶ χωρὶς ἕκαστος both collectively and severally, IG12(5).872.27,31,38, al. ([place name] Tenos): in pl.,

κεῖτο δ' ἄρ' ἐν μέσσοισι Il.18.507

;

ἐν μέσοισ' Xenoph.1.7

; ἐν μέσῳ εἶναι τοῦ συμμεῖξαι to stand in the way of.., X.Cyr.5.2.26; ἡ γὰρ θάλαττα ἐν τῷ μ. is an obstacle, Id.Ath.2.2;

οὐδεὶς ἐν μέσσῳ γείτων πέλεν Theoc.21.17

;

οὐδὲν ἂν ἦν ἐν μ. πολεμεῖν ἡμᾶς D.23.183

; cf. ἰμέσος.

b ἐς μέσον, ἐς μ. ἀμφοτέρων, freq. in Hom. for ἐς μεταίχμιον, Il.4.79, 6.120; ἀνδρὶ δὲ νικηθέντι γυναῖκ' ἐς μέσσον ἔθηκε deposited her as a prize (cf. supr. a), 23.704;

ἐς μ. δεικνύναι τινί τι Pi.Fr.42.3

; ἐς μ. ἵεσθαι, ἐλθεῖν, παρελθεῖν, S.Tr. 514 (lyr.), Theoc.22.183, Plu. Agis9;

ἐς μέσον ἀμφοτέροισι.. δικάσσατε Il.23.574

; ἐς τὸ μ. φέρειν bring forward publicly, Hdt.4.97, D.18.139;

ἐς τὸ μ. λέγεσθαι Hdt. 6.129

; ἐς μ. Πέρσῃσι καταθεῖναι τὰ πρήγματα to give up the power in common to all, Id.3.80; ἐς μ. τὴν ἀρχὴν τιθεὶς ἰσονομίην ὑμῖν προαγορεύω ib. 142.

c ἐκ τοῦ μέσου away,

ἐκ μ. ἀνελεῖν D.10.36

, 18.294; [

χειρόγραφον] ἦρκεν ἐκ τοῦ μ. Ep.Col.2.14

, cf. Arr.Epict.3.3.15; also ἐκ μ. a half,

ἔτη ὀκτὼ καὶ ἔνατον ἐκ μ. Th.4.133

; also ἐκ μ. κατῆστο remained in the middle, i. e. neutral (cf.

ἐκ 1.6

fin.), Hdt.3.83, cf. 4.118, 8.22,73.

d διὰ μέσου between,

τὸ διὰ μ. ἔθνος Id.1.104

;

διὰ μ. ποιεῖσθαι X.Cyr.6.3.3

; διὰ μ. γενέσθαι intervene, of an event, Th.4.20: c. gen.,

διὰ μέσου τῆς πόλεως ῥεῖ ποταμός X. An.1.2.23

; διὰ μ. ῥεῖ τούτων ποταμός ib.1.4.4, etc.;

τὸ τούτων διὰ μ. Pl.Lg. 805e

; also οἱ διὰ μέσου the middle party, the moderates, Th. 8.75, X.HG5.4.25; τὸ διὰ μ. the middle class, Arist.Pol. 1296a8; of Time,

ὁ διὰ μ. χρόνος Hdt.9.112

; ἡ διὰ μ. ξύμβασις an interim agreement, Th.5.26; διὰ μέσου, as a figure of speech, use of parenthesis, Hdn.Fig.p.95S.

e ἀν (ὀν) τὸ μ. in the midst, Alc.18.3, Xenoph.1.11, Thgn.839; ἀνὰ μέσον midway between, Arist.HA 496a22, Antiph. 13, Theoc.22.21, etc.;

ἀνὰ μ. τοῦ ναοῦ καὶ τοῦ βωμοῦ GDI2010

(Delph.), cf. PTeb.13.9 (ii B. C.), al.;

θρὶξ ἀνὰ μέσσον Theoc.14.9

;

ἀνὰ μέσσα Nic.Th. 167

; also ἀνὰ μέσον φέρε, = μετρίως, Men.531.18.

f κατὰ μέσσον, = ἐν μέσῳ, Il.5.8, 16.285, etc.: c. gen., κὰδ δὲ μέσον τάφρου καὶ τείχεος ἷζον between, 9.87.

2 μέσον, τό, difference, τὸ μ. πρὸς τὰς μεγίστας καὶ ἐλαχίστας the average between.., Th.1.10; πολλὸν τὸ μ., πολὺ τὸ μ., the difference is great, Hdt.1.126, E.Alc. 914 (anap.); τὸ μ. οὐδὲν τῆς ἔχθρης ἐστί there is no middle course for our enmity, Hdt.7.11.

3 middle state, mean,

τὸ μ. καὶ τὸ εὖ Arist.EN 1109b26

; ποιήματα μέσα, opp. ὀγκώδη, in the (correct) mean, Phld.Po.5.5. Adv. -ως

, ἀναστρέφεσθαι Id.Rh.1.155S.

4 in Logic, τὸ μ. the middle term of a syllogism, opp. τὰ ἄκρα, Arist.APr. 66a30; also ὁ μ. (sc. ὅρος) ib. 25b33.

