ἔπεμψα

πέμπω

send: aor ind act 1st sg

πέμπω

send: aor ind act 1st sg

ἐπέμψᾱν, ἐπί, ἐν-ψάω

rub: imperf ind act 3rd pl (doric aeolic)

ἐπέμψᾱν, ἐπί, ἐν-ψάω

rub: imperf ind act 1st sg (doric aeolic)

ἐπέμψᾱν, ἐπί-ἐμψάω

wipe in: imperf ind act 3rd pl (doric aeolic)

ἐπέμψᾱν, ἐπί-ἐμψάω

wipe in: imperf ind act 1st sg (doric aeolic)

ἐπέμψᾱν, ἐπί, ἐν-ψάω

rub: imperf ind act 3rd pl (doric aeolic)

ἐπέμψᾱν, ἐπί, ἐν-ψάω

rub: imperf ind act 1st sg (doric aeolic)

ἐπέμψᾱν, ἐπί-ἐμψάω

wipe in: imperf ind act 3rd pl (doric aeolic)

ἐπέμψᾱν, ἐπί-ἐμψάω

wipe in: imperf ind act 1st sg (doric aeolic)

πέμπω fut. πέμψω; 1 aor. ἑπεμψα; pf. πέπομφα IEph 17:2. Pass.: fut. inf. πεμφθήσεσθαι (Just., A I, 28); 1 aor. ἐπέμφθην; 1 pf. ptc. πεπεμμένος (Just., D. 126, 6); plpf. 3 sg. ἐπέπεμπτο Just., D. 56, 5).

① to dispatch someone, whether human or transcendent being, usually for purposes of communication, send τινά someone J 1:22; 13:16; 20:21b; Phil 2:23, 28; ISm 11:3. δοῦλον Lk 20:11; cp. vs. 12f. τ. ἀδελφούς 2 Cor 9:3. ἄνδρας πιστούς 1 Cl 63:3. ὑπηρέτην Dg 7:2. ἐπισκόπους IPhld 10:2. W. double acc. π. τινὰ κατάσκοπον send someone out as a spy B 12:9; w. acc. of a ptc. π. τινὰ κρίνοντα send someone as a judge Dg 7:6. π. τινὰ πρεσβεύσοντα send someone to be a representative Pol 13:1. W. a destination indicated (the ref. to a legation somet. being omitted as self-evident, like the Engl. ‘send to someone’= ‘send a messenger to someone’): π. (τινὰ) εἴς τι send (someone) to, into (X., Hell. 7, 4, 39; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 271 εἰς Ἱερος.) Mt 2:8; Lk 15:15; 16:27; Ac 10:5, 32 (without acc.); 15:22; IEph 6:1; GJs 16:2. W. the point of departure and the destination given ἀπὸ τῆς Μιλήτου εἰς Ἔφεσον Ac 20:17 (without acc.). W. indication of the pers. to whom someone is sent π. (τινὰ) πρός τινα send (someone) to someone (X., Cyr. 1, 5, 4; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1:13 Jac.; Diod S 20, 72, 1 π. τινὰ εἰς Συρακούσας πρὸς τ. ἀδελφόν; PHib 127 descr. 3 [III B.C.] π. τινὰ πρός τινα; Sb 6769, 5; 2 Esdr 5:17; En 10:2; TestJos 9:1; Manetho: 609 Fgm. 10 Jac. [in Jos., C. Ap. 1, 241]) Lk 7:19 (αὐτούς them is supplied by the immediate context); Ac 10:33 (without acc.); 15:25; 19:31 (without acc.); 23:30 (the acc. αὐτόν him is supplied by the context.—S. further below, where this pass. is cited again); Eph 6:22; Phil 2:25; Col 4:8; Tit 3:12; GJs 21:2 codd. In several of these places π. is used w. another verb that tells the purpose of the sending. This verb can be in the ptc.: ἔπεμψεν λέγων he sent to ask (cp. Gen 38:25; 2 Km 14:32; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 262) Lk 7:19; cp. vs. 6. Or the verb w. π. is in a finite mood and π. stands in the ptc. (Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 9 §34 πέμψας ἀνεῖλε=he sent and had [her] put to death; 5, 118 §489 ἤρετο πέμπων=he sent and asked; Gen 27:42; Jos., Ant. 7, 149) πέμψαντες παρεκάλουν they sent and advised Ac 19:31; cp. πέμψας ἀπεκεφάλισεν he sent and had (John) beheaded Mt 14:10.—22:7. Differently πέμψας αὐτοὺς εἶπεν he sent them and said 2:8. W. indication of the one who is to receive someone, in the dat. π. τινά τινι send someone to someone 1 Cor 4:17; Phil 2:19.—ὁ Ἰω. πέμψας δύο τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ εἶπεν αὐτῷ=‘sent two of his disciples and had them say to him’ Mt 11:2 v.l. (cp. Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 96 §449 πέμψας τινὰς ὁ Πομπήιος συνέλαβεν [Κάρβωνα]=Pompey sent certain men and had Carbo taken into custody). W. purpose indicated by the inf. (Just., D. 45, 4) Lk 15:15; 1 Cor 16:3; cp. also J 1:33; Rv 22:16. By subst. inf. w. εἰς 1 Th 3:2, 5. By εἰς (Appian, Mithrid. 108 §516 ἔπεμπεν τὰς θυγατέρας ἐς γάμους=in order to marry them [to Scythian princes]) εἰς αὐτὸ τοῦτο for this very purpose Eph 6:22; Col 4:8. εἰς ἐκδίκησιν κακοποιῶν 1 Pt 2:14. W. εἰς twice: εἰς θεοῦ τιμὴν εἰς Σμύρναν IEph 21:1. W. purpose indicated by ἵνα Lk 16:24.—Esp. of sending forth of God’s representatives (Aberciusins. 7; Philosoph. Max. 497, 8, the wise man is ἀποσταλείς, his πέμψας is God) Moses 1 Cl 17:5; Elijah Lk 4:26. The angel of repentance Hs 8, 11, 1. Above all the Father sends the Son (upon the earth) Ro 8:3; IMg 8:2. πέμψω τὸν υἱόν μου τὸν ἀγαπητόν Lk 20:13 (cp. Hdt. 1, 119, 2f ἦν οἱ παῖς εἷς μοῦνος … τοῦτον ἐκπέμπει … ἐς Ἀστυάγεος … Ἀστυάγης σφάξας αὐτόν). John’s gospel is dominated by the thought that Jesus is sent by God fr. heaven (s. Hdb. exc. on J 3:17) J 4:34; 5:23f, 30, 37; 6:38f, 44; 7:16, 28, 33; 8:16, 18, 26, 29; 9:4; 12:44f, 49; 13:20; 14:24; 15:21; 16:5. Jesus, or God in his name, will send the Paraclete or Holy Spirit J 14:26; 15:26 (ὸ̔ν ἐγὼ πέμψω ὑμῖν παρὰ τοῦ πατρός); 16:7. Sim. πέμπει αὐτοῖς ὁ θεὸς ἐνέργειαν πλάνης God sends them a deluding influence 2 Th 2:11.—The idea of moving from one place to another, which is inherent in ‘sending’, can retreat into the background, so that π. takes on the mng. instruct, commission, appoint: ὁ πέμψας με βαπτίζειν ἐν ὕδατι J 1:33. Cp. 7:18 and the pass. 1 Pt 2:14. Elsewh., too, π. takes on a particular mng. fr. the context: πέμψον ἡμᾶς εἰς τοὺς χοίρους eject us into the swine Mk 5:12. Of one under arrest: have him transported to his destination Ac 25:25, 27; cp. 23:30 (on these pass. s. TGagos/PSijpesteijn, BASP 33, ’96, 77–97).—Abs. οἱ πεμφθέντες those who were sent Lk 7:10.—In several of the places already mentioned (Ac 23:30; Eph 6:22; Phil 2:28; Col 4:8) ἔπεμψα is an epistolary aorist (Thu. 1, 129, 3; Chion, Ep. 15, 3 ἔπεμψα δὲ τὸ ἀντίγραφον; POxy 937, 21.—B-D-F §334; Rob. 845f).

