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101 cambio
m.1 change.se ha producido un cambio de situación the situation has changed, there has been a change in the situationa las primeras de cambio at the first opportunitycambio de domicilio change of addresscambio horario = putting clocks back or forward one hour (bianual)cambio de gobierno change of governmentcambio de sentido U-turn2 exchange (intercambio).a cambio (de) in exchange o return (for)no pido nada a cambio I'm not asking for anything back o in return3 change (monedas).nos hemos quedado sin cambio(s) we're out of change¿tiene cambio de cinco mil? have you got change of o for five thousand?quédese con el cambio keep the change4 price (finance) (de acciones).5 substitution, change (sport) (sustitución).hacer un cambio to make a substitution o changepres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: cambiar.* * *1 change, changing2 (intercambio) exchange, exchanging3 (dinero suelto) change, loose change; (vuelta) change■ ¿me puedes dar cambio de cien euros? can you change a hundred euros?4 (acciones) price, quotation; (divisas) exchange rate5 (tren) switch6 AUTOMÓVIL gear change\a cambio de in exchange fora las primeras de cambio figurado at the first opportunityen cambio on the other hand, but, whereas■ tú no puedes cantar, en cambio él sí you can't sing, but he cancaja de cambio AUTOMÓVIL gearboxcambio automático AUTOMÓVIL automatic transmissioncambio de la guardia changing of the guardcambio de planes change of planscasa de cambio bureau de changelibre cambio free trade* * *noun m.1) change2) alteration3) exchange, swap•- a cambio- en cambio* * *SM1) (=variación) changeel entrenador ha hecho ya tres cambios en lo que va de partido — the coach has already made three substitutions o changes so far in the match
estamos en la época de cambio entre el otoño y el invierno — we are in the changeover period between autumn and winter
•
siempre nos veíamos durante el cambio de clase — we always used to meet in the break between classes•
un cambio para mejor/peor — a change for the better/worsecambio de agujas — (Ferro) points junction, switch junction (EEUU)
cambio de gobierno — [completo] change of government; [parcial] reshuffle
cambio de línea — (Inform) line feed
cambio de marchas — (=acción) gear change; (=mecanismo) gear stick, gearshift (EEUU)
cambio de opinión — change of opinion, turn in opinion
cambio de página — (Inform) form feed
cambio de rasante, prohibido adelantar en un cambio de rasante — no overtaking on the brow of a hill
cambio de tercio — (Taur) change of stage ( in a bullfight)
cambio de velocidades — = cambio de marchas
cambio de vía — (Ferro) points pl, switches pl (EEUU)
hacer el cambio de vía — to go through the points o switches
2) (=intercambio) exchange, swap *hicimos un cambio de coche — we exchanged cars, we swapped cars *
3) (Econ)a) (=dinero suelto) change¿tienes cambio de 50 euros? — do you have change for 50 euros?, can you change 50 euros?
b) [de moneda extranjera] (=tipo) exchange rateCambio — Bureau de Change, Change
4)• a cambio — in return, in exchange
"admitimos su coche usado a cambio" — "cars taken in part exchange", "trade-ins accepted"
•
a cambio de — in return for, in exchange forreclamaba dinero a cambio de su silencio — he demanded money in return o exchange for keeping quiet (about it)
5)• en cambio — whereas
yo nunca llego a tiempo, en cambio ella es muy puntual — I never arrive on time, whereas she is very punctual
¿pero qué ha sucedido en cambio? — but instead, what has happened?
* * *1)a) (alteración, modificación) changecambio de algo — <de planes/domicilio> change of something
un cambio de aires or ambiente — a change of scene
a la primera de cambio — (fam) at the first opportunity
b) (Auto) gearshift (AmE), gear change (BrE)meta el cambio — (AmL) put it in gear
un coche con cinco cambios — (AmL) a car with a five-speed gearbox
2)a) ( canje) exchangeb) (en locs)a cambio (de) — in exchange (for), in return (for)
en cambio: a él le gusta a mí en cambio no he likes it but I don't; el autobús es agotador, en cambio el tren es muy agradable — the bus is exhausting; the train however o on the other hand is very pleasant
3)a) (Fin) ( de moneda extranjera) exchange¿a cómo está el cambio? — what's the exchange rate?
cambio — bureau de change, change
al cambio del día — at the current exchange rate; libre I 1)
b) ( diferencia) changec) ( dinero suelto) change¿tienes cambio de mil? — can you change a thousand pesetas?
* * *1)a) (alteración, modificación) changecambio de algo — <de planes/domicilio> change of something
un cambio de aires or ambiente — a change of scene
a la primera de cambio — (fam) at the first opportunity
b) (Auto) gearshift (AmE), gear change (BrE)meta el cambio — (AmL) put it in gear
un coche con cinco cambios — (AmL) a car with a five-speed gearbox
2)a) ( canje) exchangeb) (en locs)a cambio (de) — in exchange (for), in return (for)
en cambio: a él le gusta a mí en cambio no he likes it but I don't; el autobús es agotador, en cambio el tren es muy agradable — the bus is exhausting; the train however o on the other hand is very pleasant
3)a) (Fin) ( de moneda extranjera) exchange¿a cómo está el cambio? — what's the exchange rate?
cambio — bureau de change, change
al cambio del día — at the current exchange rate; libre I 1)
b) ( diferencia) changec) ( dinero suelto) change¿tienes cambio de mil? — can you change a thousand pesetas?
* * *cambio11 = adaptive response, alteration, change, editing, modulation, move, recasting, redesign, rotation, shift, transfer, transformation, changeover [change-over], disturbance, mutation, permeability, reformation, switchover, reverse, shift away from, shifting, changing of the guard, swing, bartering, switch, switching, change.Ex: It is too early to assess the success of the adaptive responses which have been instituted in most SLIS.
Ex: A musical adaptation is a musical work that represents a distinct alteration of another work (e.g. a free transcription), a work that paraphrases parts of various works or the general style of another composer, or a work that is merely based on other music (e.g. variations on a them).Ex: These changes have meant modifications, some very time-consuming, to serials catalogues in libraries.Ex: To ensure further that all the index entries generated by chain procedure are indeed helpful, the initial analysis of the chain may require editing.Ex: There is little modulation, whole steps of division being short-circuited and an odd assembly of terms being frequently found: e.g.: LAW see also JURY, JUDGES.Ex: Better flexibility is achieved if the heating, ventilation and lighting can accommodate this move without the need for any alterations.Ex: This kind of large-scale recasting offers an opportunity for the scheme to go forward rather than stagnate until it is completely taken by events.Ex: This action was the redesign of the enquiry form in order to elicit more information from the enquirer.Ex: The entries that result from the rotation mechanism have standard layout, punctuation and typography, all of which have been pre-programmed.Ex: Transitory circumstances of daily life are what cause these shifts.Ex: When the record transfer is complete, the catalog summary screen is shown for the new record so that the user can review and update it.Ex: Hungary faces far-reaching socio-economic transformation which will inevitably affect libraries as well.Ex: The changeover has resulted in more rapid machine-editing of input and reduced costs for cataloguing.Ex: A centralised system was chosen to ensure speedy receipt and dissemination with minimal disturbances.Ex: The very meanings of words like 'library' and 'university' are about to undergo mutations too radical to conceive, much less predict = Los significados mismos de palabras como "biblioteca" y "universidad" están a punto de experimentar cambios demasiado radicales de concevir y cuanto mucho menos de predecir.Ex: There is greater permeability than before between different types of library at the start of a career but, once settled in a post, fewer librarians than before change from one type of library to another.Ex: The author presents suggestions for the reformation of medical library education.Ex: The transition date for the switchover is 1 Oct 2000.Ex: Moreover, we conclude that the process of placing a feminist stamp on working relations is both far from complete and subject to reverses.Ex: This article discusses the effects of changes in the economy on the distribution of work in libraries which indicate a shift away from its female origins.Ex: This article considers the use of a spreadsheet in the shifting of periodicals collections in order to save time.Ex: The recent reorganization has resulted in a merger of the academic and public divisions and a changing of the guard among the company's top officials.Ex: The addition of new feedback techniques produced a significant swing in favour of the application.Ex: Holdings will become increasingly important as a bartering tool to gain additional access benefits.Ex: Office automation have brought about a switch to a paperless office.Ex: These 'spuriously loyal' customers are not willing to churn just because of switching costs.Ex: Most libraries maintain a small cash float for the giving of change and, in addition, money/ is received in payment of fines.* a cambio = in return.* a cambio de = in exchange for, in return for.* a cambio de nada = for nothing.* aceptar el cambio = embrace + change.* aceptar un cambio = accommodate + change.* adaptarse al cambio = accommodate to + change, adapt to + change.* adaptarse a los cambios = flow with + the tides.* adoptar un cambio = adopt + change, accommodate + change.* agente de cambio = agent of(for) change, force for change, force of change.* agente del cambio = change agent.* aires de cambio = wind(s) of change, the, seas of change, the.* cambio a = flight to.* cambio brusco = revulsion, flip-flop.* cambio brusco de velocidad del viento = wind shear.* cambio climático = climate change, climatic change.* cambio cualitativo = step change, qualitative change.* cambio cuantitativo = quantitative change.* cambio cultural = cultural change.* cambio de actitud = change in attitude, change of heart.