harsh

in-dignus, a, um, adj., unworthy, undeserving (class.).

Of persons.

In gen., unworthy.

Absol.:

divitias quivis quamvis indignus, habere potest,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 16, 46:

indignissimi candidati,

Liv. 4, 57, 11 al. —

With abl.: te omni honore indignissimum judicat. Cic. Vatin. 16, 39; so id. Pis. 23, 54; Nep. Dat. 5, 5; Quint. 10, 1, 90; Curt. 4, 1, 10; Stat. Th. 11, 304 al.—

With gen.:

magnorum haud umquam indignus avorum,

Verg. A. 12, 649.—

With qui:

iine indigni erant qui impetrarent?

Cic. Rosc. Am. 41; so Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 15; Curt. 6, 4, 8:

indignus quem mors tam saeva maneret,

Juv. 4, 95 al. —

With ut:

cum indigni, ut a vobis redimeremur, visi simus,

Liv. 22, 59, 17.—

With inf.:

indigni ( = quos non decet) fraternum rumpere foedus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 35; Sil. 2, 111.—

Esp., not deserving any thing, undeserving:

Indignis si male dicitur, male dictum id esse duco,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 27:

ad calamitates hominum indignorum (sc. istis calamitatibus) sublevandas,

undeservedly suffering, Cic. Tusc. 4, 20, 46:

Pompeius morte,

Quint. 3, 8, 57:

cur eget indignus quisquam te divite,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 103:

indignus injuriā hac,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 12.—

Of inanim. and abstr. things.

Unworthy, unbecoming, shameful, intolerable, severe, cruel, harsh:

ne istuc nequiquam dixeris tam indignum dictum in me,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 108:

nulla vox est audita populi R. majestate indigna,

Caes. B. G. 7, 17:

nihil, quod ipsis esset indignum, committebant,

id. ib. 5, 35:

lictoribus indignum in modum mulcatis,

Liv. 29, 9, 6:

indignis modis acceptus,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 12:

facinus,

id. And. 1, 1, 118:

exempla,

id. Eun. 5, 5, 4:

mors,

Verg. A. 6, 163:

aliquid pro indignissimo habere,

Liv. 1, 40, 2:

hoc uno sol quicquam non vidit indignius,

Cic. Off. 2, 8, 28:

studiis indignum ferre laborem,

Juv. 7, 17:

hiemes,

severe, Verg. G. 2, 373:

fortuna,

id. A. 11, 108. — With the sup. in u:

digna atque indigna relatu Vociferans,

Verg. A. 9, 595; Liv. 34, 58, 4.—With inf.:

fabula non indigna referri,

Ov. A. A. 1, 681; id. M. 1, 508:

indignum est a pari vinci, aut superiore: indignius ab inferiore,

Cic. Quint. 31, 95:

non indignum videtur, egregium facinus memorare,

improper, Sall. J. 79, 1:

nonne hoc indignissimum est?

Cic. Rosc. Am. 3, 8; id. Div. in Caecil. 12, 38.— Absol.:

indignum, as an exclamation,

shame, Ov. M. 5, 37; Amm. 1, 6, 1; Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 22 al.—

Undeserved:

indigna pati,

Liv. 31, 30, 3:

indignamque necem pretium patietur amoris?

Ov. M. 10, 627.— Advv.: indignē and indignĭter.

Indigne.

Unworthily, undeservedly, dishonorably, shamefully:

indigne dotem quaerere,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 21:

meretricem deperit,

id. Bacch. 3, 3, 66:

aliquem injuria afficere,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 3:

cervices in carcere frangebantur indignissime civium R.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 57, § 147:

interierunt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 38, 8.—

Indignantly:

Macedones, eum sibi anteponi, indigne ferebant,

took it ill, Nep. Eum. 1, 3:

pati,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 31.—

Indigniter: vixit bis decem annis nata, Epigr. in Anthol. Lat. T. 2, p. 176 Burm.

in-jūcundus, a, um, adj.

Unpleasant (class.):

minime nobis injucundus labor,

Cic. Fin. 1, 1, 3:

rumor bonis,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 4:

odor,

Plin. 25, 7, 36, § 74:

sonus vocis,

Gell. 13, 20, 12:

schemata,

Quint. 4, 5, 4:

non injucundus auctor,

id. 10, 1, 124. — Comp., Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4, 123.—

Harsh, severe:

adversus malos,

Tac. Agr. 22. — Adv.: injūcundē, unpleasantly:

res injucundius actae,

Cic. Att. 1, 20, 1.

injustĭtĭa, ae, f. [injustus].

Injustice, unjust proceeding:

injustitiae duo genera sunt, etc.,

Cic. Off. 1, 7, 23:

totius injustitiae nulla capitalior est, quam eorum, etc.,

id. ib. 13, 41; id. N. D. 3, 28 fin.; id. Tusc. 4, 18, 42.— Plur.:

exprobrante illis peccata et injustitias,

Lact. 4, 16, 12.—

Severity, harsh proceeding:

eum ego hinc ejeci injustitiā meā,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 82.

in-justus, a, um, adj., that is contrary to right and justice, unjust, wrongful, unreasonable, excessive, oppressive, severe.

In gen., unsuitable, oppressive, excessive (rare):

onus ( = immodicum),

Cic. Or. 10, 35:

faenus,

Liv. 42, 5:

injustis collatum viribus hostem,

unequal, Stat. Th. 6, 774.—

In partic., unjust, wrongful:

vir maleficus naturā et injustus,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 57; id. Fl. 38, 97:

noverca,

harsh, severe, Verg. E. 3, 33:

homine imperito numquam quidquam injustius,

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 18:

emori, ne aliquid faciat injustum,

Lact. 5, 13, 15:

Samnites Sidicinis injusta arma cum intulissent,

Liv. 7, 29, 4:

injusto carpere dente,

with envious, malicious tooth, Ov. P. 3, 4, 73:

mare,

id. Am. 2, 11, 12:

iracundia,

Cic. de Or. 2, 50, 203:

id quam injustum in patriam... esset, non videbat,

id. Off. 3, 21, 82:

injustissima atque acerbissima incommoda,

id. Fam. 5, 17, 1:

injustaque regna tenebat,

unjustly gotten, Ov. M. 5, 277.— Subst.: injustum, i, n., injustice:

jura inventa metu injusti fateare necesse est,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 111. — Adv.: injustē.

In gen., i. q. injuriā, wrongfully, unfairly:

morbus non injuste terret,

not without cause, Cels. 7, 3.—

In partic., unjustly:

imperare alicui,

Plaut. Capt 2, 2, 58: in aliquem dicere, id. Bacch. 3, 3, 59:

facis injuste si putas, etc.,

Cic. Fl. 17, 41; id. Off. 1, 7, 23; 3, 21, 84 al.:

male et injuste facere,

Nep. Them. 7 fin. — Sup.:

injustissime,

Sall. J. 85, 43.

in-justus, a, um, adj., that is contrary to right and justice, unjust, wrongful, unreasonable, excessive, oppressive, severe.

