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(an) address on an envelope

  • 1 (an) address on an envelope

    an address on an envelope (on a letter, on a postcard) адрес на конверте (на письме, на открытке)

    English-Russian combinatory dictionary > (an) address on an envelope

  • 2 address

    I [ə'dres] n

    What is your address? — Какой у вас адрес? /Где вы живете?

    We didn't find him at this address. — Мы не могли найти его по этому адресу.

    - return address
    - right address
    - address office
    - address book
    - address on an envelope
    - smb's address
    - at this address
    - write to smb's address
    - change one's address
    3) официальное обращение, официальная речь
    II [ə'dres]
    1) обращаться к кому-либо с речью, заговорить с кем-либо, обратиться к кому-либо

    He addressed some general remarks to the students. — Он обратился к студентам с несколькими общими замечаниями.

    - address smb in the street
    - address a meeting
    - address smb with a question
    2) называть, обращаться

    She always addressed me as "my darling". — Она всегда, обращаясь ко мне, называла меня "мой дорогой". /Она всегда называла меня "мой дорогой".

    3) адресовать, писать адрес
    •
    USAGE and CHOICE OF WORDS:
    (1.) Глагол to address в значении 1. предполагает словесное, устное обращение и употребляется в официальной речи или для того, чтобы подчеркнуть формальность, официальность обращения. Глагол to address употребляется без предлога в форме активного залога: to address the meeting (the audience, a stranger) обратиться к собранию (к публике, к незнакомцу) с речью/со словами. В форме пассивного залога глагол to address требует предлога to: the remark was addressed to my neighbor замечание относилось к моему соседу. (2.) Русское сочетание "обращаться к кому-либо" в разных ситуациях соответствует английским глаголам to appeal, to apply, to consult, to turn to smb (3.) В прямой речи форма обращения обычно ставится в конце предложения. Способы обращения различаются: (а.) к группе людей - Ladies and gentlemen (formal); everybody, everyone (informal): Hello, everybody Всем привет; (б) к группе молодых людей, детей - kids, guys, boys, girls, children (formal): Give him a chance, guys Пусть попробует, ребята; (в) в магазине к покупателям: sir, madam, ma'm. Для выражения неприязни перед существительным ставят местоимение you: You stupid ну, ты дурак; You silly girl ну, ты глупая девчонка; You fool ну, ты дурень. Для выражения доброжелательного отношения, обычно употребляются слова: dear, darling, love, honey. (4.) See appeal, v

    English-Russian combinatory dictionary > address

  • 3 envelope

    ['envələup]
    сущ.

    window envelope — конверт с прямоугольником из прозрачной бумаги (через который виден адрес, напечатанный на письме)

    - self-addressed stamped envelope
    2) обёртка, обложка; обёрточная бумага, упаковка
    Syn:

    The Earth is surrounded with an aerial envelope or atmosphere. — Земля окружена воздушной оболочкой, или атмосферой.

    4) мат. огибающая ( линия)
    5) тех. диапазон режимов для безопасной эксплуатации
    ••

    Англо-русский современный словарь > envelope

  • 4 envelope

    ['enveləʊp]
    n
    - stamped envelope
    - window envelope
    - addressed envelope
    - open envelope
    - stamped addressed envelope
    - stick down an envelope
    - slit an envelope open
    - tear an envelope open
    - address an envelope
    - seal an envelope

    English-Russian combinatory dictionary > envelope

  • 5 envelope

    n

    -  pay envelope
    - reply-paid envelope
    - return envelope
    - sealed envelope
    - stamped envelope
    - window envelope
    - address an envelope

    English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > envelope

  • 6 envelope

    ˈenvələup сущ.
    1) конверт to address an envelope ≈ отправлять конверт to seal an envelope ≈ запечатать конверт stamped envelope ≈ конверт с маркой window envelope ≈ конверт с прямоугольником из прозрачной бумаги (через который виден адрес, напечатанный на письме)
    2) обертка, обложка, оберточная бумага, упаковка Syn: wrapper
    3) оболочка The Earth is surrounded with an aerial envelope or atmosphere. ≈ Земля окружена воздушной оболочкой или атмосферой.
    4) бот. обвертка
    5) физиол. пленка
    6) мат. огибающая (линия) конверт - a stamped * конверт с маркой - * ballot (американизм) голосование запечатанными конвертами - pay * конверт с заработной платой;
    получка, заработок обертка;
    обложка - * paper оберточная или конвертная бумага оболочка - the * of air around the Earth воздушная оболочка Земли, земная атмосфера( специальное) обшивка;
    кожух( техническое) обечайка( техническое) обмуровка (математика) огибающая (линия) - * curve огибающая (кривая) (электроника) колба, баллон( физиологическое) оболочка, пленка (ботаника) обвертка (растения) business ~ конверт для документов envelope граница области ~ конверт ~ обвертка (у растений) ;
    пленка (в яйце) ~ оболочка (аэростата и т. п.) ;
    покрышка ~ обертка, обложка ~ огибающая ~ мат. огибающая (линия) lined ~ линованный конверт operating ~ вчт. рабочий диапазон outer ~ наружный конверт panel ~ конверт с окошком pay ~ конверт с заработной платой plain ~ неподписанный конверт postal giro ~ конверт с почтовым жиросчетом reply ~ конверт для ответного письма self-addressed ~ вложенный в письмо конверт с обратным адресом stamped ~ конверт с маркой test ~ вчт. система отладки window ~ конверт с прозрачным прямоугольником (через который виден адрес, напечатанный на письме)