* cambio de aires = change of scenery, change of air and scene, change of air, change of scene, greener pastures, pastures new.* cambio de ambiente = change of scenery, change of air and scene, change of air, change of scene.* cambio de aspecto = lick of paint.* cambio de ciudadanía = change of citizenship.* cambio de dirección = change of hands.* cambio de dueño = change of hands.* cambio de énfasis = shift of emphasis, shift in emphasis.* cambio de entorno = change of scenery, change of air and scene, change of air, change of scene.* cambio de hora estacional = daylight saving time.* cambio de idea = change of heart, change of mind.* cambio de imagen = makeover [make-over], makeover [make-over].* cambio de instalación eléctrica = rewiring.* cambio de la guardia = changing of the guard.* cambio de look = lick of paint.* cambio de lugar = relocation.* cambio de manos = change of hands.* cambio de mirada = gaze-shift.* cambio demográfico = population trend.* cambio de nacionalidad = change of citizenship.* cambio de nombre = rebranding.* cambio de opinión = change of heart, change of mind.* cambio de orientación = paradigm change, paradigm shift.* cambio de paradigma = paradigm change, paradigm shift.* cambio de parecer = change of heart, change of mind.* cambio de procedimiento = procedural change.* cambio de propietario = change of hands.* cambio de proveedor = churn.* cambio de registro = code switching.* cambio de residencia = resettlement.* cambio de servicio = churn.* cambio de sexo = sex change.* cambio de título = title change.* cambio escénico = scene changing.* cambio estacional = seasonal change.* cambio hormonal = hormonal change.* cambio inesperado = twist.* cambio institucional = institutional change.* cambio metereológico = weather modification.* cambio + ocurrir = change + take place.* cambio + producirse = change + come about.* cambio profundo = profound change.* cambio radical = revulsion, sea change, radical change.* cambio radical de postura = about-face.* cambio revolucionario = revolutionary change.* cambios = second thoughts, ebb and flow.* cambio social = social change, societal change.* cambio + suceder = change + take place.* cambio + tener lugar = change + take place.* cambio total = turnabout [turn-about], turnaround.* cambio transformador = transformative change, transforming change.* cambio traumático = traumatic change.* cambio vertiginoso = spiral of change.* clima de cambio = climate of change.* efectuar cambios = wreak + changes.* efectuar un cambio = effect + change.* elemento de cambio = agent of(for) change.* en cambio = by contrast, in contrast, instead, shifting, by comparison.* en constante cambio = ever-changing [ever changing], ever-fluid, on the move, fast changing [fast-changing], ever-shifting.* en continuo cambio = constantly shifting, ever-changing [ever changing], ever-shifting.* en estado de cambio = in a state of flux.* enfrentarse a los cambios = cope with + change.* en proceso de cambio = changing.* estado de cambio = state of flux.* estar en estado de cambio = be in flux.* estar en proceso de cambio = be in flux.* estar sujeto a cambios = be written in sand, not stone, be subject to change.* experimentar un cambio = bring about + change, undergo + modification, undergo + change, undergo + transition.* experimentar un cambio + Adjetivo = take + a + Adjetivo + turn.* hacer cambios en la búsqueda = renegotiate + search.* hacer cambios indebidamente = tamper (with).* hacer el cambio = make + the change.* hacer frente al cambio = manage + change.* hacer frente a un cambio = meet + change.* hacer un cambio = make + change.* impulsor del cambio = driver of change.* introducir un cambio = bring + change.* libre cambio = laissez-faire.* línea internacional de cambio de fecha, la = International Date Line, the.* lograr un cambio = accomplish + change.* los constantes cambios de = the changing face of, the changing nature of.* momento clave del cambio = tipping point.* moneda de cambio = bargaining chip.* mostrar por medio de cambio de intensidad en el brillo = flash up.* motor del cambio = driver of change.* no hacer ningún cambio = stand + pat.* no sufrir cambios = remain + normal.* ocasionar un cambio = bring about + change, trigger + change.* operación de cambio de sexo = sex-change surgery, sex-change operation.* permanecer sin cambios = remain + unchanged.* proceso de cambio = process of change.* producir un cambio = effect + change, produce + change, trigger + change.* provocar cambios = wreak + changes.* provocar un cambio = bring about + change.* reacio al cambio = resistant to change.* realizar un cambio = make + alteration, implement + change.* repercusiones del cambio = impact of change.* resistente al cambio = resistant to change.* ritmo del cambio = rate of change, pace of change.* ser susceptible de cambios = be subject to change.* sin cambio = inviolate.* sin cambios = monotone, stable, undisturbed, unchanged, unmodified, unaltered, unedited.* subsidio para cambio de residencia = resettlement allowance.* suceder un cambio = occur + change.* sucesión de cambios bruscos = roller coaster ride, roller coaster.* sufrir un cambio = experience + change, undergo + change.* suponer un cambio = bring about + change.* trabajar a cambio de nada = work for + nothing.cambio22 = loose change.Ex: Forget climate change, voters want more loose change.
* bolsa de cambio = stock exchange.* cambio de divisas = currency rate, currency exchange.* cambio de moneda = exchange rate, foreign exchange, currency exchange rate, market rate of exchange, foreign exchange rate, currency rate, rate of exchange, currency exchange.* letra de cambio = bill of exchange.* oficina de cambio = exchange office, currency exchange bureau, exchange bureau.* tipo de cambio = exchange rate, rate of exchange.* variación de los tipos de cambio = exchange rate change.cambio33 = gear, derailleur.Nota: De bicicleta.Ex: Their products were charming and much less expensive than American clockwork toys because they used tinplate gears rather than brass.
Ex: There is a front and a rear derailleur on most modern bikes.* palanca de cambio = shifter.* * *A1 (alteración, modificación) changeel cambio que ha tenido lugar en él the change he has undergonecambio DE algo:un brusco cambio de temperatura a sudden change in temperaturelo que tú necesitas es un cambio de aires or ambiente what you need is a change of sceneha habido un cambio de planes there's been a change of planuna operación de cambio de sexo a sex-change operationcambio de uso del suelo change of land use ( in urban planning)hacer un cambio to change gearmeta el cambio ( AmL); put it in gearun coche con cinco cambios ( AmL); a car with a five-speed gearboxCompuestos:climate changechange of addressscene changechange of guard, changing of the guardaudiblebrow of a hillaudible( Auto) junctionB1 (canje) exchangecreo que has salido perdiendo con el cambio I think you've lost out in the deal[ S ] no se admiten cambios ni devoluciones goods cannot be exchanged or returned2 ( en locs):a cambio in exchange, in returna cambio de in exchange for, in return forestoy dispuesto a hacerlo a cambio de un pequeño favor I'm prepared to do it in exchange o in return for a small favordaría cualquier cosa a cambio de un poco de paz I'd do anything for a bit of peaceen cambio: a él le parece espléndido; a mí, en cambio, no me gusta he thinks it's wonderful, but personally I don't like itel viaje en autobús es agotador, en cambio irse en tren es muy agradable the bus journey is exhausting whereas o but if you go by train it's very pleasant, the bus journey is exhausting; if you go by train, however o on the other hand, it is very pleasantC1 ( Fin) (de moneda extranjera) exchangecambio de divisas foreign exchange¿a cómo está el cambio? what's the exchange rate?[ S ] cambio bureau de change, changeal cambio del día at the current exchange rate2 (diferencia) changequédese con el cambio keep the changeme ha dado mal el cambio he's given me the wrong change3 (dinero menudo) change¿tienes cambio de diez? can you change ten euros?necesito cambio para el teléfono I need some change for the telephoneCompuestos:daily exchange rate o rate of exchangeforeign exchange* * *
Del verbo cambiar: ( conjugate cambiar)
cambio es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
cambió es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
cambiar
cambio
cambiar ( conjugate cambiar) verbo transitivo
1
b) (de lugar, posición):
cambié las flores de florero I put the flowers in a different vase
cambiole el nombre a algo to change the name of sth
e) (Fin) to change;
cambié 100 libras a or (Esp) en dólares I changed 100 pounds into dollars
2 ( canjear) ‹sellos/estampas› to swap, to trade (esp AmE);
cambio algo por algo ‹sellos/estampas› to swap o (esp AmE) trade sth for sth;
‹ compra› to exchange o change sth for sth;◊ ¿quieres que te cambie el lugar? do you want me to swap o change places with you?
verbo intransitivo
le está cambiando la voz his voice is breakingb) (Auto) to change gear
◊ cambio de avión/tren to change planes/train
cambio de sentido to make (AmE) o (BrE) do a U-turn
cambiarse verbo pronominal
cambiose de algo ‹de camisa/zapatos› to change sth;
cambiose de casa to move house;
cámbiate de camisa change your shirtc) cambiose por algn to change places with sb
cambio sustantivo masculino
1
cambio de algo ‹de planes/domicilio› change of sth;
un cambio de aire(s) or ambiente a change of scene
cambio de sentido U-turn
2
( on signs) no se admiten cambios goods cannot be exchangedb) ( en locs)
en cambio: el viaje en autobús es agotador, en cambio en tren es muy agradable the bus journey is exhausting;
by train however o on the other hand is very pleasant
3
¿a cómo está el cambio? what's the exchange rate?;
( on signs) cambio bureau de change, change
cambiar
I verbo transitivo
1 to change
2 (cromos, etc) to swap, (en un comercio) exchange
3 (un tipo de moneda por otro) to change
II verbo intransitivo to change
cambiar de casa, to move (house)
cambiar de idea, to change one's mind
cambiar de sitio, to move
cambiar de trabajo, to get another job
cambiar de velocidad, to change gear
cambio sustantivo masculino
1 change
(de opinión) shift
un cambio de impresiones, an exchange of opinions
2 (del dinero) change: ¿tienes cambio de cinco mil?, have you got change for five thousand?
