κατά-σπασμα

κατά-σπασμα, ατος, τό, in pl.,

A vibrations of the reed-tongue of a pipe, Thphr.HP4.11.5.

II part, fragment,

τῆς στρατιᾶς J.BJ5.12.1

(dub.l.), cf. Hsch. and Suid. s.v. κάταγμα.

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to draw', e.g. a sword, `to pull out, to tug, to wince, to attract, to snatch, to pull off, to sprain, to drag or to lure somewhere, to pull in, to suck in, to slurp down' (S., Ar. a. o.)

Other forms: Aor. σπάσαι, σπάσ(σ)ασθαι, pass. σπασθῆναι (Il.), fut. σπάσω, - ομαι, perf. midd. ἔσπασμαι (IA.), act. ἔσπακα (Ar., Arist. a. o.).

Compounds: Very often w. prefix in different shades of meaning, e.g. ἀνα-, ἀπο-, δια-, ἐπι-, κατα-, περι-.

Derivatives: A. From the unenlarged root: 1. σπάσις, mostly to the prefixed verbs, e.g. ἀνάσπα-σις (: ἀνα-σπάσαι, - σπᾶν) `pulling in' etc. (Hp., Arist. etc.). 2. σπασμός ( ἐπισπασμός etc.) m. `wincing, spasm, violent movement' (IA.) with σπασμ-ώδης, κατα-σπασμ-ικός. 3. σπάσμα ( ἀπόσπασμα etc.) n. `spasm, sprain, shred, scrap' (IA); on σπάσις, - σμός, - σμα Chantraine Form. 145 a. 147. -- 4. - σπαστος in ἐπίσπασ-τος `brought upon oneself, incurred' (Od. etc.) a.o.; σπαστικός ( κατα-, περι-) `pulling in, slurping in' (Arist.). -- 5. - σπα-στήρ, - ῆρος m. in ἐπισπαστήρ (Hdt., AP; - σπατήρ inscr.), ποτισπαστήρ (Epid. IV--III<sup>a</sup>) "attractor", `thong which draws the door, bird string, net'; ἐπίσπαστρον n. `id.' (LXX, D.S. a. o.). --B. With δ-enlargement: 1. παρα-σπάς, - άδος f. `shoot torn off and planted' (Thphr.), ἀπο- σπάω `twig torn off' (AP, Nonn.). 2. σπάδῑξ, -ῑκος m. `(torn off) twig, espec. palm twig' (Nic., Plu. etc.); Lat. LW [loanword] spădīx `date-coloured' (s. W.-Hofmann s.v.). 2. σπάδιον n. `race-track' (Argos, H; "the lenghty one"; cf. στάδιον). 3. σπαδών, - όνος f. `spasm, convulsion' (Hp., Nic.) with - ονίζω, - ονισμός. 4. σπάδων, - ωνος m. `eunuch' (LXX, Plb. a.o.), also σπάδος (Eust.; vgl. E. Maass RhM 74, 432ff.). -- C. With τ-enlargement: σπάτος n. `(removed) skin' (H., sch. Ar. Pax 48 [Boeot.]) with σπάτειος in σπατείων δερματίνων H., as 1. member in Σ\<πα\> το-ληασταί m. pl. guild of fullers in Argos (Rom. time; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 176). -- D. Derived verbs: σπάζει σκυζᾳ̃. Άχαιοί H.; σπαδίξας aor. ptc. of σπαδίζω `to remove' (Hdt. 5, 25); σπατίζει τῶν \<σ\> πατέων ἕλκει, τῶν δερμάτων, τῶν τιτθῶν H. -- On σπάθη s. v.