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > envelope

  • 7 envelope

    •

    English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > envelope

  • 8 address

    1. III
    1) address smb. address a teacher (a soldier, a stranger, boys, an official, etc.) обращаться к преподавателю и т. д.
    2) address smb., smth. address an audience (a crowd, one's constituents, etc.) обращаться с речью к слушателям или зрителям и т. д., выступать с речью перед слушателями или зрителями и т. д.; the president of the university addressed the students ректор университета выступил [с речью] перед студентами; address a conference (a meeting, the congregation, etc.) выступать на конференции /на заседании/ и т. д.
    3) address smth. address a letter (an envelope, a.cheque, etc.) адресовать /направлять/ письмо и т. д.
    2. IV
    1) address smb. in some manner address smb. politely (civilly, rudely, sharply, etc.) обращаться к кому-л. вежливо и т. д.
    2) address smth. in some manner how shall I address this parcel? какой адрес мне написать на этой посылке?
    3) address smth. at some time address the audience later (the Council tonight, the membership this week, etc.) обращаться к слушателям с речью позднее и т. д.; Mr. Smith will now address the meeting сейчас выступит мистер Смит, слово предоставляется мистеру Смиту
    3. V
    address smb. smth. address the woman Aunt Molly (the man "mate", the girl "Miss", etc.) называть эту женщину "тетя Молли" и т. д.
    4. XI
    1) be addressed by smb. I was addressed by a passer-by ко мне обратился прохожий; be addressed in some manner he was politely (rudely, properly, etc.) addressed к нему вежливо и т. д. обратились; how should he be addressed: "citizen" or "comrade"? как к нему обращаться - "гражданин" или "товарищ"?; be addressed as smth. in speaking an ambassador is usually addressed as "Your Excellency" при разговоре /в устной речи/ посла обычно называют "ваше превосходительство"
    2) be addressed in some manner the letter was wrongly addressed письмо было адресовано неправильно, на письме стоял /был написан/ неправильный адрес; be addressed to smb., smth. the letter was addressed to her письмо было адресовано ей; the letter was addressed to the wrong house на письме /в адресе/ стоял неправильный /не тот/ номер дома
    5. XVIII
    1) address oneself to smth. book. address oneself to the task (to the job, to studies, etc.) приниматься /браться/ за дело или задание и т. д.; it's time we addressed ourselves to the business in hand пора заняться насущными /очередными/ делами; I addressed myself to learning Spanish я принялся /взялся, занялся/ изучением испанского [языка]
    2) address oneself to smb. address oneself to the chief (to the headmaster, etc.) обращаться к начальнику и т. д. (в устной или письменной форме); address oneself to all the people in the world взывать ко всем народам мира; you must address yourself to the proper authority вы должны обратиться.к кому следует /в соответствующую инстанцию/; address oneself to smth. book. address oneself to one's reason (to one's common sense, to one's judg(e)ment, etc.) обращаться /апеллировать, взывать/ к разуму и т. д.; to understand this you will have to address yourself to your imagination чтобы попить это, тебе придется напрячь свое воображение
    6. XXI1
    1) address smb. by smth. address him by his surname (by his Christian name, by his nickname, etc.) обращаться к нему по фамилии и т. д., I never address him by his title я никогда не называю его звания или титула, когда к нему обращаюсь; address smb. in smth. address smb. in a whisper (in a loud voice, etc.) обращаться к кому-л. шепотом и т. д.; he addressed me in English он обратился ко мне по-английски; address smb. on /about/ smth. address the authorities on the question of visa (one's friend on the subject, one's father about money, etc.) обращаться к властям по поводу визы и т. д., he addressed me on this problem он обращался ко мне по этому вопросу; address smb. with smth. address her father with a request (him with critical remarks, the woman with reproaches, etc.) обращаться к ее отцу с просьбой и т. д., he addressed the speaker with a question он обратился к докладчику с вопросом; address smth. to smb. address questions to students (words of gratitude to the members of the commission, etc.) обращаться с вопросами к студентам и т. д.; address your questions to the speaker направляйте свои вопросы /с вопросами обращайтесь к/ докладчику; please address your complaints to the manager с жалобами [обращайтесь], пожалуйста, к управляющему; don't address your reproaches to me не адресуйся ко мне со своими упреками; address criticism to one's opponents выступать с критикой в адрес своих противников
    2) address smb. on (with, in, etc.) smth. address the meeting on an interesting subject (the audience on methods of teaching, the students on questions of policy, etc.) выступать перед собравшимися на интересную тему и т. д.; he will address us on modern art он сделает нам доклад о современном искусстве; address the audience with a lengthy speech (the students with a lecture, etc.) обращаться к слушателям или зрителям с пространной речью и т. д.; he addressed the audience in an eloquent speech он обратился к слушателям с проникновенной /убедительной/ речью
    3) address smth. to smb. address a letter to a friend (a parcel to one's parents, a petition to Parliament, etc.) адресовать /направлять/ письмо другу и т. д.; address all your letters directly to me адресуйте /посылайте, направляйте/ все ваши письма непосредственно /прямо/ мне
    7. XXIV1
    address smb. as smth. address her as "Professor" (the officer as "Colonel", the old man as "sir", etc.) называть ее профессором и т. д., will I have to address her as auntie? мне придется называть /величать/ ее тетушкой?; don't address her as granny, she doesn't like it не называй ее бабушкой, ей это не нравится