In gen., unsuitable, oppressive, excessive (rare):

onus ( = immodicum),

Cic. Or. 10, 35:

faenus,

Liv. 42, 5:

injustis collatum viribus hostem,

unequal, Stat. Th. 6, 774.—

In partic., unjust, wrongful:

vir maleficus naturā et injustus,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 57; id. Fl. 38, 97:

noverca,

harsh, severe, Verg. E. 3, 33:

homine imperito numquam quidquam injustius,

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 18:

emori, ne aliquid faciat injustum,

Lact. 5, 13, 15:

Samnites Sidicinis injusta arma cum intulissent,

Liv. 7, 29, 4:

injusto carpere dente,

with envious, malicious tooth, Ov. P. 3, 4, 73:

mare,

id. Am. 2, 11, 12:

iracundia,

Cic. de Or. 2, 50, 203:

id quam injustum in patriam... esset, non videbat,

id. Off. 3, 21, 82:

injustissima atque acerbissima incommoda,

id. Fam. 5, 17, 1:

injustaque regna tenebat,

unjustly gotten, Ov. M. 5, 277.— Subst.: injustum, i, n., injustice:

jura inventa metu injusti fateare necesse est,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 111. — Adv.: injustē.

In gen., i. q. injuriā, wrongfully, unfairly:

morbus non injuste terret,

not without cause, Cels. 7, 3.—

In partic., unjustly:

imperare alicui,

Plaut. Capt 2, 2, 58: in aliquem dicere, id. Bacch. 3, 3, 59:

facis injuste si putas, etc.,

Cic. Fl. 17, 41; id. Off. 1, 7, 23; 3, 21, 84 al.:

male et injuste facere,

Nep. Them. 7 fin. — Sup.:

injustissime,

Sall. J. 85, 43.

importūnus ( inp-), a, um, adj. [from porto, qs. not conducive, not proper; opp. opportunus; hence], unfit, unsuitable, inconvenient (cf.: molestus, intempestivus, praeposterus).

In gen. (rare):

num importunum tempus in tanto otio?

Cic. de Or. 2, 5, 20 B. and K. (al. inopportunum):

aggeribus turribusque et aliis machinationibus locus inportunus,

Sall. J. 92, 7:

importuna locorum,

Sil. 3, 540; cf.:

Armeniam petunt, id temporis importunam, quia hiems occipiebat,

Tac. A. 12, 12: etenim est in eo loco sedes huic nostro non importuna sermoni, Crass. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 5, 18:

vi quidem regere patriam aut parentis importunum est,

Sall. J. 3, 2.—

ln partic., pregn.

Troublesome, grievous, distressing, dangerous (rare):

quom illi inportunam tempestatem conciet,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 3, 8:

neque alius importunior acutiorque morbus est,

Cels. 4, 3:

pauperies,

Hor. C. 3, 16, 37:

Caphareus,

stormy, Ov. M. 14, 481.—

With respect to character, indecorous, unmannerly, uncivil, rude, morose, harsh, churlish, cruel, savage (class.; syn.: crudelis, immanis; opp. clemens).

Of living beings:

tam enim esse clemens tyrannus quam rex importunus potest,

Cic. Rep. 1, 33:

importunus atque amens tyrannus,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 40, § 103:

crudelis atque importuna mulier,

id. Clu. 63, 177:

tam importunus tamque crudelis,

id. Fin. 1, 10, 35:

crudelissimus atque importunissimus tyrannus,

Liv. 29, 17, 20:

uxor importuna atque incommoda,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 47:

senex,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 23:

importunissimus hostis,

Cic. Cat. 2, 6, 12:

decemviri,

Liv. 5, 2, 8:

plebeii quam fuerint importuni, vides,

Cic. Fam. 9, 21 fin.:

locutores,

Gell. 1, 15, 1:

dives et importunus,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 185:

eripiet curule cui volet importunus ebur,

id. ib. 1, 6, 54:

volucres,

Verg. G. 1, 470; Hor. S. 1, 8, 6; cf.:

ales (bubo), i. e. infausta,

Verg. A. 12, 864.—

Of things:

immanis atque importuna natura,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 3, § 8:

libidines,

id. ib. 2, 4, 50, §

111: clades civitatis,

id. Brut. 97, 332:

mors,

Ov. Am. 3, 9, 19:

sitis famesque argenti,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 23:

importuna atque audax argutia,

Gell. 3, 1, 6. — Adv.: importunē ( inp-), unsuitably, unseasonably; rudely, violently:

confidere suis testibus et importune insistere,

Cic. Ac. 2, 25, 80:

repetere,

Dig. 13, 6, 17:

immittere versum de Pyrrho,

Gell. 10, 16, 18:

vexare civitates tyrannica crudelitate,

Just. 42, 1.— Comp.:

insultare veritati,

Lact. 5, 2. — Sup.:

facere,

Gell. 20, 6, 14.

mītesco ( mitisco), ĕre, v. inch. n. [mitis], to become mild or mellow, to grow ripe (of fruits, to lose their roughness or harsh flavor; class.).

Lit.: nec grandiri frugum fetum posse nec mitescere, Pac. ap. Non. 343, 16 (Trag. Rel. v. 142 Rib.): uvae a sole mitescunt, Cic. Oecon. ap. Gell. 15, 5, 8:

mala,

Plin. 15, 14, 15, § 51:

cornus, arbutus, prunus, piri,

to grow mellow, ripe, Col. 7, 9:

sunt (herbae) quae mitescere flamma, Mollirique queant,

Ov. M. 15, 78:

ervum,

Plin. 22, 25, 73, § 153.—

Transf., in gen., to grow mild, soft; to grow gentle, tame: offirmatod animo mitescit metus, Pac. ap. Non. 406, 9 (Trag. Rel. v. 293 Rib.): nullum est ingenium tantum neque cor tam ferum, quod non... mitiscat malo, Att. ap. Non. 473, 6 (Trag. Rel. v. 684 Rib.): caelum mitescere, arbores frondescere, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 28, 69:

hiems,

Liv. 23, 19:

annus,

Sil. 15, 505:

frigora,

Hor. C. 4, 7, 9:

Alpium juga,

Plin. 3, 25, 28, § 147:

ferae quaedam numquam mitescunt,

Liv. 33, 45. —

Trop., to grow mild, gentle:

nemo adeo ferus est, ut non mitescere possit,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 39.

mītesco ( mitisco), ĕre, v. inch. n. [mitis], to become mild or mellow, to grow ripe (of fruits, to lose their roughness or harsh flavor; class.).

Lit.: nec grandiri frugum fetum posse nec mitescere, Pac. ap. Non. 343, 16 (Trag. Rel. v. 142 Rib.): uvae a sole mitescunt, Cic. Oecon. ap. Gell. 15, 5, 8:

mala,

Plin. 15, 14, 15, § 51:

cornus, arbutus, prunus, piri,

to grow mellow, ripe, Col. 7, 9:

sunt (herbae) quae mitescere flamma, Mollirique queant,

Ov. M. 15, 78:

ervum,

Plin. 22, 25, 73, § 153.—

Transf., in gen., to grow mild, soft; to grow gentle, tame: offirmatod animo mitescit metus, Pac. ap. Non. 406, 9 (Trag. Rel. v. 293 Rib.): nullum est ingenium tantum neque cor tam ferum, quod non... mitiscat malo, Att. ap. Non. 473, 6 (Trag. Rel. v. 684 Rib.): caelum mitescere, arbores frondescere, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 28, 69:

hiems,

Liv. 23, 19:

annus,

Sil. 15, 505:

frigora,

Hor. C. 4, 7, 9:

Alpium juga,

Plin. 3, 25, 28, § 147:

ferae quaedam numquam mitescunt,

Liv. 33, 45. —

Trop., to grow mild, gentle:

nemo adeo ferus est, ut non mitescere possit,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 39.

pĕr-ăcerbus, a, um, adj., very harsh to the taste.

