ἱππο-σύνη

Grammatical information: m. and f.

Meaning: `seer, prophet' (Il.); also name of a plant (Nic.), a grasshopper, `praying manti' (Theoc., Dsc.), a garden-frog (H.); as announcing the weather, cf. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 79.

Other forms: - εως, Ion. - ιος.

Compounds: often as 2. member in the tragics, e.g. ἰατρό-μαντις `soothsayer, who is also a physician' (A.), cf. Risch IF 59, 272f. Rarely as 1. member, e.g. μαντι-πόλος `predicting' (E. in anap., Orac. ap. Luc., Man.).

Derivatives: 1. μαντεῖος, -ήϊος `regarding the soothsayer, prophetic' (P., trag.; after βασιλεῖος etc.), μαντεῖον, -ήϊον n. `oracle, place of an oracle' (μ 272). 2. μαντικός `id.', μαντική ( τέχνη) `the art of seeing' (IA.; Chantraine Études 130 a. 143). 3. μαντῳ̃ος `id.' (AP; after ἡρῳ̃ος a. o.). 4. μαντοσύνη `gift of prophecy' (Il., Pi., Emp.; after ἱππο-σύνη etc., Wyss - συνη 24f., Porzig Satzinhalte 226), - συνος `belonging to the seer, oracle' (Corinna, E. in lyr.; Wyss - συνη 42). 5. μαντεύομαι, late also - εύω, `prophesy, predict, ask an oracle' (Il., after βασιλεύειν etc.; cf. Schwyzer 732) with μαντεία, - είη, η-ΐη `prophecy, the gift of prophecy, oracle' (h. Merc.; Zumbach Neuerungen 9), μάντευμα `oracle' (Pi., trag.), μαντευτής = μάντις (Hdt.), - εύτρια (Sch.). - PN Μάντιος (Od.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [726] * men- `think'?

Etymology: As masc. concretum, esp. as nom. agentis in - τι-, μάντις is rather isolated; similar only μάρπτις `brigand' (A. Supp. 826 f.; text defect), πόρτις `calf'; quite uncertain the PN Σίντιες (Lemnos; σίνομαι?, s. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 76). It lies at hand, to take it like φάτις as an original abstract fem. (Brugmann; e.g. ⁴239); on the question Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 40f., G. Liebert Das Nominalsuffix -ti- im Aind. (Lund 1949) 142ff. After Benveniste Origines 83 we should rather reconstruct an old neuter *τὸ μάντι `divination'; but μαντι-πόλος, adduced by B., can easily be explained differently, s. above. In nay case μάντις belongs to μαίνομαι, μανῆναι ( ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ μαίνεται Hdt. 4, 79; rejected by v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 40); semantically agrees the formally cognate but differently built Skt. múni- m. `illuminated, seer' (rejected by Mayrhofer KEWA 2, 654); in the West there is a different word for it (Lat. vātēs etc.; Porzig Gliederung 127). The ti-deriv. in Lat. mens etc. is qua content far off.

See also: Weiteres s. μέμονα und μένος.

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Grammatical information: m. f.

Meaning: `horse, mare' (Il.), collective f. `cavalry' (IA)

Dialectal forms: Myk. iqo, iqija `chariot'

Compounds: Very often in compp.: bahuvrihi ( λεύκ-ιππος), governing compp. ( ἱππό-δαμ-ος, ἱππ-ηλά-της), determin. compp. ( ἱππο-τοξότης); with transformed 2. member ( ἱππο-πόταμος, ἵππ-αγρος for ἵππος ποτάμιος, ἄγριος, Risch IF 59, 287; ἱππο-κορυστής, s. κόρυς); with metr. conditioned ἱππιο- for ἱππο- in ἱππιο-χαίτης, - χάρμης (ep.). As 1. member also augmentative, esp in plant-names ( ἱππο-λάπαθον a. o., Strömberg Pflanzennamen 30).

Derivatives: A. Substantives: diminut. ἱππάριον (X.), ἱππίσκος `(small) statue of a horse' (Samos IV<sup>a</sup>) etc., ἱππίδιον as fishname (Epich.; Strömberg Fischnamen 100). - ἱππότης m. `horse-, chariot-driver' (Il.; in Homer always ἱππότᾰ with voc. = nom.; see Risch Sprachgesch. und Wortbed. 389ff), f. ἱππότις (Nonn.); ἱππεύς `horse-driver, chariot-fighter' (Il.), `cavalrist' (Sapph., A., Hdt.), `knight' as social class (Hdt., Ar., Arist.); from there ἱππεύω, s. C.; also as name of a comet like ἱππίας (Plin., Apul.; Scherer Gestirnnamen 107); ἱππών `stable' (Att. inscr., X.); ἱππάκη `cheese of mare-milk' (Hp.), also plant-name (Strömberg Pflanzennamen 136; formation like ἐριθάκη, ἁλωνάκη a. o.); ἵππερος "horse-fever" (Ar., like ἴκτερος, ὕδερος); ἱπποσύνη `art of driving, cavalry' (Il.; Urs Wyss Die Wörter auf - σύνη 23 u. 49). - B. Adjectives: ἱππάς f. `belonging to a horse, status and census of the knights in Athens' (Hp., Arist.); ἵππειος `belonging to a horse' (Il.); ἵππιος `id.' (Alc., Pi., trag.), often as epithet of gods (Poseidon, Athena etc.); from there Ίππιών as month-name (Eretria); ἱππικός `id.' (IA; Chantraine Et. sur le vocab. gr. 141); ἱππώδης `horse-like' (X.). - C. Verbs: 1. ἱππάζομαι, also with ἀφ-, ἐφ-, καθ- a. o., `drive horses, serve as riding-horse' (Il.) with ἱππασία, ἱππάσιμος, ἱππαστήρ, - άστρια, ἱππαστής, - αστικός, ἵππασμα, ἱππασμός. 2. ἱππεύω `id.' (IA), prop. from ἱππεύς, but also referring to ἵππος (Schwyzer 732), also with prefix, e. g. ἀφ-, καθ-, παρ-, συν-; from there ἱππευτήρ, - τής, ἱππεία, ἵππευσις, ἵππευμα; details in Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 34f. - Further endless proper-names, both full- and short-names ( Ίππόλυτος, Ίππίας, Ι῝ππη etc.etc.). See E. Delebecque Le cheval dans l'Iliade. Paris 1951.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [301] *h₁eḱuos `horse'

Etymology: Inherited word for `horse', e. g. Skt. áśva-, Lat. equus, Venet. acc. ekvon, Celt., e. g. OIr. ech, Germ., e. g. OE eoh, OLith. ešva `mare', Toch. B yakwe, perh. also Thrac. PN Βετεσπιος, give IE *h₁eḱu̯os; further HLuw. aśuwa, Lyc. esbe. From this form we expect Gr. *ἔππος or *ἔκκος (s. Schwyzer 301). A form with geminate is indeed found in ἴκκος (EM 474, 12), Ἴκκος PN (Tarent., Epid.); s. Lejeune, Phonétique 72. (With ἴκκος: ἵππος cf. Pannonian PN Ecco, Eppo.) A problem is the ἰ-; one suggestion was that it is Mycenaean; Cf. W.-Hofmann s. equus, Schwyzer 351. The aspiration is also difficult. - There is no further explanation for the word (connection e.g. with ὠκύς cannot be demonstrated).

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