② to dispatch someth. through an intermediary, send τινί τι someth. to someone Rv 11:10; Hv 2, 4, 3a; Hs 5, 2, 9; 5, 5, 3. The thing that is the object of the sending can remain unmentioned if it is easily supplied fr. the context πέμψον ταῖς ἑπτὰ ἐκκλησίαις, εἰς Ἔφεσον καὶ εἰς … send (the book) to the seven churches, to Ephesus and to … Rv 1:11. πέμψει Κλήμης εἰς τὰς ἔξω πόλεις Clement is to send (it=his copy or rescripts of it) to the cities abroad Hv 2, 4, 3b. ὥρισαν εἰς διακονίαν πέμψαι τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς they decided to send (someth.) to the brethren for their support Ac 11:29. εἰς τὴν χρείαν μοι ἐπέμψατε you have sent me (what was necessary) to satisfy my needs Phil 4:16 (cp. vv.ll. without the prep. εἰς and s. Ar. Milne p. 74 ln. 26: πέμπουσιν αὐτοῖ ἃ χρέαν ἔχουσιν). Fig. μερίσας … ἀπὸ τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἔπεμψεν εἰς τοὺς προφήτας (God) sent a portion of Christ’s spirit into the prophets AcPlCor 2:10.—On π. τὸ δρέπανον Rv 14:15, 18 s. δρέπανον.—π. διά τινος could come fr. the OT (=שָׁלַח בְּיַד פּ׳ 1 Km 16:20; 2 Km 11:14; 3 Km 2:25) and could have given rise to the expr. πέμψας διὰ τῶν μαθητῶν εἶπεν αὐτῷ he sent word by his disciples and said to him Mt 11:2 ([Just., D. 53, 1]; yet a similar expr. is found in Appian, Mithrid. 108 §516 ἔπεμπεν διʼ εὐνούχων).—π. abs. means send, write a document, letter, etc. (Ps.-Callisth. 3, 18, 4; PGiss 13, 5 [II A.D.] Ἀρσινόη μοι ἔπεμψε περὶ τῶν δύο ταλάντων; 17, 8; 13; 27, 8 οὗ ἕνεκα πρὸς σὲ ἔπεμψα ἵνα ἐπιγνῶ; 81, 6; 14 πέμψον μοι οὖν περὶ τῆς σωτηρίας σου and oft. in pap) ἐσπούδασα κατὰ μικρὸν ὑμῖν πέμπειν I have taken pains to write to you briefly B 1:5.—DELG. M-M. EDNT.

ἔπεμψα, πέμπω

send: aor ind act 1st sg

ἔπεμψε, πέμπω

send: aor ind act 3rd sg

ἔπεμψα, πέμπω

send: aor ind act 1st sg

ἔπεμψε, πέμπω

send: aor ind act 3rd sg

ἔπεμψα, πέμπω

send: aor ind act 1st sg

ἔπεμψε, πέμπω

send: aor ind act 3rd sg

ἔπεμψα, πέμπω

send: aor ind act 1st sg

ἔπεμψε, πέμπω

send: aor ind act 3rd sg

πέμπω, [dialect] Ep. inf. -έμεναι, -έμεν, Od.13.48, 10.18: [dialect] Ion. [tense] impf.

A

πέμπεσκε Hdt.7.106

: [tense] fut.

πέμψω Od.5.167

, etc.; [dialect] Dor.

πεμψῶ Theoc.5.141

; [dialect] Ep.inf.

πεμψέμεναι Od.10.484

: [tense] aor. ἔπεμψα, [dialect] Ep.

πέμψα Il.1.442

, 21.43, etc.: [tense] pf.

πέπομφα Th.7.12

, X.Cyr.6.2.10, D.4.48 : [tense] plpf. ἐπεμπόμφει, [dialect] Ion. - εε, X.Cyr.6.2.9, Hdt.1.85 :—[voice] Med. (not in early Prose, exc. in compds. ἀπο-, μετα-, προ-πέμπομαι), [tense] fut. πέμψομαι only f.l. in E. Or. 111 : [tense] aor.

ἐπεμψάμην Id.Hec. 977

:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

πεμφθήσομαι Str. 1.1.4

, Plu.Demetr.27 : [tense] aor.

ἐπέμφθην Pi.N.3.59

, S.El. 1163, etc.: [ per.] 3sg.[tense] pf.

πέπεμπται A.Th. 473

, ([etym.] προ-) Th.7.77; part.

πεπεμμένος D.23.159

, Luc. Alex.32, D.C.50.13: [tense] plpf.

