519d

πάσχω, Il.20.297, etc.: [tense] impf.

A

ἔπασχον 17.375

, etc.: [tense] fut.

πείσομαι Od.2.134

, etc. ; [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 3sg.

παισεῖται Abh.Berl.Akad.1925(5).21

(Cyrene, iii B.C.): [tense] aor.

ἔπᾰθον Il.9.492

, etc.: [tense] pf.

πέπονθα Od.13.6

, etc.: [tense] plpf. ἐπεπόνθειν ib.92, etc.; [dialect] Att.

ἐπεπόνθη Pl.Smp. 198c

(all the above tenses in Hom., [tense] pres. and [tense] aor. only in Hes.). —Rarer forms, [ per.] 2pl. [tense] pf. πέπασθε (so Aristarch.) Il.3.99,

πέποσθε Od. 23.53

; fem. [tense] pf. part.

πεπᾰθυῖα 17.555

; [dialect] Dor. [tense] pf.

πέποσχα Stesich. 89

, Epich.11, PCair.Zen. 482.18 (iii B.C.) :— have something done to one, suffer, opp. do,

ὅσσ' ἔρξαν τ' ἔπαθόν τε Od.8.490

;

ῥέζοντά τι καὶ παθεῖν ἔοικεν Pi.N.4.32

; δρᾶν καὶ πάσχειν, v. δράω ; πολλὰ μὲν.. πείσεσθαι, πολλὰ δὲ ποιήσειν Hdt.5.89, etc.: hence used as [voice] Pass. of ποιέω (cf. Arist. Cat. 2a4, Metaph. 1017a26, Plot.3.6.8, etc.), π. τι ὑπό τινος to be treated so and so by another, suffer it at his hands,

ἃ πάσχοντες ὑφ' ἑτέρων ὀργίζεσθε, ταῦτα τοὺς ἄλλους μὴ ποιεῖτε Isoc.3.61

, cf. Hdt.1.44, 124,al. ;

ἐξ ἐμοῦ μὲν ἔπαθες οἷα φῂς παθεῖν, δρᾷς δ' οὐδὲν ἡμᾶς εὖ E.Hec. 252

;

οἷα πρὸς θεῶν πάσχω θεός A.Pr.92

, cf. Hdt.1.36.

II to have something happen to one, to be or come to be in a state or case,

καί τι ἔφη γελοῖον παθεῖν Pl.Smp. 174e

;

ὅπερ οἱ τὰς ἐγχέλεις θηρώμενοι πέπονθας Ar.Eq. 846

, cf. V. 946 ; ὁρᾶτε μὴ ταὐτὸ πάθητε τῷ ἵππῳ see that it be not with you as with the horse in the fable, Arist. Rh. 1393b20, cf. Pl.R. 488a ; παραπλ ήσιον π. ὥσπερ ἂν εἰ .. Isoc.1.27 ; ὁμοιότατον πεπονθέναι ὥσπερ ἂν εἴ τις .. Pl.Phd. 98c.

2 of the influence of passion or feeling, to be affected in a certain way, be (or come to be) in a certain state of mind,

οἱ Καμαριναῖοι ἐπεπόνθεσαν τοιόνδε Th.6.88

, cf. 1.80, D.20.56 ;

ὅ τι μὲν ὑμεῖς πεπόνθατε ὑπὸ τῶν ἐμῶν κατηγόρων οὐκ οἶδα Pl.Ap. 17a

, cf. 21c, 22c, Alc.1.118b, Smp.198c ;

π. τι πρός τινας Isoc.2.42

, Pl.Grg. 485b, cf. X.Smp.4.11, 8.15, etc. ;

τι ἔς τινας Th.6.11

: sts. with Adj., ὑϊκὸν πάσχει he is swinishly disposed, X.Mem.1.2.30 : abs., ὁ πάσχων the man of feeling or impulse, ὁ μὴ πάσχων the un impassioned man, Arist.MM 1203b21.

3 of things, πεπόνθασι.. αἱ Ἰώνων ὁρταὶ τοῦτο this is the case with.., Hdt.1.148 ; πάσχει δὲ ταὐτὸ τοῦτο καὶ τὰ κάρδαμα this is just the way with.., Ar.Nu. 234 ;

οἷον τὰ γράμματα πεπονθότ' ἂν εἴη Pl.Sph. 253a

; ὁμοίως π. τῷ Νείλῳ to be in the same case with.., Hdt.2.20.

4 Gramm., of words, to be subject to certain changes, EM 200.11, 491.2, etc. ; τὸ πεπονθός a modified form, A.D.Adv.137.16.

b to be passive in meaning, Id.Synt. 244.6,al.

