portent

σημεῖον, ου, τό (s. prec. entry; Aeschyl., Hdt.+; ins, pap, LXX, pseudepigr., Philo, Joseph., apolog.; loanw. in rabb.; Hippol., Ref. 6, 27, 4; Did., Gen. 115, 9 ‘symbol’; gener. ‘sign’)

① a sign or distinguishing mark whereby someth. is known, sign, token, indication (Diod S 3, 66, 3=evidences τῆς παρουσίας τοῦ θεοῦ; Cornutus 16 p. 21, 9.—Arrian, Anab. 6, 26, 4 of marks in the landscape showing direction; ParJer 5:11 τὰ ς. τῆς πόλεως; Just., A I, 55, 6 al.; Iren. 1, 14, 8 [Harv. I 143, 10]; Orig., C. Cels. 3, 43, 36 ς. τῆς μετὰ θάνατον ἐπιφανείας αὐτοῦ [sc. Ἰησοῦ]; 2, 59, 6 of the scars of the resurrected Lord τὰ ς. τῆς κολάσεως). τοῦτο ὑμῖν σημεῖον this (will be) a sign for you Lk 2:12 (cp. Is 37:30). ὅ ἐστιν ς. ἐν πάσῃ ἐπιστολῇ this is the mark of genuineness in every letter 2 Th 3:17 (Ps.-Pla., Ep. 13, 360a has at its beginning the words σύμβολον ὅτι παρʼ ἐμοῦ ἐστιν). Of a signal previously agreed upon δοῦναί τινι σημεῖον (PFay 128, 7 ἔδωκεν ἡμῖν σημεῖον ‘he gave us a signal’; Jos., Ant. 12, 404) Mt 26:48; 1 Cl 12:7.— A sign of things to come (PsSol 15:9 τὸ … σημεῖον ἀπωλείας ἐπὶ τοῦ μετώπου αὐτῶν; Did., Gen. 191, 6; Philo, Op. M. 58 σημεῖα μελλόντων; Jos., Bell. 6, 285; 296; 297) Mk 13:4; Lk 21:7. The event to be expected is added in the gen. τί τὸ ς. τῆς σῆς παρουσίας; Mt 24:3. τὸ ς. τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου the sign by which one can mark the coming of the Human One (Son of Man) vs. 30 (TGlasson, JTS 15, ’64, 299f [a military metaphor, ‘standard’; cp. Is 18:3; 1QM 3f]). τὰ σημεῖα τῶν καιρῶν the signs of the (end)times (καιρός 3b) Mt 16:3.— A sign of warning (Plut., Caes. 737 [63, 1]; SibOr 3, 457; Mel., P. 14, 90) 1 Cl 11:2. Prob. in like manner αἱ γλῶσσαι εἰς σημεῖόν εἰσιν τοῖς ἀπίστοις the tongues (γλῶσσα 3) serve as a (warning) sign to the unbelievers 1 Cor 14:22. Likew. the sign of Jonah (s. Ἰωνᾶς 1) in Luke: Lk 11:29, 30. Here the Human One is to be a sign to his generation, as Jonah was to the Ninevites; cp. οὗτος κεῖται εἰς σημεῖον ἀντιλεγόμενον (s. ἀντιλέγω 2) 2:34 (cp. Is 11:12).—W-S. §30, 10d.—GRunze, Das Zeichen des Menschensohnes u. der Doppelsinn des Jonazeichens 1897 (against him PSchmiedel, Lit. Centralblatt 48, 1897, 513–15; Runze again, ZWT 41, 1898, 171–85; finally PSchm. ibid. 514–25); PAsmussen, Protestantenblatt 37, 1904, 375–8; STyson, Bibl. World 33,1909, 96–101; CBowen, AJT 20, 1916, 414–21; JMichael, JTS 21, 1920, 146–59; JBonsirven, RSR 24, ’34, 450–55; HGale, JBL 60, ’41, 255–60; PSeidelin, Das Jonaszeichen, StTh 5, ’51, 119–31; AVögtle, Wikenhauser Festschr. ’53, 230–77; OGlombitza, D. Zeichen des Jona, NTS 8, ’62, 359–66.—In the OT circumcision is σημεῖον διαθήκης=a sign or token of belonging to the covenant (Gen 17:11). For Paul this sign becomes a mark, or seal (so σημεῖον: PRev 26, 5 [III B.C.]; PRein 9 introd. [II B.C.]; 35, 3; BGU 1064, 18) σημεῖον ἔλαβεν περιτομῆς σφραγῖδα he got the mark of circumcision as a seal Ro 4:11. In the difficult pass. B 12:5 ἐν σημείῳ is prob. best taken as by a sign; but it is poss. that the text is defective (s. Windisch, Hdb. ad loc.; RKraft, Did. and Barnabas ’65, 119 note: ‘standard, norm’).—τὰ σημεῖα τοῦ ἀποστόλου 2 Cor 12:12a belongs rather to the next category; the signs of the (true) apostle (cp. SIG 831, 14 [117 A.D.] ἡγούμην σημεῖα ἀγαθῶν ἀνδρῶν) are, as is shown by the verb κατειργάσθη and what follows, the wonders or miracles performed by him.

② an event that is an indication or confirmation of intervention by transcendent powers, miracle, portent

ⓐ miracle

α. a miracle of divine origin, performed by God himself, by Christ, or by men of God (cp. Diod S 5, 70, 4 πολλὰ ς. of the young Zeus; 16, 27, 2 ἐγένετο αὐτῷ σημεῖον ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος; Strabo 16, 2, 35 παρὰ τ. θεοῦ ς.; Appian, Ital. 8 §1 σημείων γενομένων ἐκ Διός, Hann. 56 §233; SIG 709, 25 [c. 107 B.C.] διὰ τῶν ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ γενομένων σαμείων; PGM 1, 65; 74; Jos., Ant. 2, 274; 280; Mel., P. 78, 568): Mt 12:38f; 16:1 (ς. ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ), 4; Mk 8:11 (ς. ἀπὸ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, as Synes., Prov. 1, 7; s. OLinton, The Demand for a Sign from Heaven, StTh 19, ’65, 112–29; JGibson, JSNT 38, ’90, 37–66, a phenomenon suggesting divine deliverance), 12; 16:17, 20; Lk 11:16 (ς. ἐξ οὐρανοῦ), 29 (s. 1 above); 23:8; J 2:11, 18, 23; 3:2; 4:54; 6:2, 14, 26, 30; 7:31; 9:16; 10:41; 11:47; 12:18, 37; 20:30 (on σημ. as a designation of Jesus’ miracles in J s. Hdb. on J 2:11 and 6:26; JBernard, ICC John 1929, I introd. 176–86; CBarrett, The Gosp. acc. to St. John, ’55, 62–65); Ac 4:16, 22 (τὸ ς. τῆς ἰάσεως the miracle of healing); 8:6; 1 Cor 1:22; Agr 9. τί εἴδετε σημεῖον ἐπὶ τὸν γεννηθέντα βασιλέα; what kind of sign did you see over the newborn king? GJs 21:2 (codd.). τὸ σημεῖον τὸ ἐνάρετον the marvelous sign AcPl Ha 3,16.—σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα (Polyb. 3, 112, 8 σημείων δὲ καὶ τεράτων πᾶν μὲν ἱερόν, πᾶσα δʼ ἦν οἰκία πλήρης; Plut., Alex. 706 [75, 1 sing.]; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 36 §144 τέρατα καὶ σημεῖα οὐράνια; 4, 4 §14; Aelian, VH 12, 57; Philo, Mos. 1, 95, Aet. M. 2; Jos., Bell. 1, 28, Ant. 20, 168. Oft. in LXX: Ex 7:3; Dt 4:34; 6:22; 7:19 al.; Is 8:18; 20:3; Jer 39:21; Wsd 8:8; 10:16) J 4:48; Ac 2:43; 4:30; 5:12; 6:8; 7:36; 14:3; 15:12; Ro 15:19; Hb 2:4; 1 Cl 51:5; B 4:14; 5:8. δυνάμεις καὶ τέρατα κ. σημεῖα Ac 2:22; 2 Cor 12:12b (SSchreiber, Paulus als Wundertäter: BZNW 79, ’96) σημεῖα καὶ δυνάμεις Ac 8:13.—1 Cl 25:1; 2 Cl 15:4. SMc-Casland, JBL 76, ’57, 149–52; MWhittaker, Studia Evangelica 5, ’68, 155–58.

