πυρκαίη

πυρκαϊῇ, πυρκαιά

funeral pyre: fem dat sg (epic ionic)

πυρκαιός

for burnt-offerings: fem dat sg (epic ionic)

πυρκαϊῇ, πυρκαιά

funeral pyre: fem dat sg (epic ionic)

πυρκαιός

for burnt-offerings: fem dat sg (epic ionic)

πυρκαϊή, πυρκαιά

funeral pyre: fem nom /voc sg (epic ionic)

πυρκαιός

for burnt-offerings: fem nom /voc sg (epic ionic)

μᾰραίνω, [tense] fut.

A

μᾰρᾰνῶ Orph.Fr. 262

, Epigr.Gr. 854 ([place name] Delos): [tense] aor.1

ἐμάρᾱνα h.Merc. 140

, S.OT 1328, etc.:—[voice] Med., [tense] aor. ἐμᾰρηνάμην (v. infr.):—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

μᾰρανθήσομαι Ep.Jac.1.11

, Gal.7.691: [tense] aor.

ἐμᾰράνθην Il.9.212

, Lyc.1231, etc.: [tense] pf.

μεμάρασμαι Dsc.1.99

, Luc.Anach. 25, μεμάραμαι (leg. - αμμ-) v.l. in Dsc. l.c., Plu.Pomp.31: [ per.] 3sg. [tense] plpf.

μεμάραντο Q.S.9.371

:— quench fire, ἀνθρακιήν h.Merc.l.c.:—[voice] Pass., die away, go slowly out, of fire, φλὸξ ἐμαράνθη Il.l.c.;

πυρκαϊὴ ἐμαραίνετο 23.228

, cf. AP5.4 (Stat. Flacc.): distd. from σβέννυσθαι as that which goes out of itself, Arist.Cael. 305a11; of rays of light, Arat.862.

II later, in various senses, ὄψεις μ. quench the orbs of sight, S.l.c.; esp. waste, wither, [

νόσος] μαραίνει με A.Pr. 597

(lyr.);

γῆρας ἁμὲ μαραῖνον ταριχεύει Sophr.54

;

κάλλος ἢ χρόνος ἀνάλωσεν ἢ νόσος ἐμάρανε Isoc.1.6

;

μάραινε [αὐτὸν] διώγμασι A.Eu. 139

;

πίνος πλευρὰν μ. S.OC 1260

;

πάνθ' ὁ μέγας χρόνος μ. Id.Aj. 714

(lyr.), Philem.240;

ἀδικία φθείρει [τὴν ψυχὴν] καὶ μ. Pl.R. 609d

:—[voice] Med.,

νέους ἐμαρήνατο δαίμων IG5(1).1355

([place name] Abia):—[voice] Pass., waste away, καμάτοισι (v.l. ὑπὸ νούσοις) Emp.[156.3];

νόσῳ E.Alc. 203

;

τὸ σῶμα οὐκ ἐμαραίνετο Th.2.49

, cf. Pl.Plt. 270e; but also of a tumour, disappear, Hp.Epid.7.84; αἷμα.. μαραίνεται χερός blood dies away from my hand, A.Eu. 280; of a river, dry up, Hdt.2.24;

μ. ἡ κίνησις Arist. Pr. 901a26

; of a musical sound, die away, ib. 921b15;

τὸ νοεῖν μ. Id.de An. 408b24

; of winds and waves, abate, Plu.Pyrrh.15, Mar.37; of wine, lose its strength, Id.2.692d;

κῦδος μαρανθέν Lyc.1231

, cf. 1127; μ. ἀκμή, δύναμις, Plu.Fab.2, Caes.3;

τῶν ἐπιθυμιῶν καὶ ὀργῶν μεμαρασμένων Porph.Abst.3.26

. (Perh. cf. Lat. morbus; signf. 11 may be the earlier in origin.)

πυρ-κᾰϊά, [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. [suff] πυρ-ϊή, ἡ: trisyll.

A

πυρκαιά E.Supp. 1207

: ([etym.] καίω):— funeral pyre,

νεκροὺς πυρκαϊῆς ἐπενήνεον Il.7.428

;

πυρκαϊὴ ἐμαραίνετο 23.228

; κατὰ πυρκαϊὴν σβέσαν αἴθοπι οἴνῳ quenched the burning pyre, ib. 250; πυρκαιὰς νεκρῶν E.l.c.;

χλωρίωνι, ὃν.. μυθολογοῦσι γενέσθαι ἐκ πυρκαϊᾶς Arist.HA 609b10

.