III freq. with Advbs., κακῶς πάσχειν or παθεῖν to be in evil plight, unlucky, Od.16.275, Hdt.3.146, etc. ; κακῶς π. ὑπό τινος to be ill used, ill treated by.., A.Pr. 1041 (anap.) ; ἐκ Διὸς π. κακῶς ib. 759 (but also κακὸν π. ὑ. τ. Th.8.48): freq. with an Adj., κακά, αἰνά, λυγρὰ π ., Il.3.99, 22.431, Hdt.9.37 ;

ἀνάρσια πρός τινος Id.5.89

: freq. in Trag., π. δύσοιστα, τάλανα, ἀμήχανα, οἰκτρά, σχέτλια, ἀνάξια, A.Eu. 789 (lyr.), Th. 988 (dub.), E.Hipp. 598, Hec. 321, Andr. 1180 (dub.), IA 852 : also in Prose, δεινά, βίαια π., D.51.19, 21.1, etc. ; πρέποντα πάσχειν Anti-pho 3.3.9 : in Hom. also with Subst., ἄλγεα, κήδεα, πήματα, ἀεκήλια ἔργα, Il.20.297, Od.17.555, Il.5.886, 18.77 : rarely in [dialect] Att.,

πράγματ' αἴσχιστ' ἂν ἐπάθομεν D.21.17

.

b εὖ πάσχειν to be well off, in good case, c. gen., τῶν αὑτοῦ (leg. ὧν αὐτοῦ, cf. ὅς Possess.) κτεάνων εὖ πασχέμεν to have the good of, enjoy one's own, like ἀπολαύω, γεύομαι, etc., Thgn. 1009, cf. Pi.N.1.32 ; εὖ πάσχειν receive benefits, opp. εὖ δρᾶν, A.Eu. 868, Th.2.40, etc. ;

ἀνθ' ὧν ἔπασχον εὖ.. χάριν δοῦναι S.OC 1489

;

τιμᾶσθαι.. ἐν τῇ μνήμῃ τῶν εὖ πεπονθότων Aeschin.3.182

;

εὖ παθεῖν ὑπό τινων Pl.Grg. 519d

, etc.: also with an Adj.,

π. ἀγαθά Hdt.2.37

;

τι ἐσλόν Pi.P.9.89

, cf. Alc.Supp.22.5 ;

τερπνόν τι S. Aj. 521

, cf. Theoc.7.83 ; χαρτά, ὅσια, E.Ph. 618, Hec. 788 ; γλυκέα, χαρίεντα π., Ar. Pax 591, Ec. 794 ;

δίκαια Din.1.10

;

φιλικὰ ὑπό τινος X.Cyr.4.6.6

.

2 without Adv., with reference to evil, used for κακῶς or

κακὰπ., μάλα πόλλ' ἔπαθον καὶ πόλλ' ἐμόγησα Od.5.223

, cf. Il. 23.607 ;

εἴ κεν μάλα πολλὰ πάθοι 22.220

; ὁτιοῦν π. suffer anything whatever, Isoc.12.133, etc.: abs., παθὼν δέ τε νήπιος ἔγνω by hard experience, Hes. Op. 218, cf. S.OT 403 ; ὁ παθών the injured parly, Pl. Lg. 730a, 878c :—Phrases: μή τι πάθῃς or πάθοι, lest thou, lest he suffer any ill, Od.17.596, Il.5.567, cf. 11.470, etc. ;

μή τι πάθωμεν 13.52

: hence εἴ τι πάθοιμι or ἤν τι πάθω, as euphemism, if aught were to happen to me, i.e. if I were to die, Callin.1.17, Hdt.8.102, Ar.Ec. 1105, V. 385, Lys.19.51, Theoc.8.10 ;

ἂν οὗτός τι πάθῃ D.4.11

;

ἐάν τινα ἀνθρώπινα πάσχῃ IG3.74.13

; so

εἴ τι πείσεται.. ἅδε γᾶ E.Ph. 244

(lyr.) ;

ἤν τι ναῦς πάθῃ Id.IT 755

, cf. Syngr. ap. D.35.13.

b in Law, suffer punishment, pay the penalty, Lys.20.30 ;

π. ὡς ἱερόσυλος SIG 1016.7

(Iasos, iv B. C.), cf. 1 Ep.Pet.4.15 ; ὡς προδότης καὶ ἐπιβουλεύων τῷ δήμῳ πασχέτω τι Aen. Tact.11.9 ;

τιμᾶν ὅ τι χρὴ παθεῖν.. ἢ ἀποτεῖσαι Pl.Plt. 299a

(- τίνειν codd.), cf. Ap. 36b, X.Mem.2.9.5, IG12.65.50, etc.

3 τί πάθω ; what is to become of me? ὤμοι ἐγώ, τί π. ; Il.11.404, Od.5.465, S.OC 216 (lyr.), Theoc.3.24 ; sts. what (else) am I to do? Ar.Nu. 798 ; so esp. τί γὰρ π. ; E.Hec. 614, Supp. 257, Ar.Av. 1432, etc. ; ὡμολόγηκα· τί γὰρ π. ; I allow it—how can I help it? Pl.Euthd. 302d, cf. Hdt.4.118.