β. worked by Satan or his agents to mislead God’s people (s. Iren. 5, 28, 2 [Harv. V 401, 32]) Rv 13:13f; 16:14; 19:20. σημεῖα κ. τέρατα Mt 24:24; Mk 13:22 (GBeasley-Murray, A Commentary on Mk 13, ’57; EGrässer, D. Problem der Parusie-verzögerung, ’57, 152–70); 2 Th 2:9; D 16:4.

ⓑ portent terrifying appearances in the heavens, never before seen, as portents of the last days Lk 21:11, 25 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 4 §14 σημεῖα πολλά around the sun; AscIs 3, 20); Ac 2:19 (cp. Jo 3:3); s. D 16:6. Of that which the seer of the Apocalypse sees ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ Rv 12:1, 3; 15:1. Of the portentous signs in heaven and earth at the death of Jesus GPt 8:28 (cp. Da 6:28 Theod. σημεῖα κ. τέρατα ἐν οὐρανῷ κ. ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς; Diod S 38 + 39 Fgm. 5: at the end of each one of the eight ages ordained by God there is a σημεῖον ἐκ γῆς ἢ οὐρανοῦ θαυμάσιον).—On miracles s. SIG 1168–73; RLembert, Das Wunder bei Römern u. Griechen I 1905; RReitzenstein, Hellenist. Wundererzählungen 1906, OWeinreich, Antike Heilungswunder 1909, Gebet u. Wunder: WSchmid Festschr. 1929, 169ff; PWendland, De Fabellis Antiquis earumque ad Christianos Propagatione 1911; FKutsch, Attische Heilgötter u. Heilheroen 1913; WJayne, The Healing Gods of Ancient Civilizations 1925; RHerzog, D. Wunderheilungen v. Epidaurus ’31; PFiebig, Jüdische Wundergeschichten des ntl. Zeitalters 1911; ASchlatter, Das Wunder in d. Synagoge 1912.—RLehmann, Naturwissenschaft u. bibl. Wunderfrage 1930; GNaumann, Die Wertschätzung des Wunders im NT 1903; GTraub, Das Wunder im NT² 1907; KBeth, Die Wunder Jesu 1908; JThompson, Miracles in the NT 1911; LFonck, Die Wunder des Herrn im Ev.² 1907; LFillion, Les miracles de Jésus-Christ 1909/1910; PDausch, Die Wunder Jesu 1912; SEitrem, Nordisk Tidskrift for Filologie 5, 1919, 30–36; RBultmann, Die Gesch. der synopt. Tradition² ’31, 223–60; RJelke, Die Wunder Jesu 1922; GShafto, The Wonders of the Kingdom 1924; JBest, The Miracles of Christ in the Light of our Present Day Knowledge ’37; TTorrance, Expository Studies in St. John’s Miracles ’38; ARichardson, The Miracle Stories of the Gospels ’41; AFridrichsen, Le Problème du Miracle dans le Christianisme primitif: Études d’ Hist. et de Phil. rel. XII 1925; HSchlingensiepen, Die Wunder des NT ’33; OPerels, D. Wunderüberlieferung der Synoptiker ’34; PSaintyves, Essais de folklore biblique 1923; GMarquardt, D. Wunderproblem in d. deutschen prot. Theologie der Gegenwart ’33; GDelling, D. Verständnis des Wunders im NT, ZST 24, ’55, 265–80, Zur Beurteilung des Wunders durch d. Antike: Studien zum NT ’70, 53–71; SMcCasland, Signs and Wonders, JBL 76, ’57, 149–52; CBarrett, The Gosp. Acc. to John ’55, 62–65; JCharlier, La notion de signe (sêmeion) dans J: RSPT 43, ’59, 434–48; PRiga, Signs of Glory (J): Int 17, ’63, 402–24; HvanderLoos, The Miracles of Jesus ’65; WNicol, The Semeia in the Fourth Gosp. ’72; for Acts s. FNeirynck, the Miracle Stories in the Acts of the Apostles, An Introduction, in Les Actes des Apôtres, ed. JKremer ’79, 169–213.—Esp. on the healing of demoniacs JWeiss, RE IV 408ff; JJaeger, Ist Jesus Christus ein Suggestionstherapeut gewesen? 1918; KKnur, M.D., Christus medicus? 1905; KDusberger, Bibel u. Kirche ’51, 114–17 (foretoken).—RGrant, Miracle and Natural Law in Graeco-Roman and Early Christian Thought ’52. S. also the lit. s.v. δαιμόνιον 2.—See further MWestermann, ed. ΠΑΡΑΔΟΞΑΓΡΑΦΟΙ, Scriptores Rerum Mirabilium Graeci, 1839.—B. 914. DELG s.v. σῆμα. M-M. DBS XII 1281–1330. EDNT. ABD IV 869 (lit.). TW. Spicq. Sv.

Διοσημειακός

portent-bearing: masc acc pl

Πέλωρ

portent: masc nom sg

πέλωρ

portent: neut nom /voc /acc sg

Δῐοσημ-ειακός, ή, όν,

A portent-bearing, ἀστέρες ib.15.

μῡκάομαι, [tense] fut. - ήσομαι AP9.730 (Demetr. Bith.), Luc.Phal.1.11: [tense] aor.

A

ἐμῡκησάμην Ar.Nu. 292

, Theoc.16.37: used by Hom. once in [tense] pres. part., Od.10.413, elsewh. in [dialect] Ep. [tense] aor. μύκον [ῠ], [dialect] Ep. [tense] pf. μέμῡκα (also in A.Supp. 352 (lyr.)): [tense] plpf. ἐμεμύκειν or

μεμύκειν Od.12.395

: [dialect] Ep. iterat. μύκεσκε only in EM624.40:—prop. of oxen, low, bellow, ὁ δὲ μακρὰ μεμυκώς [ὁ ταῦρος] Il.18.580;

μεμυκὼς ἠΰτε ταῦρος 21.237

;

πόριες.. μυκώμεναι Od.10.413

, cf. A.l.c., E.Ba. 738; of a calf, Theoc.l.c.; of Heracles in agony, E.HF 870 (troch.: so comically,

ἔβλεψεν δριμὺ κἀμυκᾶτο Ar.Ra. 562

);

οἷον μυκτὴρ μυκᾶται Id.V. 1488

;

μάτηρ κεφαλὰν μυκήσατο παιδὸς ἑλοῖσα Theoc.26.20

;

ὥσπερ λέων μ. Apoc.10.3

.