ἐπέπεμπτο Id.36.18

, ([etym.] προὐπ-) Th.8.79 (cj.):— send, freq. of persons, as messengers, spies, etc., Il.3.116, A.Th.37, Hdt.7.15, etc.; of troops, A.Pers.34 (anap.), Th. 470 : c. dupl. acc., ὁδὸν π. τινά send one on a journey, S.Aj. 739, cf.El. 1163 ([voice] Pass.); also of things,

πέμψω δέ τοι οὖρον ὄπισθεν Od.5.167

, etc.; π. γράμματα, ἐπιστολήν, Pl.Ep. 310d, 323b; in letters, in the epistolary aorist, Th.1.129, X. An.1.9.25, LXX2 Es.4.14; π. κακόν τινι send one evil, Il.15.109;

π. παραβᾶσιν Ἐρινύν A.Ag.59

(anap.); ποινάς, ζημίαν, Id.Eu. 203 (dub.), E.Fr. 506;

ψόφον π. ἔσω Id.IT 1308

; ὕπνον, ὀνείρατα, S.Ph.19, El. 460; freq. of omens, π.οἰωνόν, τέρατα, Il.24.310, X.Mem. 1.4.15, cf. Smp. 4.48;

μαντείας S.OT 149

; also

ἱκεσίους π. λιτάς Id.Ph. 495

; π. ἀρωγάς, ἀλκάν, A.Eu. 598, S. OT 189(lyr.):—Constr.:

1 c. acc. of place to which, π. τινὰ Θήβας, ἀγρούς, Id.OC 1770 (anap.), OT 761 : also c. dat.,

Ἀΐδᾳ E.IT 159

(anap.): but usu. with Preps., ἐς Τροίην, φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν, etc., Il.6.207, Od.5.37, etc.;

π. εἰς Ἀΐδαο Il.21.48

;

δόμον Ἄϊδος εἴσω Od.9.524

; π. εἰς διδασκάλων send to school, Pl.Prt. 325d (so πέμπειν alone, Ar.Fr. 216); π. ἐπ' εὐρέα νῶτα θαλάσσης over.., Od.4.560, etc. ; π.ἐπὶ Θρῃκῶν ἵππους to them, Il.10.464; but πέμπειν ἐπί τι send for a purpose,

ἐπ' ὕδωρ Hdt.5.12

;

ἐπὶκατασκοπήν X. Cyr.6.2.9

(π. εἰς κ. S.Ph.45);

π. ἀρωγὴν ἐπὶ νίκην A.Ch. 477

codd. (anap.); π. ἐπί τινι send to him, Il.2.6; against.., A.Ag. 61 (anap.), etc.; for a purpose,

ἐπὶ πολέμῳ X. HG4.8.17

; περί τινος about something, Th.1.91, X.Cyr.6.2.10; ὑπέρ τινος Epist. Philipp. ap.D.12.12; παρά or πρός τινα to some one, Th.2.81, X.An.5.2.6;

ὥς τινα Th.8.50

.

2 folld. by Advbs., οἴκαδε, οἶκόνδε, Od.19.281, 24.418;

ὅνδε δόμονδε Il.16.445

;

θύραζε Od.9.461

;

πόλεμόνδε Il. 18.452

, etc.; ἕταρον γὰρ.. πέμπ' Ἄϊδόσδε was conducting or convoying Patroclus to Hades, 23.137.

3 folld. by inf. of purpose,

τὴν.. ἅρμασι π. νέεσθαι Od.4.8

;

ἕπεσθαι Il.16.575

;

ἰέναι Od.14.396

;

ἱκανέμεν 4.29

;

ἄγειν 24.419

;

φέρειν Il.16.454

; φέρεσθαι ib. 681 ;

μήτηρ με πέμπει πατρὶ τυμβεῦσαι χοάς S.El. 406

; send word,

πέμπεις.. σῇ δάμαρτι, παῖδα σὴν δεῦρ' ἀποστέλλειν E.IA 360

; πέμπουσιν οἱ ἔφοροι.. στρατεύεσθαι sent him orders to march, X.HG3.1.7 : also c. part.,

κήρυκας π. ἀγγέλλοντας IG 12.76.22

: the place from which is expressed by ἀπό or ἐκ, Il.16.447, Od.11.635, etc.

4 abs.,

ἐπέμψαμεν πρὸς ὑμᾶς περὶ ἀποστάσεως Th.3.13

;

πέμπει κελεύων Th.1.91

, 2.81;

ἐκέλευε.. πέμπων X. An.2.3.1

;

ἔπεμπε πρὸς Κῦρον δεόμενος Id.Cyr.1.5.4

;

ἔπεμπον ἐρωτῶντες Id.An.6.6.4

, etc.

5 send forward, nominate a person for a post, ὀνόματα Wilcken Chr.28.20 (ii A.D.) :—[voice] Pass., ib.392.7 (ii A.D.).

II send forth or away, dismiss, send home,

τὸν ξεῖνον Od.7.227

, al.: less freq. in Il., as 24.780; χρὴ ξεῖνον παρεόντα φιλεῖν, ἐθέλοντα δὲ πέμπειν 'welcome the coming, speed the parting guest', Od.15.74 ;

ὑπέδεκτο καὶ πέμπε 23.315

; of the father who sends off his daughter to go to her husband, c. dat., 4.5 ;

π. τινὰ ἄποικον S.OT 1518

, etc.

2 of missiles, discharge, shoot,

πέτρας Hes. Th. 716

: metaph.,

ὄμματος.. τόξευμα A. Supp. 1005

: abs.,

οἱ πολλάκις πέμποντες ἔστιν ὅτε τυγχάνουσι τοῦ σκοποῦ Eun. VS p.495

B.

3 of words, send forth, utter, A. Th. 443, S.Ph. 846 (lyr.), 1445 (anap.).

III conduct, escort, Il.1.390, Od.14.336, S.Tr. 571, etc.; freq. of Hermes and other gods, Od.11.626, A. Eu. 12, Supp. 219; ὁ πέμπων abs., of Hermes, S. Ph. 133 (cf.πομπός, πομπαῖος, etc.); of a ship, convey, carry, Od.8.556, cf. A.Supp. 136(lyr.);

κραιπνοφόροι δέ μ' ἔπεμψαν αὖραι Id.Pr. 132

(lyr.), cf. Pi.P.4.203 ([voice] Pass.).

2 πομπὴν π. conduct, or take part in, a procession, Hdt.5.56, Ar. Ec. 757, Th.6.56, Lys. 13.80, D.4.26, etc.; π. χορούς move in dancing procession, E.El. 434(lyr.); Παναθήναια π. Men. 494, Philostr. VA4.22 :—[voice] Pass., φαλλὸς Διονύσῳ πεμπόμενος carried in procession in his honour, Hdt.2.49, cf. Plu.Aem. 32, Demetr.12;

τῆς πομπῆς ὅπως ἂν ὡς κάλλισταπεμφθῇ IG12.84.27

;

χορὸς ὁ εἰς Δῆλον πεμπόμενος X. Mem.3.3.12

.

IV send as a present, εἵματα, σῖτον, Od. 16.83,4.623; π. δῶρα, σκῦλα, ξένια, Hdt.7.106 ([voice] Act. and [voice] Pass.), S.Ph. 1429, X.Cyr.3.1.42.

V send up, produce,

ὅσα πέμπει βιόδωρος αἶα S.Ph. 1162

(lyr.).

B [voice] Med., πέμπεσθαί τινα send for one, S.OC 602, ubiv. Sch.; τί χρῆμ' ἐπέμψω τὸν ἐμὸν ἐκ δόμων πόδα; E.Hec. 977.

II send in one's own service or cause to be sent, S.OT 556, Luc. Tox.14.