4 in [ per.] 2sg., τί πάσχεις ; what's the matter with you? Ar.Nu. 708, Av. 1044 ; τί χρῆμα πάσχεις ; Id.Nu. 816 : so in [tense] aor. part., τί παθών ; τί παθόντε λελάσμεθα θούριδος ἀλκῆς ; what possesses us that we have forgotten.. ? Il.11.313 ; but τί παθόντες γαῖαν ἔδυτε ; what befell you that you died ? Od.24.106 ; also οὐδὲν θαυμαστὸν ἔπαθεν.. πεισθείς no wonder that he was induced, Antipho 2.4.7.

5 to be ill, suffer, c. acc. of the part affected, π. τοὺς πόδας, τὴν πλευράν, PSI4.293.23 (iii A. D.), PGen.56.27 (iv A. D.) : abs. in part., ὁ πάσχων, almost = ὁ κάμνων, the patient, PMag. Par.1.3017 ;

μεταβαίνει ἀπὸ τῶν παθῶν ἐπὶ τοὺς πάσχοντας ἀνθρώπους Gal.16.583

, cf. 15.501, Sor.Fasc. 45, al.

IV in later Stoic Philos., πάσχειν is to be acted upon by outward objects, take impressions from, them, opp. ἀποπάσχω, mostly folld. by ὅτι, to be led to suppose that.., Arr.Epict.1.2.3, 1.18.1, etc.: also c. acc., have experience of, ἀρετήν, λόγον, Ph.2.449, 1.121. (Πṇ θσκω, [tense] fut. Πένθ-σομαι, cf. πένθος.)

σπουδ-αῖος, α, ον ([etym.] σπουδή) prop.

A in haste, quick,

σ. τοὺς πόδας Poll. 1.197

, 3.149;

τὸ σ. τῆς πορείας Polyaen.6.24

:—but in ordinary use denoting energy or earnestness:

I of persons, earnest, serious, X.Cyr.2.2.16 ([comp] Sup.), cf. Smp.8.3; active, zealous, in canvassing, Plu. Aem.1.

2 good, excellent in their several kinds, Hdt.8.69; opp. φαῦλος, Pl.Lg. 757a, 814e, Arist.Po. 1448a2;

ἀκροαταὶ-ότεροι Isoc.12.271

; σ. αὐλητής, opp. ἄνθρωπος μοχθηρός, Antisth. ap. Plu.Per.1;

κιθαριστής Arist.EN 1098a9

;

σκυτεύς Id.EE 1219a22

;

ἀνδράποδον D.9.31

;

σ. τὴν τέχνην X.Mem.4.2.2

;

περί τι Pl.Lg. 817a

.

3 in moral sense, good, opp. πονηρός, X.HG2.3.19; opp. φαῦλος, Id.Cyr.2.2.24, Zeno Stoic.1.52;

οἱ σ. Λακεδαιμονίων X.HG3.1.9

;

σ. τὰ ἤθη Isoc.1.4

;

τῷ ἀρετὴν ἔχειν σ. λέγεται Arist.Cat. 10b8

, cf. EN 1166a13, Top. 131b2; σπουδαῖον = ἀγαθον, Id.EN 1136b8, 1137b4: generally, of all virtuous objects or qualities, Id.Metaph. 1021b24, 1051b24, EN 1151a27, al.

II of things, worth serious attention, weighty, χρῆμα, πρῆγμα, Thgn.65,70, 116, etc.; τὰ -έστερα ([etym.] - έστατα)

τῶν πρηγμάτων Hdt.1.8

, 133 (v.l. -ότερα, -ότατα), cf. Iisoc.2.50;

ταῦθ' ὑμῖν σπουδαιότατ' ἐστίν D.24.4

; opp. γελοῖος, Ar.Ra. 392 (lyr.); τί γελᾷς ἐπὶ σπουδαίοις πράγμασιν; Pl.Euthd. 300e.

2 good of its kind, excellent,

σ. νομαί Hdt.4.23

; ἡ σπουδαιοτάτη [τῶν ταριχεύσεων] the most elaborate, costliest, Id.2.86, cf. PSI4.413.26 (iii B.C.); ἡ ἰσηγορίη χρῆμα ς. Hdt.5.78; λόγος ς. Pi.P.4.132;

μουσική Pl.Lg. 668b

;

τιμαί Id.R. 519d

;

σπέρματα X.Mem.4.4.23

; δῶρον οὐ σ. εἰς ὄψιν not goodly to look on, S. OC 577; τραγῳδία ς. Arist.Po. 1449b17;

σ. ὑπόδημα Id.EE 1219a22

:— a play on senses 11.1 and 11.2 in Arist.EN 1176b25, 1177a3; ironically, σ. χρῆμα a fine thing, h.Merc. 332.

III Adv. σπουδαίως with haste or zeal, seriously, earnestly, well, X.Cyr.1.3.9, Pl.Cra. 406b, etc.: [comp] Comp.

- ότερον X.Cyr.2.3.20

;

- οτέρως Plu.Nob.15

: [comp] Sup. τὰ -ότατα most carefully, in the best way, Hdt.2.86.—Besides the regul. [comp] Comp. and [comp] Sup., we find in [dialect] Ion. the forms -έστερος, -έστατος, Hdt. 1.8, 133, Hecat. ap. Eust.1441.15, Eus.Mynd.4.