2 of things,

πύλαι μύκον οὐρανοῦ Il.5.749

;

μέγα δ' ἀμφὶ πύλαι μύκον 12.460

; of a shield, μέγα δ' ἀμφὶ σάκος μύκε δουρὸς ἀκωκῇ rang, 20.260; of meat, ἀμφ' ὀβελοῖσι μεμύκει bellowed upon the spits (a portent), Od.12.395;

μέμυκε δὲ γαῖα καὶ ὕλη Hes.Op. 508

;

βροντῆς μυκησαμένης Ar.Nu. 292

;

κόχλον ἑλὼν μυκήσατο κοῖλον Theoc.22.75

:—rare in Prose, Pl.R. 396b, 615e, Arist.Mete. 368a25.—An [tense] aor. [voice] Act., [

τυμπάνου] βαρὺ μυκήσαντος AP6.220.11

(Diosc.). (Onomatopoeic word.)

οἰών-ισμα, ατος, τό,

A omen from the flight or cries of birds,

οἰωνίσματ' οἰωνῶν μαθών E.Ph. 839

, cf. LXX 1 Ki.15.23, Je.14.14(pl.), Hdn.1.14.2, D.C.37.24 ; οἰ. τῆς ὑγιείας, = Salutis augurium, Id.51.20 ; a portent, monster, Gal.2.623.

πέλωρ, τό,

A portent, prodigy, monster, [dialect] Ep. Noun, only nom. and acc., in early writers always of living beings, mostly in bad sense, as of the Cyclops,

π. ἀθεμίστια εἰδώς Od.9.428

; αὐτὴ δ' αὖτε π. κακόν, of Scylla, 12.87 ; of the serpent Python, h.Ap. 374 ; of a dolphin, π. μέγα τε δεινόν τε ib.401 ; even of Hephaestus,

π. αἴητον ἀνέστη χωλεύων Il.18.410

; later, of things,

εὐρυτενὴς ὠγκοῦτο π. μίτος Nonn. D. 24.257

.—Cf. πέλωρος.

σημει-όω ([dialect] Dor. [pref] σᾱμ- IG5(1).1390.71 (Andania, i B.C.)),= σημαίνω,

A mark (by milestones), Plb.3.39.8 ([voice] Pass.), cf. 1.47.1; seal,

ἐπιστολὰς -ωμένας σφραγῖδι D.H.4.57

:—[voice] Pass., to be marked or stamped, IG l.c.

2 give a signal, impers. in [voice] Pass., ὅταν σημειωθῇ Aen. Tact.22.23 (cod. M).

II [voice] Med., mark for oneself, note down,

ὅτι.. Thphr.CP1.21.7

;

τόπον Plb.21.28.9

: abs., Δυμᾶς σεσημείωμαι ( signed) Δυμᾶς, Ostr.Bodl. iii 280 (i A.D.), cf. ii 25 (i A.D.), etc.; take notice of, pay honour to..,

ὅπως ὁ δῆμος φαίνηται τοὺς καλοὺς κἀγαθοὺς τῶν ἀνδρῶν σημειούμενος Inscr.Perg.252.28

.

2 interpret anything as a sign or portent, Plb.5.78.2, Str.9.2.11; infer as from a sign,

ὁ ἐκ τῆς ἐναργείας -ούμενος περὶ τῶν ἀδήλων Phld. Sign.15

, cf. Epicur.Ep.2p.47U., S.E.M.8.271:—Medic., diagnose, Antyll. ap. Orib.45.2.1, Gal.18(2).851; later, examine,

σημειωσόμεθα κοπαρίῳ Paul.Aeg.6.77

; οἱ τοῦ -ουμένου δάκτυλοι ib.96.

3 in Gramm., of marginal marks, σημείωσαι,= nota bene, Hdn.Gr.1.87, al., freq. in Sch.:—in [voice] Pass., σημειοῦται δὲ ὅτι.. Sch.Il.Oxy.1086i17; τὰ σεσημειωμένα noted as exceptions, A.D.Pron.115.11, Choerob. in Theod.1.406 H.: [tense] fut.

σεσημειώσεται A.D.Adv.166.14

.

σημεῖον, τό, [dialect] Ion. [full] σημήϊον, [dialect] Dor. [full] σᾱμήϊον IG12(3).452 (Thera, iv B.C.), [full] σᾱμεῖον IPE12.352.25 (Chersonesus, ii B.C.), IG5(1).1390.16 (Andania, i B.C.), [full] σᾱμᾶον CIG5168 ([place name] Cyrene):—= σῆμα in all senses, and more common in Prose, but never in Hom. or Hes.:

A mark by which a thing is known, Hdt.2.38;

σημεῖα τῶν δεδικασμένων.., σημεῖα πάντων ὧν ἔπραξαν Pl.R. 614c

; sign of the future, τυραννίδος ς. A.Ag. 1355;

σ. λαβεῖν ἔκ τινος E.Hipp. 514

; trace, track,

σημεῖα δ' οὔτε θηρὸς οὔτε του κυνῶν.. ἐξεφαίνετο S.Ant. 257

, cf. El. 886;

τῆς καταβάσεως X.An.6.2.2

; of a cork on a buoy, Paus.8.12.1.

b [dialect] Dor., tomb, IG12(3).452 (iv B.C.), CIGl.c.

2 sign from the gods, omen, S.OC94;

τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν θεῶν σ. γενόμενα Antipho 5.81

, cf. Pl.Phdr. 244c, Ap. 40b, X.Cyr.1.6.1; wonder, portent, LXX Ex.4.8, al.;

σ. καὶ τέρατα Plb.3.112.8

, Ev.Matt.24.24, Ev.Jo.4.48, cf. IPEl.c., D.S.17.114;

φόβηθρα καὶ σ. ἀπ' οὐρανοῦ Ev.Luc.21.11

; esp. of the constellations, regarded as signs,

δύεται σημεῖα E.Rh. 529

(lyr.), cf. Ion 1157.

