σχίσω

σχίζω

split: aor subj act 1st sg

σχίζω

split: fut ind act 1st sg

σχίζω

split: aor ind mid 2nd sg (homeric ionic)

     σχίζω

    (fut. σχίσω, aor. ἔσχισα; pass.: aor. ἐσχίσθην, pf. ἔσχισμαι)

    1) разрывать

    

(ὀνύχεσσι Hes.; τὸ καταπέτασμα ἐσχίσθη εἰς δύο NT.)

    2) рассекать, разрубать

    

(κάρα πελέκει Soph.; σ. δώδεκα μοίρας HH.)

    3) раскалывать, колоть

    

(ξύλα Xen.)

    4) разрезать, взрывать, вспахивать

    

(νῶτον γᾶς Pind.)

    5) расщеплять, разделять

    

Νεῖλος μέσην Αἴγυπτον σχίζων Her. — Нил, разделяющий Египет посредине;

κατα-σχίζω, [tense] fut. -

A

σχίσω X.An.7.1.16

:—cleave asunder, split, slit, Ar.V. 239, cj. in Hp.Mochl. 36 ([voice] Pass.); κ. τὰς πύλας, τὰς θύρας, burst them open, X. l.c., D.21.79; tear,

τοὺς χιτωνίσκους Phld.Ir.p.39

W.: —[voice] Med.,

κατεσχίσω τὸ ῥάκος Ar.Ra. 405

(lyr.):—[voice] Pass., of nerves or veins, branch, Gal.2.390, 8.65; of leaves, Dsc.2.130.

σχίζω, Hdt.2.17, S.El.99 (anap.), etc.: poet. [tense] impf.

A

σχίζον Pi.P. 4.228

: [tense] fut.

σχίσω LXX Su.55

: [tense] aor.

ἔσχισα Od.4.507

([etym.] ἀπο-), h.Merc. 128, etc., [dialect] Ep.

σχίσσα Hes.Sc. 428

:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

σχισθήσομαι LXX Za. 14.4

: [tense] pf. ἔσχισμαι (v. infr.):—split, cleave,

ῥινὸν ὀνύχεσσι Hes.

l.c.; ἔσχισε δώδεκα μοίρας, i.e. divided them into twelve parts, h.Merc.l.c.; σ. νῶτον γᾶς, of the plough, Pi. l.c.;

σχίσσαις κεραυνῷ Ζεὺς χθόνα Id.N.9.24

;

ποδὶ γᾶν Id.Fr. 167

;

κάρα πελέκει S.

l.c.; esp. of wood, X.An. 1.5.12, etc.; of the wind,

σ. περὶ πρῷραν τὰ κύματα Simon.25

(dub.); but

πρῷρα σ. τὸ κῦμα Luc.Am.6

; [

θάλασσα] σχιζομένη ταῖς κώπαις Placit.3.3.2

; ἔσχισε νῆα θάλασσα shattered it, AP9.40 (Zos.); σ. ὑποδήματα cut out, opp. νευρορραφεῖν, X.Cyr.8.2.5 (cf. πρόσχισμα); tear, ἱμάτιον Gloss.;

τριβώνιον ἐσχισμένον BGU928.20

,22 (iii A.D.);

οἱ ἀποθανόντες ἐσχισμένοις ἐνειλοῦνται ῥάκεσιν ὡς καὶ τὰ βρέφη Artem.1.13

.

2 generally, part, separate, divide, Νεῖλος μέσην Αἴγυπτον σχίζων Hdt.l.c., cf. 4.49;

σ. διχῇ τὸ γένος Pl.Sph. 264d

;

κατὰ μῆκος Id.Ti. 36b

; σ. τὰς φλέβας divide them, ib. 77d:—[voice] Pass.,

σχισθέντα A.Ag. 623

;

φλὲψ σχιζομένη Hp.Art.20

;

ἐσχίσθη ὁ ποταμός Hdt.1.75

; Νεῖλος σχίζεται τριφασίας ὁδούς branches into three channels, Id.2.17, cf. 15 (so

ὁ λύχνος ἔσχισται διδύμην φλόγα AP12.199

(Strat.));

περὶ ὃ σχίζεται τὸ τοῦ Νείλου ῥεῦμα Pl.Ti. 21e

;

σχιζομένης τῆς ὁδοῦ Hdt.7.31

; ἡ στρατιὴ ἐσχίζετο the army divided, Id.8.34; of a bird's wings (cf. σχιζόπτερος), Arist.PA 642b28; of feet divided into toes (cf. σχιζόπους), Id.HA 494a12; and of various parts of the body, ib. 495b4, 507a13; branch off, ἀπὸ [τοῦ στελέχους] Thphr.HP1.1.9;

φύλλα ἐσχισμένα εἰς έ μοίρας Dsc.4.41

.

