213e

εἶἑν (for the aspiration, found in cod. Rav. of Ar., etc., cf. A.D. Synt.319.26, An.Bachm.1.208), Particle used in dialogue and oratory, in passing to the next point,

A well, quite so, very good, Ar.Nu. 1075, Pl.Ap. 19a, etc.; "

εἶἑν ἐρῶ καὶ κατανεύσομαι καὶ ἀνανεύσομαι Id.R. 35o

e: folld. by a question, Ar.Nu. 176, etc.; εἶἑν· τί δῆτα .. ; S.Ph. 1308;

εἶἑν· καὶ δὴ τεθνᾶσι E.Med. 386

: folld. by imper., S.El. 534; in argument, so far so good: εἶἑν, ἐρεῖ δέ .. Antipho 4.2.3; εἶἑν, τοῦτο μὲν ἡμῖν κείσθω· ἔφαμεν δέ .. Pl.R. 350d; εἶἑν, ἀλλὰ νὴ Δία .. D.20.75, cf. D. Chr.17.19, etc.;

εἶἑν δή Pl.Smp. 213e

. [At the beginning of a trimeter, εἶἑν, ἀκούω, A.Ch. 657, Ar. Pax 663: extra versum in E. l.c.]

νήφω, [dialect] Dor. [full] νάφω (v. infr. II), used by early writers only in [tense] pres., mostly in part.: later [tense] impf.

A

ἔνηφον Chor.

in Rev.Phil.1877.67: [tense] aor. ἔνηψα IEp.Pet.4.7, Orac. ap. Ael.Fr. 103, J.AJ11.3.3, Procl. in Prm. p.741 S., ([etym.] ἐξ-) Aret.SD1.5, ([etym.] ἀν-) Nic.Dam.4 J.:—to be sober, drink no wine,

οὔτε τι γὰρ ν. οὔτε λίην μεθύω Thgn.478

;

νήφειν Archil.4

, Pl. Smp. 213e, al.: part. νήφων as Adj., = νηφάλιος, Hdt.1.133, Ar.Lys. 1228;

ὑμῖν ἀντέκυρσα.. νήφων ἀοίνοις S.OC 100

;

ὑπ' ἐχθροῦ νήφοντος ὑβριζόμην D.21.74

; τὸ τοὺς μεθύοντας... πλείω ζημίαν ἀποτίνειν τῶν ν. Lex Pittaciap. Arist.Pol. 1274b20;

μεθύοντα.. παρὰ νηφόντων λόγους παραβάλλειν Pl.Smp. 214c

; ν. θεός, i.e. water, Id.Lg. 773d: prov.,

τὸ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ τοῦ νήφοντος ἐπὶ τῆς γλώττης τοῦ μεθύοντος Plu.2.503f

;

[Ἀναξαγόρας] οἷον ν. ἑφάνη παρ' εἰκῇ λέγοντας Arist. Metaph. 984b17

;

νήφων μεθύοντα ὑπὸ τῆς Ἀφροδίτης θεᾶται X.Smp.8.21

;

τὸ νῆφον ὑπὸ τοῦ πάθους βυθίζεται Alciphr.1.13

.

II metaph., to be self-controlled, Pl.Lg. 918d; to be sober and wary,

νᾶφε καὶ μέμνασ' ἀπιστεῖν Epich.[250]

;

γρηγορῶμεν καὶ νήφωμεν 1 Ep.Thess.5.6

; νήψατε εἰς προσευχάς 1 Ep.Pet.l.c.;

νήφων καὶ πεφροντικώς Plu. 2.800b

;

ν. καὶ φροντιστής Gal.17(1).991

;

προμηθής τε καὶ ν. Hdn.2.15.1

; καρδίῃ νήφοντος Poet. ap. Longin.34.4;

ν. λογισμός Epicur.Ep. 3p.64U.