5 Math., middle terms in a proportion, Euc.6.16; μέση, or μέση (μέσος) ἀνάλογον a mean proportional (straight line or number), ib.13, 17, 8.11, 12, al.;

μέσης εὕρεσις Arist.de An. 413a19

, Metaph. 996b21; μέση medial, a specific kind of irrational (straight line), Euc.10.21, al.; μέσον ὀρθογώνιον ([etym.] χωρίον) medial rectangle (area), ib.24, al.

6 Astron., ὁ διὰ μέσων τῶν ζῳδίων κύκλος the ecliptic, Hipparch.1.9.3,4, Gem.2.21, Ptol.Alm.2.7: without κύκλος, Eudox. ap. Arist.Metaph. 1073b20, Hipparch.1.9.12; simply,

ὁ διὰ μέσων D.L.7.146

; but, ὁ μέσος [κύκλος] the equator of a rotating sphere, Arist.Metaph. 1073b30.

7 μέσα, τά, = μέζεα, Blaes.p.191 K.

b = κοιλία 1.3, Herod.Med. ap. Orib.5.27.3, Gal.14.732: sg., Heph.Astr.1.1 (v.l. τὰ μέσα Cat.Cod.Astr.8(2).45).

8 Μέσον, τό, one of the law-courts at Athens, Phot., Sch.Ar.V. 120.

9 οὐ τοῖς μέσοις τῆς βίας χρωμένη no ordinary force, Hierocl.p.15 A.

IV μέση, ἡ, as Subst., v. μέση.

V Adv. μέσον, [dialect] Ep. μέσσον, in the middle, Il.12.167, Od.14.300: c. gen., between,

οὐρανοῦ μ. χθονός <τε> E.Or. 983

(lyr.), cf. Arr.Epict.2.22.10; in the midst of,

μ. τῆς θαλάσσης LXX Ex.14.27

;

μ. γενεᾶς σκολιᾶς Ep.Phil.2.15

: also in pl.,

μέσα αἰετὸς οὐρανοῦ ποτᾶται E.Rh. 530

(lyr.), cf. Nic.Fr.74.26.

2 regul. Adv.

μέσως, πόλεώς τ' οὐ μ. εὐδαίμονος E.Andr. 873

, cf. Hec. 1113, Isoc.9.23; καὶ μ. even in a moderate degree, even a little, Th.2.60; μ. ἔχειν πρός or περί τι to be in the mean.., Arist.EN 1105b28, 1119a11;

θερμότερον ἢ κραυρότερον ἢ μ. ἔχον Eub.7.1

, cf. Sosip. 1.53; μ. βεβιωκέναι in a middle way, i. e. neither well nor ill, Pl.Phd. 113d;

μ. μεθύων Men.226

; μ. διατιθέναι in an intermediate way, D.H. Comp.14.

b Gramm., in the middle voice, A.D. Synt.276.21.

VI irreg. [comp] Comp.

μεσαίτερος Pl.Prm. 165b

: [comp] Sup.

μεσαίτατος Hdt.4.17

, Arist.Mu. 392b33, Gem.9.3, etc.; poet.

μεσσότατος A.R.4.649

, Man. 6.373. (Cf. Skt. mádhyas 'middle', Lat. medius, etc.)

πύππαξ, an exclamation of admiration,

A bravo! Pl.Euthd. 303a, Com.Adesp.1130.

χείρων, ὁ, ἡ, neut. χεῖρον, gen. -ονος, acc. - ονα: nom. and acc. pl. χείρονες, -ας, χείρονα, [var] contr. in [dialect] Att. Prose χείρους, χείρω; dat. χείροσι, poet.

A

χειρόνεσσι Pi.N.8.22

:—(for [dialect] Ep. form [full] χερείων, poet. [full] χειρότερος, [full] χερειότερος, v. sub vocc.):—irreg. [comp] Comp. of κακός: ( χείρων from Χερ-ψων, cf. χερείων):

I of persons, mcaner, inferior, either in bodily strength and bravery, or in rank, opp. ἀρείων, Il.10.238, Od.20.133;

σὺ μὲν ἐσθλὸς ἐγὼ δὲ σέθεν πολὺ χείρων Il.20.434

;

τοῦ γένετ' ἐκ πατρὸς πολὺ χείρονος υἱὸς ἀμείνων 15.641

, cf. Od.20.82;

ἦ πολὺ χείρονες ἄνδρες ἀμύμονος ἀνδρὸς ἄκοιτιν μνῶνται 21.325

; opp. κρείσσων, Pi.I.4(3).34(52);

τὸν ὄλβιον τόν τε χ. E.Ba. 422

(lyr.);

τὰ χείρονα S.Fr. 192

, E.Supp. 196.

2 later in moral sense, worse than others, sts. almost like a positive, knave, opp. ἀγαθός, S.Ph. 456, cf. Th.3.9, Lys.16.3;

οἱ πένητες καὶ οἱ δημόται καὶ οἱ χ. X.Ath.1.4

, cf. 3.10; οἱ χ., opp. οἱ ἀγαθοί, Pl.R. 460c, etc.

b χ. βίος, opp. ἀμείνων, ib. 618d;

γνώμη X.Cyr.8.8.7

.