3 sign or signal to do a thing, made by flags, ἀνέδεξε σημήϊον τοῖσι ἄλλοισι ἀνάγεσθαι he made signal for the rest to put to sea, Hdt.7.128; signal for battle, τὰ σ. ἤρθη, κατεσπάσθη, Th.1.49,63, etc.; καθαιρεῖν τὸ ς. to take it down, strike the flag, as a sign of dissolving an assembly, And.1.36; τὸ τῆς ἐκκλησίας ς. Ar.Th. 278; ὕστερος ἐλθεῖν τοῦ ς. Id.V. 690: generally, signal,

σ. ὑποδηλῶσαί τινι ὅτι.. Id.Th. 1011

;

τὰ σ. αὐτοῖς ἤρθη Th.4.42

; τὸ σ. τοῦ πυρός, ὡς εἴρητο, ἀνέσχον ib. 111; signal to commence work, [

ἡ] τοῦ σημείου ἄρσις Ath.Mitt.35.403

(Pergam.); σημείῳ ἀβαστάκτῳ, σημείοις ἀβαστάκτοις with unremoved signal (s), of gymnasia, i.e. never closed, IGRom.4.446 (ibid.), Abh.Berl.Akad.1932(5).44(ibid., ii A.D.).

4 standard or flag, on the admiral's ship, Hdt.8.92; on the general's tent, X.Cyr.8.5.13; ἔξω τῶν ς. out of the lines, ib.8.3.19.

b body of troops under one standard or flag, PAmh.2.39.2 (ii B.C.); cf.

σημεία 1.2

.

5 landmark, boundary, limit, ἔξω τῶν σ. τοῦ ὑμετέρου ἐμπορίου out of the limits of your commercial port, D.35.28; of milestones, Plu.CG7, Hdn.2.13.9.

6 device upon a shield, Hdt.1.171, E.Ph. 1114; upon ships, figure-head, Ar.Ra. 933, Th.6.31, E.IA 255 (lyr.).

7 signet on ring, etc., Ar.Eq. 952, V. 585, Pl.Tht. 191d, al., X.HG5.1.30, D.42.2, PRev.Laws 26.5 (iii B.C.); figure, image,

Διὸς κτησίου Anticl.13

; badge,

τρίαιναν σ. θεοῦ A.Supp. 218

: pl., written characters,

γράψαι σημήϊα.. φωνῆς IG14.1549

([place name] Rome).

b pl. ([dialect] Dor.) σαμεῖα, stripes, ib.5(1).1390.16 (Andania, i B.C.); clavi· σημεῖα, Gloss.

8 watchword, war-cry, Plb.5.69.8;

ἀπὸ σ. ἑνὸς ἐπιστρέφειν τὰς ναῦς Th.2.90

, cf.X.HG6.2.28.

9 birthmark or distinguishing feature, Wilcken Chr.76.14 (ii A.D.), Sammelb.15.27 (ii A.D.), etc.

II sign, token, indication of anything that is or is to be, S.OT 1059, E.Ph. 1332;

σ. φαίνεις ἐσθλὸς.. γεγώς S.El.24

, cf. OT 710;

τέχνης σ. τῆς ἐμῆς Id.Ant. 998

; so later

τὰ σ. τῶν καιρῶν Ev.Matt.16.3

, etc.

2 in reasoning, a sign or proof, Ar.Nu. 369, Th.1.6,10, And. 2.25, etc.;

τούτων ὑμῖν σημεῖα δείξω Aeschin.2.103

, cf. 3.46;

τάδε τὰ σ. ὡς.. X.Ages.1.5

;

σ. εἰ.. Pl.Grg. 520e

; ὅτι ἀγαθὸς ἦν.., τοῦτο μέγιστον ς. Id.Min. 321b; τὸ μὴ ἐκδυθῆναι οὐδὲν σ. ἐστι is no proof to the contrary, Antipho 2.2.5; also, instance, example, Hp.VM 20; σημεῖον δέ· to introduce an argument, D.21.149, Isoc.4.86,107, etc.

3 in the Logic of Arist., a sign used as a probable argument in proof of a conclusion, opp. τεκμήριον (a demonstrative or certain proof), APr. 70a11, SE 167b9, Rh. 1357a33.

b in Stoic and Epicurean philos., sign as observable basis of inference to the unobserved or unobservable, Epicur.Ep.2p.43U., Phld.Sign.27, al., S.E.M.8.142, al.; περὶ σημείων (dub. sens.), title of work by Zeno, Stoic.1.14.

4 Medic., symptom, Hp.Morb.3.6, 15, Aret.SD1.9, Gal.1.313, 18(2).306.

b = Lat. lenticula, a kind of skin-eruption, Cels.6.5.1.

5 pl., shorthand symbols, Plu.Cat.Mi.23, Gal. Libr.Propr.1, POxy.724.3 (ii A.D.), Lib.Or.42.25.

6 critical mark, Heph.Poëm.p.73C., D.L.3.65.

III = στιγμή, mathematical point, Arist.APo. 76b5, Ph. 240b3, Euc.Def.1, al.; also ς. (with or without χρόνου) point of time, instant, Arist.Cael. 283a11, Ph. 262b2sq.

2 in Prosody and Music, unit of time, Aristid.Quint.1.14, Longin.Proll. Heph.5.

σύμβολον, τό,

A tally, i.e. each of two halves or corresponding pieces of an ἀστράγαλος or other object, which two ξένοι, or any two contracting parties, broke between them, each party keeping one piece, in order to have proof of the identity of the presenter of the other,

ἀποδεικνύντες τὰ σ. ἀπαίτεον τὰ χρήματα Hdt.6.86

.

β; ξένοις τε πέμψω σύμβολ', οἳ δράσουσί σ' εὖ E.Med. 613

(cf. Sch.); διαπεπρισμένα ἡμίσε' ἀκριβῶς ὡσπερεὶ τὰ ς. Eub.70; ὡς σ. ὀρέγεται ἀλλήλων [τὰ ἐναντία] Arist.EE 1239b31; ζητεῖ.. τὸ αὑτοῦ ἕκαστος ς. Pl.Smp. 191d;

καθάπερ ἐκ συμβόλων Arist.Mete. 360a26

, cf. GA 722b11, Pol. 1294a35; ἔχειν σύμβολα πρὸς ἄλληλα complementary factors, Id.GC 331a24; ποιησάσθω σύμβολα ἡ βουλὴ πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα τὸν Σιδωνίων, ὅπως ἂν ὁ δῆμος ὁ Ἀθηναίων εἰδῇ, ἐάν τι πέμπῃ κτλ. IG22.141.19.

b of other devices having the same purpose, e.g. a seal-impression on wax, Plaut. Pseud. 55 (hence ς. = signet-ring, Plin.HN33.10); an extant bronze hand is inscribed

σ. πρὸς Οὐελαυνίους IG14.2432

([place name] Gaul), cf. 279 (Lilybaeum, ii B.C., where the word does not occur).

2 any token serving as proof of identity,

ἔλαβε σ. παρὰ βασιλέως τοῦ μεγάλου φιάλην χρυσῆν Lys.19.25

; πολλῶν ἀγαθῶν.. εὐπορήσειν διὰ τὸ ς. ibid.; ὡς ἔγνω.. τὰ παρὰ τῆς γυναικὸς ς. X.Cyr.6.1.46; τὰ μητρὸς ς. E. Ion 1386, cf. Hel. 291, El. 577, Com.Adesp.17.16 D., D.S.4.59, Plu.Thes.6; ἰδοὺ τὰ ς. here are my credentials, Arr.Epict.1.16.11, cf. 3.22.99, 4.8.20; ἔχοντες σ. σαφὲς λύπης bearing clear credentials (consisting) of (a common) grief, S.Ph. 403, cf. Aristid.1.416 J.