2 ν. ἐκ κακοῦ recover oneself from.., Ach.Tat.1.13; ἐγερθέντων καὶ νηψάντων ἀπὸ τῆς πτώσεως Procl.l.c.

νῑκάω, [dialect] Ion. [full] νικέω Democr.249, Herod.1.51, also GDI1413.16 (Aetol.), SIG265.4 (Delph., iv B.C.), v.l. in Apoc.2.7; [dialect] Aeol. [full] νίκημι Theoc.7.40, AP7.743 (Antip.); also in [tense] impf. νίκη cj. in Pi.N.5.5, cf. Theoc.6.46: [dialect] Ep. [tense] impf. [ per.] 1pl.

A

νικάσκομεν Od.11.512

: [tense] fut. -ήσω, later

- ήσομαι Hierocl.Facet.205

; [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 2sg. νικαξῇ v.l. in Theoc.21.32: [tense] pf. νενίκηκα, etc.: ([etym.] νίκη):

I abs., conquer, prevail in battle, in the games, or in any contest, Il.3.439, etc.; ὁ νικήσας the conqueror, ib. 138, X.Smp.5.9, etc.; ὁ νικηθείς the conquered, Il.23.656, 663; ἐνίκησα καὶ δεύτερος καὶ τέταρτος ἐγενόμην I won the first prize [at Olympia], etc., Th.6.16, cf. Isoc.16.33: [tense] pres.freq. in sense, to be (or be proclaimed) conqueror, Pi.O.9.112, 13.30, cf. X.Cyr.8.2.27, An.2.1.1; νικᾶν πᾶσι τοῖς κριταῖς or ἑνὶ κριτῇ in their opinion, Ar.Av. 445, 447; πολὺ ν. win a decisive victory, Th.7.34, etc.;

τὰ πάντα ν. X.An.

l.c.: freq. c. dat. modi, πυγμῇ in boxing, Il.23.669;

ναυμαχίῃ Hdt.7.10

.β';

ἵππῳ Id.6.122

;

μάχῃ E.Ph. 1143

, etc.;

ἵππῳ ἢ συνωρίδι ἢ ζεύγει Pl.Ap. 36d

;

λαμπάδι And.4.42

, etc.: c. acc. cogn. in same sense, πάντα ἐνίκα he won all the bouts, Il.4.389, 5.807; τὰ κοῦφα, τὰ μείζοναν., E.Alc. 1029, 1031;

τῶν παλαισμάτων ἓν ν. Pl.Phdr. 256b

;

ἅρμα ν. Pi.I.4(3).25

;

παγκράτιον Th.5.49

; ναυμαχίαν, μάχας, Id.7.66, Isoc.12.257, etc.: freq. ν. Ὀλύμπια to be conqueror in the Olympian games, Th.1.126;

τὠλύμπια Timocl.8.17

;

τὰ Παναθήναια Pl. Ion 530b

;

ν. Ὀλυμπιάδα Hdt.9.33

(also

ν. Ὀλυμπίασιν Pl.Ap. 36d

;

ἐν Πυθίοισι Pi.N.2.9

): c. dat. et acc.,

τὰ Πύθια τῷ τεθρίππῳ ν. D.59.33

; πολλοὺς ἀγῶνας οὐ παγκρατίῳ μόνον, κτλ., Plu.2.811d; Ὀλυμπίασι παῖδας στάδιον ν. conquer in the boys' race in the stadium at Olympia, D.58.66: c. dupl. acc., Πύθια ν. ἄνδρας Diog.Cyn. ap. D.L.6.33: also in [dialect] Att. Inscrr. c. gen.,

Λεωντὶς ἀνδρῶν ἐνίκα IG2.1291

, al.: generally c. acc. cogn., νίκην ν. win a victory, E.Supp. 1060, Pl.R. 465d, etc. (cf. infr. 11); also ν. τρίποδα win it, Simon.147.

