κένσαι

κένσαι, [full] κέντᾱσε,

A v. κεντέω.

κεντέω

prick: aor inf act (epic)

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `sting' (Pi.).

Other forms: aor. κένσαι (Ψ 337), κεντῆσαι (Hp., κέντᾱσα Theoc. 19, 1), pass. κεντηθῆναι (Arist.) with κεντηθήσομαι (Hdt.), κεντήσω (S.), κεκέντημαι (Hp.),

Compounds: also with prefix, e. g. κατα-, παρα-, ἀπο-, δια-,

Derivatives: 1. κένσαι for *κέντ-σαι (Schwyzer 287) points to κεντ- (present or aorist?; s. below) of which the dental before dental gave κεσ-. Thus κεσ-τός (\< *κεντ-τός) `stitched' (ep.; Ammann Μνήμης χάριν 1, 17); κέσ-τρον `pointed iron ' (Plin.) with κεστρωτός and κέστρωσις (H.; *κεστρόω), κέσ-τρος `kind of arrow etc.' (Plb., D. H., H.) with dimin. κεστρίον (Attica) and κέστρειον `stock of arrows (?)' (Delos III^a); κέσ-τρα f. `sharp hammer, arrow' (S., Ph. Bel., Hero), also a fishname = σφύραινα (Ar.; after te form of the body, Strömberg Fischnamen 35); here κεστρεύς `mullet' (IA.; Bosshardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 51) and κεστρῖνος, - ινίσκος `id.' (Com.). - 2. Through reshaping after κεντ-έω (not with ρο-suffix as Fraenkel KZ 42, 118 n. 1) rose κέντρον `sting', as geometrical term. techn. `resting bone of a compass, center of a cirkel' (Il.), with many compounds and derivv., e. g. κεντρ-ηνεκής `driven by the sting' (Il.; cf. with diff. function δουρ-, ποδ-ηνεκής); subst. κέντρων s. v.; adj. like κεντρικός, κεντρώδης, κεντρήεις; fish- and plant names as κεντρίνης, κεντρίσκος, κεντρίτης (Strömberg Fischnamen 47, Redard Les noms grecs en - της 83, 111); denomin. verbs κεντρόω `with a sting, sting' (IA), κεντρίζω `sting' (X.); from κέντρον as backformation κέντωρ m. `goader, driver' (Il., AP; Fraenkel Glotta 2, 32). - 3. From κεντέω ( κεντῆ-σαι, - σω): κέντημα `the sting, the mosaic' (Arist., inscr. Smyrna [Rom. Emp.]), κεντητής `mosaic-worker' ( Edict. Diocl.), κεντητήριον `picker' (Luc.), κεντητικός `stingy' (Thphr.), κεντητός `stitched, with mosaic' (Epikt., pap.). - 4. With old ablaut κοντός m. "the stinger", `pole, crutch, staf to drive on cattle' (ι 487; LW [loanword] Lat. contus with percontor) with κοντά-κιον, - άριον, - ίλος, - ωτός a. o.; here κοντός `short' (Adam.) from κοντο-μάχος, - βόλος, - βολέω, where κοντός was taken as `short'; thus in κοντο-πορεία (Plb.), s. Hatzidakis Festschrift Kretschmer 35ff.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [567] *ḱent- `sting'

Etymology: To the sigmatic aorist κένσαι \< *κέντ-σαι was after unknown example a present κεντ-έω created (cf. Schwyzer 706), to which came κεντῆ-σαι, κεντή-σω etc. - Other languages have only isolated nominal formations: OHG hantag `pointed', deriv. from PGm. * handa- (formally = κοντός), Latv. sīts `hunting spear' (= Lith. *šiñtas \< IE. *ḱentos- n.?), and some Celtic words, e. g. Bret. kentr `spur', Welsh cethr `nail', but these are all prob. loans from Lat. centrum. - See W.-Hofmann 2, 423, Pok. 567.

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κεντ-έω, Pi.P.1.28, etc.: [tense] fut. - ήσω S.Aj. 1245: [tense] aor.

A

ἐκέντησα Hp. Epid.5.45

, [dialect] Dor.

κέντᾱσα Theoc.19.1

; [dialect] Ep.inf. κένσαι (as if from Κέντω) Il.23.337:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. - ηθήσομαι ( συγ-) Hdt.6.29: [tense] aor.

ἐκεντήθην Arist.Spir. 483b16

, Thphr.HP9.15.3: [tense] pf.

κεκέντημαι Hp.Anat. 1

:—prick, goad, spur on, Il.l.c., Ar.Nu. 1300, etc.: prov., κ. τὸν πῶλον περὶ τὴν νύσσαν, of impetuous haste, Suid.

2 of bees and wasps, sting, Ar.V. 226, al.; Ἔρωτα κακὰ κέντασε μέλισσα Theoc.l.c.;

τὠφθαλμὼ κεντούμενος ὥσπερ ὑπ' ἀνθρηνῶν Ar.Nu. 947

; of the porcupine, Ael.NA12.26: then,

3 generally, prick, stab, Pi.l.c., Theoc.15.130, etc.;

μηδ' ὀλωλότα κέντει S.Ant. 1030

;

τὴν γλῶσσαν καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτῶν κέντησον Tab.Defix.97.26

;

ἐκέντει.. < αἰθέρ'>, ὡς σφάζων ἐμέ E.Ba. 631

(troch.), etc.; κ. τὸν ἀέρα Theo Sm.p.61 H., cf. p.72 H.;

τύπτειν οὐδὲ κ. Pl.Grg. 456d

:—[voice] Pass., κεντηθείσης τῆς φλεβός Thphr.l.c.;

παιομένους καὶ κεντουμένους Th.4.47

;

μαστιγούμενος καὶ κεντούμενος X.HG3.3.11

, cf. An.3.1.29: metaph., σὺν δόλῳ κ. stab in the dark, S.Aj. 1245;

λιμῷ κεντούμενος Alciphr.3.4

.

4 = βινέω, Mnesim.4.55.

Grammatical information: adj.

Meaning: only in ἤνις ἠκέστας ( βοῦς, Ζ 94 = 275 = 309), meaning uncertain.

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: Comparing ἠκέστης ἀδάμαστος Suid. mostly taken as `undomited, uncontrolled' to κεντέω, κένσαι ("unprickled"). Thus Schwyzer RhM 80, 213, who however rightly rejects the explanation from ἤ-κεστος (with metr. lengthening for *ἄ-κεστος) and assumes an original sing. ( βοῦν) ἤνιν νηκέστην (like νη-κερδής a. o.), with single writing of the ν and false worddivision. - Others `fulgrown, to ἀκμαῖος', ἠκή. Improbable Szemerényi Sprache 11, 1965, 6-12.

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