σκοπ-ός, ὁ (also ἡ, Od.22.396, Call.Del.66): ([etym.] σκέπτομαι):—

A one that watches, one that looks about or after things,

παρὰ δὲ σκοπὸν εἷσεν Il.23.359

; γυναικῶν δμῳάων σ. ἐσσι, of a housekeeper, Od. l.c.: in Pi., of gods and kings, c. gen. loci, guardian, protector, Ὀλύμπου ς. O.1.54;

Δάλου 6.59

; Μαγνήτων ς., of Peleus, N.5.27;

τὸν ὑψόθεν σ., φύλακα βροτῶν A.Supp. 381

(lyr.); also

σκοποὶ τῶν εἰρημένων S.Ant. 215

.

b one who watches or looks out to take advantage, Od.22.156; watchful, jealous master, S.Aj. 945.

2 mostly, lookout-man, watcher, stationed in some high place ([etym.] σκοπιά) to overlook a country, esp. in war, Il.2.792, Od.16.365, X.Cyr.3.2.1, 4.1.1, etc.; hence

Ἠέλιον.. θεῶν σ. ἠδὲ καὶ ἀνδρῶν h.Cer.62

: also, game-watcher, X.Cyr. 1.6.40.

3 spy, scout, Il.10.324, 526, 561 (later κατάσκοπος)

σ. καὶ κατοπτῆρας στρατοῦ ἔπεμψα A.Th.36

, cf. E.Tr. 956; of a messenger who has been sent to learn tidings, S.OC35, cf. Ph. 125;

σκοπός, ναῶν κατόπτας E.Rh. 557

(lyr.).

II mark or object on which one fixes the eye,

σκοπὸν ἄλλον, ὃν οὔ πώ τις βάλεν ἀνήρ, εἴσομαι αἴ κε τύχωμι Od.22.6

; ἀπὸ σκοποῦ away from the mark, 11.344; ἀπὸ σ. εἰρηκέναι, εἰρῆσθαι, Pl.Tht. 179c, X.Smp.2.10;

παρὰ σκοπόν Pi.O.13.94

; σκοπῷ ἐπέχειν τόξον to aim at it, ib.2.89;

σκοποῦ ἄντα τυχεῖν Id.N.6.27

;

ἔκυρσας ὥστε τοξότης.. σκοποῦ A.Ag. 628

;

ὥστε τοξόται σκοποῦ, τοξεύετ' ἀνδρὸς τοῦδε S.Ant. 1033

;

ἄθλιον σκοπὸν ἐμοὶ ἀκοντίσας Antipho 3.3.6

;

ἐπὶ σκοπὸν βάλλειν X.Cyr.1.6.29

;

παραλλάξαι τοῦ σ. καὶ ἁμαρτεῖν Pl.Tht. 194a

;

ἀποτυγχάνω τοῦ σκοποῦ Id.Lg. 744a

.

2 metaph., aim, end, object,

οὗτος.. δοκεῖ ὁ σ. εἶναι πρὸς ὃν βλέποντα δεῖ ζῆν Id.Grg. 507d

;

τὴν ἡδονὴν σ. ὀρθὸν πᾶσι ζῴοις γεγονέναι Id.Phlb. 60a

;

στοχάζεσθαι σκοποῦ Id.R. 519c

;

σ. τυραννικὸς τὸ ἡδύ Arist.Pol. 1311a4

, etc.; σκοπός.. nihil praebere 'his little game' is to make no allowance, Cic.Att. 15.29.2, cf. Arg. 11 Ar.Eq.

b Medic., of healing, ἐπὶ τῷ πρώτῳ ς. by first intention (i.e. direct union), κατὰ δεύτερον ς. by second intention (i.e. granulation or scar tissue), Gal.1.387, cf. 10.162.

3 contest in shooting at a mark, σ. ἱππέων, πεζῶν, IG9(2).527.16,18 ([place name] Larissa).

III name of a dance, Eup.446.

ἐπιστολή, ῆς, ἡ (s. ἐπιστέλλω) letter, epistle (so Eur., Thu.+; loanw. in rabb.) 2 Cor 7:8; 2 Th 3:17; 1 Cl 47:1; 63:2; IEph 12:2; ISm 11:3; Pol 13:2b. διʼ ἐπιστολῆς (Diod S 19, 48, 1; Polyaenus 7, 39; 53rd letter of Apollonius of Tyana [Philostrat. I 358, 9]; Ps.-Demetr., Form. Ep. p. 5, 10; BGU 884, 6; 1046 II, 5) by a letter 2 Th 2:2 (Vi. Aesopi W 104 P. ἐ. ὡς ἐκ τοῦ Αἰσώπου; Polyaenus 8, 50 of two dead persons ὡς ἔτι ζώντων ἐπιστολή), vs. 15, cp. 3:14. γράφειν ἐπιστολήν (Diod S 17, 39, 2; Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 207) Ac 15:23 D; 23:25 (on the specific type of administrative communication s. Taubenschlag, OpMin II 722, w. ref. to PTebt 45, 27); Ro 16:22; ἐν τῇ ἐ. 1 Cor 5:9 (ἐν τῇ ἐ.=‘in the letter known to you’ [s. ὁ 2a] as ChronLind B 14 ἐν τᾷ ἐπιστολᾷ; Hyperid. 3, 25 ἐν τ. ἐπιστολαῖς; Pla., Ep. 7, 345c ἡ ἐ.=the letter [known to you]). ταύτην δευτέραν ὑμῖν γράφω ἐ. 2 Pt 3:1 (cp. BGU 827, 20 ἰδοὺ τρίτην ἐπιστολήν σοι γράφω. PMich 209, 5 δευτέραν ἐπιστολὴν ἔπεμψά σοι). ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰωάννου προτέρας ἐ. Papias (2:17); αἱ δύο ἐπιστολαὶ αἱ μικραί Papias (11:1); άναδιδόναι τὴν ἐπιστολήν τινι deliver the letter to someone Ac 23:33. Also ἐπιδιδόναι 15:30. διαπέμπεσθαι send MPol 20:1. διακονεῖν care for 2 Cor 3:3. ἀναγινώσκειν (X., An. 1, 6, 4; 1 Macc 10:7; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 37) 3:2; Col 4:16; 1 Th 5:27. In all probability the plur. in our lit.—even Ac 9:2; Pol 3:2—always means more than one letter, not a single one (as Eur., Iph. A. 111; 314; Thu. 1, 132, 5; 4, 50, 2, also M. Iulius Brutus, Ep. 1, 1 [fr. Mithridates]; 1 Macc 10:3, 7; Jos., Ant. 10, 15; 16): διʼ ἐπιστολῶν with letters 1 Cor 16:3. τῷ λόγῳ διʼ ἐπιστολῶν ἀπόντες (do someth.) through word by means of letters, when we are absent 2 Cor 10:11 (cp. UPZ 69, 3 [152 B.C.] ἀπόντος μου … διὰ τοῦ ἐπιστολίου); vs. 9; ἐ. βαρεῖαι καὶ ἰσχυραί the letters are weighty and powerful vs. 10. ἔγραψεν ὑμῖν ὡς καὶ ἐν πάσαις ἐ. 2 Pt 3:16. ἐ. συστατικαί letters of recommendation 2 Cor 3:1 (s. on συστατικός). ἐπιστολὰς πέμπειν (Ps.-Demosth. 11, 17; Diod S 17, 23, 6 ἔπεμψεν ἐπιστολάς=letters; OGI 42, 6; 2 Macc 11:34) IPol 8:1; cp. Pol 13:2a. ἐπιστολὴ πρός τινα a letter to someone (2 Esdr 12:7; 2 Macc 11:27; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 111) Ac 9:2; 22:5 (letters empowering someone to arrest people and deliver them to the authorities in the capital city, as PTebt 315, 29ff [II A.D.]); 2 Cor 3:1 (πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἢ ἐξ ὑμῶν).—Later epistolary subscriptions to the NT letters, as well as B, 1 Cl, 2 Cl.—GBahr, Paul and Letter Writing in the First Century, CBQ 28, ’66, 465–77; JWhite, Light fr. Ancient Letters ’86, 3–20, 221–24 lit. Lit. on χαίρω 2b. B. 1286; RAC II 564–85.—DELG s.v. στέλλω. M-M. EDNT. TW.

