πιέσω

πιέζω

Ep..

aor subj act 1st sg

πιέζω

Ep..

fut ind act 1st sg

πιέζω

Ep..

aor ind mid 2nd sg (homeric ionic)

πῐέζω, [tense] impf. ἐπίεζον, [dialect] Ep.

A

πίεζον Od.12.174

, etc.: [tense] fut.

πιέσω Diph.18.3

; [dialect] Ep.

πιέσσω Nonn.D.4.146

: [tense] aor.

ἐπίεσα Hp.Fract.6

, Hdt.9.63, Th.2.52, etc. (but subj.

πιέξῃς Hp.Fract.5

, inf.

πιέξαι IG42(1).123.116

(Epid., iv B.C.), part. πιέξας (v.l. πιάξας) Nic.Al. 224): [tense] pf.

πεπίεκα Demetr.Lac. Herc.1012.44

:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

πιεσθήσομαι Gal.11.317

( δια-), Heliod ap. Orib.10.18.15: [tense] aor.

ἐπιέσθην Od.8.336

, Sol.13.37, Hdt.4.11, etc.;

ἐπιέχθην Hp.Fract.5

, etc.: [tense] pf.

πεπίεσμαι Arist.Mu. 392b33

, Procl.Hyp.5.49, cj. in Alciphr.3.55. etc.;

πεπίεγμαι Hp.Fract.5

.—From [full] πῐεζέω we have πιεζέουσι v.l. in Id.Fract.31 : [tense] impf. πιέζευν v.l. in Od.12.174, 196; part.

πιεζεῦντα Hp.Off.25

, Fract.9,

πιεζεῦσαν Herod.8.47

:—[voice] Pass., part.

πιεζεύμενος Hdt.3.146

, 6.108, 8.142 (always with v.l. - όμενος), Hp.Nat.Puer.21,

πιεζούμενος Plb.3.74.2

; imper.

πιεζείσθω IG4.364.7

(Corinth, iv A.D.): [tense] impf.

ἐπιεζοῦντο Plb.11.33.3

; so in later Gr., as Plu. Thes.6, Alc.2, etc.; [dialect] Dor., [dialect] Aeol., and later Gr. [full] πῐάζω Alcm.44, Alc.148: [tense] aor. 1

ἐπίᾰσα LXX Ca.2.15

, Ev.Jo.8.20;

ἐπίαξα Theoc.4.35

, ( ἀμφ- ) Ep..6: [voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

πιασθήσομαι LXX Si.23.21

: [tense] aor.

ἐπιάσθην Apoc.19.20

: [tense] pf.

πεπίασμαι POxy. 812

(i B. C.), Dsc.1.15, Hippiatr.34:—press tight, squeeze,

χειρὶ ἑλὼν ἐπίεζε βραχίονα Il.16.510

, cf. Hes.Op. 497; ἀστεμφέως ἐχέμεν μᾶλλόν τε π. Od.4.419;

μ' ἐν δεσμοῖσι δέον μᾶλλόν τε πίεζον 12.196

, cf. 164; π. τὰ χείλεα compress them, Hp.VM22; ῥύγχος εἰς ὄξος π. Axionic.8.5 ; π. τοὺς ὑπευθύνους squeezing them (like figs), to try if they are ripe, Ar.Eq. 259 ;

σφόδρα π. αὐτοῦ τὸν πόδα Pl. Phd. 117e

;

π. [τὴν δεξιὰν] ἐμπαθῶς Plb.31.24.9

: abs., X.Mem.3.10.13, Arist.Rh. 1361b17 :—[voice] Pass., to be pressed tight,

ἐν δεσμοῖς Od.8.336

, cf. Hp.Fract.25, al.; of wrestlers, Plu.Alc.2; πιέζεται ὅσα πόρους ἔχει κενούς are compressible, Arist.Mete. 386b1.

II press or weigh down, of a heavy weight,

Σικελία αὐτοῦ π. στέρνα Pi.P.1.19

, cf. Ar. Pax 1032 :—and in [voice] Pass.,

ὁ δ' ὦμος.. πιέζεται Id.Ra.30

, cf. X.Cyr.7.5.11 : metaph., oppress, distress,

π. τινὰ ἡ δαπάνη Hdt.5.35

;

λιμός A.Ch. 250

; καὶ πρὸς π. χρημάτων ἀχηνία (Abresch for προσπιέζει) ib. 301 ; συμφορὰ δ'ἑτέρους ἑτέρα π. E.Alc. 894 (lyr.);

αὐχμὸς π. τὰς ἀμπέλους Ar. Nu. 1120

; π. ἡ ἀνάγκη ib. 437, cf. Th.2.52 :—freq. in [voice] Pass.,

ὑπὸ νούσοισι Sol.13.37

;

ὑπὸ λιμοῦ Th.1.126

;

πολέμῳ Hdt.4.11

, 6.34 ;

τῇ νούσῳ Pherecyd.

ap. D.L.1.122, cf. Th.7.47 ;

ταῖς εἰσφοραῖς Lys.28.3

;

ταῖς συμφοραῖς X.Cyr.7.2.20

;

σπάνει σίτου Id.HG5.4.56

, etc.: abs., Hdt.7.121, etc.; of a river, to be exhausted from the heat of the sun, Id.2.25.