χείρων, ὁ, ἡ, neut. χεῖρον, gen. -ονος, acc. - ονα: nom. and acc. pl. χείρονες, -ας, χείρονα, [var] contr. in [dialect] Att. Prose χείρους, χείρω; dat. χείροσι, poet.

A

χειρόνεσσι Pi.N.8.22

:—(for [dialect] Ep. form [full] χερείων, poet. [full] χειρότερος, [full] χερειότερος, v. sub vocc.):—irreg. [comp] Comp. of κακός: ( χείρων from Χερ-ψων, cf. χερείων):

I of persons, mcaner, inferior, either in bodily strength and bravery, or in rank, opp. ἀρείων, Il.10.238, Od.20.133;

σὺ μὲν ἐσθλὸς ἐγὼ δὲ σέθεν πολὺ χείρων Il.20.434

;

τοῦ γένετ' ἐκ πατρὸς πολὺ χείρονος υἱὸς ἀμείνων 15.641

, cf. Od.20.82;

ἦ πολὺ χείρονες ἄνδρες ἀμύμονος ἀνδρὸς ἄκοιτιν μνῶνται 21.325

; opp. κρείσσων, Pi.I.4(3).34(52);

τὸν ὄλβιον τόν τε χ. E.Ba. 422

(lyr.);

τὰ χείρονα S.Fr. 192

, E.Supp. 196.

2 later in moral sense, worse than others, sts. almost like a positive, knave, opp. ἀγαθός, S.Ph. 456, cf. Th.3.9, Lys.16.3;

οἱ πένητες καὶ οἱ δημόται καὶ οἱ χ. X.Ath.1.4

, cf. 3.10; οἱ χ., opp. οἱ ἀγαθοί, Pl.R. 460c, etc.

b χ. βίος, opp. ἀμείνων, ib. 618d;

γνώμη X.Cyr.8.8.7

.

3 worse in quality, inferior, of horses, Il.23.572: inferior, less skilful,

ἰητροί Hp.Acut.6

; ζωγράφοι, δημιουργοί, etc., Pl.Cra. 429a, R. 421e, etc.: χ. εἰς σοφίαν, εἰς τὴν ἀρετήν, Id.Tht. 162c, R. 335b;

πρὸς ἀλήθειαν Luc. JTr.48

; c. acc.,

χ. τὰ πολεμικά X.Cyr.8.8.20

; χ. τὴν ψυχήν, τὴν διάνοιαν, Aeschin.3.46. Isoc.11.43;

τὰ ἄλλα μηδὲν χ. Id.4.105

; c. inf.,

χ. ἡμῶν ταῦτα ποιεῖν X.Cyr.2.1.16

; οὐδὲν χείρους ἔσεσθε.. ἀκηκοότες you will be none the worse for having heard.., D.24.139; less kind,

μὴ χ. περὶ ἡμᾶς αὐτοὺς εἶναι.. τῶν ὑπαρχόντων Id.2.2

.

II of things, inferior in quality,

ἄεθλον Il.23.413

;

ὑποδήματα X.Oec. 13.10

;

ὄνομα Pl.Cra. 429b

.

2 worse, harder, more severe,

νόσος E.Andr. 220

;

μοῖρα Pl.Phdr. 248e

;

τιμωρία Ep.Hebr.10.29

.

III neut.,

1 as a Subst.,

τὸ χ.

inferiority,

Polem.Call.27

; but mostly in phrases with Preps., ἐπὶ τὸ χ. τρέπεσθαι, κλῖναι, fall off, get worse, X.Cyr.8.8.2, Mem.3.5.13;

ἐπὶ τὸ χ. μεταβάλλει ἑαυτόν Pl.R. 381b

; ἀλλοιοῦσθαι ἐπὶ τὸ χ., opp. ἐπὶ τὸ βέλτιον, Thphr.CP6.3.3; also πάντα ὑποπτεύοντες ἐπὶ τὸ χ. putting the worst construction on.. D.H.6.85;

λαμβάνειν τι ἐπὶ τὸ χ. J.AJ16.7.4

; also

πρὸς τὸ χ. μεταβάλλειν D.S.20.57

;

κατὰ τὸ χ. Pl.Lg. 720e

; in the lower sense, opp. κατὰ τὸ κρεῖττον, Dam.Pr.7: less freq. in pl.,

ἐπὶ τὰ χείρω ἰέναι X. Mem.3.9.9

;

τὰ χ. προαιρεῖσθαι Isoc.8.110

.

2 as a predicate, ἀλλὰ σοὶ αὐτῷ χ. (sc. ἐστί or ἔσται) Od.15.515, cf. X.An.7.6.4; with a neg., οὐ χ. [ἐστι] c. inf., we may as well, Pl.Phd. 105a, Arist. EN 1127a14; simply οὐ χεῖρον, in an answer, it is as well, Ar.Eq. 37;

λάβ', ὦγάθ'· οὐδὲν χ. Clearch.Com.4

.