2 prevail, be superior, μύθοισιν, ἔγχεϊ, Il.18.252;

δόλοισι Od.3.121

; κάλλει ἐνίκα (sc. κρητήρ) Il.23.742;

πᾶσαν ἀρετὴν νενικηκώς Pl.Lg. 964c

: c. part.,

εὐεργετῶν ν. X.Ages.9.7

.

3 of opinions, etc., βουλὴ κακὴ νίκησεν the evil counsel prevailed, Od. 10.46;

τὰ χερείονα νικᾷ Il.1.576

, Od.18.404;

ἐνίκα ἡ γνώμη Hdt.5.36

, cf. Th.2.12, etc.;

ἡ νικῶσα βουλή E.Med. 912

; ἐκ τῆς νικώσης [γνώμης] according to the prevailing opinion, vote of the majority, X.An.6.1.18, 6.2.12;

ταῦτ' ἐνίκα S.Ant. 274

;

νικᾷ πάσαισι ταῖς ψήφοις ὁ νόμος

is carried,

Pl.Lg. 801a

;

σὺν ψάφῳ τᾷ νικεούσᾳ SIG265.4

(Delph., iv B.C.): freq. of orators,

νικᾷ.. ὁ κακὸς ἐν πλήθει λέγων E.Or. 944

;

ν. γνώμῃσι Hdt.3.82

(so γνώμῃ, v.l. γνώμην, Id.1.61, cf.Ar.V. 594): freq. impers., ἐνίκα (sc. ἡ γνώμη) it was resolved, c. inf., ἐνίκα μὴ ἐκλιπεῖν τὴν πόλιν it was carried not.., Hdt.6.101;

τέλος γε μέντοι δεῦρ' ἐνίκησεν μολεῖν S.Ant. 233

, etc.; ἐνίκησε.. λοιμὸν εἰρῆσθαι it was the prevailing opinion that.., Th.2.54; ἐν δημοκρατίᾳ νικᾷ ζῆν it is preferable.., Pl.Plt. 303b.

4 c. inf., succeed in..,

ἐνίκησε σκορπίσαι Psalm.Solom.4.13

.

5 as law-term, ν. τὴν δίκην win one's cause, E.El. 955, cf. Ar.V. 581; simply

νικᾶν GDI5011.11

([place name] Gortyn), Arist.Ath.42.1, Rh.Al. 1433a6, PHal.1.58 (iii B.C.), etc.;

νικήσεις ἐν τῷ κρίνεσθαί σε Ep.Rom.3.4

:—[voice] Pass., c. gen.,

αἴ κα νικαθῇ τῶν ἐνεχύρων Schwyzer 177.9

(Crete, v B.C.); v. infr. 11.

II c. acc., conquer, vanquish,

Ἕκτορα Il.7.192

, etc.: freq. c. dat. modi,

μάχῃ ν. Ἀχαιούς 16.79

;

ἀγορῇ ν. υἷας Ἀχαιῶν 2.370

;

πόδεσσι δὲ πάντας ἐνίκα 20.410

;

κάλλει ἐνίκων φῦλα γυναικῶν 9.130

; πάντα ν. ἄνδρα.. κακοῖσιν surpass him in miseries, E.Hec. 659;

ν. τινὰ ἔν τινι Pl.Smp. 213e

, etc.; μὴ φῦναι τὸν ἅπαντα νικᾷ λόγον excels the whole account, S.OC 1224 (lyr.);

νίκα ἐν τῷ ἀγαθῷ τὸ κακόν Ep.Rom.12.21

: c. acc. cogn.,

μάχην ν. τινά Isoc. 8.58

, Aeschin.3.181, etc.:—[voice] Pass.,

ἔστιν ἃ τῶν ἄθλων δὶς ἕκαστος ἐνικήθη X.HG4.5.2

: c. part.,

ν. ἀλεξόμενός τινα Id.An.1.9.11

, etc.

b as law-term (cf. 1.5),

νίκης τήν μιν ἐγὼ νίκησα Od.11.545

:—[voice] Pass.,

ἧ δέ κα νικαθῇ Leg.Gort.1.23

, al.; also of objects in dispute, damages, etc., recover, ib.1.28, al.:—[voice] Pass., to be assigned, adjudicated, ib.1.55.

