μεμίασμαι

μιαίνω

stain: perf ind mp 1st sg

μῐαίνω, [tense] fut.

A

μιᾰνῶ Antipho 2.2.11

; [ per.] 3sg.

μιᾰνεῖ Berl.Sitzb.1927.158

([place name] Cyrene), LXX Is.30.22, al.: [tense] aor.

ἐμίηνα Il.4.141

, Hp.Flat.14, App. BC2.104,

ἐμίᾱνα Pi.N.3.16

, S.Fr. 104, E.Hel. 1000, IA[1595], LXX Ge. 34.5, al.; part.

μιάνας Sol.32.3

: [tense] pf.

μεμίαγκα Plu.TG21

:—[voice] Med., [tense] aor.

ἐμιήνατο Nonn.D.45.288

:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

μιανθήσομαι Pl.R. 621c

: [tense] aor. ἐμιάνθην, [dialect] Ep. μιάνθην (v. infr.): [tense] pf. μεμίασμαι (v. infr.),

μεμίαμμαι LXX Nu.5.14

, al., D.C.51.22; [ per.] 3sg.

μεμίανται Porph.Abst.4.16

(but [ per.] 3pl., Phalar.Ep.121.2); inf.

μεμιάνθαι D.S.36.13

, but

μεμιάσθαι Horap.1.44

: Cyrenaic [tense] aor. 2 [voice] Pass. ἐμίᾱν in [ per.] 3sg. subj.

μιᾷ Berl.Sitzb. 1927.160

, al.: [tense] fut. [voice] Pass. μιᾱσέω in [ per.] 3sg. ind. μιᾱσεῖ ib. 164:—stain, dye,

ὡς δ' ὅτε τίς τ' ἐλέφαντα γυνὴ φοίνικι μιήνῃ Il.4.141

;

ὥσπερ ἔβενος περίδρομος ἐλέφαντα τὸν βραχίονα μιαίνων Hld.10.15

.

2 stain, sully,

μιάνθησαν ἔθειραι αἵματι καὶ κονίῃσι Il.16.795

, cf. 23.732;

μιάνθην αἵματι μηροί 4.146

;

αἵματι πεσεῖ μιανθείς S.OC 1374

, cf. A.Ag. 209 (lyr.);

τοὺς θεῶν βωμοὺς αἵματι μ. Pl.Lg. 782c

;

μ. βωμὸν εὐγενεῖ φόνῳ E.IA

l. c.;

βορβόρῳ.. ὕδωρ μιαίνων λαμπρόν A.Eu. 695

.

3 freq. of moral pollution, taint, defile, Pi. l. c., etc.; κλέος Sol.l. c., E.Hel. l. c.;

τὸ καλῶς πεφυκὸς οὐδεὶς ἂν μιάνειεν λόγος S.Fr. 104

;

ἑνὶ πόνῳ πολλὰ καὶ λαμπρὰ ἔργα μιῆναι App.BC2.104

;

εὔφημον ἦμαρ κακαγγέλῳ γλώσσῃ μ. A.Ag. 637

;

μιαίνων εὐσέβειαν Ἄρης Id.Th. 344

(lyr.);

τὴν δίκην Id.Ag. 1669

; τὰ ἱερά, τὸ θεῖον, Pl.Lg. 868b, Ti. 69d;

οἶκον θόρυβος μιαίνει Porph.Abst.4.12

;

θεοὺς μιαίνειν οὔ τις ἀνθρώπων σθένει S.Ant. 1044

;

τὴν ἁγνείαν τῶν θεῶν Antipho 2.2.12

, cf. 2.1.10; dishonour a woman, LXX Ge.34.5, al.:— [voice] Pass., incur defilement, A.Supp. 366, E.Or.75, Berl.Sitzb. ll. cc., etc.;

τὴν ψυχήν Pl.R. 621c

;

τῆς ἄλλης [γῆς] αὐτῷ μεμιασμένης Th.2.102

;

ἡ ψυχὴ μεμιασμένη καὶ ἀκάθαρτος Pl.Phd. 81b

; μιανθέντες τῷ τῆς ἀσεβείας μολυσμῷ Aristeas 66; of ritual defilement in funeral rites, IG 12(5).593.25 ([place name] Iulis).