3 guarantee,

σ. τῆς παιδεύσεως πιστότατον Isoc.4.49

;

σ. ὅτι παρ' ἐμοῦ [ἡ ἐπιστολή] ἐστι Pl.Ep. 360a

, cf. 363b;

σ. τῆς σωτηρίας D.15.4

;

σ. τοῦ συμφέροντος εἰς τὸ μὴ βλάπτειν ἀλλήλους Epicur.Sent.31

.

4 token, esp. of goodwill,

χρυσίον σ. φιλίας καὶ ξενίας Plu.Pyrrh.20

, cf. Art.18;

χρυσοῦν στέφανον ἔλαβον σ. περιέχοντα τῆς ὑμετέρας πρός με εὐσεβείας PLond.3.1178.13

(ii A.D.).

5 identity- token given to Athenian dicasts on entering the courts, entitling them to vote, and on presenting which they received another ς., in exchange for which they received their fee, Ar.Pl. 278, D.18.210, Arist.Ath.65.2, 68.2, Poll.8.16; also in the ecclesia, Ar.Ec. 297 (lyr.); διάδοσις τῶν ς. IG2.1749.76: extant theatre-tokens (without the word ς.) in IG5(2).323 (Mantinea, iv B.C.).

6 at Rome, = tessera, token entitling the bearer to a donation of corn or money, D.C.49.43.

II of written documents,

1 passport or the seal thereon, Ar.Av. 1214 (cf. Sch.); ἐκπλεῖν μηδένα ἀστῶν μηδὲ μέτοικον ἄνευ ς. Aen.Tact.10.8: metaph., Arr.Epict.3.12.15.

2 passenger-list, ἐμοῦ [τοῦ Ἑρμοῦ] τοὺς νεκροὺς ἀπαριθμοῦντος τῷ Αἰακῷ κἀκείνου λογιζομένου αὐτοὺς πρὸς τὸ.. πεμφθὲν αὐτῷ ς. Luc.Cat.4.

3 pl., treaty between two states providing for the security of one another's citizens and sts. for the settlement of commercial and other disputes (usu. in the law-courts of the defendant's city (cf. Harp. s.v.));

εἰσὶ.. αὐτοῖς συνθῆκαι περὶ τῶν εἰσαγωγίμων καὶ σ. περὶ τοῦ μὴ ἀδικεῖν Arist.Pol. 1280a39

;

σ. ποιήσασθαι πρὸς πόλιν D.7.11

, cf. And.4.18;

τὰ σ. συγχέων D.21.173

; ἀπὸ συμβόλων δικάζεσθαι, κοινωνεῖν, Antipho 5.78, Arist.Pol. 1275a10;

αἱ ἀπὸ συμβόλων δίκαι Id.Ath.59.6

; cf.

συμβολή 111

: sg. in same sense, Foed. Delph.Pell.1 A 7 (also written συββ- ib. 1 B 10, al.);

ἡ κατὰ τὸ σ. δικαιοδοσία πρός τινα Plb.23.1.2

, cf. 32.7.3; κατὰ τὸ ς. IG12(7).67.48 (Arcesine, iv/iii B.C.), 9(1).331.5 (Chaleion, ii B.C.); κατὰ τὸ δοχθὲν κοινᾷ ς. GDI5040.70 ([place name] Crete).

4 contract between individuals, PCair.Zen.724.7,13, 790.2 (iii B.C.), PTeb.5.212 (ii B.C.), 52.10 (ii B.C.); αἰσχρὰ κακοῖς ἔργοις σ. θηκάμενοι forming disgraceful compacts (sealed) by evil deeds, Thgn.1150;

τὰ τῷ Καίσαρι πεπραγμένα κυροῦν συμβόλῳ App.BC2.132

.

5 receipt, sts. made out in duplicate,

σ. διπλᾶ ἐσφραγισμένα PSI4.324.4

(iii B.C.), cf. PRev.Laws52.19 (iii B.C.), UPZ25.25, 26.16 (ii B.C.);

τὸ σ. τῆς ἀποχῆς PCair.Zen. 144.2

(iii B.C.);

σ. ἀποχῆς PEnteux.73.4

(iii B.C.);

σύμβολον ποιήσασθαι πρὸς αὐτόν PLille 4.18

(iii B.C.), cf. PHib.1.67.16 (iii B.C.);

σ. καὶ ἀντισύμβολα BGU1741.10

(i B.C.); receipt for a pledged article, PCair. Zen.120.3 (iii B.C.).

b fee for making out a receipt, PRyl.192.10 (ii A.D.), BGU1605.13 (ii A.D.), etc.

6 unilateral undertaking in writing, guarantee, PPetr.3p.164 (iii B.C.), PMich.Zen.57.4 (iii B.C.), UPZ 112 ii 1 (ii B.C.).

7 warrant entitling the holder to draw allowances over a period,

τοῦ κθ ἔτους τὸ σ. τοῦ ὀψωνίου καὶ τῆς ἀγορᾶς σύνταξον γράψαι PSI5.504.8

(iii B.C.); σ. σιτικὰ καὶ ἀργυρικά (bequeathed) PGrenf.1.21.16 (ii B.C.); σφράγισαι τὸ ς. PCair.Zen.375.11 (iii B.C.), cf. PSI4.349.2,7 (iii B.C.), UPZ14.89 (ii B.C.);

τὰ σ. τῶν σιταρχιῶν BGU1755.5

(i B.C.).

8 warrant or commission from the Emperor, by which officers held their posts, Cod.Just.1.5.12.1, 11; σ. τριβούνου ib.12.33.8 Intr.

III more generally, token, φυλάσσω λαμπάδος τὸ ς. the beacon- token, A.Ag.8; τέκμαρ τοιοῦτο σ. τέ σοι λέγω ib. 315; μανθάνω τὸ ς. E.Or. 1130, cf.Rh. 220; clue, S.OT 221; χειμῶνος ς. a sign of an approaching storm, Anaxag. 19, Sch.Arat.832;

νόμισμα σ. τῆς ἀλλαγῆς ἕνεκα γενήσεται Pl.R. 371b

;

ἔστι τὰ ἐν τῇ φωνῇ τῶν ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ παθημάτων σ., καὶ τὰ γραφόμενα τῶν ἐν τῇ φωνῇ Arist.Int. 16a4

, cf. 24b2, Sens. 437a15; τὰ τεχνητὰ τῶν ς. Plu.Per.6; νίκης σ. Ἰσθμιάδος, of the celery-wreath, Call.Fr. 103; τὰ τῶν στρατοπέδων ς. legionary standards, Hdn.4.7.7; insignia of deities, D.H.8.38;

τῆς βασιλείας Plu.

Comp.Cim. Luc.3; εἰράνας σ. καὶ πολέμον, of a trumpet, AP6.151 (Tymn.).