2 generally, overpower, esp. of passions, etc.,

νόον νίκησε νεοίη Il.23.604

;

μὴ φόβος σὲ νικάτω φρένας A.Eu.88

, cf. 133;

[φύσις] νικᾷ τῷ ἥσσονι τὸ μεῖζον τῆς ἐλπίδος Democr.176

; βαρεῖαν ἡδονὴν νικᾶτέ με grievous is the pleasure ye win prevailing over me, S.OC 1204: c. inf., μηδ' ἡ βία σε.. νικησάτω τοσόνδε μισεῖν let not violence prevail on thee to.., Id.Aj. 1334: with gen. of comparison, νικᾷ γὰρ ἁρετή με τῆς ἔχθρας πολύ weighs with me more than enmity, from the compar. force in νικᾷ, ib. 1357 codd.

3 [voice] Pass., to be vanquished, Hom. only in part. νικηθείς (v. supr. 1.1); νικᾶσθαι ὕπνῳ, κέρδεσιν, A.Ag. 291, 342;

ἡδονῇ S.El. 1272

;

συμφορᾷ E.Med. 1195

; also

ὑπὸ τοῦ κακοῦ Th.2.51

;

πρὸς ἱμέρου S.Fr.932.4

, etc.: sts. c. gen.,

ἱμέρου νικώμενος A.Supp. 1005

;

αὐτῆς <τε> τῆς δίκης.. αὐτοῦ τε τοῦ ἀληθοῦς νικᾶσθαι Antipho 5.87

: freq. of persons, νικᾶσθαί τινος, with gen. of comparison, to be inferior, yield to, S.Aj. 1353, E.Med. 315, Cyc. 454; ξείνων νενίκανται θύραι the doors give way to the guests, Pi.N.9.2;

ἢν τοῦτο νικηθῇς ἐμοῦ Ar.Nu. 1087

.

περιβαίνω, [tense] fut. - βήσομαι: [tense] aor. περιέβην, [dialect] Ep. περίβην (v. infr.):—

A go round, esp. of one defending a fallen comrade, bestride him,

ἀλλὰ θέων περίβη καί οἱ σάκος ἀμφεκάλυψε Il.8.331

, 13.420, cf. Plu.Nic.13;

π. τὰ πίπτοντα σώματα D.S.17.25

: c. gen.,

περιβῆναι ἀδελφειοῦ κταμένοιο Il.5.21

;

περὶ τρόπιος βεβαῶτα Od.5.130

: and c. dat.,

Πατρόκλῳ περιβάς Il.17.80

, cf. 313;

ὡς δὲ κύων.. περὶ σκυλάκεσσι βεβῶσα Od.20.14

, cf. Ar.Eq. 1039.

2 bestride, as a rider does a horse,

ἵππον Plu. Pyrrh.11

, 2.213e; ἐς ἵππον Malch.p.394 D.; οἱ περιβεβηκότες those mounted on the elephants, D.S.17.88; of the male camel, Arist.HA 540a14; περὶ τὴν ψωλὴν π. Ar.Lys. 979 (anap.).

II of sound, come round one's ears, τινι S.Ant. 1209.

III [dialect] Aeol., pass by or beyond, in [voice] Pass.,

περβέβαται χρόνος Alc.Oxy.1788

Fr.15 ii 17 (p.38 Lobel).

ποτέος, α, ον, ([etym.] πίνω)

A to be drunk,

οὐ π. οἶνος Pl.Lg. 674b

.

II ποτέον, one must drink, Id.Cri. 47b, Smp. 213e.