3 worse in quality, inferior, of horses, Il.23.572: inferior, less skilful,

ἰητροί Hp.Acut.6

; ζωγράφοι, δημιουργοί, etc., Pl.Cra. 429a, R. 421e, etc.: χ. εἰς σοφίαν, εἰς τὴν ἀρετήν, Id.Tht. 162c, R. 335b;

πρὸς ἀλήθειαν Luc. JTr.48

; c. acc.,

χ. τὰ πολεμικά X.Cyr.8.8.20

; χ. τὴν ψυχήν, τὴν διάνοιαν, Aeschin.3.46. Isoc.11.43;

τὰ ἄλλα μηδὲν χ. Id.4.105

; c. inf.,

χ. ἡμῶν ταῦτα ποιεῖν X.Cyr.2.1.16

; οὐδὲν χείρους ἔσεσθε.. ἀκηκοότες you will be none the worse for having heard.., D.24.139; less kind,

μὴ χ. περὶ ἡμᾶς αὐτοὺς εἶναι.. τῶν ὑπαρχόντων Id.2.2

.

II of things, inferior in quality,

ἄεθλον Il.23.413

;

ὑποδήματα X.Oec. 13.10

;

ὄνομα Pl.Cra. 429b

.

2 worse, harder, more severe,

νόσος E.Andr. 220

;

μοῖρα Pl.Phdr. 248e

;

τιμωρία Ep.Hebr.10.29

.

III neut.,

1 as a Subst.,

τὸ χ.

inferiority,

Polem.Call.27

; but mostly in phrases with Preps., ἐπὶ τὸ χ. τρέπεσθαι, κλῖναι, fall off, get worse, X.Cyr.8.8.2, Mem.3.5.13;

ἐπὶ τὸ χ. μεταβάλλει ἑαυτόν Pl.R. 381b

; ἀλλοιοῦσθαι ἐπὶ τὸ χ., opp. ἐπὶ τὸ βέλτιον, Thphr.CP6.3.3; also πάντα ὑποπτεύοντες ἐπὶ τὸ χ. putting the worst construction on.. D.H.6.85;

λαμβάνειν τι ἐπὶ τὸ χ. J.AJ16.7.4

; also

πρὸς τὸ χ. μεταβάλλειν D.S.20.57

;

κατὰ τὸ χ. Pl.Lg. 720e

; in the lower sense, opp. κατὰ τὸ κρεῖττον, Dam.Pr.7: less freq. in pl.,

ἐπὶ τὰ χείρω ἰέναι X. Mem.3.9.9

;

τὰ χ. προαιρεῖσθαι Isoc.8.110

.

2 as a predicate, ἀλλὰ σοὶ αὐτῷ χ. (sc. ἐστί or ἔσται) Od.15.515, cf. X.An.7.6.4; with a neg., οὐ χ. [ἐστι] c. inf., we may as well, Pl.Phd. 105a, Arist. EN 1127a14; simply οὐ χεῖρον, in an answer, it is as well, Ar.Eq. 37;

λάβ', ὦγάθ'· οὐδὲν χ. Clearch.Com.4

.

3 as Adv., worse,

χ. βουλεύσασθαι Th.3.46

, cf. 6.89;

χ. πρᾶξαι Id.7.67

; βιῶναι, ζῆν, Pl. R. 344e, 519d.

b in inferior degree, less,

ἀγαπᾶν Id.Lg. 928a

;

φυλακὰς χ. φυλαττομένας X.HG6.2.17

, etc.

B [comp] Sup. [full] χείριστος, η, ον, worst, Pl.Plt. 303a, etc.; ὁ χ., opp. ὁ βέλτιστος, Lys.1.2; esp.

οἱ χ.

men of lowest degrce,

X.Mem.1.2.32

. Adv.

χείριστα Arist.PA 687a24

, Metaph. 1083b2 (dub. 1.); also

- τως LXX 2 Ma.7.39

.

ἀναμιμέομαι,

A imitate, Plu.2.303a.

ἑκᾰτερ-ος ([dialect] Dor.

A

ϝεκ- Leg.Gort.1.18

, Michel 995 A 49 (Delph.)), α, ον, each of two, each singly, opp. ἀμφότεροι, Lys.2.33 ; εἷς ἑ. Syngr. ap. D.35.12 ;

αὐτὸ τὸ ἑ. καὶ τὸ ἀμφότερον Pl.Hp.Ma. 303a

, cf. Pi.I.8(7).31, Th.1.20, etc. ; when joined with a Subst., the Subst. almost always takes the Art. (so in [dialect] Att. Inscrr. exc. IG12.372.137), as

ἐφ' ἑ. τῷ κέρᾳ Th.5.67

;

ἐπὶ τῷ κέρᾳ ἑ. Id.4.93

;

ἑ. τῇ πόλει Id.5.16

: sts. with Noun or Pron. in gen.,

ἑκάτερος ἡμῶν Id.6.17

;

ἑκατέρᾳ τῶν χειρῶν D.S.4.10

: as nom. to pl. Verb, sts. in pl., esp. when one or both parties are in pl.,

ἐδικαίευν ἑκάτεροι Hdt.9.26

, Pl.R. 348b, etc.: in sg. with Verb in pl.,

ταῦτα εἰπόντες ἀπῆλθον ἑκάτερος ἐπὶ τὰ προσήκοντα X.Cyr.5.2.22

, cf.6.1.19 ; repeated in ref. to each of two parties,

ἐὰν ἑκάτεροι ἑκατέρων τέμνωσιν ἀγρούς Pl.R. 470d

: with Particles and Preps.,

ὡς ἑκάτεροι Th.3.74

; ἐφ' ἑκάτερα both ways, Id.5.73 ;

καθ' ἑκάτερα X.An.5.6.7

;

ἐξ ἑκατέρων Luc.Am.14

.