Lit.:

uva peracerba gustatu,

Cic. Sen. 15, 53.—

Trop., very painful:

mihi peracerbum fuit, quod, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 6, 5, 6.

prae-fringo, frēgi, fractum, 3, v. a. [frango], to break off before or at the end, to break to pieces, shiver (class.):

ne caulis praefringatur,

Cato, R. R. 33 (cited by Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 20):

hastas,

Liv. 8, 10; so,

primam aciem telo,

to break off the point of the missile, Just. 6, 8, 2:

cornu galeae,

Liv. 27, 33:

praefracto rostro (triremis),

Caes. B. C. 2, 6: praefracta strigilis, Lucil. ap. Gell. 3, 14, 10:

praefracta ligna,

Lucr. 1, 892.—Hence, praefractus, a, um, P. a.

In rhet., broken, abrupt:

Thucydides praefractior,

Cic. Or. 13, 40.—

In character, stern, harsh, inflexible: Aristo Chius, praefractus, ferreus, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 155, 14:

praefractior atque abscissior justitia,

Val. Max. 6, 5 fin.:

praefractius perseverantiae exemplum,

sterner, firmer, id. 3, 8, ext. 3.— Adv.: praefractē, sternly, inflexibly, resolutely:

aerarium defendere,

Cic. Off. 3, 22, 88 (Non. 155, 11, reads praefractum).— Comp., Val. Max. 9, 7 fin.

pugnax, ācis, adj. [pugno], fond of fighting, combative, warlike, martial.

Lit.:

centuriones pugnaces,

Cic. Phil. 8, 9, 26:

acer et pugnax,

id. Rep. 5, 8, 10 (from Non. 337, 31):

Minerva,

Ov. Tr. 3, 9, 7:

Achivi,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 27:

filius Thetidis,

id. ib. 4, 6, 8:

gens,

Tac. Agr. 17:

hastas,

Prop. 3, 7 (4, 8), 25:

pugnacissimus quique,

Tac. H. 4, 60:

gentes pugnacissimae,

Curt. 3, 9, 3: hac legione noli pugnacius quidquam putare, Asin. Pol. ap. Cic. Fam, 10, 31, 5:

aries,

Col. 7, 3, 6; cf.:

galli gallinacei pugnacissimi duo,

Petr. 86:

ensis,

Ov. Tr. 5, 7, 48.— Poet., with inf.:

tenui pugnax instare veruto,

Sil. 3, 363.—

Trop., of a speech or of the speaker, combative, quarrelsome, contentious:

oratio pugnacior (opp. pacatior),

Cic. Brut. 31, 121:

oratio pugnax et contentiosa,

Plin. Ep. 2, 19, 5:

exordium dicendi vehemens et pugnax, non saepe esse debeat,

Cic. de Or. 2, 78, 317.—

Transf., in gen., obstinate, refractory, pertinacious:

Graecus nimis pugnax esse noluit,

Cic. Pis. 28, 70: non est pugnax in vitiis, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 13, 1.—Of things, concrete and abstract; with dat.:

ignis aquae pugnax,

Ov. M. 1, 432; Plin. 15, 3, 4, § 13:

musta,

harsh, id. 14, 20, 25, § 125:

quid ferri duritiā pugnacius?

id. 36, 16, 25, § 127.—Hence, adv.: pugnācĭter, contentiously, violently, obstinately:

certare cum aliis pugnaciter,

Cic. Ac. 2, 20, 65:

dicere,

Quint. 9, 4, 126:

ferire,

Sen. Q. N. 1, 2, 11.— Comp.:

alia pugnacius dicenda,

Quint. 9, 4, 130.— Sup.:

pugnacissime defendere sententiam,

Cic. Ac. 2, 3, 9.

rāsūra, ae, f. [id.].

Lit., a scraping, a shaving (post-Aug.):

calami,

Col. 4, 29, 9:

barbae capitisque,

Hier. in Isa. 5, 15, 2.—

Concr., what is scraped or shaved off; a scraping, shaving:

eboris,

Veg. 1, 10, 6; 6 (4), 8, 8.—

Trop.:

gulae,

the harsh pronunciation of the gutturals by the Orientals, Hier. in Ep. Paul. ad Tit. 2, 9.

raucus, a, um, adj. [from root ru-, to make a loud noise, ravus], hoarse.

Lit. (freq. and class.):

rogitando sum raucus factus,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 1, 16: expurigabo ad raucam ravim omnia, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 164, 19:

nos raucos saepe attentissime audiri video: at Aesopum, si paulum irrauserit, explodi,

Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 259; Prop. 1, 16, 39:

cornices,

Lucr. 6, 751:

palumbes,

Verg. E. 1, 58:

cicadae,

id. ib. 2, 12:

fauces,

Lucr. 6, 1189; cf.

guttur,

Ov. M. 2, 484:

os aselli,

id. F. 1, 433:

vox (ranarum),

id. M. 6, 377:

garrulitas (picarum),

id. ib. 5, 678:

stridor (simiae),

id. ib. 14, 100:

quaere peregrinum vicinia rauca reclamat,

screaming herself hoarse, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 62; cf.

circus,

Juv. 8, 59 Rup.:

causidici,

Mart. 4, 8, 2:

rogatores,

id. 10, 5, 4:

Codrus,

Juv. 1, 2:

cohors (Gallorum),

id. 6, 514:

illa (puella) sonat raucum quiddam,

Ov. A. A. 3, 289; cf. the foll.— Poet., in gen., of the swan:

dant sonitum rauci per stagna loquacia cygni,

Verg. A. 11, 458.— Comp.:

raucior,

Mart. Cap. 1, § 28; Serv. ad Verg. A. 7, 704.—

Transf., of inanimate things, hoarse, hollow, or deep sounding, harsh, rough, grating, etc. (only in the poets):

cornu,

Prop. 3, 3 (4, 2), 41:

cymbala,

id. 3, 17 (4, 16), 36:

tibia,

id. 3, 10 (4, 9), 23:

ossa (tubae),

id. 4 (5), 3, 20; cf.

aes (i. e. tuba),

Verg. G. 4, 71 et saep.:

murmur (undae),

id. ib. 1, 109; cf. Hadria, Hor. C. 2, 14, 14:

litus,

Stat. Th. 5, 291:

Aquilo,

Mart. 1, 50, 20:

tonitrua,

Stat. Th. 2, 40:

postes,

Prop. 4 (5), 8, 49; cf. Ov. Am. 1, 6, 50: aes (i. e. scutum). Verg. A. 2, 545 et saep.:

amnis Rauca sonans,

id. ib. 9, 125; cf.:

tumidus post flamina pontus Rauca gemit,

Luc. 5, 217:

arma raucum gemuere,

Sil. 2, 245; cf. Ov. A. A. 3, 289.—

Trop.:

te vero nolo, nisi ipse rumor jam raucus erit factus, ad Baias venire,

has become faint, died away, Cic. Fam. 9, 2, 5.

saevus, a, um (collat. form saevis, e; in gen. plur. saevium, Amm. 15, 9; 29, 5), adj. [etym. dub.; perh. akin with scaevus, q. v.], roused to fierceness (while ferus signifies naturally fierce); raging, furious, fell, savage, ferocious, etc. (mostly poet.)

Lit., of animals:

leones,

Lucr. 3, 306; 4, 1016; cf.:

saecla leonum,

id. 5, 862:

leaena,

Tib. 3, 4, 90:

lea,

Ov. M. 4, 102:

saevior leaena,

Verg. G. 3, 246:

apri,

Lucr. 5, 1327:

sues,

id. 5, 1309:

lupi,

Tib. 1, 5, 54:

canes,

Prop. 4 (5), 4, 40; Ov. M. 7, 64:

ferae,

Tib. 1, 10, 6; Ov. M. 4, 404; 7, 387:

belua,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 22.—

Transf., of any vehement, passionate excitement, fierce, cruel, violent, harsh, severe, fell, dire, barbarous, etc. (syn.: crudelis, inmitis, trux, durus).