① as relative pron. who, which, what, that (Hom.+). On its use s. B-D-F §293–97; 377–80; Rydbeck 98–118; W-S. §24; Rob. 711–26, and for ancient Gk. in gener. Kühner-G. II 399ff; Schwyzer II 639–41.

ⓐ As a general rule, the relative pron. agrees in gender and number w. the noun or pron. to which it refers (i.e. its antecedent); its case is determined by the verb, noun, or prep. that governs it: ὁ ἀστήρ, ὸ̔ν εἶδον Mt 2:9. ὁ Ἰησοῦς, ὅν ἐγὼ καταγγέλλω ὑμῖν Ac 17:3. Ἰουδαῖον, ᾧ (sc. ἦν) ὄνομα Βαριησοῦς 13:6. ὁ Ἰουδαῖος …, οὗ ὁ ἔπαινος Ro 2:29. Ἰσραηλίτης, ἐν ᾧ δόλος οὐκ ἔστιν J 1:47. οὗτος, περὶ οὗ ἀκούω τοιαῦτα Lk 9:9 and very oft.

ⓑ A demonstrative pron. is freq. concealed within the relative pron.:

α. in such a way that both pronouns stand in the same case: ὅς the one who ὅς οὐ λαμβάνει Mt 10:38; sim. Mk 4:9; 9:40 (the three w. implied condition). οὗ of the one whose J 18:26. ᾧ to the one to whom Ro 6:16. ὅν the one whom (or someth. sim.) Mk 15:12; J 1:45. οἷς to those for whom Mt 20:23. οὕς those whom Mk 3:13; J 5:21. ὅ that which, what Mt 10:27.—A prep. governing the relative belongs in certain pass. to the (omitted) demonstr. pron. alone: παρʼ ὅ Ro 12:3; Gal 1:8; ὑπὲρ ὅ (ἅ) 1 Cor 10:13; 2 Cor 12:6; Phlm 21; πρὸς ἅ 2 Cor 5:10; εἰς ὅν J 6:29. In others it must be added to both pronouns: ἐν ᾧ in that in which 2 Cor 11:12; 1 Pt 2:12; 3:16 (these passages in 1 Pt may be classed under 1kγ also). ἐν οἷς Phil 4:11. ὑπὲρ οὑ because of that for which 1 Cor 10:30. ἀφʼ ὧν from the persons from whom 2 Cor 2:3.—The much disputed pass. ἑταῖρε, ἐφʼ ὸ̔ πάρει Mt 26:50 would belong here if we were to supply the words necessary to make it read about as follows: friend, (are you misusing the kiss) for that (purpose) for which you are here? (Wlh.; EKlostermann) or thus: in connection with that (=the purposes), for which (=for the realization of which) you have appeared (do you kiss me)? (Rdm.² 78). Friend, are you here for this purpose? FRehkopf, ZNW 52, ’61, 109–15. But s. βב and iβ below.

β. But the two pronouns can also stand in different cases; in such instances the demonstr. pron. is nearly always in the nom. or acc.

א. in the nom. οὗ one whose Ac 13:25. ὧν those whose Ro 4:7 (Ps 31:1). ᾧ the one to or for whom Lk 7:43; 2 Pt 1:9. οἷς those to whom Mt 19:11; Ro 15:21 (Is 52:15). ὅ that (nom.) which (acc.) Mt 13:12; 25:29; 26:13; Mk 11:23; Lk 12:3. Likew. ἅ Lk 12:20. ὅν he whom J 3:34; 4:18; Ac 10:21. ἐφʼ ὅν the one about whom Hb 7:13.

ב. in the acc. ὧν the things of which J 13:29. ᾧ the one (in) whom 2 Ti 1:12. So also w. a prep.: ἐν ᾧ anything by which Ro 14:21. ἐν οἷς things in which 2 Pt 2:12. ἐφʼ ὅ that upon which Lk 5:25. περὶ ὧν the things of which Ac 24:13. ἐφʼ οἷς from the things of which Ro 6:21 (this passage perh. uses a commercial metaphor, for pap s. Mayser II/2, 434f §121). εἰς ὸ̔ν the one in whom Ro 10:14a.—So Mt 26:50 (s. bα above), if the words to be supplied are about as follows: friend, (do that) for which you have come! (so ESchwartz, ByzZ 25, 1925, 154f; EOwen, JTS 29, 1928, 384–86; WSpiegelberg, ZNW 28, 1929, 341–43; FZorell, VD 9, 1929, 112–16; sim. PMaas, Byz.-Neugriech. Jahrb. 8, ’31, 99; 9, ’32, 64; WEltester: OCullmann Festschr., ’62, 70–91; but s. iβ end.—S. Jos., Bell. 2, 615 at πάρειμι 1a).

ג. Only in isolated instances does the demonstr. pron. to be supplied stand in another case: οὗ = τούτῳ, οὗ in him of whom Ro 10:14b. παρʼ ὧν = τούτοις, παρʼ ὧν Lk 6:34.