    English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > address

  • 9 address

    1. сущ.
    1) общ. адрес

    legal [juridical\] address — юридический адрес

    mailing [postal\] address — почтовый адрес

    See:
    2) общ. обращение (к кому-л.)
    3) общ. обращение, речь, выступление

    In his address to the meeting, mayor spoke of the problems facing the town. — В своем обращении к собранию, мэр говорил о проблемах, с которыми столкнулся город.

    See:
    4) юр. обращение (часть искового заявления, содержащая наименование суда, в который подается иск)
    2. гл.
    1) общ. адресовать ( надписывать адрес)
    2) общ. адресовать, обращаться (к кому-л.)
    See:

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > address

  • 10 address

    1. n
    2) обращение, выступление

    - accommodation address
    - back address
    - business address
    - cable address
    - code address
    - complete address
    - correct address
    - cover address
    - e-mail address
    - exact address
    - forwarding address
    - full address
    - heading address
    - inaugural address
    - incomplete address
    - incorrect address
    - inside address
    - last known address
    - legal address
    - office address
    - postal address
    - proper address
    - return address
    - sender's address
    - telegraphic address
    - telex address
    - deliver a letter at the address
    - dispatch to the address
    2. v
    адресовать; направлять

    - address an envelope

    English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > address

  • 11 address an envelope

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > address an envelope

  • 12 address ... envelope

    /vt/ надписать адрес

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > address ... envelope

  • 13 to address a letter

    to address a letter (an envelope, a postcard) написать адрес на письме (на конверте, на открытке)

    English-Russian combinatory dictionary > to address a letter

  • 14 he flipped over the envelope and read the address

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > he flipped over the envelope and read the address

  • 15 to address an envelope

    English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > to address an envelope

  • 16 to address an envelope

    English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > to address an envelope