3 Fin (de la moneda extranjera) exchange
(de unas acciones) price
4 Auto gear change
cambio automático, automatic transmission
cambio de rasante, brow of a hill
♦ Locuciones: a cambio de, in exchange for
a las primeras de cambio, at the firsl opportunity
en cambio, on the other hand: él es muy engreído, en cambio ella es muy dulce, he's really conceited; on the other hand she is very sweet
' cambio' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abrupta
- abrupto
- aguantar
- aire
- alteración
- apreciarse
- benéfica
- benéfico
- biombo
- brutal
- desplazamiento
- experimentar
- girar
- imponerse
- inflexión
- letra
- oscilación
- por
- primera
- primero
- radical
- semblante
- sensible
- tipo
- vaivén
- viraje
- vuelta
- acelerar
- acentuado
- apreciable
- apresurar
- brusco
- cambiar
- cara
- cerrado
- efectuar
- feria
- guardia
- idea
- importante
- inevitable
- lado
- libre
- nuevo
- observar
- operar
- opinión
- producir
- quedar
- rápido
English:
abrupt
- adjustment
- alarmed
- alteration
- bare
- better
- change
- chapter
- conversely
- department
- displacement
- distinct
- draft
- dramatic
- dramatically
- drastic
- euro
- exchange
- exchange rate
- fall
- float
- gearshift
- gearstick
- instead
- intend
- into
- likely
- major
- make
- modification
- occur
- protection money
- rate
- refreshing
- refreshingly
- return
- reversal
- round
- sex change
- shift
- short-change
- slight
- small change
- subject
- substantial
- sudden
- swap for
- sweep
- sweeping
- swing
* * *♦ nm1. [alteración, modificación] change;vivimos una época de grandes cambios we live in times of great change;cambio de actitud change in attitude;cambio de gobierno change of government;cambio radical turnabout, turnround;cambio de tiempo change in the weather;ha ganado con el cambio de trabajo he has benefited from changing jobs;con el cambio de política hemos perdido todos we have all lost out as a result of the change in policy;se ha producido un cambio de situación the situation has changed, there has been a change in the situation;el cambio al sistema métrico ha sido muy sencillo the changeover to the metric system has been very straightforward;tu hijo ha pegado un cambio tremendo your son has really changed;a las primeras de cambio at the first opportunity;abandonó la carrera a las primeras de cambio she dropped out of the race almost as soon as it had started o shortly after it had started;cayeron eliminados a las primeras de cambio they fell at the first hurdlecambio climático climate change; Ling cambio de código code switching;cambio de domicilio change of address;cambio de escena Teatro scene change;Fig change of scene;cambio generacional: [m5] el partido necesita un cambio generacional urgente the party is in urgent need of a new generation of leaders;este joven pintor es un ejemplo del cambio generacional en marcha this young man is one of the new generation of painters who are coming to dominate the artistic scene;cambio de guardia [ceremonia] changing of the guard;cambio horario [bianual] = putting clocks back or forward one hour;cambio hormonal hormonal change;cambio de imagen image change;el cambio de milenio the end of the millennium;cambio de rasante brow of a hill;cambio de sentido U-turn;cambio de sexo sex change;Der cambio de tribunal change of venue; Ferroc cambio de vía Br points, US switch2. [reemplazo, trueque] exchange;durante las rebajas no se admiten cambios while the sales are on, goods may not be exchanged;a cambio (de) in exchange o return (for);no pido nada a cambio I'm not asking for anything back o in return;se admite su vieja lavadora a cambio we will take your old washing machine in part exchange;te dejo el coche a cambio de que lo laves I'll let you use my car if you wash it for meAut cambio de aceite oil change;cambio de impresiones exchange of views;Quím cambio iónico ion exchange;cambio de papeles role reversal3. [monedas, billetes] change;¿tiene cambio? have you got any change?;¿tiene cambio de 5.000? have you got change for o Br of 5,000?;nos hemos quedado sin cambio(s) we're out of change;quédese con el cambio keep the change;me ha dado el cambio incorrecto she gave me the wrong change[de divisas] exchange rate;ha bajado el cambio del peso the (exchange rate of the) peso has fallen;los valores eléctricos han mantenido el cambio share prices in the electricity companies have remained steady;¿a cuánto está el cambio de la libra? what's the exchange rate for the pound?cambio base base rate;cambio extranjero foreign exchange;cambio medio average exchange rate;cambio oficial official exchange ratecambio automático automatic transmission;cambio de marchas [acción] gear change;[palanca] Br gear stick, US gear shift;cambio sincronizado [en bicicleta] indexed gear;cambio de velocidades [acción] gear change;[palanca] Br gear stick, US gear shifthacer un cambio to make a substitution o change;el equipo visitante ha pedido (hacer un) cambio the away team want to make a substitution o change;el jugador lesionado pidió el cambio al entrenador the injured player signalled to the manager that he wanted to come off♦ interjRad¡cambio (y corto)! over!;¡cambio y cierro! over and out!♦ en cambio loc adv[por otra parte] on the other hand, however; [en su lugar] instead;ellos no pueden ayudarnos, en cambio tú sí they can't help us, but o whereas you can;éste me gusta, en cambio este otro es feo I like this one, but this other one is horrible* * *m1 change;cambio de domicilio change of address;cambio de aires change of scene;cambio de turno change of shift;cambio de aceite AUTO oil change;2 COM exchange rate;el cambio del día the day’s (exchange) rate;libre cambio COM free trade3 ( suelto):¿tiene cambio? do you have change?4:no se admiten cambios goods will not be exchanged5 en locuciones:a cambio de in exchange for;en cambio on the other hand* * *cambio nm1) : change, alteration2) : exchange3) : change (money)4)en cambio : instead5)en cambio : however, on the other hand* * *cambio n1. (en general) change¿tienes cambio? have you got any change?2. (divisas) exchange rate -
102 cubierta
f.1 cover.2 carcass, body.3 deck.cubierta de paseo promenade deck4 envelope.5 folder.6 boat deck, deck, boat floor.7 tire, tyre.8 overlay.9 involucre, involucrum.10 operculum.past part.past participle of spanish verb: cubrir.* * *1 (gen) cover, covering2 (de libro) cover3 ARQUITECTURA roof4 (de neumático) tyre (US tire)5 (capó) bonnet, US hood6 (de barco, avión) deck\en cubierta on deckcubierta de lona tarpaulin, canvas* * *noun f.1) cover2) deck* * *SF1) (=cobertura) cover(ing); [de libro] cover, jacket; [de edificio] roof2) [de rueda] tyre, tire (EEUU)3) (Náut) decksalir a cubierta — to go up o out on deck
4) Méx (=funda) sheath5) (=pretexto) cover, pretext6) (=sobre) envelopebajo esta cubierta — under the same cover, enclosed herewith
* * *2) (Auto) tire*3) (Náut) ( en barco) deck•* * *2) (Auto) tire*3) (Náut) ( en barco) deck•* * *cubierta11 = cover, lid, covering, canopy, top, housing cover.Nota: Generalmente de mecanismos.Ex: Thus, for instance, a title statement will be extracted from a title page, and not from the cover or the spine.
Ex: The casting-box for flong moulds was a flat iron case like a portfolio with one hinged lid.Ex: The choice of metal chairs with plastic seats, rather than wooden chairs with leather coverings, is meaningful.Ex: 'Well, it's just that,' he said under a crawling canopy of smoke, trying to arrange himself easily on the hard chair.Ex: Documents should be kept in acid free boxes with loose fitting tops on shelves preferably made from baked enamel steel.Ex: A spoken dialogue between the system and the trainee would proceed as follows: System 'Try to assemble the air compressor' Trainee: 'How?' System: 'Install pump, install pump brace, install pulley, install belt housing cover.* cubierta anterior = front cover, front board.* cubierta de papel = paper cover.* cubierta formada por las copas de los árboles = canopy, overstorey [overstory, -USA].* cubierta protectora = shield.* cubiertas = binding case, case.* cubierta terminada = topping-out.* diseño de la cubierta = cover design.* edición en cubierta dura = hardback, hardcover.* fecha de la cubierta = cover date.* interior de la cubierta = inside cover.* sobrecubierta = dust wrapper.* título de cubierta = binder's title.* título de la cubierta = cover title.cubierta22 = deck, upper deck.Ex: To illustrate how the mechanism works in a realistic domain, the author implements design systems for the deck structure and midship section of bulk cargo ships = Para ilustrar cómo funciona el mecanismo en un entorno real, el autor pone en práctica sistemas de diseño para la estructura de cubierta y la sección de mitad del barco de los navíos de carga.
