πέπνευκα

πνέω

blow: perf ind act 1st sg

     πνέω

    эп. πνείω (fut. πνεύσω и πνεύσομαι - редко πνευσοῦμαι, aor. ἔπνευσα, эп. aor. 2 ἔπνῠον, pf. πέπνευκα; pass.: aor. ἐπνεύσθην, pf. πέπνῡμαι, ppf. ἐπεπνύμην - эп. πεπνύμην с ῡ)

    1) дуть, веять

    

(οὖροι πνείοντες Hom.)

    2) ( о духовых инструментах) издавать звуки, играть

    

ἡδὺ π. Anth. — издавать сладостные звуки

    3) издавать запах, пахнуть

    

ἡδὺ π. Hom. — благоухать;

    4) дышать

    

(ὅσσα πνείει τε καὴ ἕρπει Hom.)

    5) сопеть, храпеть

    

(οἱ πνείοντες ἵπποι Hom.; ὕπνῳ π. Aesch.)

    6) перен. дышать, быть исполненным

    

πόθου π. Anth. — дышать (гореть) страстью;

    7) вдыхать, вдохновлять, pf. pass. быть разумным

    

πεπνυμένος Hom. — разумный;

πνέω, poet. πνείω as always in Hom. exc. Od.5.469: [tense] fut. πνεύσομαι ([etym.] ἐκ-) E.HF 886 (lyr.), ([etym.] ἐμ-) Id.Andr. 555, ([etym.] παρα-) Hp.Mul.2.133; also

A

πνευσοῦμαι Ar.Ra. 1221

, Arist.Mete. 367a13, Thphr.Sign.34, Palaeph.17;

πνεύσω Thphr.Sign.32

, LXXPs.147.7(18), Si.43.20, Gp. 1.12.34, AP9.112 (Antip.Thess.), ([etym.] ἀνα-) Q.S.13.516 ( συμ-πνευσόντων is f.l. in D.18.169): [tense] aor. 1

ἔπνευσα Hes.Op. 506

, Hdt.2.20, etc., ([etym.] ἐν-) Il.17.456, ([etym.] ἀν-) S.Aj. 274: [tense] pf. πέπνευκα ([etym.] ἐπι-) Pl.Phdr. 262d, ([etym.] ἐκ-) Arist.Pr. 904a1:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. πνευσθήσομαι ([etym.] δια-) Aret.CA1.1: [tense] aor. ἐπνεύσθην ([etym.] δι-) Thphr.HP5.5.6, etc.—Hom. and early Prose writers use the simple Verb only in [tense] pres. and [tense] impf., to which Trag. add [tense] fut. and [tense] aor. 1 [voice] Act.—For the form ἄμπνυε, v. ἀναπνέω; for ἀμπνύνθη, -πνυτο, v. ἄμπνυτο; and for [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. πέπνῡμαι, part. πεπνῡμένος, v. πέπνυμαι.—Like other disyll. Verbs in -έω, this Verb contracts only εε, εει; but ἐκπνέων is disyll. in A.Ag. 1493, 1517 (both lyr.):—blow, of wind and air,

οὐδέ ποτ' οὖροι πνείοντες φαίνονθ' Od.4.361

;

αὔρη δ' ἐκ ποταμοῦ ψυχρὴ πνέει 5.469

;

ἐτησίαι.. οὐκ ἔπνευσαν Hdt.2.20

, etc.; τῷ πνέοντι (sc. ἀνέμῳ or πνεύματι) Luc. Cont.3; ἡ πνέουσα (sc. αὔρα) Act.Ap.27.40; also of a flute-player,

μέγα πνέων Poll.4.72

; and of the flutes themselves,

αὐλοὺς ἡδὺ πνέοντας AP6.254

(Myrin.); πνεῖται flutes are sounding, Mnesim.4.57 (anap.).

II breathe, send forth an odour,

ἀμβροσίη.. ἡδὺ πνείουσα Od.4.446

; π. εὐῶδες, δυσῶδες, Poll.2.75, etc.: abs., Dsc.3.80.