  • 17 to address an envelope

    English-Russian combinatory dictionary > to address an envelope

  • 18 stamp

    1. II
    stamp somewhere stamp upstairs (downstairs) подниматься (спускаться) по лестнице, тяжело и громко стуча /топая/ ногами
    2. III
    1) stamp smth. stamp one's foot (feet) топать ногой (ногами); stamp the ground топать по земле
    2) stamp smth. stamp a receipt (a document, a letter, a deed, etc.) поставить штамп /штемпель/ на квитанцию и т.д., проштамповать квитанцию и т.д., stamp an address ставить штамп с адресом; stamp weights (balances, measures of capacity, etc.) клеймить гири и т.д.; stamp coins чеканить монеты; stamp a letter (an envelope, a card, etc.) наклеивать марку (марки) на письме и т.д.
    3) stamp smb. that stamps him это сразу показывает, что он из себя представляет
    3. IV
    stamp smth. in some manner stamp one's foot angrily (violently, petulantly, viciously, impotently, etc.) гневно и т.д. топать ногой
    4. V
    stamp smb. smb. stamp him a gentleman (him an educated man, the man a villain, etc.) характеризовать его как джентльмена и т.д.
    5. VI
    1) stamp smth. as being in some state stamp smth. false определить что-л. как ложное; this alone stamps it false одно это уже говорит о том, что это подделка
    2) stamp smth. as being in some state stamp the grass (a hat, a flower, etc.) flat примять /смять, растоптать/ траву и т.д.
    3) stamp smth. as being of some quality stamp a plan top secret (an envelope personal, a letter urgent, etc.) ставить на плане штамп "совершенно секретно" и т.д.
    6. VII
    stamp smth. to do smth. stamp one's feet to keep warm топать ногами, чтобы не замерзнуть
    7. XI
    be stamped in some manner the letter is insufficiently stamped and 12 cents is due from you на письмо наклеено мало марок и вам придется доплатить двенадцать центов; be stamped with smth. this notepaper is stamped with his address на почтовой бумаге отпечатан его адрес /стоит гриф с его адресом/; goods stamped with the maker's name товары с клеймом изготовителя; а coin stamped with a crown монета, на которой выбита корона; the letter was stamped with a postmark на письме стоял почтовый штемпель; be stamped on smth. the scene (smb.'s image, smb.'s speech, etc.) was stamped on my memory (on his heart, on smb.'s mind, etc.) сцена и т.д. врезалась мне в память и т.д., your words were stamped on my heart ваши слова запали мне в душу; contentment was stamped on every face на всех лицах отражалось удовлетворение; his individuality is strongly stamped on all his work на всех его работах лежит печать его индивидуальности; be stamped into smth. it has been pretty well stamped into the minds and memories of several generations of Londoners это запало в душу и в память нескольких поколений лондонцев
    8. XII
    have smth. stamped have this document stamped поставить на документе штамп; have one's initials stamped on smth. выбить свой инициалы на чем-л.
    9. XVI
    stamp with smth. stamp with rage (with fury, with anger, etc.) гневно и т.д. топать ногами; stamp about (along, out of) smth. stamp about the room (along the passage, etc.) тяжелыми шагами ходить по комнате и т.д.; stamp out of the room выйти из комнаты, громко топая ногами; stamp on smth., smb. stamp on a cigarette (on a spider, on the ring, etc.) затоптать /растоптать/ сигарету /окурок/ и т.д. ногой
    10. XVIII
    stamp oneself on smth. memories that stamp themselves on the mind воспоминания, которые врезались в память
    11. XXI1
    1) stamp smth. on smth. stamp one's feet on the ground топать ногами по полу; stamp one's big boots on the stairs топать сапожищами по лестнице; stamp smth. with smth. stamp a cigarette (a piece of paper, etc.) with the foot растоптать сигарету и т.д. ногой; stamp smth. from smth. stamp the snow from one's boots отряхивать /сбивать/ с ботинок снег, топая ногами; stamp smth. to smth. stamp ores (rock, etc.) to powder (to dust, to fragments, etc.) измельчать руду и т.д. в порошок и т.д.: stamp smth. in smth. stamp a trail in the snow протоптать тропинку в снегу; stamp one's feet in anger в гневе топать ногами
    2) stamp smth. on smth. stamp "paid for" on a bill (the name of the manufacturer on the box, one's initials on a document, one's name on a book, one's name and address on an envelope, etc.) поставить штамп "оплачено" на счет и т.д.; stamp patterns on cloth выбивать /набивать/ рисунок на ткани; stamp smth. with smth. stamp a document with the address and date (notepaper with one's address, an article with a trade mark, a letter with a seal, the paper with one's initials, etc.) ставить на документе штамп с адресом и датой и т.д.; stamp a letter (an envelope, a card, a parcel, etc.) with a stamp (with a three halfpenny stamp, etc.) наклеить на письмо и т.д. марку и т.д.; age stamped his face with lines время избороздило его лицо морщинами; stamp a scene (an incident, this image, a warning, etc.) on smb.'s mind /on smb.'s memory/ запечатлеть эту сцену и т.д. в памяти
    12. XXIV1
    stamp smb., smth. as smb., smth. stamp him as an educated man (the man as a coward, her as a villain, him as a swindler, him as a man of high principles, the story as an invention, his words as slander, etc.) характеризовать его как образованного человека и т.д.; his ingenuity with words stamped him as a potential poet его искусство обращаться со словом говорило о его поэтических задатках
    13. XXIV2
    stamp smth. as being of some kind his behaviour stamped his words as false по его поведению сразу было видно, что он лжет