2 omen, portent, Archil.44, A.Ag. 144 (lyr.);

σ. δ' οὔ πώ τις ἐπιχθονίων πιστὸν ἀμφὶ πράξιος ἐσσομένας εὗρεν θεόθεν Pi.O.12.7

(cf. Sch.); οἱ διὰ συμβόλων.. προλέγοντες distd. from other kinds of μάντεις, Gal. 15.442;

περὶ οἰωνῶν καὶ σ. καὶ διοσημιῶν Iamb.VP13.62

;= auspicium, Gloss.; ἐν τοῖς λικμητηρίοις γεννώμενα τὰ βρέφη ἐτίθεσαν εἰς σ. εὐτροφίας Sch.Arat.268.

3 Medic., symptom, Gal.19.217, Aret.CD1.4, al.

4 prearranged signal,

ἐπιχειρήσεως Plu.Rom.14

; watchword, E.Rh. 573.

5 secret code,

τὰ μυστικὰ σ. τῶν περὶ τὸν Διόνυσον ὀργιασμῶν, ἃ σύνισμεν ἀλλήλοις οἱ κοινωνοῦντες Plu.2.611d

, cf. Orph.Fr.31.23; consisting of a signum and a responsum, Firm. De Errore 18; τὰ σ. [Πυθαγόρου] Arist.Fr. 197, Plu.2.727c; περὶ Πυθαγορικῶν ς., title of a work by Androcydes, Iamb.VP28.145; secret sign, γράψαι τι σ. ἐν πίνακι,.. μαθεῖν τὸν θέντα τὸ ς. ib.33.238, cf. 23.103, 32.227, Luc.Laps.5; allegory, Chrysipp.Stoic.2.256, 257, Demetr. Eloc. 243;

διὰ συμβόλων μηνύειν Ph.2.559

, cf. 1.681, al., Dam.Pr. 210.

6 religious creed, τὸ ἅγιον μάθημα ἤτοι ς. Cod.Just.1.1.7.11, cf. 13.

IV pl., standard weights, IG22.1013.8.

V a small coin, perh. a half-obol, shaped D, Hermipp.61, Ar.Fr.44, Archipp. 8: hence σύμβολον κεκαρμένος with half the head shaved, Hermipp.14.

σῆμα, [dialect] Dor. [full] σᾶμα Berl.Sitzb.1927.161 ([place name] Cyrene), etc.: ατος, τό:—

A sign, mark, token, Il.10.466, 23.326, Od.19.250, etc.; of the star on a horse's forehead, Il.23.455;

ἥβης σήματα γεινομένης Sol.27.4

;

νέφος σ. χειμῶνος Archil.54

; esp.

1 sign from heaven, omen, portent, in phrases,

σήματα φαίνω Il.2.353

, cf. 308;

κτύπε Ζεύς, σ. τιθεὶς Τρώεσσι 8.171

;

δεικνὺς σ. βροτοῖσι 13.244

;

θεοῦ σάμασιν πιθόμενοι Pi. P.4.200

, cf. 1.3; φλογωπὰ ς. A.Pr. 498, cf. Ch. 259; of things heard as well as seen,

ἔπος φάτο σ. ἄνακτι Od.20.111

.

2 generally, sign to do or begin something,

τόδε σ. τετύχθω 21.231

;

σ. ἀροτοῖο Hes. Op. 450

; esp. watchword,

τί τὸ σῆμα; θρόει E.Rh.12

(anap.), cf. 688; battle-sign, signal,

σ. μάχης Id.Ph. 1378

.

3 sign by which a grave is known, mound, cairn, barrow, Il.2.814, etc.;

τοῦ δὲ τάφον καὶ σῆμ' ἀϊδὲς ποίησεν Ἄναυρος Hes.Sc. 477

; ἐπὶ σῆμ' ἔχεεν raised a mound, Il.6.419, etc.;

σ. κυνός E.Hec. 1273

: c. dat. pers.,

σῆμά τέ οἱ χεύω Od. 2.222

;

σῆμά τέ μοι χεῦαι.. ἀνδρὸς δυστήνοιο 11.75

;

σάματι πὰρ Πέλοπος Pi.O.10(11).24

; grave, tomb, Hdt.1.93, 4.72, Berl.Sitzb. l.c., etc.; τὸ δημόσιον ς. Th.2.34;

στῆλαι ἀπὸ σημάτων Id.1.93

, cf. Ar.Th. 886, 888, etc.; ἤδη του.. ἤκουσα τῶν σοφῶν ὡς τὸ μὲν σῶμά ἐστιν ἡμῖν ς. Pl.Grg. 493a, cf. Cra. 400c.

4 mark to show the cast of a quoit or javelin,

ὑπέρβαλε σήματα πάντων Il.23.843

;

ὑπέρπτατο σ. πάντων Od.8.192

; also, boundary, D.P.18.

5 token by which any one's identity or commission was certified,

μιν ἐρέεινε καὶ ᾔτεε σ. ἰδέσθαι Il.6.176

, cf. 178; σ. λυγρά, of written characters or symbols, ib. 168; mark, token on the lot of Ajax, 7.189; so, device or bearing on a shield, by which a warrior is known, freq. in A.Th., as 387, 404, E.El. 456 (lyr.); of the seal set on a box, τῶνδ' ἀποίσεις ς. S.Tr. 614; mark made by an illiterate person, PMasp.163.37 (vi A.D.).

6 constellation, mostly in pl., heavenly bodies, S.Fr. 432; also λαμπρότατος μὲν ὅ γ' ἐστί, κακὸν δέ τε σῆμα τέτυκται, of Sirius, Il.22.30. (Perh. cogn. with Skt. dhyāti 'thinks'.)

τέρας, τό: gen. [dialect] Ep. αος (not in Hom. or Hes.), [dialect] Ion. εος Hdt.8.37: pl., nom. [dialect] Ep.

A

τέραα Od.12.394

, [dialect] Ion.

τέρεα Hdt.

l.c.,

τεράᾰτᾰ D.P.604

, Q.S.5.43;

τέρᾱ A.R.4.1410

, but

τέρᾰ Nic.Th. 186

; τέρα (quantity not stated) [dialect] Att.acc. to Moer.p.369 P., cf.Ar.Ra. 1343; gen. [dialect] Ep.

τεράων Il.12.229

,

τερέων Alc.155

; [dialect] Att. τερῶν acc. to Moer.l.c., Thom.Mag.p.348 R.; dat. [dialect] Ep.

τεράεσσι Il.4.398

, al.; later

τέρασι LXX De.26.8

, al.: the forms τέρατ-ος, -ι, -α, -ων are Hellenistic, Moer.pp.366,369 P., Thom.Mag.p.348 R. (

τέρατα LXX Ex.4.21

, al., τεράτων ib.Ps. 104 ( 105).27); gen. sg. τέρως v.l. in Paus.10.26.3: lengthd. metri gr.