ⓒ Constructions peculiar in some respect

α. The pleonastic use of the pers. pron. after ὅς (Mlt. 94f; B-D-F §297) γυνὴ ἧς εἶχεν τὸ θυγάτριον αὐτῆς Mk 7:25 is found in older Gk. (Hyperid., Euxen. 3 ὧν … τούτων.—Kühner-G. II 433f), and is not unknown in later Gk. (POxy 117, 15), but above all is suggested by Semitic languages (LXX; GrBar 2:1; Thackeray 46; JHudson, ET 53, ’41/42, 266f); the omission of αὐτῆς in the v.l. is in line w. Gk. usage. οὗ τὸ πτύον ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ Mt 3:12; Lk 3:17. οὗ … τῶν ὑποδημάτων αὐτοῦ Mk 1:7; Lk 3:16. οὗ τῷ μώλωπι αὐτοῦ 1 Pt 2:24 v.l. οὗ καὶ πολλὰ αὐτοῦ συγγράματα EpilMosq 2. In a quot. ἐφʼ οὓς ἐπικέκληται … ἐπʼ αὐτούς Ac 15:17 = Am 9:12. οὗ ἡ πνοὴ αὐτοῦ 1 Cl 21:9. Esp. freq. in Rv 3:8; 7:2, 9; 9:11 v.l.; 13:8, 12; 20:8.

β. constructions ‘ad sensum’

א. a relative in the sing. refers to someth. in the pl. οὐρανοῖς … ἐξ οὗ (οὐρανοῦ) Phil 3:20.

ב. a relative in the pl. refers to a sing. (Jdth 4:8 γερουσία, οἵ) πλῆθος πολύ …, οἳ ἦλθον Lk 6:17f. κατὰ πόλιν πᾶσαν, ἐν αἷς Ac 15:36. Cp. ἤδη δευτέραν ἐπιστολήν, ἐν αἷς (i.e. ἐν ταῖς δυσὶν ἐπιστ.) 2 Pt 3:1.

ג. the relative conforms to the natural gender rather than the grammatical gender of its antecedent noun τέκνα μου, οὕς Gal 4:19; cp. 2 J 1; Phlm 10. ἔθνη, οἵ Ac 15:17 (Am 9:12); cp. 26:17. παιδάριον, ὅς J 6:9. θηρίον, ὅς Rv 13:14. ὀνόματα, οἵ 3:4 v.l. γενεᾶς σκολιᾶς, ἐν οἷς Phil 2:15. W. ref. to Christ, τὴν κεφαλήν, ἐξ οὗ Col 2:19.

ⓓ Attraction (or assimilation) of the relative. Just as in Hdt. and freq. Att., ins, pap, LXX, the simple relative ὅς, ἥ, ὅ is somet. attracted to the case of its antecedent, even though the relationship of the relative within its own clause would demand a different case.

α. In most instances it is the acc. of the rel. that is attracted to the gen. or dat. of the antecedent: περὶ πράγματος οὗ ἐὰν αἰτήσωνται Mt 18:19. τῆς διαθήκης ἧς ὁ θεὸς διέθετο Ac 3:25. Cp. Mt 24:50b; Mk 7:13; Lk 2:20; 3:19; 5:9; 9:43; 15:16; J 4:14; 7:31; 15:20; 17:5; 21:10; Ac 1:1; 2:22; 22:10; 1 Cor 6:19; 2 Cor 1:6; 10:8, 13; Eph 2:10; 2 Th 1:4; Jd 15 al.—When the antecedent is an understood but unexpressed demonstr. pron. (s. b, beg.) that would stand in the gen. or dat., the acc. of a relative pron. can be attracted to this gen. or dat.: οὐδὲν ὧν ἑώρακαν is really οὐδὲν τούτων ἃ ἑώρακαν Lk 9:36 (Schwyzer II 641); ἅ takes on the case of τούτων which, in turn, is omitted (so already Soph., Pla., et al.).—23:14, 41; Ac 8:24; 21:19, 24; 22:15; 25:11; 26:16; Ro 15:18; 1 Cor 7:1; Eph 3:20; Hb 5:8. ὧν = τούτων, οὕς J 17:9; 2 Cor 12:17. οἷς = τούτοις, ἅ Lk 24:25.

β. The dat. of the relative is less frequently attracted (B-D-F §294, 2; Rob. 717) ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ἧς (=ᾗ) ἀνελήμφθη Ac 1:22 (cp. Lev 23:15; 25:50; Bar 1:19); Eph 1:6; 4:1; 1 Ti 4:6 v.l.; κατέναντι οὗ ἐπίστευσεν θεοῦ = κατέν. τοῦ θεοῦ ᾧ ἐπίστ. Ro 4:17. διὰ τῆς παρακλήσεως ἧς παρακαλούμεθα 2 Cor 1:4.

γ. In relative clauses that consist of subject, predicate, and copula, the relative pron. somet. agrees in gender and number not w. the noun to which it refers, but w. the predicate if it is the subj. and, conversely, w. the subj. if it is the pred. of its own clause: πνεύματι …, ὅς ἐστιν ἀρραβών Eph 1:14 v.l. τῷ σπέρματί σου, ὅς ἐστιν Χριστός Gal 3:16. τὴν μάχαιραν τοῦ πνεύματος, ὅ ἐστιν ῥῆμα θεοῦ Eph 6:17.—Rv 4:5; 5:8.

δ. Inverse attraction occurs when the relative pronoun attracts its antecedent to its own case (as early as Hom.; also Soph., Oed. Rex 449; s. Kühner-G. II 413; Schwyzer II 641; B-D-F §295; Rob. 717f); τὸν ἄρτον ὸ̔ν κλῶμεν, οὐχὶ κοινωνία … ἐστιν; = ὁ ἄρτος ὅν … 1 Cor 10:16. λίθον, ὸ̔ν ἀπεδοκίμασαν … οὗτος ἐγενήθη (Ps 117:22) Mt 21:42; Mk 12:10; Lk 20:17; 1 Pt 2:7 v.l.—παντὶ ᾧ ἐδόθη πολύ, πολὺ ζητηθήσεται παρʼ αὐτοῦ Lk 12:48. ὅρκον, ὸ̔ν ὤμοσεν (=μνησθῆναι ὅρκου ὅν) 1:73 (s. W-S. §24, 7 note). τοὺς λίθους, οὓς εἶδες, ἀποβεβλημένους, οὗτοι … ἐφόρεσαν Hs 9, 13, 3. Cp. 1J 2:25.

ε. Attraction can, as in earlier Gk. (Thu. 2, 70, 4), fail to take place when the relative clause is more distinctly separated fr. its antecedent by additional modifiers of the noun and by the importance attaching to the content of the relative clause itself (B-D-F §294, 1; Rob. 714f): τῆς σκηνῆς τῆς ἀληθινῆς, ἣν ἔπηξεν ὁ κύριος, οὐκ ἄνθρωπος Hb 8:2. But s. also Mk 13:19; J 2:22; 4:5; Ac 8:32; 1 Ti 4:3; Tit 1:2; Phlm 10; Hb 9:7; Rv 1:20.

