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1 ἀρι-
Grammatical information: prefixMeaning: inseparable prefix `good, very' (Il.)Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Generally connected with ἄριστος (q.v.), which cannot be verified. - Not to Skt. ari- in Ved. ari-gūrtá-, ari-ṣtutá-. Can hardly be separated from its synonym ἐρι-, but this seems impossible if it is IE: the ἐ- requires a *h₁, but this makes ἀ- impossible. Fur. 348 thinks the element is Pre-Greek because of the ἐ- \/ ἀ-. Szemerényi, too, ( Gnomon 43, 1971, 667f.) thinks of an Anatolian element (Hitt.-Luv. ura-\/ uri- `great'). Willi HS 112, 1999, 86-100 convincingly disconnects the two and maintains the connection with ἄριστος; on ἐρι- s.v.Page in Frisk: 1,138Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀρι-
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2 ἐρέτης
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `rower' (Il.),Compounds: As 2. member in ὑπ-ηρέτης, s. v.Derivatives: ἐρετικός `concerning the rowers' (Att.); collective abstrakt εἰρεσίη, - ία ( εἰ- metr. lengthening, maintained in prose) `the rowers' (Od.); denomin. verb ἐρέσσω, rare Att. ἐρέττω, aor. ἐρέσ(σ)αι `row' (Il.; on the formation Schwyzer 725). - Beside these the noun instr. ἐρετμόν n. `oar' (Il.) with ἐρετμόω `complete with oars' (E.), PN Έρετμεύς (θ 111; Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 121). - Here also the PN Έρέτρια as "the rowing (town)". - On themselves the nouns in - ηρης and - ερος, - ορος like τρι-ήρης `three-rower' (Ion.-Att.), ἁλι-ήρης `rowing the sea' ( κώπη E. Hek. 455 [lyr.]), πεντηκόντερος, πεντηκόντ-ορος `fifty-rower' (Ion.-Att.), s. below.Etymology: The agent noun ἐρέ-της points like the synonymous Skt. ari-tár- (= Gr. *ἐρε-τήρ (* h₁erh₁-) in Έρέτρ-ιᾱ) to a disyllabic primary verb `row', which in Greek was replaced by the denominative ἐρέσσω (uncertain Myc. e-re-e), but is present in other languages: Lith. iriù, ìrti (with acute, agreeing with disyllabic ἐρε-, \< *h₁r̥h₁-), Germ., e. g. ONo. rōa, Celt., e. g. OIr. imb-rā `row, sail' (IE rō- against rē- (i. e. * h₁reh₁- * h₁roh₁-) in Lat. rēmus, cf. below). Traces of this verb in Greek in τρι-ήρης `three-rower' etc. (with compositional lengthening and ending after the σ-stems), πεντηκόντ-ερος, - ορος `fifty-rower' etc. (after the ο-stems, also with - ο- after - γονος, - φορος a. o.; not with J. Schmidt KZ 32, 327 vowel-harmony). Perhaps with το-suffix (Lesb.) τέρρητον τριήρης H., if with Brugmann IF 13, 152f. haplological for *τερρ-έρητον \< *τρι-έρητον, cf. Schwyzer 274. - On influence of ἐρέτης rests prob. the form ἐρετμόν against Skt. arí-tr-a- `oar' (from ari-tár-), Lat. rēmus (formation unclear). - Details in Schwyzer KZ 63, 52ff., Hermann Gött. Nachr. 1943, 3f.; further Pok. 338, W.-Hofmann s. rēmus.Page in Frisk: 1,553-554Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐρέτης
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3 ὀρίνω
ὀρίνω, - ομαιGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `to excite, to stir' (Il.);Other forms: Lesb. ὀρίννω only Hdn., - ν- Alc.; s. Hamm Gramm. 36 a. 131 w. n. 313), aor. ὀρῖναι, - ασθαι, pass. ὀρινθῆναι.Derivatives: ὀρίντης m. `exciter' (Theognost.).Etymology: The present ὀρί̄νω, from where the other forms come, can stand for either for *ὀρι-ν-ι̯ω (combin. of nasal- a. yotpresent like κλίνω; Brugmann Grundr 2. II:3, 333) or for *ὀρῑ-νϜ-ω (themat. reshaped νυ-present; Schwyzer 698); further analysis uncertain. Disyllabic ori- is found also in Arm. ipv. ari `stand up', aor. y-are-ay (\< - ari-) `I stand up' as well as in Lat. ori-tur, orī-gō (which can however also be explained diff.); quite uncertain ΌριϜων Corinth. horsename (Fraenkel Gnomon 22, 238). Without ὀ-, we get a reduced grade rī̆- with many possibilities of connection, a.o. Lat. rīvus m. `brook' (s. W.-Hofmann s.v.); all are assembled under er-, ( e)r-ei-, ( e)r-eu- etc. `set in movement' (WP. 1, 136ff., Pok. 326ff.). This should now be * h₃r(e)i-, which will have the root of ὄρνυμι (s.v.).Page in Frisk: 2,417-418Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὀρίνω
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4 ἐρι-
Grammatical information: prefixMeaning: `very, high' (Il.),Compounds: esp. in Bahuvrihi's like ἐρί-(γ)δουπος, - σθενής, - τιμος, - αύχην; also ἐρι-βρεμέτης, - δμᾶτος (A. Ag. 1461 [lyr.]) a. o.; cf. Chantraine REGr. 49, 406.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Beside ἐρι- stands with the same meaning ἀρι-, which however like Skt. ari-, as opposed to ἐρι-, belongs in verbal adjectives, cf. s. v. and Schwyzer 434. One might think of a connection with ὄρνυμι `rise etc.' ( ἐρι- beside *ἔρος?, cf. s. ἐρέας). - The comment in DELG is unclear to me.Page in Frisk: 1,557-558Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐρι-
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5 ἔρις
ἔρις, - ιδοςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `strife, quarrel, contention' (Il.; on the meaning in Hom. Trümpy Fachausdrücke 139ff.; on Ἔρις and Δίκη in Hes. Kühn Würzb. Jb. 1947: 2, 259ff.).Other forms: acc. also - ινCompounds: As 2. member in δύσ-ερις (Att.), also with compositional lengthening δύσ-ηρις (Pi.) `creating unhappy struggle'.Derivatives: Denomin. verbs. ἐρίζω `fight, wrangle, quarrel' (Il.; from *ἐρί-ω enlarged? Schwyzer 735 n. 4; s. also below) with ἔρισμα `struggle' =- `object of the struggle' (Δ 38; cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 187), ἐρισμός `id.' (Timo), ἐριστικός `quarrelsome' (Pl., Arist.), ἐριστής `quarreler' (LXX Ps. 138 [139], 20; v. l.). ἐριδαίνω `id.' (Il.; only present beside unclear ἐρῑδήσασθαι Ψ 792; cf. Schwyzer 733 w. n. 1, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 416). ἐριδμαίνω `provoke, irritate' (Π 260), = ἐριδαίνω (hell.); after the verbs in - μ-αίνω like πημ-αίνω; Schwyzer 724.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Because of the PN Άμφ-, Άν-ήρι-τος (Bechtel Namenstud. 7; also - ιστος) ἔρις must be an orig. ι-stem; therefore not to ἐρείδω `prop, support' (Schwyzer 464 w. n. 4). Not to ὀρίνω, ἐρέθω, Έρινύς (s. vv.), for which there is no indication. Hardly to Skt. ári-, arí- m. `enemy (?) etc.'Page in Frisk: 1,559-560Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔρις
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6 κεραΐζω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `destroy' (Il.).Other forms: aor. κεραΐσαι (Hdt.), - ΐξαι (Nonn.), fut. inf. κεραϊξέμεν (Π 830 after Bekker for κεραϊζέμεν),Compounds: also with ἐκ- (Call., AP),Derivatives: κεραϊστής `destroyer' (h. Merc. 336; Zumbach Neuerungen 7), κεραϊσμός `destruction' (D. H.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [578] *ḱerh₂- `damage, intr. fall apart'Etymology: The secondary present κεραΐζω, the basis of the group, may have replaced an older primary verb, which is retained in the nasalpresents Skt. śr̥ṇā́ti `breaks', OIr. ar-a-chrin `fall into decay'. The disyll. stem κερα- has an exact counterpart in Skt. aorist a-śarī-t (length of the ī secondary) and in the OIr. preterite do-cer `he fell' (IE. ḱerh₂-). In Greek he is still seen in ἀ-κέρα-ιος `unhurt', perhaps also in ἀ-κήρα-τος `id.' (η metr. lengthening?, cf. s. v.). An intermediate noun *κερα-Ϝός (Bechtel Lex. s. v.; cf. also Schwyzer 735) is improbable and unecessary. - Independent formations are κεραυνός; not here κήρ; s. vv.Page in Frisk: 1,822Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κεραΐζω