Of persons:

nunc truculento mihi atque saevo usus sene est,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 5, 3; so (with truculentus) id. Truc. 3, 2, 5; cf.:

agrestis, saevus, tristis, parcus, truculentus, etc.,

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 12:

gens, Cic. poët. Tusc. 2, 8, 20: ex amore saevus,

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 43:

uxor,

cross, Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 17:

vir,

Hor. C. 3, 10, 2:

custos,

id. Ep. 1, 16, 77:

magister,

id. ib. 1, 18, 13:

novercae,

Verg. G. 2, 128:

Canidia,

Hor. Epod. 5, 47:

Tisiphone,

id. S. 1, 8, 33:

mater Cupidinum,

id. C. 1, 19, 1; 4, 1, 5:

Juno,

Verg. A. 1, 4; cf.:

conjux Jovis,

Ov. M. 9, 199:

Proserpina,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 20:

Necessitas,

id. ib. 1, 35, 17:

tyrannus,

Ov. M. 6, 581; cf.:

cum tyranno saevissimo et violentissimo in suos,

Liv. 34, 32:

saevus metu,

Suet. Dom. 3:

aliquanto post civilis belli victoriam saevior,

id. ib. 10:

post cujus interitum vel saevissimus exstitit,

id. Tib. 61:

saevorum saevissime Centaurorum, Euryte,

Ov. M. 12, 219 et saep.: saevus in armis Aeneas acuit Martem, terrible, deinos, Verg. A. 12, 107:

Hector,

id. ib. 1, 99; Ov. M. 13, 177:

Achilles,

id. ib. 12, 582:

sed manibus qui saevus erit,

Tib. 1, 10, 67:

nimium in pellice saevae deae,

Ov. M. 4, 547:

videt Atridas Priamumque et saevum ambobus Achillem,

Verg. A. 1, 458:

saevus accusandis reis,

Tac. A. 11, 5:

duces,

Hor. C. 3, 16, 16.— Poet., with inf. (cf. saevio, II. A.):

quaelibet in quemvis opprobria fingere saevus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 30; cf. in comp.:

saevior ante alios iras servasse,

Sil. 11, 7.—

Of things: mare, Naev. ap. Fest. s. v. topper, p. 352 Müll.; Sall. J. 17, 5:

pelagus,

Ov. M. 14, 559:

fluctus,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 4:

procellae,

Lucr. 3, 805:

undae,

id. 5, [p. 1616] 222: saevi exsistunt turbines, Poët. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 39, 157:

ventus,

Cic. Att. 5, 12; Liv. 28, 18; Ov. M. 12, 8: tempestates, Lucil. ap. Non. 388, 17; Lucr. 6, 458; Liv. 24, 8; cf.

hiems,

id. 40, 45; Val. Fl. 7, 52:

Orion,

Verg. A. 7, 719:

scopulus,

id. ib. 5, 270:

ignes,

Prop. 1, 1, 27; Ov. M. 2, 313; Hor. C. 1, 16, 11:

bipennis,

Ov. M. 8, 766:

falx Priapi,

Tib. 1, 1, 18:

catenae,

Hor. C. 3, 11, 45: tympana, sounding harshly or terribly, id. ib. 1, 18, 13 et saep.: saevo ac duro in bello, Lucil. ap. Non. 388, 15; so,

bellum,

Lucr. 1, 475: saeva et tristia dicta, Lucil. ap. Non. 388, 23: unde superstitiosa primum saeva evasit vox fera, Poët. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 56, 115:

minae,

Prop. 1, 17, 6 sq.:

verba,

Hor. Epod. 12, 13:

jocus,

id. Ep. 2, 1, 148; id. C. 1, 33, 12:

naves,

id. ib. 1, 37, 30:

militia,

id. Ep. 1, 18, 54:

cum ex saevis et perditis rebus ad meliorem statum fortuna revocatur,

Cic. Rep. Fragm. 6, p. 419 Osann (5, p. 247 B. and K.; ap. Amm. 15, 5, 23): Medea amore saevo saucia, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 22, 34; and ap. Cic. Cael. 8, 18 (Trag. v. 288 Vahl.); so,

Amor,

Verg. E. 8, 47:

horror,

id. A. 12, 406:

verbera,

id. G. 3, 252:

ira,

Prop. 1, 18, 14:

damna,

Tac. A. 2, 26:

adulationes,

id. ib. 4, 20:

caedes,

Ov. M. 1, 161:

dolores,

Verg. A. 1, 25:

ira,

Ov. M. 1, 453:

paupertas,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 43:

quae sibi belligeranti saeva vel prospera evenissent,

Tac. A. 2, 5:

ut saeva et detestanda Quirinio clamitarent,

id. ib. 3, 23:

multa saevaque questus,

id. ib. 1, 6.— Adv., in three forms, saeve, saeviter (anteclass.), and saevum (in post-Aug. poets), fiercely, furiously, ferociously, cruelly, barbarously, etc.

saevē:

saeve et atrociter factitavit,

Suet. Tib. 59:

facere omnia,

Luc. 8, 492:

gesturus impia bella,

id. 7, 171. —

saevĭter: ferro cernunt de victoriā, Enn. ap Non. 511, 8; Att. and Afran. ib. 4, 7; Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 3; id. Poen. 1, 2, 122; id. Trin. 4, 3, 53.—

saevum:

cui arridens,

Sil. 1, 398; Stat. Th. 3, 589; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 285.—

Comp.:

lumina Gorgoneo saevius igne micant,

Ov. A. A. 3, 504; Plin. 30, 2, 5, § 15; Hor. C. 2, 10, 9.—

Sup.:

sunt (loca), quae tepent hieme, sed aestate saevissime candent,

Col. 1, 4, 9; Claud. ap. Suet. Claud. 2:

saevissime dentiunt,

Plin. 11, 37, 64, § 170.

saevus, a, um (collat. form saevis, e; in gen. plur. saevium, Amm. 15, 9; 29, 5), adj. [etym. dub.; perh. akin with scaevus, q. v.], roused to fierceness (while ferus signifies naturally fierce); raging, furious, fell, savage, ferocious, etc. (mostly poet.)

Lit., of animals:

leones,

Lucr. 3, 306; 4, 1016; cf.:

saecla leonum,

id. 5, 862:

leaena,

Tib. 3, 4, 90:

lea,

Ov. M. 4, 102:

saevior leaena,

Verg. G. 3, 246:

apri,

Lucr. 5, 1327:

sues,

id. 5, 1309:

lupi,

Tib. 1, 5, 54:

canes,

Prop. 4 (5), 4, 40; Ov. M. 7, 64:

ferae,

Tib. 1, 10, 6; Ov. M. 4, 404; 7, 387:

belua,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 22.—

Transf., of any vehement, passionate excitement, fierce, cruel, violent, harsh, severe, fell, dire, barbarous, etc. (syn.: crudelis, inmitis, trux, durus).