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: The regular inflectional system of σπάω may have developed from the aorist σπάσαι. From there first σπασθῆναι, ἔσπασμαι, σπάσω, further σπάω, lastly ἔσπακα (cf. on κλάω). The σ-forms σπασθῆναι etc. are prob. analogical beside σπα-δ-, σπα-τ- (diff. Schwyzer 761; doubting 706). -- No immediate agreement outside Greek. Semantically very tempting is the comparison with Toch. B pāss- `draw off (the skin)' in the preterital forms passāre-ne (3. pl. act.), passāmai (1. sg. midd.), s. v. Windekens Orbis 11, 343; 12, 191, though the absence of the "movable" s- must raise doubts (- ss- moreover from - sw- acc. to v. W.). An old verbal noun seems preserved in the Lat. relict-word spatium `space etc.' (: σπάδιον with alternative dental, Schwyzer 498 n. 13 w. lit.). -- The other under spē(i)- grouped words `draw, stretch etc.' in WP. 2, 655ff. (similar Pok. 981 ff.) after Persson Beitr. 1, 386--415, a. o. OHG spanan `allure, entice' (prop. *"allure"), spāti `late', are because of the extensible meaning, the short size of the words and the variating phonetics not well usable for an exact, detailed etymological demonstration and do not help to undertsand σπάω. -- Cf. σπίδιος and σφαδάζω; also cf. σπατάλη and σπατίλη.

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Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to draw', e.g. a sword, `to pull out, to tug, to wince, to attract, to snatch, to pull off, to sprain, to drag or to lure somewhere, to pull in, to suck in, to slurp down' (S., Ar. a. o.)

Other forms: Aor. σπάσαι, σπάσ(σ)ασθαι, pass. σπασθῆναι (Il.), fut. σπάσω, - ομαι, perf. midd. ἔσπασμαι (IA.), act. ἔσπακα (Ar., Arist. a. o.).

Compounds: Very often w. prefix in different shades of meaning, e.g. ἀνα-, ἀπο-, δια-, ἐπι-, κατα-, περι-.

Derivatives: A. From the unenlarged root: 1. σπάσις, mostly to the prefixed verbs, e.g. ἀνάσπα-σις (: ἀνα-σπάσαι, - σπᾶν) `pulling in' etc. (Hp., Arist. etc.). 2. σπασμός ( ἐπισπασμός etc.) m. `wincing, spasm, violent movement' (IA.) with σπασμ-ώδης, κατα-σπασμ-ικός. 3. σπάσμα ( ἀπόσπασμα etc.) n. `spasm, sprain, shred, scrap' (IA); on σπάσις, - σμός, - σμα Chantraine Form. 145 a. 147. -- 4. - σπαστος in ἐπίσπασ-τος `brought upon oneself, incurred' (Od. etc.) a.o.; σπαστικός ( κατα-, περι-) `pulling in, slurping in' (Arist.). -- 5. - σπα-στήρ, - ῆρος m. in ἐπισπαστήρ (Hdt., AP; - σπατήρ inscr.), ποτισπαστήρ (Epid. IV--III<sup>a</sup>) "attractor", `thong which draws the door, bird string, net'; ἐπίσπαστρον n. `id.' (LXX, D.S. a. o.). --B. With δ-enlargement: 1. παρα-σπάς, - άδος f. `shoot torn off and planted' (Thphr.), ἀπο- σπάομαι `twig torn off' (AP, Nonn.). 2. σπάδῑξ, -ῑκος m. `(torn off) twig, espec. palm twig' (Nic., Plu. etc.); Lat. LW [loanword] spădīx `date-coloured' (s. W.-Hofmann s.v.). 2. σπάδιον n. `race-track' (Argos, H; "the lenghty one"; cf. στάδιον). 3. σπαδών, - όνος f. `spasm, convulsion' (Hp., Nic.) with - ονίζω, - ονισμός. 4. σπάδων, - ωνος m. `eunuch' (LXX, Plb. a.o.), also σπάδος (Eust.; vgl. E. Maass RhM 74, 432ff.). -- C. With τ-enlargement: σπάτος n. `(removed) skin' (H., sch. Ar. Pax 48 [Boeot.]) with σπάτειος in σπατείων δερματίνων H., as 1. member in Σ\<πα\> το-ληασταί m. pl. guild of fullers in Argos (Rom. time; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 176). -- D. Derived verbs: σπάζει σκυζᾳ̃. Άχαιοί H.; σπαδίξας aor. ptc. of σπαδίζω `to remove' (Hdt. 5, 25); σπατίζει τῶν \<σ\> πατέων ἕλκει, τῶν δερμάτων, τῶν τιτθῶν H. -- On σπάθη s. v.