2 c. acc., breathe out, send forth,

Ζεφύρου πνείοντος ἐέρσην Call.Ap. 82

.

3 c. gen., breathe or smell of a thing,

οὐ μύρου πνέον S.Fr. 565

;

τράγου π. AP11.240

(Lucill.);

μόγοιο Q.S.6.164

;

λύθρου καὶ αἵματος Id.5.120

( ἐπιπν- codd.): rarely c. dat.,

μύροισι π.

smell with..,

AP5.199

: freq. metaph., breathe, be redolent of,

Χαρίτων πνείοντα μέλη Simon.184.3

;

ὄμματα.. πόθου πνείοντα AP5.258

(Paul. Sil.); φόνου π. cj. in Tryph.505;

αὐθαδείας πολὺς ἔπνει D.H.7.51

.

III of perceptible breathing, [

ἵππω] πνείοντε κατ' ὤμων Il.13.385

;

π. ὕπνῳ A.Ch. 621

(lyr.).

IV generally, draw breath, breathe: hence, live, Il.17.447; οἱ πνέοντες, = οἱ ζῶντες, S.Tr. 1160;

ὄλβος ἀεὶ πνεῖ Simm.25.12

;

ἥμισύ μευ ψυχῆς ἔτι τὸ πνέον Call.Epigr.42

.

V metaph., c. acc. cogn., breathe forth, μένεα πνείοντες breathing spirit, epith. of warriors, Il.2.536,3.8, 11.508, etc.; so

πῦρ π. Hes.Th. 319

, Pi. Fr. 146;

φόνον δόμοι πνέουσιν A.Ag. 1309

;

κότον πνέων Id.Ch.34

(lyr.), cf. 951 (lyr.);

φρενὸς πνέων τροπαίαν Id.Ag. 219

(lyr.); Ἄρη πνεόντων ib. 376 (lyr.); πνέων χάριν τινί ib. 1206;

πῦρ πνειόντων.. ἄστρων S.Ant. 1146

(lyr.);

πῦρ π. καὶ φόνον E.IT 288

;

ὠδῖνας Id.HF 862

: paratrag. in Com.,

πνέοντας δόρυ καὶ λόγχας Ar.Ra. 1016

; τρέχει τις Ἀλφειὸν πνέων, of a swift runner, Id.Av. 1121, etc.; and in a rhetorical passage,

οἱ πῦρ πνέοντες, οἱ νενικηκότες Λακεδαιμονίους X.HG7.5.12

.

2 with neut. Adjs. or Prons., πνέοντες μεγάλα giving themselves airs, E.Andr. 189; τόσονδ' ἔπνευσας ib. 327;

κενεὰ πνεύσαις Pi.O.10(11).93

;

χαμηλὰ πνέων Id.P.11.30

: abs., ὑπὲρ σακέων πνείοντες breathing over their shields, i. e. unable to repress their rage for war, Hes.Sc. 24;

θρασείᾳ πνέων καρδίᾳ Pi.P.10.44

: with nom.,

Ἄρης.. μέγας πνέων E.Rh. 323

;

πολὺς ἔπνει καὶ λαμπρός D.25.57

;

οὗτος.. καικίας ἢ συκοφαντίας πνεῖ Ar.Eq. 437

; ᾧ σὺ μὴ πνεύσῃς ἐνδέξιος on whom thou breathest not favourably, Call.Epigr.10.3.

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to blow, to breathe, to respire, to smell'.

Other forms: ep. πνείω (metr. length.), aor. πνεῦσαι (Il.), ipv. ἄμπνυε, midd. -ῡτο, -ύ̄( ν)θη (Hom.), fut. πνεύ-σομαι (IA.). - σοῦμαι (Ar., Arist.), - σω (hell.), perf. πέπνευκα (Att.), pass. πνευσ-θῆναι (Thphr.), - θήσομαι (Aret.).