Ex: Cabins on the upper decks usually cost more than those on the lower decks.* cubierta de armas = cannon deck.* cubierta de cañones = cannon deck.* cubierta de proa = forecastle.* cubierta de vuelo = flight deck.* cubierta inferior = lower deck.* cubierta superior = upper deck.* todos a cubierta = all hands on deck!.cubierta33 = tyre [tire, -USA].Ex: Very many SLIS were able to demonstrate a great deal of IT-related re-training endeavour; 're-treading of old tyres' one respondent rather unkindly put it.
* * *A1 (funda) cover2 (de un libro) cover, sleeve, jacketB ( Auto) tire*Compuesto:tubeless tire*C ( Náut) (en un barco) decksalió a cubierta he went up on deckCompuestos:● cubierta de aterrizaje or de vueloflight deckpromenade deckpoop deckforedecklower deckmain deckupper deck, top deck* * *
cubierta sustantivo femenino
1
( de libro) cover, sleeve
2 (Náut) ( en barco) deck;
cubierto,-a
I adjetivo
1 covered
(piscina) indoor
(cielo) overcast
2 (trabajo, plaza) filled
II sustantivo masculino
1 (asiento y plato para un comensal) place setting
2 cubiertos, cutlery sing
cubierta sustantivo femenino
1 cover
2 (de rueda) tyre, US tire
3 Náut deck
4 (techo) roof
' cubierta' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
cortante
- piscina
- pista
- encuadernación
- sacar
- tarta
- techo
English:
cover
- covering
- deck
- evergreen
- flight-deck
- mate
- promenade deck
- sheath
- wash down
- binding
- casing
- flight
- guard
- hood
- mass
- swimming
* * *cubierta nf1. [de mesa, cama] covercubierta vegetal vegetation2. [de libro, revista] cover3. [de edificio] roof4. [de neumático] tyre5. [de barco] deckcubierta inferior lower deck;cubierta de popa poop deck;cubierta de proa foredeck;cubierta superior upper deck* * *f1 MAR deck2 AUTO tire, Brtyre3 ARQUI roof* * *cubierta nf1) : covering2) forro: cover, jacket (of a book)3) : deck* * *cubierta n1. (en general) cover2. (de libro portada) cover3. (de libro sobrecubierta) book jacket4. (de rueda) tyre5. (de barco) deck -
103 os
pron.1 you. (peninsular Spanish)me gustaría veros I'd like to see you2 (to) you.os lo dio he gave it to youos tengo miedo I'm afraid of you3 yourselves.os vestís you get dressed4 each other.os enamorasteis you fell in love (with each other)m.1 OS.2 os.3 os.m.pl.plural of o, oes.* * *os1 (complemento directo) you2 (complemento indirecto) you3 (reflexivo) yourselves■ ¿ya os estáis vistiendo? are you getting dressed already?4 (recíproco) each other* * *pron.1) you, to you2) each other* * *IPRON PERS PL1) [directo] you2) [indirecto] youos lo compré — (=de vosotros) I bought it from you; (=para vosotros) I bought it for you
¿os han arreglado ya el ordenador? — have they fixed the computer for you yet?
3) [reflexivo] yourselves¿os habéis hecho daño? — did you hurt yourselves?
4) [mutuo] each otherII¿os conocéis? — have you met?, do you know each other?
EXCL shoo!* * *pronombre personal (Esp)a) (complemento directo, indirecto) youb) (refl) yourselvesc) (recípr)* * *pronombre personal (Esp)a) (complemento directo, indirecto) youb) (refl) yourselvesc) (recípr)* * *os( Esp)1 (como complemento directo, indirecto) youos veo mañana I'll see you tomorrowos lo he dicho mil veces I've told you a hundred timesos lo ha prometido she's promised it to you o she's promised you itos ha pintado la habitación he has painted your room for youos voy a quitar el balón I'm going to take the ball off you o away from you¿os resultó interesante? did you find it interesting?se os ha manchado la alfombra your carpet is stained2 ( refl) yourselvesno os engañéis don't kid yourselvessentaos or ( esp en leng hablado) sentaros un rato sit down for a while3 ( recípr):creía que vosotros dos os conocíais I thought you two knew each other* * *
os pron pers (Esp)
os lo prometió she promised it to you
c) ( recípr):
os pron pers pl & sustantivo masculino y femenino
1 (complemento directo) you: os llevo al aeropuerto, I'll take you to the airport
2 (complemento indirecto) you, to you: mi hermana os ha enviado un regalo, my sister has sent you a present
¿os llegó la postal?, did you receive the postcard?
3 (con verbo reflexivo) yourselves: os vais a hacer daño, you're going to hurt yourselves
4 (con verbo recíproco) each other: siempre os estáis fastidiando, you're always bothering each other
'os' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
agradecer
- conjurarse
- desear
- dicha
- dicho
- divertirse
- emplazar
- igual
- incomodar
- proponer
- rezagarse
- risa
- rosca
English:
object
- you
- yourself
- duo
- embryo
- impresario
- Leo
- memo
- piano
- radio
- rodeo
- scenario
- Scorpio
- stereo
- your
- yourselves
* * *os pron personalEsp1. (complemento directo) you;me gustaría veros I'd like to see you;¿os atracaron en plena calle? were you mugged in the middle of the street?;al final os aprobarán a todos you'll all pass o they'll pass all of you in the end2. (complemento indirecto) (to) you;os lo dio he gave it to you, he gave you it;os tengo miedo I'm afraid of you;[es para vosotros] she bought it for you;¿os han quitado el permiso? have they taken your licence away from you?;os estropearon el tocadiscos they broke your record player;os han pegado una paliza they've thrashed you;se os olvidará you'll forget (about it);os será de gran ayuda it will be a great help to you3. (reflexivo) yourselves;os vestís you get dressed;servíos una copa pour yourselves a drink;poneos los abrigos put your coats on;os podéis acostar en el sofá you can lie down on the sofa4. (recíproco) each other;os enamorasteis you fell in love (with each other);os estabais pegando you were hitting each other5. [con valor intensivo o expresivo]¿no os lo creéis? don't you believe it?;os lo comisteis todo you ate the whole lot;si se os echa a llorar no le hagáis caso don't take any notice if he starts crying (on you)6. [para formar verbos pronominales]¿os acordáis? do you remember?;poneos cómodos make yourselves comfortable* * *osos lo devolveré I’ll give you it back, I’ll give it back to you* * *os pron pl objective form of vosotros* * *os pron1. (complemento) you¿quién os ha invitado? who invited you?2. (reflexivo) yourselves¿os habéis hecho daño? have you hurt yourselves?3. (recíproco) each other / one another -
104 लेपः _lēpḥ
लेपः [लिप्-घञ्]1 Smearing, plastering, anointing; भूशुद्धिर्मार्जनात्......... सेकादुल्लेखनाल्लेपात् Y.1.188.-2 An unguent, ointment, salve.-3 A plaster in general (such as whitewash, mortar &c.).-4 The wipings of the hand (or the remnants of the food sticking to the hand), after offering funeral oblations to the first three ancestors (पितृ, पितामह and प्रपितामह), (these wipings being offered to the three ancestors after the great-grand-father; i. e. to paternal ancestors in the 4th, 5th and 6th degrees); लेपभाजश्चतुर्थाद्याः पित्राद्याः पिण्डभागिनः.-5 A spot, stain, defilement, pollution.-6 Moral impurity, sin.-7 Food.-8 Smearing with clay; L. D. B.-Comp. -करः a plaster-maker, white-wash- er, bricklayer.-भागिन्, -भुज् m. a paternal ancestor in the 4th, 5th and 6th degree; तेषुदर्भेषु तं हस्तं निमृज्याल्लेपभागिनाम् Ms.3.216. -
105 з
= із, зі; прийм.1) (з кимсь, із чимсь) with; andз байтовою адресацією — byte-addressable, byte-addressed
з батарейним живленням — battery-powered, battery-run
з програмним управлінням комп. — programmable
з вірогідних джерел — from reliable sources, on good authority
3) ( з певного часу) from; ( про минуле) since; ( про майбутнє) beginning with; ( про тривалість) in; ( про дні) on; ( про години) atз першого погляду — at first sight; at once
4) ( при позначенні матеріалу) of; in; out of5) ( з певної причини) for, out of, of, from, in, with, throughз подяки — in gratitude ( for)
6) ( на підставі) by, with; ( згідно з) according toз вашого дозволу — by your leave, with your permission
з вірогідних джерел — from reliable sources, on good authority
7) (при позначенні сфери діяльності, галузі науки тощо) on, in, atчемпіон з шахів — champion at chess, chess champion
8) ( з допомогою чогось) with9) ( при позначенні способу виконання дії) by, onз кур'єром — by courier ( messenger); (в процесі, в міру того як) with
з року в рік — year in ( and) year out, from year to year
з настанням ночі — at nightfall; (при позначенні частини сукупності, загалу) of
дехто з нас — some of us; ( приблизно) about; ( про час) ( for) about
10) ( одночасно) with11) ( після) after12) (при позначенні особи, предмета, які є зразком для відтворення) fromбрати приклад з когось — to follow smb.'s example
13) (щодо, що стосується) as regards; with14)з хвилини на хвилину — every minute, any minute ( moment)
з мого (його) боку — on my ( his) part
з одного (іншого) боку — on the one ( other) hand
зі швидкістю 70 миль на годину — at a speed of 70 m.p.h.