ⓔ The noun which is the antecedent of a relative clause can be incorporated into the latter

α. without abbreviating the constr. and without attraction of the case: ᾗ οὐ δοκεῖτε ὥρᾳ = τῇ ὥρᾳ ᾗ οὐ δοκ. Mt 24:44; cp. Lk 12:40; 17:29, 30. ἃ ἡτοίμασαν ἀρώματα 24:1. ὸ̔ ἐποίησεν σημεῖον J 6:14. ὸ̔ θέλω ἀγαθόν Ro 7:19.

β. w. abbreviation, in that a prep. normally used twice is used only once: ἐν ᾧ κρίματι κρίνετε κριθήσεσθε = ἐν τῷ κρίματι, ἐν ᾧ κρίνετε, κριθήσεσθε Mt 7:2a. Cp. vs. 2b; Mk 4:24. ἐν ᾧ ἦν τόπῳ = ἐν τῷ τόπῳ ἐν ᾧ ἦν J 11:6. καθʼ ὸ̔ν τρόπον = κατὰ τὸν τρόπον, καθʼ ὅν Ac 15:11.

γ. w. a change in case, due mostly to attraction

א. of the relative pron. περὶ πάντων ὧν ἐποίησεν πονηρῶν = περὶ πάντων πονηρῶν, ἃ ἐπ. Lk 3:19. περὶ πασῶν ὧν εἶδον δυνάμεων = περὶ πασῶν δυνάμεων, ἃς εἶδον 19:37. αἰτίαν … ὧν ἐγὼ ὑπενόουν πονηρῶν Ac 25:18.—The dat. of the relative is also attracted to other cases: ἄχρι ἧς ἡμέρας = ἄχρι τῆς ἡμέρας, ᾖ Mt 24:38; Lk 1:20; 17:27; Ac 1:2. ἀφʼ ἧς ἡμέρας Col 1:6, 9.

ב. of the noun to which the rel. refers: ὸ̔ν ἐγὼ ἀπεκεφάλισα Ἰωάννην, οὗτος ἠγέρθη = Ἰωάννης ὸ̔ν κτλ. Mk 6:16 εἰς ὸ̔ν παρεδόθητε τύπον διδαχῆς = τῷ τύπῳ τῆς διδαχῆς εἰς ὸ̔ν παρεδόθητε Ro 6:17.

δ. The analysis is doubtful in passages like περὶ ὧν κατηχήθης λόγων = περὶ τῶν λόγων οὓς κατηχήθης or τῶν λόγων, περὶ ὧν κατηχήθης Lk 1:4. ἄγοντες παρʼ ᾧ ξενισθῶμεν Μνάσωνι Ac 21:16 must acc. to the sense = ἄγοντες πρὸς Μνάσωνα, ἵνα ξενισθῶμεν παρʼ αὐτῷ. S. B-D-F §294, 5; Rob. 719.

ⓕ The prep. can be omitted before the relative pron. if it has already been used before the antecedent noun: ἐν παντὶ χρόνῳ ᾧ (=ἐν ὧ.) Ac 1:21. εἰς τὸ ἔργον ὅ (=εἰς ὅ) 13:2. ἀπὸ πάντων ὧν (=ἀφʼ ὧν) vs. 38. Cp. 26:2. ἐν τῷ ποτηρίῳ ᾧ (=ἐν ᾧ) Rv 18:6.

ⓖ The neut. is used

α. in explanations, esp. of foreign words and of allegories: ὅ ἐστιν which or that is, which means: βασιλεὺς Σαλήμ, ὅ ἐστιν βασιλεὺς εἰρήνης Hb 7:2; cp. Mt 27:33; Mk 3:17; 7:11, 34; 15:42. Also ὅ ἐστιν μεθερμηνευόμενον Mt 1:23; Mk 5:41; Ac 4:36; cp. J 1:38, 41f. ὅ ἐστιν μεθερμηνευόμενος κρανίου τόπος Mk 15:22 v.l. (for μεθερμηνευόμενον). τόπος, ὸ̔ λέγεται, Ἑβραϊστὶ Γολγοθά J 19:17.—S. also αὐλῆς, ὅ ἐστιν πραιτώριον Mk 15:16. λεπτὰ δὺο, ὅ ἐστιν κοδράντης 12:42. τοῦ σώματος αὐτοῦ, ὅ ἐστιν ἡ ἐκκλησία Col 1:24. πλεονέκτης ὅ ἐστιν εἰδωλολάτρης Eph 5:5. τὴν ἀγάπην ὅ ἐστιν σύνδεσμος τῆς τελειότητος Col 3:14.—B-D-F §132, 2.

β. when the relative pron. looks back upon a whole clause: τοῦτον τ. Ἰησοῦν ἀνέστησεν ὁ θεός, οὗ πάντες ἡμεῖς ἐσμεν μάρτυρες Ac 2:32; cp. 3:15; 11:30; 26:9f; Gal 2:10; Col 1:29; 1 Pt 2:8; Rv 21:8.

γ. ὅ is to be understood as an obj. acc. and gains its content fr. what immediately follows in these places (s. W-S. §24, 9; Rob. 715): ὸ̔ ἀπέθανεν, τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ ἀπέθανεν ἐφάπαξ = τὸν θάνατον, ὸ̔ν ἀπέθανεν κτλ. what he died, i.e. the death he suffered, he suffered for sin Ro 6:10a; cp. vs. 10b. ὸ̔ νῦν ζῶ ἐν σαρκί the life that I now live in the flesh Gal 2:20.

ⓗ The relative is used w. consecutive or final mng. (result or purpose): τίς ἔγνω νοῦν κυρίου, ὸ̔ς συμβιβάσει αὐτόν; who has known the mind of the Lord, so that he could instruct him? 1 Cor 2:16 (cp. Is 40:13). ἄξιός ἐστιν ᾧ παρέξῃ τοῦτο he is worthy that you should grant him this Lk 7:4. ἀποστέλλω τὸν ἄγγελόν μου …, ὸ̔ς κατασκευάσει Mt 11:10. ἔπεμψα Τιμόθεον …, ὸ̔ς ὑμᾶς ἀναμνήσει 1 Cor 4:17. ἔχετε μεθʼ ἑαυτῶν, εἰς οὓς ἐργάσεσθε τὸ καλόν 21:2.

ⓘ taking the place of the interrogative pron.

α. in indirect questions (Soph., Oed. Rex 1068; Thu. 1, 136, 4; Attic ins of 411 B.C. in Meisterhans³-Schw.; pap [Witkowski 30, 7]; oft. Joseph. [Schmidt 369]; Just., D. 44, 4 διʼ ἧς ὁδοῦ). ὸ̔ ἐγὼ ποιῶ what I am doing J 13:7. ἃ λέγουσιν 1 Ti 1:7 (Just., D. 9, 1 οὐ γὰρ οἶδας ὸ̔ λέγεις).—J 18:21.