ψυκ-τήρ, ῆρος, ὁ,

A wine-cooler, E.Fr. 726, Pl.Smp. 213e, IG22.1638.62, al., Stratt.59 (anap.), IG7.3498.29 (Orop.), Callix.2, J.AJ11.1.3, App. Mith. 115, Ath.11.502c;

ψ. ἀργυροῦς μέγας δίωτος OGI214.56

(Branchidae, iii B. C.);

ψυκτῆρά τις προὔπινεν αὐτοῖς Men.510

, cf. Antiph.114, Alex.9.12;

ψυκτῆρες γάλακτος Philostr.Im.1.31

, cf. Poll.10.74.

II ψυκτῆρες, οἱ, cool shady places for recreation, Nic.Thyat. ap. Ath.11.503c ( ψυκτήρια Casaubon).

III ψυκτῆρες, = ταρσοί, Sch.Od.9.219.

ἐπιτρεπ-τέον,

A one must commit, permit, c. dat., X.Hier.8.9, Pl. Smp. 213e ;

τινὶ περί τινος Men.Epit.2

; τινί c.inf., Jul.Or.2.85d : also pl.,

ἐκείνοισι..οὐκ ἐπιτρεπτέα ἐστί Hdt.9.58

.

εὐχαριστέω (s. χάρις) 1 aor. εὐχαρίστησα (ηὐχ-Ro 1:21 [edd. exc. t.r.] s. W-S. §12, 5b; Mlt-H. 191f); 1 aor. pass. subj. 3 sg. εὐχαριστηθῇ; ptc. εὐχαριστηθείς (Just.)

① to show that one is under obligation, be thankful, feel obligated to thank. This mng. is common in diplomatic documents in which the recipient of a favor reciprocates with assurance of goodwill (e.g. decrees of the Byzantines in Demosth. 18, 91f, concluding: οὐκ ἐλλείψει εὐχαριστῶν καὶ ποιῶν ὅ τι ἄν δύνηται ἀγαθόν =the people of the Chersonesus ‘will never stop being grateful and doing whatever they can’ (for the people of Athens); cp. OGI 730, 11; IPriene 44, 8 et al.). In this sense ἐ. = χάριν διδόναι (in contrast to χάριν εἰδέναι, s. Phryn. p. 18 Lob.). This mng. has been suggested for Lk 18:11 (the Pharisee is interpreted as making requital in fasting and tithing vs. 12) and Ro 16:4 (in sense of indebtedness; this pass. is the only one in the NT that deals w. thankfulness toward humans [as 2 Macc. 12:31]), but both pass. fit equally well in 2.