3 as Adv., worse,

χ. βουλεύσασθαι Th.3.46

, cf. 6.89;

χ. πρᾶξαι Id.7.67

; βιῶναι, ζῆν, Pl. R. 344e, 519d.

b in inferior degree, less,

ἀγαπᾶν Id.Lg. 928a

;

φυλακὰς χ. φυλαττομένας X.HG6.2.17

, etc.

B [comp] Sup. [full] χείριστος, η, ον, worst, Pl.Plt. 303a, etc.; ὁ χ., opp. ὁ βέλτιστος, Lys.1.2; esp.

οἱ χ.

men of lowest degrce,

X.Mem.1.2.32

. Adv.

χείριστα Arist.PA 687a24

, Metaph. 1083b2 (dub. 1.); also

- τως LXX 2 Ma.7.39

.

ἀνάβᾰσις, poet. [full] ἄμβασις, εως, ἡ, ([etym.] ἀναβαίνω)

A going up, mounting, esp. on horseback, X.Eq.3.11; way of mounting, ib.7.4.

b concrete, πᾶσα ἄμβασις, = πάντες ἀναβάται, all the horsemen, S.OC 1070.

c ascension,

εἰς τὸν ἕβδομον οὐρανόν Ascens.Is.10.21

.

d ascent of soul to God, Hierocl. in CA 26p.481M.

2 expedition up from the coast, esp. into Central Asia, as that of the younger Cyrus related by X.

3 rising of ariver, Heph.Astr.1.23; esp. inundation of the Nile, D.S.1.34, Placit.4.1, POxy. 483; δικαία ἀ. normal rise, OGI 666(i A. D.): pl., Str.16.1.24, Plu.2.368b.

4 Medic., increasing period of a disease, before the crisis ([etym.] ἀκμή), Gal.9.556, al.

5 leaves of tree, LXX Ez.47.12.

II way up, ascent of a tower, mountain, etc., Hdt.1.181,7.223, Men.Sam.20, etc.;

ἡ ἀ. τῶν Ἐπιπολῶν Th.7.42

; ἀναβῆναι ἐκείνην τὴν ἀ. to make that ascent, Pl.R. 519d, cf. 515e.

2 stairs, LXX 1 Ch.26.16, al.

III metaph., progress, Artem.4.28; of numbers, progression, Id.2.70.

IV = ἵππουρις; cf. ἀναβάσιον.

ἐξαιρ-έω, [tense] fut. -ησω, later

A

ἐξελῶ D.H.7.56

, etc.: [tense] aor. 2 ἐξεῖλον, [dialect] Ep.and Lyr.

ἔξελον Il.16.56

, Pi.O.1.26; inf. ἐξελεῖν:—[voice] Med., [tense] fut.

ἐξαιρήσομαι A.Supp. 924

; later

ἐξελοῦμαι Alciphr. 1.9

: [tense] aor. 2 ἐξειλόμην, rarely 1

ἐξῃρησάμην Ar.Th. 761

(perh. interpol.):—[voice] Pass., [tense] pf. -ῄρημαι, [dialect] Ion.

- αραίρημαι Hdt.

:—take out,

ἔνθεν.. ἔξελε πέπλους Il.24.229

; ἐπείνιν καθαροῦ λέβητος ἔξελε Κλωθώ Pi.l.c.;

τὸ δέλτα τοῦ ὀνόματος Pl.Cra. 413e

; simply, take out, τὴν κοιλίην, τὴν νηδύν, Hdt.2.40 (tm.), 87;

πρὶν ἀνταράξας πῖαρ ἐξεῖλεν γάλα Sol.36.21

:—[voice] Pass.,

εἰ τὸ ἔαρ ἐκ τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ ἐξαραιρημένον εἴη Hdt.7.162

, cf. Pericl. ap. Arist.Rh. 1365a33.

2 [voice] Med., take out for oneself, φαρέτρης ἐξείλετο πικρὸν ὀϊστόν from his quiver, Il.8.323; ἐξελέσθαι τὰ μεγάλα ἱστία their large sails, X.HG1.1.13; ἐ. τὰ φορτία discharge their cargoes, Hdt.4.196;

τὰ ἀγώγιμα X.An.5.1.16

;

τὸν σῖτον ἐς [τὴν στοὰν] ἐξαιρεῖσθαι Th.8.90

: abs., Syngr. ap. D.35.13, etc.:—[voice] Pass., to be discharged, of a cargo, Hdt.3.6, D.34.8.

II take from a common stock, reserve,

κούρην, ἣν ἄρα μοι γέρας ἔξελον υἷες Ἀχαιῶν Il.16.56

;

Ἀλκινόῳ δ' αὐτὴν γέρας ἔξελον Od.7.10

, cf. Il.11.627;

βασιλέϊ τεμένεα ἐξελὼν καὶ ἱερωσύνας Hdt.4.161

;

Νίσῳ ἐ. χθόνα S.Fr.24.5

;

θεοῖσιν ἀκροθίνια E.Rh. 470

;

κλήρους τοῖς θεοῖς Th.3.50

:—[voice] Med., choose for oneself, carry off as booty,

τὴν ἐκ Αυρνησσοῦ ἐξείλετο Il.2.690

, cf.9.130; choose,

μενοεικέα Od.14.232

;