τείρεα Il.18.485

(= IG42(1).129.9), Arat.692, A.R. 3.1362;

τείρεσιν h.Mart.7

; later

τείρεσσι IG14.2461.11

([place name] Massilia):— sign, wonder, marvel, portent,

ἡμῖν μὲν τόδ' ἔφηνε τ. Ζεύς Il.2.324

; ᾐτέομεν δὲ θεὸν φῆναι τ. Od.3.173;

τοῖσιν.. θεοὶ τέραα προὔφαινον 12.394

;

τέρας ἧκε Κρόνου πάϊς 21.415

; Ζεὺς δ' Ἔριδα προΐαλλε.., πολέμοιοτ. μετὰ χερσὶν ἔχουσαν a sign of coming battle, Il.11.4; esp. of signs in heaven, ἀστέρα ἧκε Κρόνου πάϊς.., ναύτῃσι τ. 4.76;

ἴρισσιν ἐοικότες, ἅς τε Κρονίων ἐν νέφεϊ στήριξε τ. μερόπων ἀνθρώπων 11.28

, cf. 17.548; and with pass. Verbs,

τ. φανήτω Od.20.101

:—so always when the first syll. is lengthd., v. supr.:—also in Prose,

ἢν δὲ χειμῶνος βροντὴ γένηται, ὡς τέρας θωμάζεται Hdt.4.28

, cf. 6.98;

τ. πέμπειν X.Mem. 1.4.15

;

ἐφάνη Hdt.7.57

;

ἐπιγίνεταί σφι τέρεα Id.8.37

, cf. Hes.Th. 744, Pi.O.13.73, etc.; freq. in NT,

σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα Ev.Marc.13.22

, al.

II in concrete sense, monster, Διὸς τ. αἰγιόχοιο, of the Gorgon's head, Il.5.742; of a serpent, 12.209, h.Ap. 302; δάϊον τ., of Typhoeus, A.Pr. 354; ἀπρόσμαχον τ., of Cerberus, S.Tr. 1098; οὔρειον τ., of the Sphinx, E.Ph. 806 (lyr.); ταῦρον, ἄγριον τ. Id.Hipp. 1214, cf. 1247;

ὅλον τ. ὀπτήσας.. βασιλεῖ παρέθηκε κάμηλον Antiph. 172.7

(anap.), cf. Epicr.3.13; used by Cicero of Caesar, Att.8.9.4.

2 monstrous birth, monstrosity, Pl.Cra. 393b, 394a, Aeschin.3.111, Arist.GA 769b30, 773a3, Vett.Val.341.13; ὡς ἔθρεψεν ἔκπαγλον τ. A. Ch. 548.

III in colloquial language,

τέρας λέγεις καὶ θαυμαστόν Pl.Hp.Ma. 283c

, cf. Tht. 163d;

τέρας λέγεις, εἰ.. Id.Men. 91d

; 'a marvel' of a cup, Theoc.1.56: pl., of incredible statements, Phld. Mus.p.74 K.

φάσμα, ατος, τό: ([etym.] φαίνω):—

A apparition, phantom, Hdt.6.69, 117, A.Ag. 415 (lyr.), etc.; φ. ἀνθρώπου spectral appearance of a man, Hdt. 4.15;

φ. γυναικός Id.8.84

, cf. Pl.Smp. 179d;

φ. νερτέρων E.Alc. 1127

; vision in a dream,

ὀνείρων φάσματα A.Ag. 274

, cf. S.El. 644, etc.; φ. νυκτός ib. 501 (lyr.);

νύχια φ. E.IT 1263

(lyr.).

2 appearance, phenomenon, Pl.Tht. 155a;

ἀνατολῆς φ. καὶ δύσεως Epicur.Nat.11.8

(pl.), al.: so, of strange phenomena in the heavens, Arist.Mete. 338b23, 342a35; of images apprehended by sense, Diog.Oen.Fr. 7.

3 of shows or mysteries, as images or types of realities,

εὐδαίμονα φ. μυούμενοι Pl.Phdr. 250c

.

4 sign from heaven, portent, omen, Hdt.3.10, 4.79, 7.37,38, 8.37, S.El. 1466, Pl.Plt. 268e, etc.;

φ. Κρονίδα Pi.O.8.43

, cf. A.Ag. 145 (pl., lyr.); Παλλάδα.. εὔσημον φ. ναυβάταις Eur.IA252 (lyr.).

5 monster, prodigy, periphr., φάσμα ταύρου, ὕδρας, a monster of a bull, of a hydra, S.Tr. 509 (lyr.), 837 codd. (lyr.); of the Sphinx, Epigr.Gr.1016.3.

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to suspect, to expect, to think, to believe, to deem' (Od.); new presents: ὑπ-οίζεσθαι ὑπονοεῖν H., ὑπερ-οιάζομαι `to be arrogant, to be smug' (Phot., Suid.; also H.?).

Other forms: ὀΐομαι (Hom.), οἶμαι (trag., Att.; cf. below), also act. 1. sg. ὀΐω, οἴω (Hom.), οἰῶ (Lac. in Ar. a.o., Bechtel Dial. 2, 351), aor. ὀΐσ(σ)ασθαι, ὀϊσθῆναι (ep.), οἰη-θῆναι (ion. att.), - σασθαι (Arat.; Wackernagel Unt. 183 n. 1), fut. οἰή-σομαι (Att.), - θήσομαι (Gal.).

Compounds: Sometimes w. prefix, e.g. συν-.

Derivatives: οἴη-σις f. (IA.), - μα n. (Plu., D. C.) `conceit, smugness, belief, opinion' with - ματίας m. `prig' (Ptol., H., Suid.), - τικός `arrogant' (Ph.); ἀν-ώϊσ-τος `unimagined, unthought-of' (ep. Φ 39), - τί adv. (δ 92).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [not] *h₃u̯is- `suppose, assume, have the opinion'

Etymology: As original forms can be considered ὀΐομαι (ῑ), ὀΐω (ῑ and ῐ), with οἴομαι, οἴω as sentence-phonetic variants. From there arose in unstressed position the esp. as parenthetic form used οἶμαι with ipf. ᾤμην (Ar.) beside ᾠόμην (Schwyzer 280 a. 679 n. 7 with J. Schmidt KZ 38, 33; diff. Wackernagel KZ 30, 315 f. = Kl. Schr. 1, 678f., Brugmann IF 29, 229ff.). From ὀϊσθῆναι, ἀν-ώϊστος appears as basic form prob. *ὀϜίσ-ι̯ομαι, from where ὀ(Ϝ)ίομαι, *ὄ(Ϝ)ι̯ομαι \> οἴομαι (cf. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 29; 371f.; 405, 407). -- Further unclear. By Kretschmer KZ 31, 455 a.o. (s. Bq and W.-Hofmann s. ōmen) as *ὀϜίσ-ι̯ομαι connected with Lat. ōmen `portent' (OLat. osmen) from *ou̯is-men. As however the nouns in - men are primary verbal derivations, this etymology is possible only on condition, that the disyllabic ou̯is-, which cannot be considered as verbal root, contains a prefix o-; this can be solved by assuming *h₃u̯is-, Beekes, Devel. 58. (Diff. on ōmen Porzig IF 42, 266). Thus Brugmann l. c. assumes a prefixal *ὀ-ίσ-ι̯ομαι, to Skt. ís-yati `set in quick movement' (s. on οἶμα); prop. meaning "come on something with my thinking", semantically rather uncertain. Similarly (to IE * eis- `move violently, push', but without prefix) Krogmann KZ 63, 131. -- An uncertain supposition on original impersonal use ( ὀΐεται μοι τ 312) in Debrunner Mus. Helv. 1, 43. On the middle form Schwyzer-Debrunner 234, Balmori Emer. 1, 42 ff.