Of persons:

nunc truculento mihi atque saevo usus sene est,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 5, 3; so (with truculentus) id. Truc. 3, 2, 5; cf.:

agrestis, saevus, tristis, parcus, truculentus, etc.,

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 12:

gens, Cic. poët. Tusc. 2, 8, 20: ex amore saevus,

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 43:

uxor,

cross, Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 17:

vir,

Hor. C. 3, 10, 2:

custos,

id. Ep. 1, 16, 77:

magister,

id. ib. 1, 18, 13:

novercae,

Verg. G. 2, 128:

Canidia,

Hor. Epod. 5, 47:

Tisiphone,

id. S. 1, 8, 33:

mater Cupidinum,

id. C. 1, 19, 1; 4, 1, 5:

Juno,

Verg. A. 1, 4; cf.:

conjux Jovis,

Ov. M. 9, 199:

Proserpina,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 20:

Necessitas,

id. ib. 1, 35, 17:

tyrannus,

Ov. M. 6, 581; cf.:

cum tyranno saevissimo et violentissimo in suos,

Liv. 34, 32:

saevus metu,

Suet. Dom. 3:

aliquanto post civilis belli victoriam saevior,

id. ib. 10:

post cujus interitum vel saevissimus exstitit,

id. Tib. 61:

saevorum saevissime Centaurorum, Euryte,

Ov. M. 12, 219 et saep.: saevus in armis Aeneas acuit Martem, terrible, deinos, Verg. A. 12, 107:

Hector,

id. ib. 1, 99; Ov. M. 13, 177:

Achilles,

id. ib. 12, 582:

sed manibus qui saevus erit,

Tib. 1, 10, 67:

nimium in pellice saevae deae,

Ov. M. 4, 547:

videt Atridas Priamumque et saevum ambobus Achillem,

Verg. A. 1, 458:

saevus accusandis reis,

Tac. A. 11, 5:

duces,

Hor. C. 3, 16, 16.— Poet., with inf. (cf. saevio, II. A.):

quaelibet in quemvis opprobria fingere saevus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 30; cf. in comp.:

saevior ante alios iras servasse,

Sil. 11, 7.—

Of things: mare, Naev. ap. Fest. s. v. topper, p. 352 Müll.; Sall. J. 17, 5:

pelagus,

Ov. M. 14, 559:

fluctus,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 4:

procellae,

Lucr. 3, 805:

undae,

id. 5, [p. 1616] 222: saevi exsistunt turbines, Poët. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 39, 157:

ventus,

Cic. Att. 5, 12; Liv. 28, 18; Ov. M. 12, 8: tempestates, Lucil. ap. Non. 388, 17; Lucr. 6, 458; Liv. 24, 8; cf.

hiems,

id. 40, 45; Val. Fl. 7, 52:

Orion,

Verg. A. 7, 719:

scopulus,

id. ib. 5, 270:

ignes,

Prop. 1, 1, 27; Ov. M. 2, 313; Hor. C. 1, 16, 11:

bipennis,

Ov. M. 8, 766:

falx Priapi,

Tib. 1, 1, 18:

catenae,

Hor. C. 3, 11, 45: tympana, sounding harshly or terribly, id. ib. 1, 18, 13 et saep.: saevo ac duro in bello, Lucil. ap. Non. 388, 15; so,

bellum,

Lucr. 1, 475: saeva et tristia dicta, Lucil. ap. Non. 388, 23: unde superstitiosa primum saeva evasit vox fera, Poët. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 56, 115:

minae,

Prop. 1, 17, 6 sq.:

verba,

Hor. Epod. 12, 13:

jocus,

id. Ep. 2, 1, 148; id. C. 1, 33, 12:

naves,

id. ib. 1, 37, 30:

militia,

id. Ep. 1, 18, 54:

cum ex saevis et perditis rebus ad meliorem statum fortuna revocatur,

Cic. Rep. Fragm. 6, p. 419 Osann (5, p. 247 B. and K.; ap. Amm. 15, 5, 23): Medea amore saevo saucia, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 22, 34; and ap. Cic. Cael. 8, 18 (Trag. v. 288 Vahl.); so,

Amor,

Verg. E. 8, 47:

horror,

id. A. 12, 406:

verbera,

id. G. 3, 252:

ira,

Prop. 1, 18, 14:

damna,

Tac. A. 2, 26:

adulationes,

id. ib. 4, 20:

caedes,

Ov. M. 1, 161:

dolores,

Verg. A. 1, 25:

ira,

Ov. M. 1, 453:

paupertas,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 43:

quae sibi belligeranti saeva vel prospera evenissent,

Tac. A. 2, 5:

ut saeva et detestanda Quirinio clamitarent,

id. ib. 3, 23:

multa saevaque questus,

id. ib. 1, 6.— Adv., in three forms, saeve, saeviter (anteclass.), and saevum (in post-Aug. poets), fiercely, furiously, ferociously, cruelly, barbarously, etc.

saevē:

saeve et atrociter factitavit,

Suet. Tib. 59:

facere omnia,

Luc. 8, 492:

gesturus impia bella,

id. 7, 171. —

saevĭter: ferro cernunt de victoriā, Enn. ap Non. 511, 8; Att. and Afran. ib. 4, 7; Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 3; id. Poen. 1, 2, 122; id. Trin. 4, 3, 53.—

saevum:

cui arridens,

Sil. 1, 398; Stat. Th. 3, 589; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 285.—

Comp.:

lumina Gorgoneo saevius igne micant,

Ov. A. A. 3, 504; Plin. 30, 2, 5, § 15; Hor. C. 2, 10, 9.—

Sup.:

sunt (loca), quae tepent hieme, sed aestate saevissime candent,

Col. 1, 4, 9; Claud. ap. Suet. Claud. 2:

saevissime dentiunt,

Plin. 11, 37, 64, § 170.

scindo, scĭdi, scissum, 3 (old perf. redupl. scicidi, Enn., Naev., Att, and Afran. ap. Prisc. p. 890 P.; or Enn. p. 133 Vanl.; Com. Rel. pp. 19 and 164 Rib.; cf. also, sciciderat. [p. 1643] Gell 6, 9, 16), v. a. [akin to Gr. schizô, to split; cf. Germ. scheiden, and Lat. scio], to cut, tear, rend, or break asunder; to split, cleave, divide, or separate by force, etc. (freq. and class.; but in tempp.perf. ante-class.and postAug.; syn.: findo, rumpo).

Lit.: quom saxum scisciderit, Enn. ap. Prisc. l. l.: non ergo aquila scisciderat pectus, Att. ib. and ap. Gell. l. l.: satis fortiter vestras sciscidistis colus, Afran. ap. Prisc. l. l.: scindens dolore identidem intonsam comam, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 26, 62:

crines,

Verg. A. 12, 870; Ov. M. 11, 683:

capillos,

id. H. 3, 79; Tib. 1, 10, 55; cf.

, in a Greek construction: scissaeque capillos matres,

Ov. M. 8, 526:

vela,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 18:

epistulam,

Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 9:

vestem,

to tear open, Liv. 3, 58; Quint. 2, 15, 7; Prop. 2, 15 (3, 7), 18; Ov. M. 9, 166; Hor. C. 1, 17, 27; cf.:

vestem tibi de corpore,

Prop. 2, 5, 21:

pecora scindunt herbarum radices,

Col. 2, 18, 2:

asini me mordicibus scindant,

tear, lacerate, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 57:

sinus,

Ov. M. 10, 386:

latus flagello,

id. Ib. 185:

lacerum corpus ictibus innumeris,

Sil. 1, 172:

vitiato fistula plumbo Scinditur,

bursts open, Ov. M. 4, 123; cf.:

et faceret scissas languida ruga genas,

wrinkled, Prop. 3, 10, 6:

vallum,

to break through, tear up, Caes. B. G. 3, 5; 5, 51; Liv. 7, 37; Tac. H. 4, 28:

limen portae,

to break in pieces, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 31:

pontem,

to break down, id. ib. 5, 26:

cuneis lignum,

to split, cleave, Verg. G. 1, 144:

quercum cuneis,

id. A. 7, 510:

cuneis fissile robur,

id. ib. 6, 182; cf.:

ferro aequor (i. e. humum),

id. G. 1, 50; cf.