2 = ἕκαστος, Id.Alex.49.

Ἡρακλέης, [var] contr. [suff] ἠπιο-κλῆς, ὁ, the former in [dialect] Ep., Pi., Hdt., and E. Heracl. 210, Ion 1144, HF 924; the latter also in E., S., and [dialect] Att. Prose: the orig. forms of the obl. cases Ἡρακλέεος, -κλέεϊ, -κλέεᾰ nowhere appear in use; but in [dialect] Att. the contracted forms

A

Ἡρακλέους Ar. Nu. 1050

,

Ἡρακλέει E.Heracl.8

, 988, Ar.Av. 567,

Ἡρακλέᾱ Id.V. 757

(anap.) (also in h.Hom.15.1, Hes.Sc. 448, Theoc.24.1); in [dialect] Ion. and [dialect] Ep., Ἡρακλῆος, -κλῆϊ, -κλῆα (

- κλῆϊ Pi.I.5(4).37

, - κλῆος dub. in E. Heracl. 541):—these forms are still further shortd.,

Ἡρακλέος Hdt.2.42

(v.l. -έους), Pi.O.3.44 (scanned -?ἩρακλέηςX- P.10.3), E.HF 806 (lyr.),

Ἡρακλέῖ Hdt.2.145

, Theoc.25.71;

Ἡρακλέᾰ Hdt.2.42

sq., Pi.O.10(11).16, AP9.391 (Diotim. or Call.) (scanned -?ἩρακλέηςX- S.Tr. 233, Ar.Th.26); again [var] contr.

Ἡρᾰκλῆ S.Tr. 476

cod. A, interpol. in Pl.Phd. 89c, Ael. VH1.24;

Ἡρακλεῖ B.8.9

, Th.7.73: irreg. acc.

Ἡρακλέην A.R.2.767

, dub.l. in Theoc.13.73; [var] contr. Ἡρακλῆν v.l. in Paus.8.31.3 and Epigr. ap.Alcid.Od.24, BGU166.12 (ii A.D.): voc.

Ἡράκλεες Archil.119

, Pi. N.7.86, E.HF 175; [dialect] Att.

Ἡράκλεις Pl.Euthd. 303a

, etc., later

Ἥρακλες Orph.H.12.1

[pron. full] [ᾰ], AP9.468 [pron. full] [ᾱ], Gramm. ap. Lib.Ep. 255: pl.

Ἡρακλέες Pl.Tht. 169b

(but Ἡρακλεῖς Hdn.Gr.1.424), acc.

- έας Ar. Pax 741

: dual

Ηρακλέε Philostr.VA5.5

: ([etym.] Ἥρα, κλέος):— Heracles, Il.14.266, etc.; Ἡρακλέος στᾶλαι (v. Ἡράκλειος), prov. of going to the farthest point, Pi.O.3.44; Ἡρακλέους ὀργήν τιν' ἔχων a temper like Heracles, Ar.V. 1030, Pax 752; prov. of close friendship, ἄλλος Ἡρακλῆς, ἄλλος αὐτός (Mss. οὗτος) Arist.EE 1245a30; but ἄλλος οὗτος Ἡρακλῆς 'a second Heracles', Id.MM 1213a13, Varr.Sat.Men.tit.: voc. Ἡράκλεις as an exclamation of surprise, anger, or disgust, Ar.Ach. 284, Nu. 184.

2 the planet Mars, Arist.Mu..392a25, Ach. Tat.Intr.Arat.17. [[pron. full] ᾰ, long by position in [dialect] Ep. and E., as Heracl. 123.]

ὀλίγος [pron. full] [ῐ], η, ον, later [full] ὀλίος (q.v.), of Size,

A little, small, freq. in Hom., rarer later, opp.

μέγας, σάκος Il.14.376

;

κῦμα Od.10.94

, etc. ; ὀλίγῃ ὀπί with small, low voice, 14.492 ; of stature, 9.515 ;

ὀ. κῶρος Theoc.1.47

;

οὐκ ὀλίγης αἷμα βοὸς κέχυται Call.Aet.Oxy.2080.85

; of Space,

ὀ. χῶρος Il.10.161

, etc. ; of Time,

χρόνος 19.157

,23.418, Pi. N.7.38, etc. ;

ἐν βραχεῖ κὠλίγῳ χρόνῳ S.Fr. 646

(cf. IV. 3).