    English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > stamp

  • 19 near cash

    !
    гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.
    The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
    "
    consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
    " "
    the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
    " "
    strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
    "
    the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.
    The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
    "
    the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
    "
    the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.
    Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.
    Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)
    "
    Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
    "
    Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.
    More information about DEL and AME is set out below.
    In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.
    Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.
    Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.
    There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.
    AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.
    AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.
    AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.
    Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.
    Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.
    Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
    "
    Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
    "
    Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
    "
    Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
    "
    The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.
    The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.
    The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.
    Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.
    The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
    "
    provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
    " "
    enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
    " "
    introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
    "
    not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.
    To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.
    A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
    "
    an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
    " "
    an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
    " "
    to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
    "
    further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.
    The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.
    Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.
    The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.
    Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.
    To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.
    This document was updated on 19 December 2005.
    Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    "
    GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
    "
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.
    ————————————————————————————————————————

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash

  • 20 business letter format

    бизн. формат делового письма, формат служебного письма
    Комментарии к формату (см. рис.)
    If your stationery includes a letterhead, skip this block. Type your name and address along with other relevant contact information such as e-mail or fax number.
    If your stationery includes a letterhead, type the date from 2 to 6 lines under the letterhead. Otherwise type it under the return address.
    Use this block to identify what the letter is in regards to. Examples are: "Re: Invoice 12345" or "Re: Your letter dated January 15, 2010.".
    Always in caps. Examples include SPECIAL DELIVERY, CERTIFIED MAIL, AIRMAIL, VIA FACSIMILE.
    Notation on private correspondence if needed such as PERSONAL or CONFIDENTIAL. This goes just above the recipient.
    Type the name and address of the person and / or company. If you are using an attention line (block 7) then skip the person's name. Address the envelope similarly.
    Type the name of the person
    Type the recipient's name. Use Mr. or Ms. [Last Name] to show respect, but don't try to guess spelling or gender if you are not sure. Some common salutations are: "Dear [Full Name]:", "To Whom it May Concern:".
    Type a short description on what the letter is about. If you used a reference line, then you likely do not need a subject line.
    Type two spaces between sentences.
    Completing the Letter
    It depends on the tone and degree of formality as to what you write here. Can vary from the very formal "Respectfully yours" to the typical "Sincerely" to the friendly "Cordially yours".
    Leave four blank lines after the Complimentary Close (block 11) to sign your name. Type your name and (optional) title under that signature.
    If someone else has typed the letter for you, it is common for them to indicate so with initials. Typically it is your initials in upper case followed by the other initials in lower case. For example "BCT/gt". If you typed your own letter, skip this block.
    If you are including other things with the letter such as brochures, this line tells the reader how many to expect. Common styles include "Enclosures: 3".
    If you are distributing copies of the letter to others, indicate so using a copies block. the code "cc:" used to indicate carbon copies but now is commonly called courtesy copies.
    Don't type the brackets. The brackets [ ] in the examples are for narrative purposes only.
    Try to keep your letters to one page.
    Use letterhead only for the first page. Just use a blank sheet of paper for continuation pages.
    You have some freedom in how many blank lines to use between blocks and in the margin sizes in order to fit a letter onto a single page.
    Not all letters need every block identified in this article. If you leave one out, do not leave blank lines where the blocks would have been.

    Англо-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > business letter format

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См. также в других словарях:

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  • address — 1. noun 1) the address on the envelope Syn: inscription, superscription; directions, number 2) our officers arrived at the address Syn: house, apartment, home; formal residence, dwelling, dwelling place, habitation …   Thesaurus of popular words

  • address*/*/*/ — [əˈdres] noun [C] I 1) the exact name of the place where you live or work I ll need your name and address.[/ex] My address is 125 Carter Street.[/ex] 2) a series of letters, numbers, and symbols that you use to find a particular WEBSITE on the… …   Dictionary for writing and speaking English

  • address — /ə dres/ noun the details of number, street and town where an office is located or a person lives ● My business address and phone number are printed on the card. ■ verb 1. to write the details of an address on an envelope or package ● a letter… …   Dictionary of banking and finance

  • address — noun 1》 the particulars of the place where a person lives or an organization is situated. 2》 Computing a binary number identifying a location in a data storage system or computer memory. 3》 a formal speech.     ↘archaic a person s manner of… …   English new terms dictionary

  • envelope — en‧ve‧lope [ˈenvələʊp ǁ loʊp] noun [countable] a thin paper cover in which you put a letter ˌpadded ˈenvelope an envelope filled with soft material that is used for sending things which can easily be damaged ˌself adˌdressed ˈenvelope written… …   Financial and business terms

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