-
106 jour
jour [ʒuʀ]━━━━━━━━━3. compounds━━━━━━━━━1. <a. day• quel jour sommes-nous ? what day is it today?• un jour viendra où... the day will come when...• décidément ce n'est pas mon jour ! it's just not my day today!• du jour où sa femme l'a quitté, il s'est mis à boire he started drinking the day his wife left him• tes deux enfants, c'est le jour et la nuit your two children are chalk and cheese• c'est le jour et la nuit ! there's no comparison!► à jour• hôpital de jour (pour traitement) outpatient clinic ; (psychiatrique) day hospital ; (pour activités) daycare centre• mon manteau de tous les jours my everyday coat► un beau jour (passé) one fine day ; (futur) one of these days• il n'existe à ce jour aucun traitement efficace no effective treatment has been found to date► au jour le jour [existence, gestion] day-to-day• vivre au jour le jour ( = sans souci) to live from day to day ; ( = pauvrement) to live from hand to mouth► jour après jour day after day• on l'attend d'un jour à l'autre ( = incessamment) he's expected any day now• il change d'avis d'un jour à l'autre ( = très rapidement) he changes his mind from one day to the next► du jour au lendemain overnightb. ( = lumière, éclairage) light• demain, il fera jour à 7 heures tomorrow it'll be light at 7c. ( = naissance) donner le jour à to give birth tod. ( = ouverture) gap2. <a. ( = période) days• ces vedettes ont fait les beaux jours de Broadway these were the stars of the golden age of Broadwayb. ( = vie) jusqu'à la fin de mes jours until I die3. <► jour de repos [de salarié] day off• après deux jours de repos, il est reparti after a two-day break, he set off again ► le jour des Rois Twelfth Night* * *ʒuʀnom masculin1) ( période de vingt-quatre heures) dayd'un jour — [bonheur, espoir] fleeting; [mode] passing; [reine] for a day
jour après jour — ( quotidiennement) day after day; ( progressivement) little by little
vivre au jour le jour — to live one day at a time; ressembler, Rome
2) ( date) daymettre à jour — ( actualiser) to bring up to date [courrier, travail]; to revise [édition]; ( révéler) to expose, to reveal [mystère, secret, trafic, problème]
mise à jour — ( actualisation) (d'édition, de données, statistiques) updating (de of); ( découverte) (de secret, trafic) revelation (de of)
jusqu'à ce jour — ( maintenant) until now; ( alors) until then
d'un jour à l'autre — [être attendu] any day now; [changer] from one day to the next
nouvelle/mode du jour — latest news/fashion
3) ( du lever au coucher du soleil) dayau lever or point du jour — at daybreak
4) ( clarté) daylightse faire jour — [vérité] to come to light
mettre au jour — to unearth [vestige]; to bring [something] to light [vérité]
jeter un jour nouveau sur quelque chose, éclairer quelque chose d'un jour nouveau — to shed new light on something; faux I
5) ( aspect)sous ton meilleur/pire jour — at your best/worst
je t'ai vu sous ton vrai jour — I saw you in your true colours [BrE]
sous un jour avantageux — in a favourable [BrE] light
6) figvoir le jour — [personne] to come into the world; [œuvre, projet] to see the light of day; [organisme] to come into being
7) Construction, Bâtiment ( ouverture) gap8) ( de broderie)jours — openwork (embroidery) [U]
•Phrasal Verbs:••il y a des jours avec et des jours sans — (colloq) there are good days and bad days
* * *ʒuʀ nm1) (durée, fraction de la semaine) dayJ'ai passé trois jours chez mes cousins. — I spent three days staying at my cousins'.
2) (opposé à la nuit) day, daytimependant le jour — during the day, in the daytime
à la lumière du jour — by the light of day, in daylight
3) (= clarté) daylightau grand jour — in broad daylight, figin the open
4) (= aspect)5) (= ouverture) opening6) COUTURE openwork no plmettre à jour — to bring up to date, to update
mettre au jour — to uncover, to disclose
se faire jour fig — to become clear
de nos jours — these days, nowadays
* * *A nm1 ( période de vingt-quatre heures) day; en un jour in one day; dans les trois jours within three days; mois de trente jours thirty-day month; barbe de trois jours three days' growth of beard; trois fois par jour three times a day; c'est à trois jours de train it's three days away by train; ces derniers jours these last few days; un jour de plus ou de moins ne changera rien one day here or there won't make any difference; les jours se suivent et ne se ressemblent pas every day is different; dans huit jours in a week's time, in a week; quinze jours a fortnight GB; tous les quinze jours every fortnight GB ou two weeks US; d'un jour [bonheur, espoir] fleeting; [mode] passing; [reine] for a day; deux poussins d'un jour two one-day old chicks; être la vedette d'un jour to be here today and gone tomorrow; des jours et des jours for ever and ever; dès le premier jour right from the start; jour après jour ( quotidiennement) day after day; ( progressivement) little by little; vivre au jour le jour to live one day at a time; gagner sa vie au jour le jour to scratch a living; voir les choses au jour le jour to take each day as it comes; noter ses pensées au jour le jour to note down one's thoughts every day; ⇒ barbe C 1;2 ( date) day; ce jour-là that day; quel jour sommes-nous? what day is it today?; elle viendra un jour she'll come one day; c'est mon jour de courses it's my shopping day; viens un jour où il n'y sera pas come on a day he's out, come one day when he's out; le jour où je mourrai the day I die; un jour ou l'autre some day; l'autre jour the other day; un de ces jours one of these days; un beau jour one fine day; tous les jours every day; de tous les jours everyday; jour pour jour to the day; de jour en jour from day to day; à ce jour to date; à jour up to date; mettre à jour ( actualiser) to bring up to date [courrier, travail]; to revise [édition]; to update [données, application]; ( révéler) to expose, to reveal [mystère, secret, trafic, problème]; mise à jour ( actualisation) ( d'édition) revision; (de données, d'application) updating (de of); ( découverte) (de secret, trafic) revelation (de of); édition mise à jour revised edition; tenir à jour to keep up to date; jusqu'à ce jour ( maintenant) until now; ( alors) until then; de nos jours nowadays; d'un jour à l'autre [être attendu] any day now; [changer] from one day to the next; du jour au lendemain overnight; nouvelle/mode du jour latest news/fashion; au jour d'aujourd'hui○ today;3 ( du lever au coucher du soleil) day; les jours raccourcissent the days are getting shorter; pendant le jour during the day; nuit et jour night and day; tout le jour all day; le jour se lève it's getting light; lumière du jour daylight; au lever or point du jour at daybreak; le petit jour the early morning; se lever avec le jour to get up at the crack of dawn; travailler de jour to work days; travail de jour day work;4 ( clarté) daylight; il fait jour it's daylight; laisser entrer le jour to let in the daylight; en plein jour in broad daylight; faire qch au grand jour to do sth for all to see; se faire jour [vérité] to come to light; mettre au jour to unearth [vestige]; to bring [sth] to light [vérité]; jeter un jour nouveau sur qch, éclairer qch d'un jour nouveau to shed new light on sth; ⇒ faux;5 ( aspect) sous ton meilleur/pire jour at your best/worst; je ne te connaissais pas sous ce jour I knew nothing of that side of you; je t'ai vu sous ton vrai jour I saw you in your true colours; sous un jour avantageux in a favourableGB light;6 fig donner le jour à qn to bring sb into the world; donner jour à qch to give rise to sth; voir le jour [personne] to come into the world; [œuvre, projet] to see the light of day; [organisme] to come into being; mes jours sont comptés my days are numbered; finir ses jours à la campagne to end one's days in the country; des jours difficiles hard times; attenter à ses jours to make a suicide attempt; avoir encore de beaux jours devant soi to still have a future; les beaux jours reviennent spring will soon be here;8 Cout jours openwork (embroidery) ¢; faire des jours to do openwork; une bordure avec des jours an openwork border; jours à fils tirés drawn thread work; motif à jours ( en tricot) lacy pattern.jour de l'An New Year's Day; jour d'arrivée day of arrival; jour astronomique astronomical day; jour calendaire calendar day; jour de chance lucky day; jour de colère day of wrath; jour de départ day of departure; jour de deuil day of mourning; jour de deuil national national day of mourning; jour férié bank holiday GB, legal holiday US; jour de fermeture closing day; jour de fête ( férié) holiday; aujourd'hui c'est jour de fête fig it's a great day today; jour franc clear day; jour du Grand Pardon Relig Day of Atonement; jour J D day; jour du Jugement Relig Judgment Day; jour maigre Relig day of abstinence (without meat); jour des morts Relig All Souls' Day; jour ouvrable working day; jour de paie payday; jour de planche Naut lay day; jour de relâche Théât closing day; jour du Seigneur Relig Sabbath; jour sidéral sidereal day; jour solaire solar day; jour de souffrance Constr opening looking on to a neighbourGB; jour de travail working day; jour utile lawful day.Rome ne s'est pas faite en un jour Rome wasn't built in a day; beau comme le jour very good-looking; ce n'est pas mon jour! this isn't my day!; être dans un bon jour to be in a good mood; être dans un mauvais jour to be having an off day; il y a des jours avec et des jours sans there are good days and bad days.