② to express appreciation for benefits or blessings, give thanks, express thanks, render/return thanks (as ‘render thanks’ since Polyb. 16, 25, 1; Posidon. 87, Fgm. 36 [in Athen. 5, 213e]; Diod S 20, 34, 5; Plut., Mor. 505d; Epict., ins, pap, LXX, Philo; Jos., Ant. 20, 12; cp. Phryn. p. 18 Lob.). Except for Ro 16:4 (cp. 2 Macc 12:31) εὐ. is used w. God as object (Diod S 14, 29, 4; 16, 11, 1 τοῖς θεοῖς περὶ τῶν ἀγαθῶν; Epict. 1, 4, 32; 1, 10, 3; 2, 23, 5 τῷ θεῷ; Artem. 4, 2 p. 206, 4 θῦε καὶ εὐχαρίστει; Herm. Wr. 1, 29 τ. θεῷ; SIG 995, 11 τ. θεοῖς; 1173, 9f; UPZ 59, 10 [168 B.C.] τ. θεοῖς; PTebt 56, 9; BGU 423, 6 τ. κυρίῳ Σεράπιδι; PGM 13, 706 [w. δέομαι]; Jdth 8:25; 2 Macc 1:11; 10:7; 3 Macc 7:16; EpArist 177 ὑμῖν, … τῷ θεῷ; Philo, Spec. Leg. 2, 204; 3, 6 θεῷ; TestSol 7:4 and Jos., Ant. 1, 193 τ. θεῷ; TestJos 8:5 τῷ κυρίω; TestAbr A 15 p. 95, 14 [Stone p. 38]; Ar. 15, 10 al.; Just., Orig., Hippol., Did.) αὐτῷ (of Jesus, who reveals himself as God in a miracle) Lk 17:16. τῷ θεῷ (μου) Ac 28:15; Ro 7:25 v.l.; 1 Cor 14:18; Phil 1:3; Col 1:3, 12; 3:17; Phlm 4; 1 Cl 38:4; 41:1 v.l.; B 7:1; IEph 21:1; Hv 4, 1, 4. εὐχαριστῶ σοι=God Lk 18:11 (cp. 1QH 2:20 al.אוֹדְכָה אֲדוֹנָי ‘I praise you, O Lord’). Elliptically Ro 1:21, where τῷ θεῷ is to be understood fr. the preceding ὡς θεόν (though εὐ. occasionally is used w. the acc. praise someone w. thanks SIG 1172, 3 εὐχαριστεῖ Ἀσκληπιόν; Cat. Cod. Astr. VII 177, 17); 1 Th 5:18; 2 Cl 18:1.—Esp. of thanksgiving before meals, w. dat. added τῷ θεῷ Ac 27:35; Ro 14:6 (cp. Ar. 15, 10); σοι D 10:3; ᾧ B 7:1. Abs. Mt 15:36; 26:27; Mk 8:6, 7 v.l.; 14:23; Lk 22:17, 19; J 6:11, 23; 1 Cor 11:24 (cp. Just., A I, 65, 5). W. mention of the obj., for which one gives thanks τινί τι (to) someone for someth. Hs 7:5 (εὐ. τι=‘thank for someth.’, a rare usage [Hippocr., Ep. 17, 46], s. 2 Cor 1:11 below; cp. Just., A I, 65, 5 τοῦ εὐχαριστηθέντος ἄρτου). περί τινος for someone, because of someone (Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 211) 1 Th 1:2; for someth. Hs 5, 1, 1; also foll by ὅτι because (Ps.-Callisth. 2, 22, 11; Berl. pap: APF 12, ’37, 247; TestAbr A 15 p. 95, 14 [Stone p. 38]) Ro 1:8; 1 Cor 1:4f; 2 Th 1:3; 2:13. ὑπέρ τινος w. gen. of the pers. on whose behalf one thanks 2 Cor 1:11; Eph 1:16; Hs 2:6; also foll. by ὅτι because IPhld 11:1; ISm 10:1. ὑπέρ τινος w. gen. of thing for someth. (Philo, Congr. Erud. Gr. 96) 1 Cor 10:30; Eph 5:20; D 9:2f; 10:2. W. ἐπί τινι because of, for (IPergamon 224a, 14; Sb 7172, 25 [217 B.C.] εὐχαριστῶν τοῖς θεοῖς ἐπὶ τῷ συντελέσαι αὐτοὺς ἃ ἐπηγγείλαντο αὐτῷ; UPZ 59, 10f [168 B.C.]; Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 67; TestGad 7:6 v.l. ἐπὶ πᾶσι τῷ κυρίῳ; Jos., Ant. 1, 193) 1 Cor 1:4; Hs 9, 14, 3. W. (τινί and) ὅτι foll. Lk 18:11 (cp. 1QH 2:20 al.); J 11:41; 1 Cor 1:14; 1 Th 2:13; Rv 11:17; 1 Cl 38:2; IPhld 6:3; D 10:3, 4. W. acc. of content εὐχαριστεῖν ὅσα θέλουσιν do the eucharistic prayer (in as many words as) the prophets choose D 10:7. Abs. σὺ εὐχαριστεῖς you offer a prayer of thanksgiving 1 Cor 14:17; in wordplay do the Eucharist οὕτως εὐχαριστήσατε D 9:1; εὐχαριστήσατε 14:1; cp. 10:1. As a parenthetical clause εὐχαριστῶ τῷ θεῷ thanks be to God 1 Cor 14:18. Pass. (cp. Dssm., B 119 [BS 122]; Philo, Rer. Div. Her. 174 ἵνα ὑπὲρ τ. ἀγαθῶν ὁ θεὸς εὐχαριστῆται) ἵνα ἐκ πολλῶν προσώπων τὸ εἰς ἡμᾶς χάρισμα διὰ πολλῶν εὐχαριστηθῇ ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν in order that thanks may be given by many persons on our behalf for the blessing granted to us 2 Cor 1:11 (on εὐ. τι s. above).—PSchubert, Form and Function of the Pauline Thanksgivings ’39. In a few passages the word could also mean