β. NT philology has generally dismissed the proposition that ὅς is used in direct questions (Mlt. 93; B-D-F §300, 2; Radermacher² 78; PMaas [see 1bβב above]). An unambiguous example of it is yet to be found. Even the ins on a goblet in Dssm., LO 100ff [LAE 125–31], ET 33, 1922, 491–93 leaves room for doubt. Therefore also the translation of ἐφʼ ὸ̔ πάρει Mt 26:50 as ‘what are you here for?’ (so Goodsp., Probs. 41–43; similarly, as early as Luther, later Dssm.; JWilson, ET 41, 1930, 334) has been held suspect. S. ZNW 52, ’61, 109ff.—Rob. 725 doubts the interrogative here, but Mlt-Turner 50 inclines toward it. If further proof for interrogative use of ὅς can be found, lit.-crit. considerations (s. vv. 14–16) invite attention to the v.l. (s. Tdf. app.) ἐφʼ ᾦ, a combination used in commercial documents (PGrenf II, 17, 2; 5; Mayser II/1 p. 215); the colloquial use suggests the sense: What deal did you make?—See also 1bβב above.

ⓙ combined w. particles

α. with ἄν (ἐάν), s. ἄν I. b.

β. with γέ (s. γέ aβ and cp. PFlor 370, 9) Ro 8:32.

γ. w. δήποτε whatever J 5:3(4) v.l. (the vv.ll. vary betw. οἵῳ and ᾧ, δηποτοῦν and δήποτε).

δ. w. καί who also Mk 3:19; Lk 6:13f; 7:49 al.

ε. with περ = ὅσπερ, ἥπερ, ὅπερ (TestSol, TestAbr; TestJob 7:13; JosAs 14:12; GrBar; ApcSed 2:1; Jos., Ant. 2, 277, Vi. 95; apolog. [exc. Mel.]) just the one who Mk 15:6 v.l. ὅπερ which indeed Ox 840, 35; ISm 4:1. πάντα ἅπερ whatever GPt 11:45.

ⓚ used w. preposition (s. also above: 1bα; 1bβב; 1eβ,γ; 1f, and s. Johannessohn, Präp. 382f [ind.]), whereby a kind of conjunction is formed:

α. with ἀντί: ἀνθʼ ὧν (s. ἀντί 4) because Lk 1:20; 19:44; Ac 12:23; 2 Th 2:10; therefore Lk 12:3.

β. w. εἰς: εἰς ὅ to this end 2 Th 1:11.

γ. with ἐν: ἐν οἷς connects w. the situation described in what precedes under which circumstances = under these circumstances Lk 12:1; Ac 24:18 v.l.; 26:12. So also perh. ἐν ᾧ 1 Pt 1:6; 2:12; 3:16, 19; 4:4. S. also ἐν 7 and cp. 1bα above.

δ. w. ἐπί: ἐφʼ ᾧ (normally, ‘for which’: Plut., Cimon 483 [8, 6] Cimon receives honors in requital for his generous deed [cp. the pl. ἐφʼ οἷς IPriene 114, 22 of honors heaped on a gymnasiarch for his numerous contributions]; cp. Plut., Mor. 522e and Diog. L. 7, 173. Conversely Plut., Aratus 1048 [44, 4]: A. suffers some dishonor ‘for what’ he did to one of his associates) has freq. been interpreted=ἐπὶ τούτῳ ὅτι for the reason that, because Ro 5:12 (lit. on ἁμαρτία 3a); 2 Cor 5:4; Phil 3:12; for 4:10. But a commercial metaphor may find expression in the first 3 passages cited here; s. ἐπί 6c. Difft. on Ro 5:12 JFitzmyer, NTS 39, ’93, 321–39; also comm. (Anchor), ad loc.: ‘with the result that, so that’

ε. οὗ χάριν therefore Lk 7:47.

ζ. in indications of time: ἀφʼ ἧς (s. ἀπό 2bγ and cp. BGU 252, 9 [98 A.D.]) from the time when; since Lk 7:45; Ac 24:11; 2 Pt 3:4; Hs 8, 6, 6 v.l.; as soon as, after 8, 1, 4.—ἀφʼ οὗ (s. ἀπό 2bγ) when once, since Lk 13:25; 24:21; Rv 16:18. ἄχρι οὗ (s. ἄχρι 1bα) until (the time when) Ac 7:18; Ro 11:25; 1 Cor 11:26; Gal 3:19. Also ἕως οὗ until Mt 1:25; 13:33; 14:22; 17:9; Lk 13:21; D 11:6 al. μέχρις οὗ until Mk 13:30; Gal 4:19.—On the gen. οὗ as an adv. of place s. it as a separate entry.

② Demonstrative pron. this (one) (Hom.+; prose of Hdt. et al. [Kühner-G. II 228f]; pap, LXX).

ⓐ ὸ̔ς δέ but he (Ps.-Lucian, Philopatris 22; PRyl 144, 14 [38 A.D.]) Mk 15:23; J 5:11 v.l. Mostly

ⓑ ὸ̔ς μὲν … ὸ̔ς δέ the one … the other (Hippocr.+; very oft. in later wr.; POxy 1189, 7 [c. 117 A.D.]; SibOr 3, 654) the masc. in var. cases of sing. and pl. Mt 22:5; Lk 23:33; Ac 27:44; Ro 14:5; 1 Cor 11:21; 2 Cor 2:16; Jd 22f. ὸ̔ μὲν … ὸ̔ δέ this … that Ro 9:21. ἃ μὲν … ἃ δέ (Lucian, Rhet. Praec. 15) some … others 2 Ti 2:20. ὸ̔ς μὲν … ὸ̔ς δὲ … ὸ̔ς δέ Mt 21:35; 25:15 (Lucian, Tim. 57 διδοὺς … ᾧ μὲν πέντε δραχμάς, ᾧ δέ μνᾶν, ᾧ δὲ ἡμιτάλαντον). ὸ̔ μὲν … ὸ̔ δὲ … ὸ̔ δέ Mt 13:8b, 23. ᾧ μὲν … ἄλλῳ δὲ … ἑτέρῳ (ἄλλῳ δέ is then repeated five times, and before the last one there is a second ἑτέρῳ) 1 Cor 12:8–10. ὸ̔ μὲν … καὶ ἄλλο κτλ. Mk 4:4. ὸ̔ μὲν … καὶ ἕτερον (repeated several times) Lk 8:5. ἃ μὲν … ἄλλα δέ (repeated several times) Mt 13:4–8a. In anacoluthon οὓς μέν without οὓς δέ 1 Cor 12:28. ὸ̔ς μὲν … ὁ δὲ ἀσθενῶν Ro 14:2.—B-D-F §250. MBlack, An Aramaic Approach³, ’67, 100f.—DELG 1 ὅς. M-M.