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: The regular inflectional system of σπάω may have developed from the aorist σπάσαι. From there first σπασθῆναι, ἔσπασμαι, σπάσω, further σπάω, lastly ἔσπακα (cf. on κλάω). The σ-forms σπασθῆναι etc. are prob. analogical beside σπα-δ-, σπα-τ- (diff. Schwyzer 761; doubting 706). -- No immediate agreement outside Greek. Semantically very tempting is the comparison with Toch. B pāss- `draw off (the skin)' in the preterital forms passāre-ne (3. pl. act.), passāmai (1. sg. midd.), s. v. Windekens Orbis 11, 343; 12, 191, though the absence of the "movable" s- must raise doubts (- ss- moreover from - sw- acc. to v. W.). An old verbal noun seems preserved in the Lat. relict-word spatium `space etc.' (: σπάδιον with alternative dental, Schwyzer 498 n. 13 w. lit.). -- The other under spē(i)- grouped words `draw, stretch etc.' in WP. 2, 655ff. (similar Pok. 981 ff.) after Persson Beitr. 1, 386--415, a. o. OHG spanan `allure, entice' (prop. *"allure"), spāti `late', are because of the extensible meaning, the short size of the words and the variating phonetics not well usable for an exact, detailed etymological demonstration and do not help to undertsand σπάω. -- Cf. σπίδιος and σφαδάζω; also cf. σπατάλη and σπατίλη.

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σπάω, S.Ant. 1003, Ar. Pax 498, etc.: [tense] fut. σπάσω [ᾰ] Lyc.484, ([etym.] δια-) Hdt.7.236, ([etym.] ἐπι-) S.Aj. 769: [tense] aor.

A

ἔσπᾰσα Il.13.178

(tm.), [dialect] Ep.

σπάσα 5.859

(tm.), etc.: [tense] pf.

ἔσπᾰκα Arist.Pr. 930a21

, ([etym.] ἀν-) Hp.Superf. 22, Ar.Ach. 1069:—[voice] Med., [tense] fut.

σπάσομαι Hp.Vict.2.38

, etc.: [tense] aor.

ἐσπᾰσάμην Il.19.387

, Hdt.3.29, Philostr.VA7.42, [dialect] Ep.

σπασάμην Od. 10.166

, [dialect] Ep. also σπάσσασθε, σπασσάμενος (v. infr.):—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

σπασθήσομαι Gal.16.760

, ([etym.] δια-) X.An.4.8.10: [tense] aor.

ἐσπάσθην Il.11.458

, etc.: [tense] pf.

ἔσπασμαι Hp.Morb.1.20

, ([etym.] δι-) Th.6.98, etc.; also in med. sense, X.An.7.4.16, Cyr.7.5.29. Mostly poet. ( ἕλκω being preferred in Prose):— draw, hence,

I of a sword, draw, mostly in [voice] Med.,

φάσγανά τε σπάσσασθε Od.22.74

;

σπασσάμενος.. ἄορ παχέος παρὰ μηροῦ Il.16.473

;

ἐκ δ' ἄρα σύριγγος.. ἐσπάσατ' ἔγχος 19.387

;

σπασαμένων τὰς μαχαίρας PTeb.48.19

(ii B.C.), cf. 138 (ii B.C.): in [voice] Act.,

ξίφος σπάσαντα E.Or. 1194

;

φάσγανον σπάσας χερί Id.IT 322

:—[voice] Pass., ἐσπασμένοι τὰ ξίφη having their swords drawn, X.An.7.4.16;

ἐσπασμένον ὃν εἶχεν ἀκινάκην Id.Cyr.7.5.29

;

ἐσπασμένοις τοῖς ξίφεσι D.S. 4.52

.

2 of other things,

ἐκ χειρὸς χεῖρα σπάσατο Od.2.321

;

σπασάμην ῥῶπάς τε λύγους τε 10.166

; ὡς ἕκαστος ἔσπασεν τύχης πάλον drew the lot (out of the helmet), A.Ag. 333:—[voice] Pass., σπασθέντος (sc. ἔγχεος ἔξω χροός) Il.11.458.

3 abs., σπᾶτ' ἀνδρείως pull, hoist away, like men, Ar. Pax 498.

II of violent actions, pluck off or out,

κόμην S.OT 1243

;

λάχνην Id.Tr. 690

; cf. σπαστέος.