[ʒur] nom masculinA.[DIVISION TEMPORELLE]1. [division du calendrier] dayil me reste des jours à prendre avant la fin de l'année I still have some (days) to take before the end of the yeardans deux/quelques jours in two/a few days' timea. [sans s'occuper du lendemain] from day to dayb. [précairement] from hand to moutha. [grandir] daily, day by dayb. [varier] from day to day, from one day to the nexta. [incessamment] any day (now)b. [de façon imprévisible] from one day to the nexta. [constamment] day after dayb. [graduellement] day by day2. [exprime la durée]nous avons eu trois jours de pluie we had rain for three days ou three days of rainça va prendre un jour de lessivage et trois jours de peinture it'll take one day to wash down and three days to paint3. [date précise] dayle jour où the day ou time thatle vendredi, c'est le jour de Nora/du poisson Friday is Nora's day/is the day we have fishle jour du Jugement dernier doomsday, Judgment Dayle jour du Seigneur the Lord's Day, the Sabbathle grand jour pour elle/lui her/his big dayson manteau/son discours des grands jours the coat she wears/the speech she makes on important occasionsmes chaussures de tous les jours my everyday ou ordinary shoes, the shoes I wear everydayun de ces jours, un jourou l'autre one of these daysà ce jour to this day, to dateB.[CLARTÉ]1. [lumière] daylightavant le jour before dawn ou daybreakau petit jour at dawn ou daybreakjour et nuit, nuit et jour day and night, night and dayje dors le jour I sleep during the day ou in the daytimeexamine-le au ou en plein jour look at it in the daylight2. [aspect]enfin, il s'est montré sous son vrai jour! he's shown his true colours at last!voir quelque chose sous son vrai ou véritable jour to see something in its true light3. (locution)a. [enfant] to give birth to, to bring into the worldb. [projet] to give birth toc. [mode, tendance] to startjeter un jour nouveau sur to throw ou to cast new light ona. [bébé] to be bornb. [journal] to come outc. [théorie, invention] to appeard. [projet] to see the light of dayC.[OUVERTURE]4. (locution)se faire jour to emerge, to become clear————————jours nom masculin pluriel2. [époque]a. [les moments difficiles] unhappy days, hard timesb. [les jours où rien ne va] bad daysa. [printemps] springtimeb. [été] summertimeah, c'étaient les beaux jours! [jeunesse] ah, those were the days!————————à jour locution adjectivale[cahier, travail] kept up to date————————à jour locution adverbialetenir/mettre quelque chose à jour to keep/to bring something up to date————————au grand jour locution adverbiale————————de jour locution adjectivale[hôpital, unité] day, daytime (modificateur)————————de jour locution adverbiale[travailler] during the dayêtre de jour to be on day duty ou on days————————du jour locution adjectivale[homme] of the momentun œuf du jour a new-laid ou newly-laid ou freshly-laid eggdu jour au lendemain locution adverbiale————————d'un jour locution adjectivale————————par jour locution adverbiale -
107 le
le [lə]━━━━━━━━━1. article2. pronoun━━━━━━━━━, la [la]━━━━━━━━━1. article2. pronoun━━━━━━━━━1. <━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━a. theb. ( = par) a• 50 € le mètre 50 euros a metre• 50 € le litre 50 euros a litrec. (fraction) ad. (dans les généralisations, avec les noms non comptables)━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► L'article défini français n'est pas traduit en anglais dans les généralisations, avec les noms non comptables et dans certaines expressions de temps.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━e. (possession)━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque l'article se réfère à une partie du corps d'une personne définie, il se traduit généralement par le possessif, sauf après to have.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━2. <━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━a. (objet direct) ( = chose, animal dont on ignore le sexe) it ; ( = homme, enfant ou animal mâle) him ; ( = femme, enfant ou animal femelle) her• une araignée ! tue-la ! a spider! kill it!• je te prête cette robe, mets-la pour aller à la fête I'll lend you this dress, you can wear it to the party• voilà Jean, regarde-le, il est en pyjama there's Jean, look at him, he's in his pyjamasb. ( = cela) it• il était ministre, il ne l'est plus he used to be a minister but he isn't any longer• appelle-les ! call them!* * *
1.
1) ( avec complément de nom)la jupe/fille de ma sœur — my sister's skirt/daughter
3) ( avec un nom d'espèce)l'homme préhistorique/de Cro-Magnon — prehistoric/Cro-Magnon man
4) ( avec un nom propre)la Saint-Michel — St. Michael's day
5) ( avec un adjectif)7) (pour donner un prix, une fréquence etc) a, an8) ( dans les exclamations)
2.
pronom personnelje ne le/la/les comprends pas — I don't understand him/her/them
3.
pronom neutre1) ( complément)je le savais — ( j'étais au courant) I knew; ( j'aurais dû m'en douter) I knew it
si je ne le fais pas, qui le fera? — if I don't do it, who will?
je le croyais aussi, mais... — I thought so too, but...
si c'est lui qui le dit... — if he says so...
‘ils auront fini demain’ - ‘espérons-le!’ — ‘they'll have finished tomorrow’ - ‘let's hope so!’
2) ( attribut)‘est-elle satisfaite?’ - ‘je ne crois pas qu'elle le soit’ — ‘is she satisfied?’ - ‘I don't think so’
••
le, la, les article défini se traduit par the (invariable) quand le nom qu'il précède est déterminé par un contexte supposé connu de l'interlocuteur: passe-moi le sel = pass me the salt; le déjeuner d'anniversaire = the birthday lunch; le courage de faire = the courage to doIl ne se traduit pas quand ce nom exprime une généralité ou que son contexte est indéterminé: le sel de mer = sea salt; pendant le déjeuner = during lunch; le courage seul ne suffit pas = courage alone isn't enough- the se prononce ðə devant consonne et h aspiré, ðɪ devant voyelle et h muet (hour, honest, honour [BrE], heir), et ði: quand il est employé de manière emphatique pour indiquer l'excellence (comme le en français dans c'est le poète de la liberté)- Sont traités ci-dessous les cas où l'article se traduit différemment de the, ou ne se traduit pas, ou se rend par une structure particulière, à l'exclusion de ceux qui sont développés dans les notes d'usage répertoriées, notamment celles concernant les jours de la semaine, maladies, jeux, nationalités, langues, pays, nombres, titres etc- Dans la composition du superlatif, l'anglais ne répète pas l'article: l'homme le plus riche/intelligent du monde = the richest/most intelligent man in the world- Les noms de plat sur un menu ne prennent pas d'article: le steak au poivre vert = steak with green peppercorns- Il n'y a pas d'article après whose: les enfants dont la mère... = the children whose mother...- L'article se traduit avec les noms d'inventions: la charrue = the plough GB ou plow US; l'ordinateur = the computer, voir également la note- Noter: la Terre est ronde = the earth is round mais sur la planète Terre = on planet Earth et au contraire de la Terre, Mars... = unlike Earth, Mars...Le pronom personnel se traduit selon le genre et le nombre de l'antécédent en anglais: him pour représenter une personne de sexe masculin, un animal familier mâle; her pour une personne de sexe féminin, un animal familier femelle, un bateau, un véhicule qu'on aime bien ou dont on parle avec ironie; it pour une chose, un concept, un pays, une institution, un animal; them pour un antécédent pluriel* * *l la (la) l' (devant un nom commençant par une voyelle ou un h muet) les pl1. art déf1) theJe déteste la violence. — I hate violence.
Évitez de vous laver le visage avec du savon. — Avoid washing your face with soap.
4) (moment, date)le jeudi (d'habitude) — on Thursdays, (= ce jeudi-là) on Thursday
Nous venons le 3 décembre. — We're coming on 3 December.
Il est arrivé le douze mai. — He arrived on 12 May.
5)6) (fraction)2. pronJe le vois. — I can see him.
Je la vois. — I can see her.
Je les vois. — I can see them.
Daniel est un vieil ami: je le connais depuis plus de vingt ans. — Daniel is an old friend: I've known him for over 20 years.
C'est une femme intelligente: je l'admire beaucoup. — She's an intelligent woman: I admire her very much.
La chatte miaule, je vais la nourrir. — The cat's miaowing, I'll go and feed her.
Je les envie. — I envy them.
2) (chose, abstraction, animal dont on ignore le sexe) (singulier) it, (pluriel) themC'est une bonne émission: je la regarde toutes les semaines. — It's a good programme: I watch it every week.
Où est mon stylo? Je ne le trouve plus. — Where's my pen? I can't find it.
"Où est le fromage?" - - "Je l'ai mis au frigo." — "Where's the cheese?" - - "I've put it in the fridge."
Un lézard! Je vais le prendre en photo. — A lizard! I'll take a photo of it.
Tes lunettes? Je les vois. — Your glasses? I can see them.
Je ne le savais pas. — I didn't know.
Il était riche et ne l'est plus. — He was once rich but no longer is.