③ pray gener. (PTebt 56, 9 [II B.C.] εὐχαριστῆσαι τοῖς θεοῖς; PLond II, 413, 3 p. 301 and II, 418, 3 p. 303 [both Christ., c. 346 A.D.]; BGU 954, 4).—1 Cl 62:2 v.l. (for εὐαριστεῖν).—FHort, Εὐχαριστία, εὐχαριστεῖν (in Philo): JTS 3, 1902, 594–98; TSchermann, Εὐχαριστία and εὐχαριστεῖν: Philol 69, 1910, 375–410; GBoobyer, ‘Thanksgiving’ and the ‘Glory of God’ in Paul, diss. Heidelb. 1929; JMRobinson, Die Hodajot-Formel in Gebet und Hymnus des Frühchristentums, in: Apophoreta (Festschr. EHaenchen) ’64, 194–235; HPatsch, ZNW 62, ’71, 210–31; RAC VI, 900–928.—B. 1166. DELG s.v. χάρις. New Docs 127–29. M-M. EDNT. TW.

νικάω (Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX; PsSol 4:10; TestJob 27:5; Test12Patr, Philo, Joseph., Just., Tat.; Ath. 3, 2) ptc. νικῶν, dat. νικῶντι or νικοῦντι (so some edd. Rv 2:17, in part also vs. 7; on this exchange of-άω and-έω forms s. B-D-F §90; W-S. §13, 26; Rob. 203; s. Mlt-H. 195); fut. νικήσω; 1 aor. ἐνίκησα; pf. νενίκηκα. Pass.: 1 fut. inf. νικηθήσεσθαι (Just., D. 78, 9); 1 aor. ἐνικήθην LXX, ptc. νικηθείς; pf. inf. νενικῆσθαι 4 Macc 13:2.

① to win in the face of obstacles, be victor, conquer, overcome, prevail, intr.

ⓐ in a battle or contest (EpArist 281); of Israel as victorious in battle 12:2 (cp. Ex 17:11); of Christ Rv 3:21b; 5:5 (the foll. inf. ἀνοῖξαι indicates what the victory enables the victor to do). ἐξῆλθεν νικῶν κ. ἵνα νικήσῃ 6:2. Of the good athlete (Lucian, Tim. 50; POxy 1759, 4 letter to an athlete) IPol 3:1. The Christian as ὁ νικῶν the one who is victorious (s. B-D-F §322; Rob. 865) Rv 2:7, 11, 17, 26; 3:5, 12, 21; 21:7 (s. Boll 49, 1). οἱ νικῶντες ἐκ τοῦ θηρίου (=τηρήσαντες ἑαυτοὺς ἐκ τ. θ.—B-D-F §212; GBonaccorsi, Primi saggi di filologia neotest. I ’33 p. clxii) 15:2.—Hs 8, 3, 6 v.l.