2 sts. in a sense between that of Size and Quantity,

ὀ. δόσις Od.6.208

;

οὖρα ὀλίγα

not copious,

Hp.Epid.1.2

; ὑποστάσιες ὀλίγαι slight sediments, ib.17 ; ὀ. καὶ οὐδέν little or nothing, Pl.Ap. 23a ;

οὐδὲν ἢ ὀ. Arist.PA 651b17

.

3 of Degree, ὀ. καὶ μέγας of low and high degree, Callin.1.17.

4 weak,

ἀθυμοτέρη καὶ ὀλιγωτέρη φύσις Hp.Virg. 1

.

II of Number, few, or of Quantity, little, not in Hom., freq. in [dialect] Att., Ar.Av. 1417, Eq. 717, etc., but rare in Trag., as

ὀλίγα κακά A.Pers. 330

.—The governing body in Oligarchies and the oligarchical party in Democracies was called οἱ ὀ., Th.6.38,8.9, etc. ; ἡ ὑπὸ τῶν ὀ. δυναστεία, αἱ διὰ τῶν ὀ. δυναστεῖαι, Pl.Plt. 291d, D.60.25 ;

ἑνὸς καὶ πλήθους τὸ ὀ. μέσον Pl.Plt. 303a

.

2 c. inf., ὀλίγους.. στρατιῇ τῇ Μήδων συμβαλεῖν too few to engage.., Hdt.6.109, cf. 7.207 ;

μὴ.. αἱ σφέτεραι δέκα νῆες ὀλίγαι ἀμύνειν ὦσιν Th.1.50

.

III neut. ὀλίγον as Adv., a little, slightly, little, with Verbs,

ὀ. παρακλίνας Il.23.424

, cf. 11.52, 12.452 ;

φροντίσας E.Cyc. 163

;

ὀ. τοῦ ποιήματος προελθών Pl.Prt. 339d

: also neut. pl.,

ἠκροβολίσαντο ὀλίγα Th.3.73

.

2 with comp. Adjs.,

ὀλίγον προγενέστερος Il.23.789

;

ὀ. ἧσσον Od.15.365

;

στιβαρώτερον οὐκ ὀ. περ 8.187

;

φέρτερος οὐκ ὀ. περ Il.19.217

; ὀ. τι πρότερον, v.l. for ὀλίγῳ, Hdt.4.79,81, cf. Pl.Plt. 262b, etc. ;

ὀ. ὕστερον Id.Grg. 454b

, etc. ; but ὀλίγῳ is more freq. in Prose, Hdt. ll.cc. (with v.l.), 7.113, al., Pl.Grg. 460c, R. 327c, etc.

IV special Phrases:

1 ὀλίγου δεῖν almost (v. δεῖ II); ὀλίγου ἐδέησε καταλαβεῖν wanted but little of overtaking, Hdt.7.10.γ' : hence ὀλίγου alone, within a little, allbut, almost,

ὀλίγου σεκύνες διεδηλήσαντο Od.14.37

, cf. Ar.Ach. 348, 381,Nu. 722, Lys.14.17, Pl.Prt. 361b, D.19.334, etc. ;

ὀ. ἅπαντες Pl.Ap. 22b

;

ὀ. ἐς χιλίους

close upon

1

, 000, Th.4.124 ; ὀ. ἦλθεν ἑλεῖν (v. infr. 9) Paus.1.13.6.

2

δι' ὀλίγου

at a short distance,

E.Ph. 1098

, Th.2.89,3.21, dub. in A.Th. 762 (lyr.) ; for (during) a short time, Th.1.77,2.85,3.43 ; within or after a short time, Id.6.11,47,7.39, etc. ; but

b

δι' ὀλίγων

in few words,

Pl. Phlb. 31d

, etc. ; v. infr. VI.2.

3 ἐν ὀλίγῳ ( χώρῳ is added in Hdt. 9.70) in a small space, within small compass, E.Supp. 1126 (lyr.) ;

ἐν ὀ. στρατοπεδευομένοις Th.4.26

; κυκλωθέντων ἐν ὀ. ib.96 ;

εἰς ταὐτὸ πάντα.. ἁθροίσαντ' ἐν ὀ. D.3.18

; also ἐν ὀ. (sc. χρόνῳ) for a brief time, Pi.P.8.92 ; but also, in a short time, quickly,

ἔγνων καὶ περὶ τῶν ποιητῶν ἐν ὀ. τοῦτο Pl.Ap. 22b

, cf. Th.4.55, Act.Ap.26.28.

b ἐν ὀλίγοις one among few, i.e. exceedingly, remarkably,

ποταμὸς ἐν ὀ. μέγας Hdt.4.52

;

ἐν ὀλίγοισι Περσέων.. ἀνὴρ δόκιμος Id.9.41

: freq. in later writers, Plu. Pomp.10, Hld.3.1 ; so σὺν ὀλίγοις, v. infr. 10.

4 ἐξ ὀλίγου at short notice, suddenly,

ἐξ ὀ. καὶ δι' ὀργῆς Th.2.11

, cf. 61,4.108, etc.

5 ἐς ὀλίγον, like παρ' ὀλίγον, within a little, ἐς ὀ. ἀφίκετο τὸ στράτευμα νικηθῆναι ib. 129.