μίαν ἕκαστος σιτοποιὸν ἐ. Hdt.3.150

, cf. X.An.2.5.20;

ταύτας ἐξείλεθ' αὑτῷ κτῆμα S.Tr. 245

; δῶρον.. πόλεος ἐξελέσθαι to have accepted as a gift, Id.OC 541 (lyr.):—[voice] Pass., to be given as a special honour, τινί to one, Th.3.114; ἐξαραιρημένος Ποσειδέωνι dedicated to him, Hdt.1.148;

γέρεα.. σφι ἦν τάδε ἐξαραιρημένα Id.2.168

; ἐ. αὐτοῖς set apart for them, Pl.Criti. 117c;

τὰ τεμένη τὰ ἐξῃρημένα IG12.45.10

; of funds, to be set apart, ear-marked, SIG577.64 (Milet., iii/ii B. C.); but τοῦ ἀργυρίου τοῦ ἐκ τοῦ λιθοτομείου ἐξαιρουμένου moneys received from.., IG22.47.

2 take out of a number, except,

μητέρας ἐξελόντες Hdt.3.150

;

Σιμμίαν ἐξαιρῶ λόγου Pl.Phdr. 242b

, cf. X.Mem.1.4.15.

III remove people from their country, Hdt.2.30;

τοὺς ἐν τῇ λίμνῃ κατοικημένους Id.5.16

; στρουθούς (sc. ἐκ τοῦ νηοῦ) Id.1.159: generally, remove,

τὸν λίθον Id.2.125

;

ἐκ τοῦ λυχνούχου τὸν λύχνον Alex.102

;

πατρὸς φόβον E.Ph. 991

, cf. Isoc.2.23; ὀδυρμούς, ἄγνοιαν, ἔρωτα, Pl.R. 387d, Lg. 771e, Smp. 186d;

ἀλλήλων τὴν ἀπιστίαν X.An.2.5.4

:—[voice] Med.,

νεῖκος E.Med. 904

; ὑμῶν ἐ. τὴν διαβολὴν.. ταύτην remove this prejudice from your minds, Pl.Ap. 19a, cf. 24a.

2 get rid of,

[ὗν] ἐκ τῆς χώρας Hdt.1.36

;

θῆρας χθονός E.Hipp.18

; make away with, παῖδας, θῆρα, Id.HF39, 154;

Ἀθηναίους X.HG2.2.19

.

b destroy,

πόλιν Hdt.1.103

, al., cf. Th.3.113, 4.69, D.18.30;

χωρία Id.23.115

;

οἰκίδιον Men.Pk. 199

, cf. 278;

φρούριον D.H.8.86

.

c annul, bring to naught,

θέσφατα S.OT 908

(lyr.), cf. D.23.36.

3 [voice] Med., ψυχήν, θυμόν, φρένας ἐξελέσθαι, either c. acc. pers., bereave a person of life, etc., as

μιν ἐξείλετο θυμόν Il.15.460

, 17.678 (so in Trag., E.Alc. 69, IA 972): or c. gen. pers., as

μευ φρένας ἐξέλετο Ζεύς Il.19.137

, cf. Hes.Sc.89;

σεῦ ψυχὴν χαλκῷ Il.24.754

;

μου τέρψιν ἐξείλου βίου E.Alc. 347

, etc.: rarely, c. dat. pers.,

Γλαύκῳ φρένας ἐξέλετο Ζεύς Il.6.234

; [

οἰωνοῖς] τέκνα Od.16.218

: in tmesi,

ἐκ δέος εἵλετο γυίων 6.140

;

ἐκ θυμὸν ἕλοιο 20.62

, cf.Il.11.381:—[voice] Med., take away from one,

τὰ φίλτατα S.El. 1208

:—[voice] Pass., ἐξαιρεθέντες τὸν Δημοκήδεα having had him taken out of their hands, Hdt.3.137;

τὸ ἐπιθυμοῦν τοῦ πλοῦ οὐκ ἐξῃρέθησαν Th.6.24

, cf. Pl.Grg. 519d, etc.

4 [voice] Pass., to be removed from, i.e. transcend,

τοῦ τῶν ὄντων πλήθους Procl. in Prm.p.546

S.; ἑνάδες ἐξῃρημέναι transcendent, ib.p.547 S., cf. Dam.Pr.7; τὸ μᾶλλον -μένον μᾶλλον καὶ χωρεῖ διὰ τῶν ἄλλων ib. 325. Adv. ἐξῃρημένως transcendently, ib. 270; ultimately, opp. προσεχῶς, Phlp.in de An.270.14.

IV [voice] Med., set free, deliver,

τινά A.Supp. 924

, Ar. Pax 316; ἐκ τῶν κινδύνων τινά Decr. ap. D.18.90;

ἐκ τῆς ἀνάγκης PPetr.3p.74

;

ἐκ τῶν θλίψεων Act.Ap.7.10

; ἐξαιρεῖσθαι εἰς ἐλευθερίαν claim as a freeman, Lys.23.9, D.8.42, 10.14.