Compounds: Very often w. prefix, e.g. ἀνα-, ἀπο-, εἰσ-, ἐκ-, ἐν-, ἐπι-, προσ-.

Derivatives: 1. πνοή, Dor. πνο(ι)ά, ep. πνοιή (- οι- metr. condit. after πνείω, Risch 119; on other explanations, which are not to be preferred, Scheller Oxytonierung 83 n. 2 w. lit.) f. `wind, breeze, breath' (Il.); ἀνα-, δια-, ἐκ-πνέω etc. etc.; very often as 2. member, e.g. ἡδύ- ( ἁδύ-)πνοος, - πνους `with a pleasant wind, breath' (Pi., S., E.), ἐπί-πνοος, - πνους `inspired' with ἐπίπνο-ια f. `inspiration' (A., Pl.); - πνοια also beside - πνοή in ἀνά-, ἀπό-, διά- πνέω a.o.; here ἀναπνο-ϊκος `concerning breathing' (Ptol.). 2. πνεῦμα ( ἄμ-, πρόσ- πνέω) n. `wind, breeze, breath, ghost' (Pi., IA.) with πνευμά-τιον (hell.), - τικός `concerning the wind etc.' (Arist.; on the further life (Nachleben) in the westeur. languages. Chantraine Studii clasice 2, 70f.), - τιος `bringing wind' (Arat.), - τώδης `wind-, breathlike of nature, windy' (Hp., Arist.), - τίας m. `asthmatic' (Hp.) with - τιάω `to gasp' (sch.); - τόω, - τόομαι `to blow up, to (cause to) vaporize' (Anaxipp., Arist.) with - τωσις, - τωτικός; - τίζω ( ἀπο-) `to fan by blowing' (Antig., H.) with - τισμός. 3. πνεῦσις f. `blowing', more usu. the compp., e.g. ἀνάπνευ-σις `to breathe again, to inhale, respite' (Il.). 4. With second. σ and τ-suffix as in ἄ-πνευσ-τος, - τί, - τία: πνευσ-τικός `belonging to breathing' (Gal.), more usu. ἀνα-πνέω (Arist.) a.o.; - τιάω `to gasp' (Hp., Arist.). 5. εἴσπν-ηλος, - ήλας `loving, lover' (Call., Theoc., EM), from εἰσ-πνέω `to inspire (love)' with analog. - ηλος; cf. Chantraine Form. 242.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [838] * pneu- `breathe, cough, clow, smell'

Etymology: The regular structure of the above forms is clearly the result of a generalising development, which will also have had zero grade formations as πνεῦσις, ἄπνευστος. Outside the general pattern there are only the isolated ep. forms ἄμ-πνυ-ε etc. `take breath' = `recover from', which may provide a bridge to the semantically slightly deviating but certainly belonging here πέ-πνυ-μαι, - μένος, `mentally active, animated, be sedate'; cf. Ruijgh L'élém. ach. 134 f. Not here prob. πινυ-τή, πινυτός a. cognates, which have only been connected on difficult assumptions; s.v. In any case ἄμπνυε, πέπνυ-μαι are not with Schulze Q. 322 ff. to be separated from πνέω. -- From other languages only some Germ. formations can be compared: OWNo. fnýsa `sniff', OE fnēosan `sneeze', which like πνευ- may contain an IE eu-diphthong; beside them there are however several variants, e.g. OWNo. fnasa, OHG fnehan, which show the unstable character of these orig. onomatop. words. Uncertain is the connection of Skt. abhi-knū́yate `be moist, sound, stink' (Dhātup., Lex.) with dissim. from * abhi-pn- (Mayrhofer s. knū́yate). -- The further analysis of πνέ(Ϝ)-ω in * p-ne-u-mi with nasal infix to the root pu- (assumption by Schwyzer 696 α after Pedersen IF 2, 314) is in the case of a word of this meaning hardly convincing. Further forms w. lit. in WP. 2, 85, Pok. 838f. Here also ποιπνύω; cf. also πνί̄γω.

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