ⓑ in a legal action (Aristoph., Equ. 95, Av. 445; 447; Protagoras in Diog. L. 9, 56 [νικάω and νίκη]; Artem. 1, 35 p. 36, 20; 4, 31 p. 222, 17 al.; PSI 551, 7 [III B.C.] ἐνίκων τῇ κρίσει; PHal 1, 51; 58 [III B.C.]; Jos., Bell. 2, 284, Ant. 12, 126) ὅπως … και νικήσεις (v.l. νικήσῃς) ἐν τῷ κρίνεσθαί σε that you may win when you are accused Ro 3:4; 1 Cl 18:4 (both Ps 50:6.—IG XI/4, 1299, 26f [c. 200 B.C.] Sarapis and his worshipers win in a lawsuit over a new temple [Eng. tr. in Danker, Benefactor, no. 27]).

② to overcome someone, vanquish, overcome, trans.

ⓐ act. w. the obj. in the acc. τινά overcome someone (Polyb. 6, 58, 13; Diod S 4, 57, 6; Jos., Vi. 81) Lk 11:22; Rv 11:7; 13:7; 17:14. Of Christ νενίκηκα τὸν κόσμον I have overcome the world (i.e. the sum total of everything opposed to God; s. κόσμος 7b) J 16:33b (ν. τι=‘be stronger than’: IAndros Isis, Kyme 55 p. 124). Also said of Christians 1J 5:4f; cp. αὕτη ἐστιν ἡ νίκη ἡ νικήσασα τὸν κόσμον vs. 4b (s. νίκη). Also ν. τὸν πονηρόν overcome the evil one, the devil 2:13f (on this passage and J 16:33b s. JBruns, JBL 86, ’67, 451–53); cp. Rv 12:11. αὐτόν (=τὸν διάβολον) Hs 8, 3, 6. αὐτούς (=τοὺς ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου) 1J 4:4. ν. τὴν ψυχήν win a victory over the soul (i.e. the earthly-minded part of man; cp. Sextus 71a νίκα τὸ σῶμα) 2 Cl 16:2. The conquering power added in the dat.: by (means of) ἔν τινι (Pla., Symp. 213e; Himerius, Or. [Ecl.] 3, 11 ἐν δόγμασι νικῶν ἐκείνους): ἐν τῷ μὴ ποιεῖν τὰς ἐπιθυμίας αὐτῆς τὰς πονηράς by not carrying out its base desires 2 Cl 16:2. ν. ἐν τῷ ἀγαθῷ τὸ κακόν overcome evil with good Ro 12:21b (TestBenj 4:3 οὗτος τὸ ἀγαθὸν ποιῶν νικᾷ τὸ κακόν).

ⓑ pass. be conquered, beaten (Thu. 1, 76, 2 al.; Posidippus [III B.C.]: 447 Fgm. 2 Jac. νικᾶται ὁ Κύπριος τῷ σχήματι=the Cyprian is ‘conquered’ by the picture [of Aphrodite] et al.; Philo, De Jos. 200 νικώμενος ὑπὸ πάθους; Jos., Ant. 1, 302 by the force of necessity; Tat. 9, 2 ὁ νικώμενος νῦν εἰσαῦτις ἐπικρατεῖν εἴωθεν; Theoph. Ant. 2, 12 [p. 130, 30] θεὸν γὰρ οὐ χρὴ ὑφʼ ἡδονῆς νικᾶσθαι) Hm 12, 5, 2. ὁ πονηρὸς … νικηθείς AcPlCor 2:15. Let oneself be overcome μὴ νικῶ ὑπὸ τ. κακοῦ Ro 12:21a; Dg 7:7.

③ to surpass in ability, outstrip, excel, trans. w. the superior power added in the dat. (cp. Eur., Herc. Fur. 342 ἀρετῇ; Ael. Aristid. 13 p. 272 D.: ἐπιεικείᾳ; Tat. 15:4 θανάτῳ … τὸν θάνατον νενικήκασιν) τοῖς ἰδίοις βίοις νικῶσι τ. νόμους in their way of life they surpass (or outdo) the laws (i.e., they live better lives than the laws require) Dg 5:10.—DELG s.v. νίκη. M-M. TW.