2 press hard, of a victorious army,

τοὺς ἐναντίους Id.9.63

:—[voice] Pass., τὴν πιεζομένην μάλιστα τῶν μοιρέων ib.60;

εἴ πῃ πιέζοιντο Th.1.49

, cf. X.HG2.4.34 ; ὑπό τινων ib.7.1.43.

3 bear hardly upon, τινα Pl.Cra. 409a;

τῷ λόγῳ Plu.Alc.6

;

ὑπὸ τῶν ἐλέγχων πιέζεσθαι Phld.D.3.8

; of a point in the argument, hold fast to, Pl.Lg. 965d; press it, Plb.3.21.3, Demetr.Lac. l.c., etc.; lay stress on, Plu.2.31e: c. dat., insist upon,

τοῖσι περιπάτοισι Hp.Insomn.88

.

b determine precisely,

ἀποστήματα Procl.Hyp.5.19

, cf. 49 ([voice] Pass.);

π. δεῖ πῶς ἓν ἐκεῖνο καὶ ἕτερον Porph.Sent.36

.

4 repress, stifle,

ἐν θυμῷ χόλον Pi.O.6.37

;

τὸν τῦφον Plu.Alc.4

.

5 outweigh,

τἀγαθῷ τὸ δυστυχές E.Hipp. 637

, cf. Supp. 249 (s. v.l.).

III later, lay hold of, ταῦρον.. πιάξας τᾶς ὁπλᾶς by the hoof, Theoc.4.35;

αὐτὸν τῆς χειρός Act.Ap.3.7

, cf. Ev.Jo.7.30, etc.

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to press, to push, beset' (Il.).

Other forms: - έω (Hom. as v.l.; Hp., Herod., Plb.), aor. πιέσαι (IA.), pass. πιεσθῆναι (θ 336), also πι-έξαι, - εχθῆναι (Hp., Epidaur.); fut. πιέσω, perf. midd. πεπίεσμαι (Arist.; - ίεγμαι Hp.), act. πεπίεκα; besides πιάζω (Alcm., Alc., hell.). πιάσαι (- άξαι Theoc.), πιασθῆναι, πεπίασμαι (hell.), rarely w. ἐπ-, ἀπο- a.o.

Compounds: Often w. συν-, ἐκ-, ἀπο- a.o.

Derivatives: 1. πίε-(πία-)σις ( συν-, ἀπο-πιέζω) f. `pressing, pressure' (Pl., Arist.); 2. - σμός ( ἐκ-, συν- πιέζω a.o.) m. `id.' (Hp., Arist.); 3. - σμα ( ἀπο-, ἐκ- πιέζω a.o.) n. `pressure, pressed mass' (Hp., Eub.); 4. - στήρ m. `presser, press' (Att. inscr., medic.) with - στήριος `pressing', n. `press' (Dsc.); 5. - στρον n. `id.' (Hp., Gal.).

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: On πιεζ-έω as innovation beside older πιέζ-ω cf. κυρ-έω beside κύρ-ω a.o. (Schwyzer 721). Also πιάζω is an innovation (after the verbs in - άζω; perh. also phonet. explainable; s. Schwyzer 244 w. lit., a.o. Wackernagel IF 25, 336f. = Kl. Schr. 2, 1032 f.). -- Not certainly interpreted. Great semantic and phonetic similarity shows Skt. pīḍáyati `squeeze, press, hurt', which stands first for * pizd- and would give Gr. *πίζω. For it πιέζω after ἕζω (Schwyzer 721 n. 5)? Diff., very hard, Kuiper Acta Or. 12, 227f.: πιέζω from *pii̯es-dō as full grade of * pis-d- in Skt. pīḍ-. Further combinations hypothetic: * piz-d- from * pis-d- as d-enlargement of IE * pis- in Lat. pīnsō `pound, crush' (Fick, Curtius a. A.; cf. πτίσσω). -- Earlier (Brugmann, Osthoff etc.; s. Bq s.v. and WP. 2, 486 [Pok. 887]) from *(e)pi-sed-i̯ō resp. *( e)pi-zd- (\> pīḍáyati) prop. *"sit upon" = `squeeze' explained; against this Kuiper l.c. and Mayrhofer s.v. w. rich lit. and many details.

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