2 bring to an end, accomplish, πᾶν γὰρ ἐξαιρεῖ

λόγος E.Ph. 516

.—Freq. confounded with ἐξαίρω.

αἴρω fut. ἀρῶ; 1 aor. ᾖρα (ἦρα v.l.; TestAbr; GrBar); pf. ἦρκα Col 2:14. Pass.: 1 fut. ἀρθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἤρθην; pf. ἦρμαι J 20:1; Hs 9, 5, 4 (Hom.+; he, like some later wr., has ἀείρω).

① to raise to a higher place or position, lift up, take up, pick up

ⓐ lit., of stones (Dio Chrys. 12 [13], 2) J 8:59 (cp. Jos., Vi. 303); Rv 18:21; Hs 9, 4, 7. Fish Mt 17:27; coffin 1 Cl 25:3; hand (X., An. 7, 3, 6) Rv 10:5 (Dt 32:40). Hands, in prayer 1 Cl 29:1 (Ael. Aristid. 24, 50 K.=44 p. 840 D.; 54 p. 691; PUps 8 p. 30 no. 14 [pre-Christian] Θεογένης αἴρει τὰς χεῖρας τῷ Ἡλίῳ; Sb 1323 [II A.D.] θεῷ ὑψίστῳ καὶ πάντων ἐπόπτῃ καὶ Ἡλίῳ καὶ Νεμέσεσι αἴρει Ἀρσεινόη ἄωρος τὰς χεῖρας). But αἴ. τὴν χεῖρα ἀπό τινος withdraw one’s hand fr. someone= renounce or withdraw fr. someone B 19:5; D 4:9. Of snakes pick up Mk 16:18. κλίνην Mt 9:6. κλινίδιον Lk 5:24. κράβαττον Mk 2:9, 11f; J 5:8–12. Of a boat that is pulled on board Ac 27:17. Of a spirit that carries a person away Hv 2, 1, 1 (cp. TestAbr B 10 p. 115, 11 [Stone p. 78] of angels). Take up a corpse to carry it away AcPt Ox 849 verso, 8 (cp. TestAbr A 20 p.103, 20 [Stone p. 54]). αἴ. σύσσημον raise a standard ISm 1:2 (Is 5:26); αἴ. τινὰ τῶν ἀγκώνων take someone by one’s arms Hv 1, 4, 3. For Ac 27:13 s. 6 below.—Pass. 2 Cl 7:4. ἄρθητι (of mountains) arise Mt 21:21; Mk 11:23. ἤρθη νεκρός Ac 20:9.

ⓑ fig. αἴ. τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς ἄνω look upward (in prayer, as Ps 122:1; Is 51:6 al.) J 11:41. For 10:24 s. 5 below. αἴ. φωνήν raise one’s voice, cry out loudly (1 Km 11:4; 30:4; 2 Km 3:32 al.) Lk 17:13. πρός τινα Ac 4:24.

② to lift up and move from one place to another

ⓐ take/carry (along) lit. w. obj. acc. σταυρόν Mt 16:24; 27:32; Mk 8:34; 15:21; Lk 9:23. ζυγόν (La 3:27) Mt 11:29. τινὰ ἐπὶ χειρῶν 4:6; Lk 4:11 (both Ps 90:12). Pass. Mk 2:3. αἴ. τι εἰς ὁδόν take someth. along for the journey 6:8; Lk 9:3, cp. 22:36. Of a gambler’s winnings Mk 15:24.—Fig. δόξαν ἐφʼ ἑαυτὸν αἴ. claim honor for oneself B 19:3.

ⓑ carry away, remove lit. ταῦτα ἐντεῦθεν J 2:16 (ins [218 B.C.]: ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ 7, ’34, p. 179, 15 ταῦτα αἰρέσθω; Just., D. 56, 3 σκευῶν ἀρθέντων). Crucified body of Jesus 19:38; cp. vs. 31; 20:2, 13, 15; of John the Baptist Mt 14:12; Mk 6:29. A stone from a grave-opening J 11:39, 41; pass. 20:1. οἱ αἴροντες οὐκ ἀνέφερον those who took something (a mouthful) brought nothing (to their mouth) GJs 18:2 (not pap). τὸ περισσεῦον the remainder Mt 14:20; 15:37; cp. Lk 9:17. περισσεύματα Mk 8:8. κλάσματα fragments 6:43; baskets 8:19f. ζώνην take off Ac 21:11; take: τὸ σόν what belongs to you Mt 20:14; τὰ ἀρκοῦντα what was sufficient for him Hs 5, 2, 9. αἴ. τι ἐκ τῆς οἰκίας get someth. fr. the house Mk 13:15; cp. vs.16 and Mt 24:17; cp. 24:18; Lk 17:31; take (a body) from a tomb J 20:2, 13, 15; take τινὰ ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου 17:15.