2 conflagration,

πυρκαϊῆς γινομένης Hdt.2.66

, cf. Arist.Mu. 400a29 (pl.); arson, Lex ap.D.23.22; πυρκαϊᾶς γραφή, δικάζειν, Poll.8.40, 117.

3 metaph., flame of love,

δι' ὅσης ἤλθετε πυρκαϊῆς AP7.217

(Asclep.).

4 burnt ruins, D.S.16.45.

II olive-tree which has been burnt down to the stump, and grows up again a wild olive, Lys.7.24 (s. v.l.).

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `kindle', midd. pass. `burn' (Il.).

Other forms: Att. κάω, aor. καῦσαι, ep. (also Att. inscr. IG 1², 374, 96; 261) κῆαι, pass. καῆναι (ep. ion.), καυθῆναι, fut. καύσω, perf. κέκαυκα, κέκαυ(σ)μαι (IA.),

Dialectal forms: Myc. apu-kekaumeno; pukawo \/ purkawos\/

Compounds: often with prefix, e. g. δια-, ἐκ-, κατα-, ὑπο-,

Derivatives: -1. καῦμα `fire, heat, glow' (Il.) with καυματ-ώδης (Hp., Arist.), - ηρός (Str.), - ίας (Thphr.; of the sun) `burning, glowing', καυματίζω `burn, singe' (NT, Plu., Arr.). - 2. καῦσις ( ἔγκαυσις etc.) `burning' (IA.) with ( ἐγ-, κατα-)καύσιμος `inflamable' (Pl., X.; cf. Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 49f.). - 3. καῦσος m. `causus, bilious remittent fever etc.' (Hp., Arist.), from καῦσαι or rather with σο-suffix (Solmsen Wortforsch. 244, Strömberg Wortstudien 87f., Schwyzer 516); from there καυσία `Macedonian hat against the sun', καύσων `id.', also `heat, hot wind etc.' (LXX, NT, medic.; cf. Leumann Sprache 1, 207 n. 13), καυσώδης `burning, hot' (Hp., Thphr.), καυσόομαι, - όω `have causus, burn: heaten' (medic., NT, pap.) with καύσωμα `heating' (Gal.). - 4. καυ(σ)τήρ m. `burner, burning iron' (Pi., Hp.), f. fen. καυστειρῆς adjunct of μάχης (Il.), καμίνου (Nic.), from *καύστειρα (Schwyzer 474, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 192; note the switching accent); καυτήριον `branding iron, brand' (LXX, D. S., Str.), dimin. καυτηρίδιον (Gal.), denomin. verb καυτηριάζω `brand' (Str., NT). - 5. καύστης m. `heater etc.' (pap.). - 6. καύστρᾱ f. `place where corpses were burnt' (Str., inscr.). - 7. καυστικός, rare καυτ- `burning, inflamable' (Arist.). - 8. καυθμός `scorching (of trees), firewood' (Thphr., pap.). - Of the compp., e. g. ἔγκαυ-μα, - σις, -( σ)τής, - στήριον, - στον (\> Lat. encaustum; the red purple with which the Roman emperors signed, from where Fr. encre); ὑπόκαυ-σις, - στης, - στήριον, -στρᾱ a. u. - Beside these formations there are older ones, of which the connection with καίω became less clear because of phonetic developments: κᾶλον `wood', κηλέος `burning, blazing', κηώδης, κηώεις `smelling', κηυα meaning uncertain; πυρκαιᾱ́, πυρκαίη, adj. - ιός s. vv.

Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [595] * keh₂u- `burn'

Etymology: As καίω may stand for *κάϜ-ι̯ω (from where Att. κά̄ω; Schwyzer 265f.), all forms go back on καυ-, κᾰϜ- except ἔ-κη-α for *ἔ-κηϜ-α (often written with false - ει- in κείαντο etc.; Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 9; Att. κέαντος with metathesis). In *ἔ-κηϜ-α an old fullgrade root aorist is maintained (Schwyzer 745; prob. not from *ἔ-κηυ-σ-α); the full grade also in ep. κηλέος, κηώδης, and in Delph. κηυα, which shows a PGr. κηϜ- beside κᾰϜ-. - Only Baltic gives a possible connection in Lith. kū̃lės `Brandpilze, Flugbrand, Staubbrand des Getreides', kūlé̇ti `brandig werden', Latv. kũla `old, dry, grass of last year' (cf. Fraenkel Wb. s. v.); IE. zero grade kū- (\< * kuH-) beside fullgr. * keh₂us- in ἔ-κηϜ-α, zero grade *kh₂u̯- in *κάϜ-ι̯ω, καῦ-μα. Of course rather unncertain.

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