* * *A art déf1 ( avec complément de nom) la jupe/fille de ma sœur my sister's skirt/daughter; les chapitres du livre the chapters of the book; la table de la cuisine the kitchen table;2 ( en parlant d'une personne) il est arrivé les mains dans les poches he came with his hands in his pockets; elle s'est cogné le bras she banged her arm; elle m'a pris par le bras she took me by the arm; elle a reçu une tomate dans l'œil a tomato hit her in the eye;3 ( avec un nom d'espèce) l'homme préhistorique/de Cro-Magnon prehistoric/Cro-Magnon man; l'araignée n'est pas un insecte spiders are not insects, the spider isn't an insect; les droits de l'enfant children's rights; elle aime les chevaux she likes horses;4 ( avec un nom propre) les Dupont the Duponts; les Newton, Einstein et autres génies the Newtons, Einsteins and other geniuses; la Marion○ ( femme) Marion; la Fleurette (vache, jument) old Fleurette; Le Caravage Caravaggio; la Caballé Caballé; la Noël Christmas; la Saint-Michel St. Michael's day; le roi Olaf King Olaf; j'ai acheté le Cézanne/la Volvo® I bought the Cézanne/the Volvo®;5 ( avec un adjectif) je prendrai la bleue/la plus foncée I'll take the blue one/the darkest one; le ridicule de cette affaire what is ridiculous about this matter; les pauvres the poor; Pierre le Grand Peter the Great;6 ( avec préposition et nombre) arriver sur or vers les 11 heures to arrive about 11 o'clock; coûter dans les 20 euros to cost about 20 euros; il doit avoir dans la cinquantaine he must be about fifty;7 (pour donner un prix, une fréquence etc) a, an; 5 euros le kilo/la douzaine 5 euros a kilo/a dozen; trois fois la semaine/l'an three times a week/a year;8 ( dans les exclamations) l'imbécile! the fool!; ah, l'imbécile! what a fool!; la pauvre! the poor thing!; la méchante! the naughty girl!; (oh) la jolie robe! what a pretty dress!B pron pers je ne le/la/les comprends pas I don't understand him/her/them.C pron neutre1 ( complément) je le savais ( je suis au courant) I knew; ( j'aurais dû m'en douter) I knew it; je ne veux pas le savoir I don't want to know (about it); si je ne le fais pas, qui le fera? if I don't do it, who will?; je le croyais aussi, mais… I thought so too, but…; si c'est lui qui le dit… if HE says so…; tu vois, je te l'avais dit! you see, I told you so!; je te l'avais bien dit qu'il avait tort I did tell you that he was wrong; ‘ils auront fini demain’-‘espérons-le!’ ‘they'll have finished tomorrow’-‘let's hope so!’; comme tu peux bien l'imaginer, le train avait du retard as you can well imagine, the train was late;2 ( attribut) ‘est-elle satisfaite?’-‘je ne crois pas qu'elle le soit’ ‘is she satisfied?’-‘I don't think she is’ ou ‘I don't think so’; le jardin n'était pas entretenu, maintenant il l'est the garden GB ou yard US wasn't tidy, now it is.[lə] (devant voyelle ou 'h' muet l' [l], féminin la [la], pluriel les [le]) déterminant (article défini)1. [avec un nom commun] the2. [dans le temps][devant une date]le 15 janvier 1991 15 January, 1991a. he came to see us on the 15th of August ou on August the 15thb. [par écrit] he came to see us on August 153. [dans les fractions] a, anle quart/tiers de a quarter/third of4. [avec un sens distributif]deux euros le kilo two euros a ou per kilole docteur reçoit le lundi et le vendredi ou les lundis et vendredis the doctor sees patients on Monday and Friday ou Mondays and Fridays5. [avec valeur d'adjectif démonstratif]6. [avec une valeur expressive] what an ou aalors, les amis, comment ça va? well, folks, how are you?7. [avec valeur d'adjectif possessif]le chapeau sur la tête her/his etc. hat on his/her etc. head8. [avec une valeur généralisante]le cheval, comme d'autres mammifères... the horse ou horses, like other mammals...9. [marquant l'approximation]vers les 4 h about ou around 4 o'clock10. [avec un nom propre] theles Bourbons, les Stuarts the Bourbons, the Stuarts————————1. [complément d'objet - homme] him ; [ - femme, nation, bateau] her ; [ - chose, animal] it ; [ - bébé, animal domestique] him, her, itce bordeaux, je l'ai déjà goûté I've already tasted this ou that Bordeauxil l'a probablement oublié, ton livre he's probably forgotten your book ou that book of yours2. [représentant une proposition]elle est partie hier soir, du moins je l'ai entendu dire she left last night, at least that's what I've heardallez, dis-le-lui go on, tell him (about it)3. [comme attribut]pour être timide, ça, il l'est! boy, is he shy!, talk about shy! -
108 loupé
loupe [lup]feminine noun• examiner qch à la loupe to look at sth through a magnifying glass ; (figurative) to examine sth in great detail* * *lupnom féminin ( lentille) magnifying glass* * *lup nf1) (pour examiner) magnifying glassà la loupe fig — in minute detail
2)* * *loupe nf1 ( lentille) magnifying glass; à la loupe lit with a magnifying glass; examiner qch à la loupe lit to look at sth through a magnifying glass; fig to put sth under the microscope;4 ( pierre) gemstone with flaws.loupe binoculaire low-power stereo microscope.mon gâteau est loupé! my cake's a failure!, I've made a mess of my cake!————————nom masculinil y a eu quelques loupés au début we made a few boobs ou we screwed up a few times to start with -
109 lé
le [lə]━━━━━━━━━1. article2. pronoun━━━━━━━━━, la [la]━━━━━━━━━1. article2. pronoun━━━━━━━━━1. <━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━a. theb. ( = par) a• 50 € le mètre 50 euros a metre• 50 € le litre 50 euros a litrec. (fraction) ad. (dans les généralisations, avec les noms non comptables)━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► L'article défini français n'est pas traduit en anglais dans les généralisations, avec les noms non comptables et dans certaines expressions de temps.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━e. (possession)━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque l'article se réfère à une partie du corps d'une personne définie, il se traduit généralement par le possessif, sauf après to have.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━2. <━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━a. (objet direct) ( = chose, animal dont on ignore le sexe) it ; ( = homme, enfant ou animal mâle) him ; ( = femme, enfant ou animal femelle) her• une araignée ! tue-la ! a spider! kill it!• je te prête cette robe, mets-la pour aller à la fête I'll lend you this dress, you can wear it to the party• voilà Jean, regarde-le, il est en pyjama there's Jean, look at him, he's in his pyjamasb. ( = cela) it• il était ministre, il ne l'est plus he used to be a minister but he isn't any longer• appelle-les ! call them!* * *
1.
1) ( avec complément de nom)la jupe/fille de ma sœur — my sister's skirt/daughter
3) ( avec un nom d'espèce)l'homme préhistorique/de Cro-Magnon — prehistoric/Cro-Magnon man
4) ( avec un nom propre)la Saint-Michel — St. Michael's day
5) ( avec un adjectif)7) (pour donner un prix, une fréquence etc) a, an8) ( dans les exclamations)
2.
pronom personnelje ne le/la/les comprends pas — I don't understand him/her/them
3.
pronom neutre1) ( complément)je le savais — ( j'étais au courant) I knew; ( j'aurais dû m'en douter) I knew it
si je ne le fais pas, qui le fera? — if I don't do it, who will?
je le croyais aussi, mais... — I thought so too, but...
si c'est lui qui le dit... — if he says so...
‘ils auront fini demain’ - ‘espérons-le!’ — ‘they'll have finished tomorrow’ - ‘let's hope so!’
2) ( attribut)‘est-elle satisfaite?’ - ‘je ne crois pas qu'elle le soit’ — ‘is she satisfied?’ - ‘I don't think so’
••
le, la, les article défini se traduit par the (invariable) quand le nom qu'il précède est déterminé par un contexte supposé connu de l'interlocuteur: passe-moi le sel = pass me the salt; le déjeuner d'anniversaire = the birthday lunch; le courage de faire = the courage to doIl ne se traduit pas quand ce nom exprime une généralité ou que son contexte est indéterminé: le sel de mer = sea salt; pendant le déjeuner = during lunch; le courage seul ne suffit pas = courage alone isn't enough- the se prononce ðə devant consonne et h aspiré, ðɪ devant voyelle et h muet (hour, honest, honour [BrE], heir), et ði: quand il est employé de manière emphatique pour indiquer l'excellence (comme le en français dans c'est le poète de la liberté)- Sont traités ci-dessous les cas où l'article se traduit différemment de the, ou ne se traduit pas, ou se rend par une structure particulière, à l'exclusion de ceux qui sont développés dans les notes d'usage répertoriées, notamment celles concernant les jours de la semaine, maladies, jeux, nationalités, langues, pays, nombres, titres etc- Dans la composition du superlatif, l'anglais ne répète pas l'article: l'homme le plus riche/intelligent du monde = the richest/most intelligent man in the world- Les noms de plat sur un menu ne prennent pas d'article: le steak au poivre vert = steak with green peppercorns- Il n'y a pas d'article après whose: les enfants dont la mère... = the children whose mother...- L'article se traduit avec les noms d'inventions: la charrue = the plough GB ou plow US; l'ordinateur = the computer, voir également la note- Noter: la Terre est ronde = the earth is round mais sur la planète Terre = on planet Earth et au contraire de la Terre, Mars... = unlike Earth, Mars...Le pronom personnel se traduit selon le genre et le nombre de l'antécédent en anglais: him pour représenter une personne de sexe masculin, un animal familier mâle; her pour une personne de sexe féminin, un animal familier femelle, un bateau, un véhicule qu'on aime bien ou dont on parle avec ironie; it pour une chose, un concept, un pays, une institution, un animal; them pour un antécédent pluriel* * *l la (la) l' (devant un nom commençant par une voyelle ou un h muet) les pl1. art déf1) theJe déteste la violence. — I hate violence.