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `stain, soil, defile, esp. defile through bloodcrime'.

Other forms: aor. μιᾶναι, μιῆναι, pass. μιανθῆναι (Il.), fut. μιανῶ (Cyrene, Antipho), pass. fut. a. perf. μιανθήσομαι, μεμίασμαι (Att.), act. perf. μεμίαγκα (Plu.), pass. aor. subj. 3. sg. μιᾳ̃ w. fut. μιασεῖ (Cyrene; Schwyzer 743 w. n. 9 a. 786),

Compounds: Rarely w. prefix as ἐκ-, κατα- συν-. Comp. μιαι-φόνος `committing a defiling murther, stained by murther', adjunct of Ares (in E und Φ, B., Hdt., E.; μιη-φόνος Archil.) with - έω (Att.), - ία (D., D. S., Plu.). -- Isolated are w. χ-suffix (Schwyzer 498, Chantraine Form. 403f.) the expressive μίαχος μίασμα, μιαχρόν \<οὑ?\> καθαρόν H.

Derivatives: μίασμα n. `defilement, abomination, horrible stain' (IA; on the formation etc. Porzig Satzinhalte 241), μιασμός m. `defilement' (LXX, Plu.), μίανσις f. `id.' (LXX); μιάστωρ m. `defiler, avenging ghost, avenger' (trag., late prose; - σ- as in μίασμα, cf. also ἀλάστωρ and Schwyzer 531; unnecessary objections in Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 24); μιάντης m. `id.' (EM), ἀ-μίαν-τος `unstained' (Thgn., Pi.), w. des. of a stone = asbestos (Arist., Plin., Dsc.). -- Beside μιαρός (Il.), μιερός (Call.) `defiled, soilt, polluted, esp. through bloodcrime' with μιαρ-ία (Att.), - ότης (An. Ox.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [966] * smei(d)- `semear'

Etymology: "With the r-n-change - αίνω: - αρός, μιαίνω: μιαρός ( ἰαίνω: ἱερός?; s. Fraenkel Glotta 20, 92 f. with Debrunner IF 21, 32 a. 43) follow a wellknown scheme" says Frisk; a certain non-Greek agreement is however not known; but r\/n after a is hard to explain as IE. Improbable or quite uncertain hypotheses: to Skt. mū́tram n. `urine', Av. mūÞra- n. `impureness' (Fick GGA 1881, 1427; agreeing Bechtel Lex. 227; in vowel deviating); to Lith. máiva `marsh-bottom', miẽlės `yeast', Germ., e.g. OHG meil(a) `stain, blemish' (Persson Beitr. 1, 221; the last with Grienberger and Wiedemann), to which after H. Petersson Heteroklisie 180 ff. (w. further uncertain combinations) also Arm. mic, gen. mc-i `dirt, mud' (IE *miǵ-). -- The 1. member in μιαι-φόνος is prob. as in ταλαί-πωρος to be taken as verbal (" ὁ μιαίνων φόνῳ"); beside it μιη-φόνος like Άλθη- beside Άλθαι-μένης [but this remains unexplained]; a long syllable was metr. needed. Details in Schwyzer 448. A subst. *μι(Ϝ)ᾱ, esp. with a supp. loc. μιαι- (Persson Stud. 155, Bechtel Lex. s.v. a. Dial. 3, 118f.) is not credible. -- WP. 2, 243 w. more forms, Pok. 697, Fraenkel Wb. s. máiva. - Blanc, BSL 96(2001)153-179 tries to connect Goth. bi-smeitan `besmear, strike', bur there is no certain evidence for s- in Greek, which would have unlengthened * smei-; the development of the meaning in Germanic is difficult. If there is no etymology, the word will rather be Pre-Greek. Did it have *m^ya(n)-, with palatal *m-? We know that an \/a\/ could be pronounced as [e] after a palatalized consonant; so here we may have the origin of the ε\/α- alternation in Greek.

Page in Frisk: 2,235-236