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7 κεράννυμι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `mix, mix up' esp. of wine with water, `temper' (of the climate etc.) (Com., Hyp.)Other forms: also κεραννύω (Com., Hyp.), κεραίω (Ι 203, Delph. Va), κεράω (Od.; subj. κέρωνται Δ 260), κίρνημι, - νάω (Od.), aor. κεράσ(σ)αι (Il.), also ( ἐπι-)κρῆσαι (η 164, Hp.), pass. κρᾱθῆναι, κρηθῆναι (IA), also κερασθῆναι (Att.), perf. med. κέκρᾱμαι, - κρη- (Sapph., Pi., IA), also κεκέρασμαι (Arist.), fut. κερῶ (Att.), κεράσω (Them.), pass. κρᾱθήσομαι (Att.),Dialectal forms: Myc. karateraCompounds: also with prefix, esp. συν-Derivatives: A. Of κρᾱ- ( κρη-): 1. κρᾶσις, κρῆσις ( σύγκρ. etc.) `mix' (IA) with *κρᾱσίον \> ModGr. κρασί `wine' (Kretschmer Glotta 15, 64f., Hatzidakis ib. 139f.; on the meaning of κρᾶσις s. Den Dulk Κρᾶσις. Bijdrage tot de Grieksche Lexicographie. Diss. Leiden 1934). 2. κρᾶμα (rarely also κράμμα after βάμμα a. o.), Ion. κρῆμα `mix, alloy', also `mixed wine' (Ion. hell.) with κραμάτιον (Dsc.) and κραμ(μ)άτινος `consisting of an alloy' (pap.). 3. κρᾱτήρ, κρητήρ m. "mixer", `mixing bowl', also metaph., `Krater' (Il.; on the meaning Brommer Herm. 77, 359 a. 366) with κρατηρία `id.' (Dsc.; Scheller Oxytonierung 54) and the diminutiva κρατήριον, κρη- (Hp.), κρατηρ-ίδιον (Boeot., J.), - ίσκος (Delos IIIa, Ath.); κρατηρίζω "drink a bowl", `intoxicate oneself' (Sophr., D.; cf. Wackernagel Glotta 14, 52f. = Kl. Schr. 2, 860f.). 4. compounds like ἄ-κρᾱ-τος (- η-) `unmixed' (Il.), αὑτο-κρη-ής "mixed with itself", i. e. `unmixed' (Nic. Al. 163), αὑτό-κρας `id.' (Poll.). - B. Of κερᾰ-: κατα-κέρασις `mixing (with water)' (Arist.), κέρασμα `id.' (hell.), συγ-κερασμός `id.' (gloss.), κεραστός ( εὑ-, ἐγ-κέρ.) `mixed' (D. H., Plu., APl.), κεραστής `mixer' (Orph.), ἐπι-, κατα-κεραστικός `causing a (real) mix' (medic.), μετά-κερας adj. n. `tempered, lukewarm' (Com.), αὑτό-κερας, also as adv. `unmixed' (Poll., Phryn.; cf. αὑτοκρηής). S. also on 2. ἀκήρατος. In the meaning `unxed' ( οἶνος; Dsc. 5, 6, 10) ἀκέραιος is a reinterpretation of ἀκέραιος `undamaged'; s. on 1. ἀκήρατος.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [582] *ḱerh₂- `mix;Etymology: With the verbal adjective (ἄ)-κρᾱτος agrees Skt ptc. ā́-śīr-ta- `mixed'; both Gr. κρᾱ-, κρη- and Skt. śīr- represent the zero grade of a disyll. root. This root is seen in κερά-σαι (beside analogical κεράσ-σαι); (there is no Skt. *á-śari-ṣam). Nasal presents are Skt. śrī-ṇā́-ti and κίρ-νη-μι; both forms however are renewed or reshaped. An IE. *ḱr-nā-ti should have been Skt. *śr̥-ṇā́-ti (seen in the homonymous word for `break'), and Gr. *κάρ-νη-σι; the ι in κίρνημι is rather innovation after the reduplicating presents τίθημι, γίγνομαι etc. than old reduced grade. - To old κερά-σαι came the innovations κεραίω, κεράω, κεράννυμι (Schwyzer 676, 681, 697) just like κερῶ, κεράσω, κερασθῆναι, κεκέρασμαι (both with analogical σ); old(er) were κρᾱ-θῆναι, κέ-κρᾱ-μαι (like βλη-θῆναι, βέ-βλη-μαι a. o.). - Another system is provided by Oldiranian in the also semantically deviating Av. sar- `unite' (which must perhaps be separated; Gonda Acta Or. 14, 201; s. also Wackernagel-Debrunner KZ 67, 174 = Kl. Schr. 1, 390) - Further Pok. 582.Page in Frisk: 1,824-825Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κεράννυμι