2 tear, rend, esp. of ravenous animals, S.Ant. 258, 1003; λαιμοτόμους κεφαλάς dub. l. in E.IA 776 (lyr.); σ. τοῖς ὄνυξιν [τοὺς νεοττούς], of the eagle, Arist.HA 619b31:—[voice] Pass., φλέβιον, σάρκα σπασθῆναι, Hp.Morb. 1.17.

3 wrench, sprain,

τὸ σκέλος ἔσπασε Plu.Arat.33

:—[voice] Pass.,

τὸν μηρὸν σπασθῆναι Hdt.6.134

;

τοὺς πόδας E.Cyc. 639

.

4 snatch, tear or drag away,

πῶλον παρὰ συννόμων Pl.Lg. 666e

;

ὑπὸ πτερῶν E. Andr. 441

:—[voice] Pass.,

ἔλαφον ἀπ' ἐμῶν γονάτων σπασθεῖσαν Id.Hec.92

(lyr.); ἐκ βραχίονος σπασθείς ib. 408.

5 metaph., carry away, draw aside,

ἀλλά σ' ἔσπασεν πειθώ S.El. 561

;

τὰ πάθη οἷον νεῦρα σ. ἡμᾶς Pl. Lg. 644e

.

6 Medic., cause convulsion or spasm, v.l. in Hp.Art. 67:—[voice] Pass., to be convulsed,

σπασθεὶς ἀποθνῄσκει Id.Aph.5.5

, Thphr. HP 4.4.13, etc.; ἐσπᾶτο γὰρ πέδονδε καὶ μετάρσιος, of Heracles in his agony, S.Tr. 786, cf. σπάσμα, σπασμός: metaph., to be harassed, anxious, Arr.Epict.1.1.16.

III draw in, suck in,

θρόμβον αἵματος A. Ch. 533

;

ἔσπασεν ἄμυστιν ἑλκύσας E. Cyc. 417

; συνεκθανεῖν σπῶντα χρὴ τῷ πώματι ib. 571;

μεστὴν ἀκράτου Θηρίκλειον ἔσπασεν Alex.5

, cf. 285; opp. λάπτω, κάπτω, Plu. 2.699d, cf.

σπάσις 11

; σ. τὸν μαστόν suck it, Arist.HA 587a33;

σ. ἀμυστί Ael.NA6.51

; and in [voice] Med.,

ταυρείου σπασάμενος αἵματος Apollod.1.9.27

:—[voice] Pass., of the female, to be sucked, Arist.HA 576b11 ( τὸ ἄγαν σπᾶσθαι prob. l.); cf.

ἕλκω A. 11.4

.

2 σ. τὸ πνεῦμα draw breath, Id.Resp.473a2;

τὸν ἀέρα τὸν κοινόν Men.531.7

; absorb,

ἕκαστον τῶν τοῦ σώματος τὸ αὑτῷ οἰκεῖον ἐσπακέναι Arist.Pr. 930a21

.

3 metaph., derive, τροφήν, of winds, Hp.Vict.2.38;

πειθώ τε καὶ εἵμερον ἔσπασε ἐκ..

drew, derived..,

IG14.889

([place name] Sinuessa); σ. ἔρωτα enjoy it, Opp.H.4.270; ὀλίγον ὕπνου ς. snatch a little sleep, Hld.5.1:—[voice] Med., Id.2.16.

IV draw tight, pull the reins,

χαλινῷ τὸ στόμα τοῦ ἵππου X.Eq.9.7.1

, cf. 9.5; but

τὸν χαλινὸν ἐκ τῶν ὀδόντων ἵππου Pl.Phdr. 254e

.

2 of angling,

ἡ μήρινθος οὐδὲν ἔσπασεν Ar. Th. 928

: hence prov., οὐκ ἔσπασεν ταύτῃ γε 'he took nothing by his motion', Id.V. 175.

V derive,

ἐπωνυμίαν παρά τινων Philostr.VS2.10.6

, cf. Ael.NA14.15 ([voice] Med.); ἀρχὴν λυρικῆς καὶ πέρας ς. AP9.184 (s. v.l.); ῥίζαν σ. τινός derive one's origin from.., Lyc.623;

σ. τὴν κλῆσιν ἀπό τινος S.E.M.1.46

;

ἔννοιαν θεοῦ ἐκ τῶν κατὰ τοὺς ὕπνους φαντασιῶν Epicur.Fr. 353

.