6

ἐπ' ὀλίγον

for a short time,

Hp.Prorrh.1.26

, Plot. 4.4.29, Gp.7.12.22, 10.7.10, etc. ; a little at a time, Hp.VC18 ;

εἴρηται ἐν τῷ [βιβλίῳ] ἐπ' ὀλίγον

a little way on, near the beginning,

Gal.15.428

.

7

κατ' ὀλίγον

by little and little,

Th.1.69

, Pl.Ti. 85d, Luc. Nec.11, etc. ;

ἐκ τοῦ κατ' ὀ. D.S.15.34

, Ath.Med. ap. Orib.1.2.6 : but the Adj.freq. takes the gender and number of its Subst.,

κατ' ὀλίγους Hdt.2.93

, 8.113 ; οὗτοι κατ' ὀλίγους γινόμενοι ἐμάχοντο fought few at a time, in small parties, Id.9.102, cf. Pl.Tht. 197d ; κατ' ὀλίγον μαχεῖται (sc. τὸ πλῆθος αὐτῶν) Th.4.10.

8

μετ' ὀλίγον τούτων

shortly after..,

X.HG1.1.2

.

9 παρ' ὀλίγον with little to spare, only just,

ἀπέφυγες E.IT 870

(lyr.) ; to within a short distance of,

παρ' ὀ. ἦλθε.. ἐκπεσεῖν Plb. 2.55.4

, cf. 18.46.12 ; but

b παρ' ὀ. ποιεῖσθαι hold of small account, X.An.6.6.11.

10 σὺν ὀλίγοις, = ἐν ὀλίγοις, ἐπαινεθῆναι Plu.Galb.3 ; v. supr. IV.3b.

V regul. Adv. ὀλίγως is rare, 2 Ep.Pet.2.18, Aq. Is.10.7 ;

οὐκ ὀ. AP12.205

(Strat.).

VI Comparison:

1 the [comp] Comp. is commonly supplied by μείων, ἥσσων, or ἐλάσσων (qq.v.) ; the older form ὀλείζων (fr. Ολειγ-ψων ) is found in Hom., λαοὶ δ' ὑπ' ὀλείζονες ἦσαν ( ὑπολίζονες codd.) Il.18.519 ; so in [dialect] Att. Inscrr., IG12.76.8 (written ὄλεζον ib.63.17, al.) ; τοῖσι.. ὀλείζοσι μυστηρίοισιν ib.6.76, cf. 95 ; ὀλείζους is prob. in X.Ath.2.1 ( μείζους codd.) ; so in Alexandrian Poets, Call.Jov.72 ( ὀλίζοσι codd.), AP9.521 ; ἐς ὀλίζονας ἀστέρας ἄρκτου Poet. ap. Theodos. in HilgardExc.exHdn.p.19 ; also

ὀλίζωνες Nic.Th. 123

, ὀλίζωνα ib. 372 ; ὀλιζότερος is found in Id.Al. 479, Opp.C.3.65, 394, cf. ὀλιζόω ; ὀλιγώτερος is found in Hp.Virg. I (with the sense weaker, v. supr. 1.4), S.E.M.1.70, App.Pun.42, Mith.24, Ael.NA2.42,6.51.

2 [comp] Sup. ὀλίγιστος, η, ον, always of Number or Quantity, Il.19.223, Hes.Op. 723, IG12.54.7, Ar.Ra. 115, Pl. 628, Pl.R. 473b, al. ; ὀλιγίστου, [comp] Sup. of ὀλίγου (cf. IV. I), very nearly, Phot., Hsch. (ubi ὀλιγωστοῦ) ; ὀλίγιστον as Adv., least, very little, Pl.R. 587b ;

τὸ ὀ.

at least,

Id.Prm. 149a

;

ὡς ὀλίγιστα Id.Grg. 510a

, Lg. 953a (v.l. ὀλιγοστά) ;

ἐν ὀλιγίστῳ διασαφῶν Eust.1262.54

; so

δι' ὀλιγίστων Pl.Ep. 351d

(interpol.). (Aspirated in papyri of ii-iii A.D., as

μεθ' ὁλίγον BGU388.11

, cf. 146.10.)

μέσος, η, ον (Hom.+). The distinction between ‘middle’ and ‘among’ for μ. is sometimes rather fluid, and some of the passages here cited may fit equally well under 1 or 2.

① pert. to a middle position spatially or temporally, middle, in the middle.

ⓐ as adj. (of intermediate terms: Pla., Rep. 330b, Pol. 303a) ὁ μέσος αὐτῶν ἀνήρ the man in their midst, apparently surrounded by them Hs 9, 12, 7. μέσης νυκτός at midnight (3 Km 3:20.—B-D-F §270, 2; Rob. 495; Lobeck, Phryn. p. 53; 54; 465) Mt 25:6. ἡμέρας μέσης at midday (Jos., Bell. 1, 651, Ant. 17, 155) Ac 26:13. εἰς μέσην τὴν οἰκοδομήν into the middle of the building Hs 9, 7, 5; cp. 9, 8, 2; 4; 6 (cp. Philo, Fuga 49 εἰς μέσον τὸν ποταμόν; Jos., Ant. 4, 80 εἰς μέσον τὸ πῦρ). ἐσταύρωσαν … μέσον τὸν Ἰησοῦν they crucified Jesus between (them) J 19:18. ἐσχίσθη τὸ καταπέτασμα μέσον the curtain was torn in two Lk 23:45 (cp. Artem. 4, 30 τὸ ἱμάτιον μέσον ἐρρωγέναι). ἐλάκησεν μέσος Ac 1:18 (cp. Aristoph., Ran. 955). ἐν μέσοις τοῖς ὀργάνοις τοῦ διαβόλου in the midst of the tools of the devil 2 Cl 18:2 (for the syntax cp. Gen 2:9 ἐν μέσῳ τῷ παραδείσῳ).