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8 κηρύλος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: name of a bird, which was identified or compared with the kingfisher ἀλκυών (Alcm., Archil., Ar. Av. 299f. [here written κειρύλος as nickname referring to κείρειν], Arist.); see Thompson Birds s. v.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Formation in - υλος (diminutive?), Chantraine Formation 249ff., Leumann Glotta 32, 217f.); from a basis κηρ-, or κηλ- (with dissimilation)? In the first case perh. with Prellwitz (Wb.2, BB 30, 176) to Skt. śārá- `motley', śārī̆- name of a bird; cf. Frisk Nom. 6 w. n. 4 (IE. *ḱēro-); in the latter case one connected κελαινός etc (s. v.), WP. 1, 420. One might follow Lagercrantz Sertum philol. C. F. Johansson oblatum (1910) 117ff. and connect *κηλ-ύλος with κήλων `breeding stallion'; cf. the description of the bird in H.: κηρύλος ἄρσην ὄρνις συνουσιαστικός. So no etym.Page in Frisk: 1,844-845Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κηρύλος
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9 μέδω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `rule, govern' (Emp., trag.),Other forms: only pres., ptc. μέδων `ruler' (Hom.; like ἄρχων), f. - ουσα "the governing", name of one of the Gorgons (Hes.), also μεδέων, - έοντος `id.' (Il., h. Merc.), f. - έουσα (h. Hom., Hes.); PN Μέδων, Λαο-μέδων etc., name of a town Μεδεών (Boeotia) "place, where the government is, Regierungsstadt"(?); cf. Solmsen Wortforsch. 41ff., Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 67 n. 3, Leumann Hom. Wörter 326, Schwyzer 488. (Also - έω? Schulze Kl. Schr. 678.)Derivatives: μέδομαι `care for sthing, think of sth., be prepared for' (Il.), only pres. except μεδήσομαι I 650. -- From here μεδίμῳ ἥρωι H.; prob. after κύδιμος, δόκιμος a. o., Schwyzer 494 n. 9.Etymology: In the sense of `think of sth., be prepared for sth.' μέδομαι answers completely the Lat. frequentative meditor, - ārī `reflect', beside which we find partly the primary verb medeor, - ērī (s. below), partly the primary noun modus `measure' with modius, modestus, moderor. Celtic has several cognates, e.g. OIr. mess `iudicium' (\< * med-tu-), air-med `measure'. The basic meaning `measure' is found in Germ.: Goth. mitan (with miton `meassure, consider'), OE metan, NHG messen etc. An old special meaning shows Lat. medeor `heal' (prop. `take measures' v.s.?), just like Av. vī-mad- `healer, physician'. Further forms in WP. 2, 259 f., Pok. 705 f., W.-Hofmann a. Ernout-Meillet s. meditor and medeor, also Fraenkel Wb. s. mãtas. -- As lengthened grade form we have μήδομαι, s.v.Page in Frisk: 2,191Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μέδω
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10 στόμαχος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `throat' (Il.), `gullet' (Hp., Arist. a.o.), `mouth (of the bladder, uterus)' (Hp.), `(upper orifice of the) stomach' (late), `anger' (Vett. Val., pap.II--IIIp; cf. below).Derivatives: στομαχ-ικός `belonging to σ., suffering in the σ.', also `useful for the σ.', with - ικεύομαι `suffering in the σ.' (late medic.); - έω = stomachor (Dosith.).Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: From στόμα with the same suffix as in οὑραχός, οὑρίαχος (s. οὑρά), κύμβαχος and other orig. popular formations (Schwyzer 498, Chantraine Form. 403). To be rejected Hirt PBBeitr. 22, 228 (s. Bechtel Lex. s. v.) and Lagercrantz (s. Idg. Jb. 13, 201). -- Lat. LW [loanword] stomachus `gullet, stomach' with stomachor, - āri`be indignant', to which through semant. backformation stomachus `annoyance'; as loan from there στόμαχος `annoyance' with - έω. -- On στόμαχος, γαστήρ, κοιλία a. their rendering in the vulgata Benveniste Rev. de phil. 91, 7ff.Page in Frisk: 2,801-802Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στόμαχος
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