3 σχίζειν γάλα make milk curdle, i. e. separate the whey from the curds, Id.2.70; cf.

σχίσις 2

.

II metaph. of divided opinions,

σφεων ἐσχίζοντο αἱ γνῶμαι Hdt.7.219

, cf. X.Smp.4.59;

ἐσχίσθησαν ταῖς γνώμαις Gal. 16.728

. (Cf. Lat. scindo, Goth. skaidan 'separate', etc.)

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to split, to cut, to separate' (Pi., Hdt., Att. etc.).

Other forms: Aor. σχίσ(σ)αι (Od.), pass. σχισθ-ῆναι (P 316), fut. - ήσομαι, act. σχίσω, perf. midd. ἔσχισμαι (hell. a. late).

Compounds: Very often w. prefix, e.g. ἀπο-, δια-, ἀνα-, περι-.

Derivatives: A. With unchanged root-auslaut: 1. σχίδα σχίδος σινδόνος, ῥῆγμα (cod. π-) H. like κλάδ-α acc. sg. (Schwyzer 507); if not Dor. or hell. nom. (Kretschmer Glotta 10, 170); as 2. member in ἀπο-, δια-, παρα-σχίδες pl. (rarely sg. - σχίς) f. `secessions, branchings etc.' (medic. a.o.). 2. σχίδ-αξ, - ᾰκος m. `split wood, piece of wood, splinter' (LXX, D. S. a.o.) with - ακηδόν, ὑπο- σχίζω - ακώδης (medic.); cf. χάραξ, κάμαξ a.o. 3. σχίδος την ἀπόσχισιν H.; but - σχιδής, e.g. in ἀ-, ἀκρο-, νεο- σχίζω (hell. a. late) directly from the verb. 4. σχίδ-ια ὠμόλινα H., Lat. schidia f. sg. `chip of wood' (Vitr.). 5. σχιδανός (as πιθανός) in σχίζω - πους (Arist.) = σχιζό-πους `with split feet, toes' (Arist.). -- B. With altered root-auslaut: 1. σχίζα f. `split wood, piece of wood etc.' (Hom., Ar., pap. a.o.), `shaft, javelin' (LXX,AP); from *σχίδ-ι̯α or adapted to σχίζω (Schwyzer 474); dimin. - ίον n. (Poll., Alciphr.); - ίας m. `lath, lath-like' (Cratin., Dikaiarch., hell. pap. a.o.). 2. σχιστός (ἄ- σχίζω etc.) `split' (Hp., Att.). 3. σχίσις ( ἀπό-, διά- a.o.) f. `split, carving' (Pl., Arist. etc.). 4. σχισ-μός ( δια-, περι-, ὑπο-, ἐν-) m. `id.' (A. Ag. 1149, Delph. inscr., pap. a.o.); - μα (also w. ἀπό-, διά- a.o.) n. `split, tear' (Arist., Thphr. etc.); - μή f. `id.' (LXX, H.); from - σμο-, - σμα or from σχιδ-μ- reshaped (Schwyzer 321 a. 493).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [919] * skid- `cut, split, separate'