solum,

id. ib. 2, 399:

vomere terram,

Ov. A. A. 2, 671:

freta ictu (remorum),

id. M. 11, 463:

puppis aquas,

id. Tr. 1, 10, 48:

fluvios natatu,

Claud. Cons. Hon. 4, 347:

tellurem mare scindit,

Luc. 3, 61:

agmen,

Tac. A. 1, 65 et saep.:

labra,

to open wide, Quint. 11, 3, 81:

obsonium,

to cut up, carve, Sen. Vit. Beat. 17; cf.

nihil (edulium),

Mart. 3, 12, 2:

aves in frusta,

Sen. Brev. Vit. 12.—

Prov.: penulam alicui, to tear off one's travelling cloak, i.e. to urge, press, solicit one to stay, Cic. Att. 13, 33, 4.—

Transf., to part, separate, divide; of places:

dirimit scinditque Sueviam continuum montium jugum,

Tac. G. 43:

frons Italia in duo se cornua scindit,

Mel. 2, 4, 7.—

Mid.: omnis Italia scinditur in duo promuntoria,

Sall. H. 4, 18 Dietsch.—In gen.:

se (lutamenta),

Cato, R. R. 128:

se (nubes),

Verg. A. 1, 587.—Mid.:

omnis fumus, vapor, etc.... scinduntur per iter flexum,

Lucr. 4, 91:

scinditur in geminas partes circumfluus amnis,

Ov. M. 15, 739; Luc. 1, 551.— Absol.:

sentes quod tetigere, ilico rapiunt: si eas ereptum, ilico scindunt,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 6, 2.—

To destroy:

scindunt proceres Pergamum,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 130.—

Trop., to tear in pieces, to distract, agitate, disturb, etc.:

aliquem quāvis scindunt cuppedine curae,

Lucr. 3, 994:

quantae tum scindunt hominem cuppedinis acres Sollicitum curae,

id. 5, 46: nolo commemorare, quibus rebus sim spoliatus, ne scindam ipse dolorem meum, tear open, i. e. renew my grief, Cic. Att. 3, 15, 2:

non sine piaculo sanctissimas necessitudines scindi,

to be sundered, separated, Plin. Pan. 37 fin.:

ut (actio) noctis interventu scinderetur,

was interrupted, id. Ep. 2, 11, 16:

verba fletu,

Ov. P. 3, 1, 157:

vox scinditur,

is broken, cracked, Quint. 11, 3, 20:

sic genus amborum scindit se sanguine ab uno,

divides, branches off, Verg. A. 8, 142; cf.: scidit deinde se studium atque inertiā factum est, ut artes esse plures viderentur, was separated, divided, Quint. prooem. § 13; cf.:

naturalis pars philosophiae in duo scinditur corporalia et incorporalia,

Sen. Ep. 89, 16:

scinditur incertum studia in contraria vulgus,

Verg. A. 2, 39; cf. Tac. H. 1, 13:

scindebatur in multiplices curas,

Amm. 16, 3, 3.—Hence, scissus, a, um, P. a., split, cleft, divided.

Lit.:

folia pluribus divisuris,

Plin. 25, 5, 21, § 48:

vitis folio,

id. 14, 2, 4, § 23:

scissae (aures) cervis ac velut divisae,

id. 11, 37, 50, § 136:

alumen,

Col. 6, 13, 1 (for which:

scissile alumen,

Cels. 5, 2; 6, 11):

vestibus,

Vulg. Job, 2, 12.—

Trop.:

genus vocum,

harsh, grating, Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.—No comp., sup., or adv.

sĕvērus, a, um, adj. [perh. kindr. with serius], serious, grave, strict, austere, stern, severe in aspect, demeanor, conduct, etc. (of persons and things; serius regularly only of things; v. serius; class. and freq.).

Of persons:

nam te omnes saevom severumque commemorant,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 6:

quam severus!

Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 21; id. Eun. 2, 1, 21:

civis severus et gravis,

Cic. Lael. 25, 95; cf.:

omnium gravissimus et severissimus, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 56, 228:

Tubero (Stoicus) vitā severus,

id. Brut. 31, 117; cf.:

Stoicorum secta severissima,

Quint. 1, 10, 15:

agricolae,

hardended by toil, rugged, Lucr. 5, 1357:

Cures,

Verg. A. 8, 638:

Zethus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 42; cf. in comp.:

rumores senum severiorum,

Cat. 5, 2.—Of those who live a sober and temperate life:

at vos hinc abite, lymphae, Vini pernicies et ad severos Migrate,

Cat. 27, 6:

adimam cantare severis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 10; 1, 5, 13:

legis custodes,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 5, 18: neque severus esse (potest) in judicando, qui [p. 1687] alios in se severos esse judices non vult, id. Imp. Pomp. 13, 38; so,

judices severi in eos solos,

id. Clu. 20, 56; cf.:

severissimos atque integerrimos judices,

id. Verr. 1, 10, 30:

ex familiā ad judicandum severissimā,

id. ib.:

ubi haec severus te palam laudaveram,

Hor. Epod. 11, 19:

auctor e severissimis,

Plin. 11, 52, 114, § 274:

Aristolaus e severissimis pictoribus fuit,

id. 35, 11, 40, § 137 (for which, just before: austerior colore).—

In a bad sense, harsh, rough, crabbed, rigid, severe (rare):

Neptunus saevus severusque,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 6:

idem acerbe severus in filium,

Cic. Off. 3, 31, 112 dub. (a passage bracketed by B. and K.):

in me severior quam in vos,

Liv. 7, 40, 7; Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 21:

Eumenidum turba,

Prop. 4 (5), 11, 22; cf. II. B.—

Of things, grave, serious, severe, austere, etc.:

severā fronte curas cogitans,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 46:

vultus severior et tristior,

Cic. de Or. 2, 71, 289; cf. Hor. A. P 107:

frons,

Ov. Tr. 2, 241: Falernum, rough, sharp, tart (syn. austerum), Hor. C. 1, 27, 9:

divaeque (Palladis) severas Fronde ligare comas,

Stat. Achill. 1, 288:

animus (opp. mitis),

Quint. 3, 9, 7:

disciplina maxime severa,

id. 1, 2, 5:

imperia severiora,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 19, 43:

judicia severa,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 59, § 133:

lex,

Ov. P. 3, 3, 57:

severiora judicia,

Quint. 4, 2, 122:

severiores leges,

id. 12, 1, 40; cf.:

Lycurgus severissimarum justissimarumque legum auctor,

Vell. 1, 6, 3:

imperii severissimi vir,

Liv. 4, 26:

quod ego dixi per jocum, Id eventurum esse et severum et serium,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 51:

linque severa,

Hor. C. 3, 8, 28:

paulo severior poena,

Sall. C. 51, 15.—Of style:

sententiae graves et severae,

Cic. Brut. 95, 325:

triste et severum genus dicendi,

id. ib. 30, 113; so Quint. 2, 4, 6; 6, 3, 102; 9, 4, 63 sq.; 10, 1, 131 al.; cf.:

severae Musa tragoediae,

Hor. C. 2, 1, 9:

fidibus voces crevere severis,

id. A. P. 216.—

Severe, dreadful, gloomy:

severus Uncus abest,

Hor. C. 1, 35, 19:

silentia noctis,

Lucr. 4, 460:

heims,

Quint. Decl. 4, 14:

amnem Cocyti metuet,

Verg. G. 3, 37; cf. absol.: Si. Accurrite, Ne se interimat... Me. Hau! voluisti istuc severum facere? this horrible deed, Plaut. Cist. 3, 15 (but in Lucr. 5, 35 the correct read. is pelage sonora; v. Lachm. ad h. l.).—Hence, adv., in three forms, severe (class.), severiter (anteand post-class.), and severum (post-class.).