ⓑ as subst. neut. τὸ μ. the middle (on the absence of the art. s. B-D-F §264, 4; cp. Rob. 792) ἀνὰ μέσον τινός (s. ἀνά 1) ἀνὰ μέσον τῶν ὁρίων within or through the region Mk 7:31. ἀνὰ μ. αὐτῶν between them GPt 4:10; Hs 9, 2, 3; 9, 15, 2. ἀνὰ μ. ἐκκλησίας ἁγίων B 6:16; 4:10; διακρῖναι ἀνὰ μ. τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ between one (congregation) member and another 1 Cor 6:5 (s. ἀνά 1b. Perh. μέσος prompted a shortening of the sentence tending to obscurity; cp. the Stoic expr. μέσα καθήκοντα = καθήκοντα ἃ ἐν μέσῳ ἐστὶ κατορθωμάτων κ. ἁμαρτημάτων: MPohlenz, D. Stoa II ’49, 73f). τὸ ἀρνίον τὸ ἀ. μ. τοῦ θρόνου the lamb who is (seated) on the center of the throne Rv 7:17. ἀνὰ μ. τῆς ὁδοῦ (they made) half their journey GJs 17:3.—διὰ μέσου αὐτῶν through the midst of them (X., An. 1, 4, 4; Aesop. Fab. 147 P.=247 H./201a Ch./152 [I, II] H-H.; Am 5:17; Jer 44:4; Jdth 11:19; 1 Macc 5:46; Ath. 18, 3 ‘between’) Lk 4:30; J 8:59 v.l. διὰ μέσον Σαμαρείας καὶ Γαλιλαίας Lk 17:11 prob. can only mean through Samaria and Galilee; but this raises a practical difficulty, since we should expect to find the provinces mentioned in the opposite order. Perh. the text is damaged (cp. the vv.ll. διὰ μέσου and μέσον; s. B-D-F §222; Rob. 648; JBlinzler, AWikenhauser Festschr. ’54, 46ff. If the v.l. διὰ μέσου Σ. καὶ Γ. should be correct, we could compare Maximus Tyr. 28, 4a διὰ μέσου πίστεως κ. ἀπιστίας=throughout between). For the view that μέσον signifies the area betw. S. and G. s. the comm. Cp. δια B1.—εἰς τὸ μέσον into the middle or center (X., Cyr. 3, 1, 6; Dio Chrys. 19 [36], 24; 3 Km 6:8; Jos., Ant. 9, 149) Mk 3:3; Lk 4:35; 5:19; 6:8; J 20:19, 26 (ἔστη εἰς τὸ μέσον as Vi. Aesopi G 82 P.); Hs 9, 8, 5; also in the middle 9, 6, 1. W. gen. (X., An. 1, 5; 14a; Jer 21:4; 48:7; Sb 6270, 13) εἰς τὸ μ. αὐτῶν in the midst of them 9, 11, 7. Without the art. (LXX; Jos., Vi. 334; SibOr 3, 674) εἰς μ. τοῦ πεδίου in the middle of the plain Hs 9, 2, 1 (εἰς μ.=‘in the middle’, as Ps.-Clem., Hom. 3, 30 p. 44, 21 Lag.). τί … τὸ ἔριον εἰς μ. τῶν ἀκανθῶν τιθέασιν; Why do they place the wool in the middle of the thorns? 7:11. ἀναστὰς εἰς μ. he arose (and came) forward Mk 14:60 (cp. Theocr. 22, 82 ἐς μέσον=into the middle; Himerius, Or. 63 [=Or. 17], 2 εἰς μέσον ἔρχεσθαι=come into the open; X., Cyr. 4, 1, 1 στὰς εἰς τὸ μ.).—ἐν τῷ μ. among, before (more closely defined by the context, or = in public [so Clearch., Fgm. 45 οἴκοι καὶ μὴ ἐν τῷ μέσῳ; Appian, Liby. 15 §63]) Mt 14:6 (Dio Chrys. 30 [79], 39 ὀρχεῖσθαι ἐν τῷ μέσω; Lucian, Pereg. 8) and into the middle, before (them) (Vi. Aesopi W c. 86 στὰς ἐν τῷ μέσῳ ἔφη) Ac 4:7. Without the art. (LXX) ἐν μέσῳ (on the spelling ἐμ μέσῳ, which occurs several times as v.l., s. B-D-F §19, 1; Mlt-H. 105) abs. into the middle, before (someone) (Appian, Hann. 16 §67, Liby. 14 §59; Jos., Ant. 7, 278) J 8:3; MPol 18:1 and in the middle (Pla., Rep. 558a; Herm. Wr. 4, 3; PLille 1 recto, 5 [259 B.C.]; GrBar 13:4) J 8:9. W. gen. of place (Aeneas Tact. 1529; 1532; TestAbr A 12 p. 90, 21 [Stone p. 28], B 8 p. 113, 3 [St. p. 74]; ParJer 1:2; GrBar 10:2) τῆς θαλάσσης (En 97:7) in the middle of the lake Mk 6:47. τῆς πλατείας through the middle of the street Rv 22:2. ἐν μ. τῆς αὐλῆς in the middle of the courtyard Lk 22:55a; τοῦ τάφου GPt 13:55. ἐν μ. αὐτῆς within it (the city of Jerusalem) Lk 21:21; cp. Dg 12:3; MPol 12:1; 12:2(?). ἐν μ. τοῦ θρόνου καὶ τῶν τεσσάρων ζῴων on the center of the throne and among the four living creatures Rv 5:6a (w. double gen. also between: Appian, Hann. 14 §60, Bell. Civ. 5, 23 §92; Arrian, Anab. 1, 20, 2; 3, 28, 8 al.; Lucian, Fugit. 10 ἐν μ. ἀλαζονείας κ. φιλοσοφίας). ἐν μέσῳ τ. θρόνου around (on every side of) the throne 4:6 (but between the throne and a more remote point: RBrewer, JBL 71, ’52, 227–31).—ἐν μέσῳ ἐκκλησίας Hb 2:12 (Ps 21:23); cp. Ac 17:22. κατὰ μέσον (Jos., Bell. 5, 207; SibOr 3, 802 κατὰ μέσσον=‘in the middle’ [of the day]) κατὰ μ. τῆς νυκτός about midnight Ac 16:25 D; 27:27.