Etymology: The above words form a system built on an IE basis, which was richly developed inside Greek. For closer comparison esp. the following form can be used: 1. ἀπο-σχίδ-ες = Skt. apa-chíd- f. `section, clipping'. 2. σχιστός = Lat. scissus (from * scid-to-s), Av. a-sista-; diff. Skt. chinná- (from *chid-ná-). 3. Aor. σχίσαι, - ασθαι: Skt. aor. midd. chit-s-i (cf. the reserved remarks in Schwyzer 751). 4. A trace of the old nasalpresent in Lat. sci-n-dō, Skt. chi-ná-d-mi, pl. chi-n-d-ánti `cut off, split' not retained in σκινδάλαμος etc. s.v.. On the other hand the yod-present σχίζω is isolated and is like the other verbforms notably a Greek. innovation. Against identification of σχίζεται and the Skt. pass. chid-yá-te Wackernagel Unt. 133. Beside σχίζω stands with full grade Lith. skíedžiu `separate, divide'. 5. Independent of σχίσις (innovation; cf. πίστις) is Skt. ví-chitti- `interruption'. -- Further cognates, a.o. Arm. c'tim (from * c'it-im) `tear itself, scratch', for Greek without direct interest, in Bq, WP. 2, 543 f., Pok. 920f., W.-Hofmann s. scindō w. lit. -- Lat. LW [loanword] scheda f. `stroke of papyrus' from *σχίδη (or σχίδα?; s. above A. 1), also `concept' through influence of schedium n. `unprepared speech, draft, scetch' = late- a. NGr. σχέδιον `id.' (on the meaning s. σχέδιος to σχεδόν), σχεδάριον; on this till Ital. schizzo, Fr. esquisse, NHG Skizze; s. Kretschmer Glotta 10, 168 ff. == Other words mentioned by Frisk but not cognate with σχίζω s.vv: σκινδαλ(α)μός, σκινδύλιον, σκιδαρόν, σκοιδ-.

Page in Frisk: 2,838-840

σχίζω fut. σχίσω; 1 aor. ἔσχισα. Pass.: fut. 3 sg.; aor. ἐσχίσθην; pf. ptc. pl. ἐσχισμένοι Is 36:22 (Hom. Hymns et al.; pap, LXX, Test12Patr; JosAs 14:3; ParJer 2:5; Philo; Jos., Ant. 8, 207; 20, 97)

① to divide by use of force, split, divide, separate, tear apart, tear off lit. τὶ someth.

ⓐ act. τὸ ξύλον split the wood (Antig. Car. 142 ξύλον σχίσας; Paradoxogr. Flor. 9; Paroem. Gr.: Apostolius 7, 24a) Ox 1 recto, 8 (GTh 77; cp. Eccl 10:9, also Gen 22:3; 1 Km 6:14 and see ἐγείρω 10). τὸ καινὸν σχίσει he will tear the new Lk 5:36b. Cp. J 19:24. ἐπίβλημα ἀπὸ ἱματίου σχ. tear (off) a patch from a garment Lk 5:36a (cp. Jos., Ant, 8, 207).

ⓑ pass. be divided, be torn, be split αἱ πέτραι ἐσχίσθησαν the rocks were split Mt 27:51b (cp. Is 48:21; TestLevi 4:1; PTebt 273, 43; 52 λίθος σχισθείς). Of the curtain in the temple (s. καταπέτασμα) ἐσχίσθη (it) was torn (cp. Anacr. 95b Diehl; as portent, cp. Plut., Dem. 894 [12, 3] of Athena’s robe, which was rent [ἐρράγη] during a procession) Lk 23:45; εἰς δύο (cp. schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 4, 282–91b p. 281, 10 W. σχίζεται εἰς δύο; Polyb. 2, 16, 11 εἰς δύο μέρη; PGM 13, 262 σχίσον εἰς δύο=in two) Mt 27:51a; Mk 15:38 (D + μέρη). Of a net J 21:11. Of the dome of heaven Mk 1:10 (JosAs 14:4 ἐσχίσθη ὁ οὐρανός; Himerius, Or. [Ecl.] 32, 14 οὐρανὸν σχίσας for a divine announcement, to bring from the house of Zeus a pure soul, τῶν θείων φασμάτων παρʼ ἡμᾶς τὴν οὐσίαν διαπορθμεύουσαν=who communicates to us the nature of the divine appearances).

② to tear apart a group through conflicting aims or objectives, fig. ext. of 1

ⓐ act. cause a division/schism IPhld 3:3 (cp. Dionys. Alex. in Eus., HE 6, 45).

ⓑ pass. become divided/disunited (X., Symp. 4, 59 ἐσχίσθησαν, καὶ οἱ μὲν …, οἱ δέ) ἐσχίσθη τὸ πλῆθος Ac 14:4; 23:7 (cp. Diod S 12, 66, 2 τοῦ πλήθους σχιζομένου κατὰ τὴν αἵρεσιν; Celsus 3, 10; Ps.-Lucian, Asin. 54 εἰς δύο γνώμας).—B. 564; 845. DELG. M-M. TW.