sĕvērē, gravely, seriously, austerely, rigidly, severely, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 19:

graviter et severe voluptatem secernit a bono,

id. Fin. 2, 8, 24:

vetuit (with graviter),

Quint. 11, 3, 148:

uti judicio,

id. 1, 3, 4:

aestimatae lites,

Cic. Mur. 20, 42; 25, 51:

vindicare Hiempsalis mortem,

Sall. J. 15, 3:

dicere,

Cic. Off. 1, 37, 134; Quint. 6, 3, 101; 8, 3, 40:

domesticam disciplinam regere,

Suet. Caes. 48.— Comp.:

ad aliquem severius scribere,

Caes. B. C. 3, 25:

adhibere aliquem,

Cic. Att. 10, 12, 3:

coërcere matrimonia,

Just. 3, 3, 8. — Sup.:

sunt qui voluptatem severissime contemnant,

Cic. Off. 1, 21, 71; so,

exacta aetas,

id. Rosc. Com. 15, 44:

dicere jus,

Suet. Caes. 43.—

sĕvērĭter, gravely, seriously, severely: sermonem cum aliquo conferre, Titin. ap. Non. 509, 33; and in Prisc. p. 1010 P.; Plaut., acc. to Prisc. 1. 1.; App. M. 2, p. 126, 33.—

sĕvērum, harshly, austerely:

nunc severum vivitur,

Prud. Cath. 2, 33.

Sĕvērus, i, m. [1. severus], a proper name.

Of several men.

Cornelius Severus, a poet in the Augustan age, Quint. 10, 1, 89; Ov. P. 4, 2, 2 sqq.; 4, 16, 9.—

Septimius Severus, a Roman emperor, A.D. 193-211.—

Alexander Severus, a Roman emperor, A. D. 222-235, Eutr. 8, 10; Spart. Sev. 1 sqq.—

T. Cassius Severus, a Roman orator, in the reigns of Augustus and Tiberius, Quint. 10, 1, 116; Tac. Or. 19.—

Sulpicius Severus, a bishop in Gaul, author of a Historia Sacra, and of the Vita S. Martini, and several smaller works. —

Mons Severus, a mountain in the country of the Sabines, Verg. A. 7, 713.

sĕvērus, a, um, adj. [perh. kindr. with serius], serious, grave, strict, austere, stern, severe in aspect, demeanor, conduct, etc. (of persons and things; serius regularly only of things; v. serius; class. and freq.).

Of persons:

nam te omnes saevom severumque commemorant,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 6:

quam severus!

Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 21; id. Eun. 2, 1, 21:

civis severus et gravis,

Cic. Lael. 25, 95; cf.:

omnium gravissimus et severissimus, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 56, 228:

Tubero (Stoicus) vitā severus,

id. Brut. 31, 117; cf.:

Stoicorum secta severissima,

Quint. 1, 10, 15:

agricolae,

hardended by toil, rugged, Lucr. 5, 1357:

Cures,

Verg. A. 8, 638:

Zethus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 42; cf. in comp.:

rumores senum severiorum,

Cat. 5, 2.—Of those who live a sober and temperate life:

at vos hinc abite, lymphae, Vini pernicies et ad severos Migrate,

Cat. 27, 6:

adimam cantare severis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 10; 1, 5, 13:

legis custodes,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 5, 18: neque severus esse (potest) in judicando, qui [p. 1687] alios in se severos esse judices non vult, id. Imp. Pomp. 13, 38; so,

judices severi in eos solos,

id. Clu. 20, 56; cf.:

severissimos atque integerrimos judices,

id. Verr. 1, 10, 30:

ex familiā ad judicandum severissimā,

id. ib.:

ubi haec severus te palam laudaveram,

Hor. Epod. 11, 19:

auctor e severissimis,

Plin. 11, 52, 114, § 274:

Aristolaus e severissimis pictoribus fuit,

id. 35, 11, 40, § 137 (for which, just before: austerior colore).—

In a bad sense, harsh, rough, crabbed, rigid, severe (rare):

Neptunus saevus severusque,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 6:

idem acerbe severus in filium,

Cic. Off. 3, 31, 112 dub. (a passage bracketed by B. and K.):

in me severior quam in vos,

Liv. 7, 40, 7; Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 21:

Eumenidum turba,

Prop. 4 (5), 11, 22; cf. II. B.—

Of things, grave, serious, severe, austere, etc.:

severā fronte curas cogitans,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 46:

vultus severior et tristior,

Cic. de Or. 2, 71, 289; cf. Hor. A. P 107:

frons,

Ov. Tr. 2, 241: Falernum, rough, sharp, tart (syn. austerum), Hor. C. 1, 27, 9:

divaeque (Palladis) severas Fronde ligare comas,

Stat. Achill. 1, 288:

animus (opp. mitis),

Quint. 3, 9, 7:

disciplina maxime severa,

id. 1, 2, 5:

imperia severiora,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 19, 43:

judicia severa,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 59, § 133:

lex,

Ov. P. 3, 3, 57:

severiora judicia,

Quint. 4, 2, 122:

severiores leges,

id. 12, 1, 40; cf.:

Lycurgus severissimarum justissimarumque legum auctor,

Vell. 1, 6, 3:

imperii severissimi vir,

Liv. 4, 26:

quod ego dixi per jocum, Id eventurum esse et severum et serium,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 51:

linque severa,

Hor. C. 3, 8, 28:

paulo severior poena,

Sall. C. 51, 15.—Of style:

sententiae graves et severae,

Cic. Brut. 95, 325:

triste et severum genus dicendi,

id. ib. 30, 113; so Quint. 2, 4, 6; 6, 3, 102; 9, 4, 63 sq.; 10, 1, 131 al.; cf.:

severae Musa tragoediae,

Hor. C. 2, 1, 9:

fidibus voces crevere severis,

id. A. P. 216.—

Severe, dreadful, gloomy:

severus Uncus abest,

Hor. C. 1, 35, 19:

silentia noctis,

Lucr. 4, 460:

heims,

Quint. Decl. 4, 14:

amnem Cocyti metuet,

Verg. G. 3, 37; cf. absol.: Si. Accurrite, Ne se interimat... Me. Hau! voluisti istuc severum facere? this horrible deed, Plaut. Cist. 3, 15 (but in Lucr. 5, 35 the correct read. is pelage sonora; v. Lachm. ad h. l.).—Hence, adv., in three forms, severe (class.), severiter (anteand post-class.), and severum (post-class.).

sĕvērē, gravely, seriously, austerely, rigidly, severely, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 19:

graviter et severe voluptatem secernit a bono,

id. Fin. 2, 8, 24:

vetuit (with graviter),

Quint. 11, 3, 148:

uti judicio,

id. 1, 3, 4:

aestimatae lites,

Cic. Mur. 20, 42; 25, 51:

vindicare Hiempsalis mortem,

Sall. J. 15, 3:

dicere,

Cic. Off. 1, 37, 134; Quint. 6, 3, 101; 8, 3, 40:

domesticam disciplinam regere,

Suet. Caes. 48.— Comp.:

ad aliquem severius scribere,

Caes. B. C. 3, 25:

adhibere aliquem,

Cic. Att. 10, 12, 3:

coërcere matrimonia,

Just. 3, 3, 8. — Sup.:

sunt qui voluptatem severissime contemnant,

Cic. Off. 1, 21, 71; so,

exacta aetas,

id. Rosc. Com. 15, 44:

dicere jus,

Suet. Caes. 43.—

sĕvērĭter, gravely, seriously, severely: sermonem cum aliquo conferre, Titin. ap. Non. 509, 33; and in Prisc. p. 1010 P.; Plaut., acc. to Prisc. 1. 1.; App. M. 2, p. 126, 33.—

sĕvērum, harshly, austerely:

nunc severum vivitur,

Prud. Cath. 2, 33.