③ to take away, remove, or seize control without suggestion of lifting up, take away, remove. By force, even by killing: abs. ἆρον, ἆρον away, away (with him)! J 19:15 (cp. POxy 119, 10 [Dssm., LO 168; LAE 188 n. 22]; Philo, In Flacc. 144; ἆρον twice also La 2:19 v.l., in different sense). W. obj. αἶρε τοῦτον Lk 23:18; cp. Ac 21:36; 22:22. ἆραι τόν μάγον AcPl Ha 4, 35f; αἶρε τοὺς ἀθέους (s. ἄθεος 2a) MPol 3:2; 9:2 (twice); sweep away Mt 24:39; ὡς μελλούσης τῆς πόλεως αἴρεσθαι as though the city were about to be destroyed AcPl Ha 5, 17; cp. κόσμος ἔρεται (=αἴρεται) ἐμ πυρί 2, 26f. W. the connot. of force or injustice or both (Epict. 1, 18, 13; PTebt 278, 27; 35; 38 [I A.D.]; SSol 5:7): τὸ ἱμάτιον Lk 6:29; cp. vs. 30; D 1:4. τὴν πανοπλίαν all his weapons Lk 11:22; τάλαντον Mt 25:28; cp. Lk 19:24. Fig. τὴν κλεῖδα τῆς γνώσεως 11:52. Pass.: Mt 13:12; Mk 4:25; Lk 8:18; 19:26. Conquer, take over (Diod S 11, 65, 3 πόλιν) τόπον, ἔθνος J 11:48. For Lk 19:21f s. 4 below. αἴ. τὴν ψυχὴν ἀπό τινος J 10:18 (cp. EFascher, Deutsche Theol. ’41, 37–66).—Pass. ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς Ac 8:33b (Is 53:8; Just., D. 110, 6). ἀφʼ ὑμῶν ἡ βασιλεία Mt 21:43.—Of Satan τὸν λόγον τὸν ἐσπαρμένον εἰς αὐτούς Mk 4:15; cp. Lk 8:12. τὴν χαρὰν ὑμῶν οὐδεὶς αἴρει ἀφʼ ὑμῶν no one will deprive you of your joy J 16:22. ἐξ ὑμῶν πᾶσαν ὑπόκρισιν rid ourselves of all pretension B 21:4; ἀπὸ τῆς καρδίας τὰς διψυχίας αἴ. put away doubt fr. their heart Hv 2, 2, 4. αἴ. ἀφʼ ἑαυτοῦ put away fr. oneself Hm 9:1; 10, 1, 1; 10, 2, 5; 12, 1, 1. αἴ. ἐκ (τοῦ) μέσου remove, expel (fr. among) (Epict. 3, 3, 15; Plut., Mor. 519d; BGU 388 II, 23 ἆρον ταῦτα ἐκ τοῦ μέσου; PHib 73, 14; Is 57:2) 1 Cor 5:2 (v.l. ἐξαρθῇ); a bond, note, certificate of indebtedness αἴ. ἐκ τοῦ μέσου destroy Col 2:14. Of branches cut off J 15:2. Prob. not intrans., since other exx. are lacking, but w. ‘something’ supplied αἴρει τὸ πλήρωμα ἀπὸ τοῦ ἱματίου the patch takes someth. away fr. the garment Mt 9:16; cp. Mk 2:21. Remove, take away, blot out (Eur., El. 942 κακά; Hippocr., Epid. 5, 49, p. 236 pain; cp. Job 6:2; IG II, 467, 81 ζημίας; Epict. 1, 7, 5 τὰ ψευδῆ; SIG 578, 42 τ. νόμον; Pr 1:12; EpArist 215; Just., D. 117, 3) τὴν ἁμαρτίαν τ. κόσμου J 1:29, 36 v.l.; 1 J 3:5 (Is 53:12 Aq., s. PKatz, VetusT 8, ’58, 272; cp. 1 Km 15:25; 25:28). Pass. Ac 8:33a (Is 53:8); Eph 4:31. Fig. take, in order to make someth. out of the obj. 1 Cor 6:15.

④ to make a withdrawal in a commercial sense, withdraw, take, ext. of 2 αἴρεις ὸ̔ οὐκ ἔθηκας Lk 19:21f (banking t.t.: JBernays, Ges. Abh. I 1885, 272f; JSmith, JTS 29, 1928, 158).

⑤ to keep in a state of uncertainty about an outcome, keep someone in suspense, fig. ext. of 1 αἴ. τὴν ψυχήν τινος J 10:24 (Nicetas, De Manuele Comm. 3, 5 [MPG CXXXIX 460a]: ἕως τίνος αἴρεις, Σαρακηνέ, τὰς ψυχὰς ἡμῶν; The expr. αἴ. τὴν ψυχήν w. different mng. Ps 24:1; 85:4; 142:8; Jos., Ant. 3, 48).

⑥ to raise a ship’s anchor for departure, weigh anchor, depart, ext. of 1, abs. (cp. Thu. et al.; Philo, Mos. 1, 85; Jos., Ant. 7, 97; 9, 229; 13, 86 ἄρας ἀπὸ τῆς Κρήτης κατέπλευσεν εἰς Κιλίκιαν) Ac 27:13.—Rydbeck 155f; B. 669f. DELG s.v. 1 ἀείρω. M-M. TW.