Page in Frisk: 2,366

θαῦμα, ατος, τό (Hom. et al.; ins, LXX; TestSol 3:8 D; TestAbr A 3 p. 80, 12 [Stone p. 8]; 7 p. 84, 26f [Stone p. 16f]; JosAs 28:1; Jos., Ant. 15, 395).

① an object of wonder, wonder (Herm. Wr. 1, 16; PMich 149 III, 19 [II A.D.]; Philo, Plant. 3).

ⓐ gener. a wonder, marvel (Bacchylides 17, 123 of a divine miracle; Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 16, §67; Philostrat., Imag. 2, 12 p. 358, 1; 2, 18 p. 371, 6; Himerius, Or. 6 [=Or. 2], 25: Xerxes penetrates the strait; SibOr 3, 281) 2 Cor 11:14.

ⓑ wonder in special sense, portent, miracle (Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 1, 39 p. 41, 5; SEG VIII, 551, 35 [I B.C.]) ἰδεῖν θ. see a wonder, miracle MPol 15:1 (cp. Henioch. Com. 3 ὁρῶ θαῦμʼ ἄπιστον; Lucian, Adv. Ind. 8 θ. μέγα τοῖς ὁρῶσιν); TestSol 3:8 D.

② a state of wondering because one is extraordinarily impressed by someth., wonder, amazement (Hom. et al.; Plut., Timol. 241 [12, 9] μετὰ θαύματος; Job 18:20) ἐθαύμασα ἰδὼν αὐτὴν θαῦμα μέγα when I saw her I wondered in great amazement Rv 17:6. θ. ἐγένετο μέγα AcPl Ha 4, 25.—B. 1093f. DELG. M-M. Schmidt, Syn. IV 179–88. TW. Sv.

καταφθείρω fut. καταφθερῶ 2 Ch 17:7; aor. κατέφθειρα LXX; pf. κατέφθαρκα LXX. Pass.: 2 fut. καταφθαρήσομαι; 2 aor. κατεφθάρην; pf. ptc. κατεφθαρμένος (s. next entry and φθείρω; Aeschyl., Pla., et al.; ins, pap, LXX; TestAsh 7:2; EpArist; Philo, Deus Imm. 141; 142; Just., D. 31, 5 [Da 7:19]).

① destroy (Aeschyl., LXX) pass. be destroyed (Polyb. 2, 64, 3; Lev 26:39; 2 Km 14:14 v.l.; 2 Macc 5:14) 2 Pt 2:12 v.l. (cp. the portent Plut., Demetr. 894 [12, 3]).

② ruin, corrupt τινά someone; of grief παρὰ πάντα τὰ πνεύματα κ. τὸν ἄνθρωπον it ruins a man more than all the (other) spirits Hm 10, 1, 2. Pass. be ruined, become useless (SIG 1157, 74 [I B.C.] δένδρα; pap) ἀπό τινος for someth. ἀπὸ τῶν βιωτικῶν πράξεων for the duties of everyday life Hv 1, 3, 1b; cp. Hs 6, 2, 4. κ. ὑπό τινος εἴς τι: εἰς θάνατον be injured by someone so that one dies Hs 9, 26, 6. κατεφθαρμένος τὸν νοῦν depraved in mind 2 Ti 3:8 (Menand., Epitr. 692 S. p. 347 [502 Kö.] καταφθαρεὶς τὸν βίον). Abs. Hv 1, 3, 1a; m 10, 1, 4; Hs 9, 14, 3; 9, 26, 4.—M-M. TW. Spicq.

σχίζω fut. σχίσω; 1 aor. ἔσχισα. Pass.: fut. 3 sg.; aor. ἐσχίσθην; pf. ptc. pl. ἐσχισμένοι Is 36:22 (Hom. Hymns et al.; pap, LXX, Test12Patr; JosAs 14:3; ParJer 2:5; Philo; Jos., Ant. 8, 207; 20, 97)

① to divide by use of force, split, divide, separate, tear apart, tear off lit. τὶ someth.

ⓐ act. τὸ ξύλον split the wood (Antig. Car. 142 ξύλον σχίσας; Paradoxogr. Flor. 9; Paroem. Gr.: Apostolius 7, 24a) Ox 1 recto, 8 (GTh 77; cp. Eccl 10:9, also Gen 22:3; 1 Km 6:14 and see ἐγείρω 10). τὸ καινὸν σχίσει he will tear the new Lk 5:36b. Cp. J 19:24. ἐπίβλημα ἀπὸ ἱματίου σχ. tear (off) a patch from a garment Lk 5:36a (cp. Jos., Ant, 8, 207).

ⓑ pass. be divided, be torn, be split αἱ πέτραι ἐσχίσθησαν the rocks were split Mt 27:51b (cp. Is 48:21; TestLevi 4:1; PTebt 273, 43; 52 λίθος σχισθείς). Of the curtain in the temple (s. καταπέτασμα) ἐσχίσθη (it) was torn (cp. Anacr. 95b Diehl; as portent, cp. Plut., Dem. 894 [12, 3] of Athena’s robe, which was rent [ἐρράγη] during a procession) Lk 23:45; εἰς δύο (cp. schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 4, 282–91b p. 281, 10 W. σχίζεται εἰς δύο; Polyb. 2, 16, 11 εἰς δύο μέρη; PGM 13, 262 σχίσον εἰς δύο=in two) Mt 27:51a; Mk 15:38 (D + μέρη). Of a net J 21:11. Of the dome of heaven Mk 1:10 (JosAs 14:4 ἐσχίσθη ὁ οὐρανός; Himerius, Or. [Ecl.] 32, 14 οὐρανὸν σχίσας for a divine announcement, to bring from the house of Zeus a pure soul, τῶν θείων φασμάτων παρʼ ἡμᾶς τὴν οὐσίαν διαπορθμεύουσαν=who communicates to us the nature of the divine appearances).

② to tear apart a group through conflicting aims or objectives, fig. ext. of 1

ⓐ act. cause a division/schism IPhld 3:3 (cp. Dionys. Alex. in Eus., HE 6, 45).

ⓑ pass. become divided/disunited (X., Symp. 4, 59 ἐσχίσθησαν, καὶ οἱ μὲν …, οἱ δέ) ἐσχίσθη τὸ πλῆθος Ac 14:4; 23:7 (cp. Diod S 12, 66, 2 τοῦ πλήθους σχιζομένου κατὰ τὴν αἵρεσιν; Celsus 3, 10; Ps.-Lucian, Asin. 54 εἰς δύο γνώμας).—B. 564; 845. DELG. M-M. TW.

τέρας, ατος, τό (Hom. et al.) someth. that astounds because of transcendent association, prodigy, portent, omen, wonder in our lit. only pl. and combined w. σημεῖα; s. σημεῖον 2aβ and b, where all the passages containing τέρατα are given (ViZech 2; Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 83 §377 τέρατα πολλὰ ἐγίνοντο, i.e. terrifying portents caused by a divinity [τὸ δαιμόνιον, ὁ θεός] that foretell the destructive results of Sulla’s campaign in Italy).—PStein, ΤΕΡΑΣ, diss. Marburg 1909. DELG. M-M. TW.