ⓒ The neut. μέσον serves as adv. (e.g., Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 43 §175 μ.=meanwhile) ἦν μέσον ὡς he was in the center of it as MPol 15:2; and is used as prep. w. gen. (B-D-F §215, 3; Rob. 644. Cp. Hdt. 9, 107, 2; Polyb. 8, 25, 1; Epict. 2, 22, 10; LXX, TestSol; TestAbr A 4 p. 80, 31 [Stone p. 8]; JosAs 24:21; Jos., Ant. 6, 65; SibOr 3, 319) μ. τῆς θαλάσσης in the middle of the lake Mt 14:24 v.l.; μ. γενεᾶς σκολιᾶς in the midst of a crooked generation Phil 2:15 (cp. Maximus Tyr. 36, 5a ἐν μέσῳ τῷ σιδηρῷ τούτῳ γένει).

② pert. to a position within a group, without focus on mediate position, among.

ⓐ as adj. ἐκάθητο ὁ Πέτρος μέσος αὐτῶν Peter was sitting among them Lk 22:55 (the point being not as center of attention but inconspicuously in the group; cp. Jos., Ant. 9, 107). μέσος ὑμῶν ἕστηκεν J 1:26 (Jos., Ant. 14, 23). τοῦ πύργου μέσου Hs 9, 8, 2. εἶδον … μέσον αὐτῶν τὸν Παῦλον AcPl Ha 11, 14.

ⓑ as subst. neuter ἀνὰ μέσον τινός (s. ἀνά 1) among someth. Mt 13:25. W. gen. pl. (TestJob 32:6 ἐν μέσῳ τῶν τέκνων σου) in the midst of, among in answer to the questions where and whither (B-D-F §215, 3 app.) Mt 18:2, 20; Mk 9:36; Lk 2:46; 24:36; Ac 1:15; 2:22; 6:15 D; 27:21; Rv 5:6b; cp. 6:6. Of close personal relationship ἐν μέσῳ ὑμῶν among you = in communion with you Lk 22:27; 1 Th 2:7.—ἐν μ. λύκων among wolves Mt 10:16; Lk 10:3; 2 Cl 5:2.—W. gen. pl. of things (Alciphron 3, 24, 3) Lk 8:7; Rv 1:13; 2:1. ἐκ (τοῦ) μ. from among (X., An. 1, 5, 14b; oracular response in Diod S 9, 3, 2; LXX=מִתּוֹךְ): αἴρειν τι (or τινά) ἐκ (τοῦ) μέσου (τινῶν) Col 2:14; 1 Cor 5:2 (s. αἴρω 3). ἁρπάσαι αὐτὸν ἐκ μ. αὐτῶν Ac 23:10 (s. ἁρπάζω 2a). ἀφορίζειν τοὺς πονηροὺς ἐκ μ. τῶν δικαίων Mt 13:49 (s. ἀφορίζω 1). γίνεσθαι ἐκ μ. 2 Th 2:7 (s. γίνομαι 6b). ἐξέρχεσθαι ἐκ μ. αὐτῶν from among them Ac 17:33; cp. 2 Cor 6:17 (cp. Is 52:11). κύριος λαμβάνει ἑαυτῷ ἔθνος ἐκ μ. ἐθνῶν 1 Cl 29:3 (cp. Dt 4:34).—B. 864. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.