Sĕvērus, i, m. [1. severus], a proper name.

Of several men.

Cornelius Severus, a poet in the Augustan age, Quint. 10, 1, 89; Ov. P. 4, 2, 2 sqq.; 4, 16, 9.—

Septimius Severus, a Roman emperor, A.D. 193-211.—

Alexander Severus, a Roman emperor, A. D. 222-235, Eutr. 8, 10; Spart. Sev. 1 sqq.—

T. Cassius Severus, a Roman orator, in the reigns of Augustus and Tiberius, Quint. 10, 1, 116; Tac. Or. 19.—

Sulpicius Severus, a bishop in Gaul, author of a Historia Sacra, and of the Vita S. Martini, and several smaller works. —

Mons Severus, a mountain in the country of the Sabines, Verg. A. 7, 713.

sĕvērus, a, um, adj. [perh. kindr. with serius], serious, grave, strict, austere, stern, severe in aspect, demeanor, conduct, etc. (of persons and things; serius regularly only of things; v. serius; class. and freq.).

Of persons:

nam te omnes saevom severumque commemorant,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 6:

quam severus!

Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 21; id. Eun. 2, 1, 21:

civis severus et gravis,

Cic. Lael. 25, 95; cf.:

omnium gravissimus et severissimus, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 56, 228:

Tubero (Stoicus) vitā severus,

id. Brut. 31, 117; cf.:

Stoicorum secta severissima,

Quint. 1, 10, 15:

agricolae,

hardended by toil, rugged, Lucr. 5, 1357:

Cures,

Verg. A. 8, 638:

Zethus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 42; cf. in comp.:

rumores senum severiorum,

Cat. 5, 2.—Of those who live a sober and temperate life:

at vos hinc abite, lymphae, Vini pernicies et ad severos Migrate,

Cat. 27, 6:

adimam cantare severis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 10; 1, 5, 13:

legis custodes,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 5, 18: neque severus esse (potest) in judicando, qui [p. 1687] alios in se severos esse judices non vult, id. Imp. Pomp. 13, 38; so,

judices severi in eos solos,

id. Clu. 20, 56; cf.:

severissimos atque integerrimos judices,

id. Verr. 1, 10, 30:

ex familiā ad judicandum severissimā,

id. ib.:

ubi haec severus te palam laudaveram,

Hor. Epod. 11, 19:

auctor e severissimis,

Plin. 11, 52, 114, § 274:

Aristolaus e severissimis pictoribus fuit,

id. 35, 11, 40, § 137 (for which, just before: austerior colore).—

In a bad sense, harsh, rough, crabbed, rigid, severe (rare):

Neptunus saevus severusque,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 6:

idem acerbe severus in filium,

Cic. Off. 3, 31, 112 dub. (a passage bracketed by B. and K.):

in me severior quam in vos,

Liv. 7, 40, 7; Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 21:

Eumenidum turba,

Prop. 4 (5), 11, 22; cf. II. B.—

Of things, grave, serious, severe, austere, etc.:

severā fronte curas cogitans,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 46:

vultus severior et tristior,

Cic. de Or. 2, 71, 289; cf. Hor. A. P 107:

frons,

Ov. Tr. 2, 241: Falernum, rough, sharp, tart (syn. austerum), Hor. C. 1, 27, 9:

divaeque (Palladis) severas Fronde ligare comas,

Stat. Achill. 1, 288:

animus (opp. mitis),

Quint. 3, 9, 7:

disciplina maxime severa,

id. 1, 2, 5:

imperia severiora,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 19, 43:

judicia severa,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 59, § 133:

lex,

Ov. P. 3, 3, 57:

severiora judicia,

Quint. 4, 2, 122:

severiores leges,

id. 12, 1, 40; cf.:

Lycurgus severissimarum justissimarumque legum auctor,

Vell. 1, 6, 3:

imperii severissimi vir,

Liv. 4, 26:

quod ego dixi per jocum, Id eventurum esse et severum et serium,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 51:

linque severa,

Hor. C. 3, 8, 28:

paulo severior poena,

Sall. C. 51, 15.—Of style:

sententiae graves et severae,

Cic. Brut. 95, 325:

triste et severum genus dicendi,

id. ib. 30, 113; so Quint. 2, 4, 6; 6, 3, 102; 9, 4, 63 sq.; 10, 1, 131 al.; cf.:

severae Musa tragoediae,

Hor. C. 2, 1, 9:

fidibus voces crevere severis,

id. A. P. 216.—

Severe, dreadful, gloomy:

severus Uncus abest,

Hor. C. 1, 35, 19:

silentia noctis,

Lucr. 4, 460:

heims,

Quint. Decl. 4, 14:

amnem Cocyti metuet,

Verg. G. 3, 37; cf. absol.: Si. Accurrite, Ne se interimat... Me. Hau! voluisti istuc severum facere? this horrible deed, Plaut. Cist. 3, 15 (but in Lucr. 5, 35 the correct read. is pelage sonora; v. Lachm. ad h. l.).—Hence, adv., in three forms, severe (class.), severiter (anteand post-class.), and severum (post-class.).

sĕvērē, gravely, seriously, austerely, rigidly, severely, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 19:

graviter et severe voluptatem secernit a bono,

id. Fin. 2, 8, 24:

vetuit (with graviter),

Quint. 11, 3, 148:

uti judicio,

id. 1, 3, 4:

aestimatae lites,

Cic. Mur. 20, 42; 25, 51:

vindicare Hiempsalis mortem,

Sall. J. 15, 3:

dicere,

Cic. Off. 1, 37, 134; Quint. 6, 3, 101; 8, 3, 40:

domesticam disciplinam regere,

Suet. Caes. 48.— Comp.:

ad aliquem severius scribere,

Caes. B. C. 3, 25:

adhibere aliquem,

Cic. Att. 10, 12, 3:

coërcere matrimonia,

Just. 3, 3, 8. — Sup.:

sunt qui voluptatem severissime contemnant,

Cic. Off. 1, 21, 71; so,

exacta aetas,

id. Rosc. Com. 15, 44:

dicere jus,

Suet. Caes. 43.—

sĕvērĭter, gravely, seriously, severely: sermonem cum aliquo conferre, Titin. ap. Non. 509, 33; and in Prisc. p. 1010 P.; Plaut., acc. to Prisc. 1. 1.; App. M. 2, p. 126, 33.—

sĕvērum, harshly, austerely:

nunc severum vivitur,

Prud. Cath. 2, 33.

Sĕvērus, i, m. [1. severus], a proper name.

Of several men.

Cornelius Severus, a poet in the Augustan age, Quint. 10, 1, 89; Ov. P. 4, 2, 2 sqq.; 4, 16, 9.—

Septimius Severus, a Roman emperor, A.D. 193-211.—

Alexander Severus, a Roman emperor, A. D. 222-235, Eutr. 8, 10; Spart. Sev. 1 sqq.—

T. Cassius Severus, a Roman orator, in the reigns of Augustus and Tiberius, Quint. 10, 1, 116; Tac. Or. 19.—

Sulpicius Severus, a bishop in Gaul, author of a Historia Sacra, and of the Vita S. Martini, and several smaller works. —

Mons Severus, a mountain in the country of the Sabines, Verg. A. 7, 713.