Évitez de vous laver le visage avec du savon. — Avoid washing your face with soap.
4) (moment, date)le jeudi (d'habitude) — on Thursdays, (= ce jeudi-là) on Thursday
Nous venons le 3 décembre. — We're coming on 3 December.
Il est arrivé le douze mai. — He arrived on 12 May.
5)6) (fraction)2. pronJe le vois. — I can see him.
Je la vois. — I can see her.
Je les vois. — I can see them.
Daniel est un vieil ami: je le connais depuis plus de vingt ans. — Daniel is an old friend: I've known him for over 20 years.
C'est une femme intelligente: je l'admire beaucoup. — She's an intelligent woman: I admire her very much.
La chatte miaule, je vais la nourrir. — The cat's miaowing, I'll go and feed her.
Je les envie. — I envy them.
2) (chose, abstraction, animal dont on ignore le sexe) (singulier) it, (pluriel) themC'est une bonne émission: je la regarde toutes les semaines. — It's a good programme: I watch it every week.
Où est mon stylo? Je ne le trouve plus. — Where's my pen? I can't find it.
"Où est le fromage?" - - "Je l'ai mis au frigo." — "Where's the cheese?" - - "I've put it in the fridge."
Un lézard! Je vais le prendre en photo. — A lizard! I'll take a photo of it.
Tes lunettes? Je les vois. — Your glasses? I can see them.
Je ne le savais pas. — I didn't know.
Il était riche et ne l'est plus. — He was once rich but no longer is.
* * *A art déf1 ( avec complément de nom) la jupe/fille de ma sœur my sister's skirt/daughter; les chapitres du livre the chapters of the book; la table de la cuisine the kitchen table;2 ( en parlant d'une personne) il est arrivé les mains dans les poches he came with his hands in his pockets; elle s'est cogné le bras she banged her arm; elle m'a pris par le bras she took me by the arm; elle a reçu une tomate dans l'œil a tomato hit her in the eye;3 ( avec un nom d'espèce) l'homme préhistorique/de Cro-Magnon prehistoric/Cro-Magnon man; l'araignée n'est pas un insecte spiders are not insects, the spider isn't an insect; les droits de l'enfant children's rights; elle aime les chevaux she likes horses;4 ( avec un nom propre) les Dupont the Duponts; les Newton, Einstein et autres génies the Newtons, Einsteins and other geniuses; la Marion○ ( femme) Marion; la Fleurette (vache, jument) old Fleurette; Le Caravage Caravaggio; la Caballé Caballé; la Noël Christmas; la Saint-Michel St. Michael's day; le roi Olaf King Olaf; j'ai acheté le Cézanne/la Volvo® I bought the Cézanne/the Volvo®;5 ( avec un adjectif) je prendrai la bleue/la plus foncée I'll take the blue one/the darkest one; le ridicule de cette affaire what is ridiculous about this matter; les pauvres the poor; Pierre le Grand Peter the Great;6 ( avec préposition et nombre) arriver sur or vers les 11 heures to arrive about 11 o'clock; coûter dans les 20 euros to cost about 20 euros; il doit avoir dans la cinquantaine he must be about fifty;7 (pour donner un prix, une fréquence etc) a, an; 5 euros le kilo/la douzaine 5 euros a kilo/a dozen; trois fois la semaine/l'an three times a week/a year;8 ( dans les exclamations) l'imbécile! the fool!; ah, l'imbécile! what a fool!; la pauvre! the poor thing!; la méchante! the naughty girl!; (oh) la jolie robe! what a pretty dress!B pron pers je ne le/la/les comprends pas I don't understand him/her/them.C pron neutre1 ( complément) je le savais ( je suis au courant) I knew; ( j'aurais dû m'en douter) I knew it; je ne veux pas le savoir I don't want to know (about it); si je ne le fais pas, qui le fera? if I don't do it, who will?; je le croyais aussi, mais… I thought so too, but…; si c'est lui qui le dit… if HE says so…; tu vois, je te l'avais dit! you see, I told you so!; je te l'avais bien dit qu'il avait tort I did tell you that he was wrong; ‘ils auront fini demain’-‘espérons-le!’ ‘they'll have finished tomorrow’-‘let's hope so!’; comme tu peux bien l'imaginer, le train avait du retard as you can well imagine, the train was late;2 ( attribut) ‘est-elle satisfaite?’-‘je ne crois pas qu'elle le soit’ ‘is she satisfied?’-‘I don't think she is’ ou ‘I don't think so’; le jardin n'était pas entretenu, maintenant il l'est the garden GB ou yard US wasn't tidy, now it is.[le] nom masculin1. [d'un tissu, d'un papier peint] width2. [d'une jupe] gore -
110 mesure
mesure [m(ə)zyʀ]feminine nouna. ( = disposition, moyen) measure• il faut prendre les mesures nécessaires pour... the necessary steps must be taken to...b. ( = évaluation, dimension) measurement• ce costume est-il bien à ma mesure ? is this suit my size?• prendre la mesure de qn/qch to size sb/sth upc. ( = unité, récipient) measured. ( = modération) moderationf. (locutions)► dans + mesure• il les pliait et me les passait au fur et à mesure he folded them and handed them to me one by one* * *məzyʀ1) ( initiative) measurepar mesure d'économie — as an economy measure, to save money
prendre des mesures — gén to take measures; ( autoritairement) to take steps
2) ( dimension) measurementprendre les mesures de quelqu'un — [couturière] to take somebody's measurements
(fait) sur mesure — [vêtement] made-to-measure (épith); [chaussures] handmade
3) ( évaluation) measurement5) (récipient, contenu) measure6) ( modération) moderationsans mesure — [dépenser] wildly; [boire] to excess
7) Musique baren mesure — [jouer] in time; [danser] in time to the music
8) ( situation)9) ( limite)je t'aiderai, dans la mesure où je le pourrai or de mes moyens — I'll help you as much as I can
* * *m(ə)zyʀ nf1) (= évaluation) measurementsur mesure (costume) — tailor-made, made-to-measure
un costume sur mesure — a tailor-made suit, fig (cuisine, meuble) made-to-measure, custom-made, (voyage, formation) to suit individual requirements
à la mesure de fig (contenant, espace) [contenu] — on the same scale as, [entreprise, besoins] adapted to, geared to, [personne, ambitions] worthy of
2) (= dimension) measurementprendre les mesures de — to measure, to take the measurements of
J'ai pris les mesures de la fenêtre. — I took the measurements of the window.
3) (= étalon, récipient) measure5) (= retenue) moderationavec mesure [dépenser] — moderately, [critiquer] in measured terms, [agir] with moderation
6) (= disposition) measure, stepL'établissement a pris des mesures pour lutter contre le vandalisme. — The school has taken steps to combat vandalism.
dans la mesure où — insofar as, inasmuch as
dans une certaine mesure — to some extent, to a certain extent
à mesure que — as
Nous ne sommes pas en mesure de vous renseigner. — We are not in a position to give you any information.
Quand je cuisine, je préfère faire la vaisselle au fur et à mesure. — When I'm cooking, I prefer to wash up as I go along.
Le taux de participation donne la mesure de la victoire du candidat socialiste. — The size of the turnout shows the extent of the socialist candidate's victory.
* * *mesure nf1 ( initiative) measure; mesure économique/administrative/préventive economic/administrative/preventive measure; par mesure d'économie as an economy measure, to save money; prendre des mesures gén to take measures; ( autoritairement) to take steps; par mesure de sécurité as a safety precaution; mesure de faveur favourGB;2 ( dimension) measurement; prendre les mesures de qch lit to take the measurements of sth; prendre les mesures de qn [couturière] to take sb's measurements; faire prendre ses mesures to be measured up (for sth); prendre la mesure de la tâche qui nous attend to assess the scale of the task ahead; prendre la mesure des événements politiques to make an assessment of political events; prendre l'exacte mesure de la concurrence to weigh up the competition; (fait) sur mesure [robe, costume, chemise] made-to-measure, custom-made US; [chaussures] handmade; [maison] custom-built; c'est fait sur mesure, c'est du sur mesure [vêtement] it's made to measure ou custom-tailored US; le sur mesure made-to-measure ou custom-tailored US clothes (pl); tu as un emploi sur mesure the job is tailor-made for you; à la mesure de l'homme [bâtiment, architecture] on a human scale; emploi à la mesure de ses ambitions job which is commensurate with one's ambition; c'est une adversaire à ta mesure she is a match for you; des résultats qui donnent la mesure de tes capacités results which show your true worth; donner toute sa mesure to show one's worth; pour faire bonne mesure for good measure;3 ( évaluation) measurement; unité de mesure unit of measurement; instrument or appareil de mesure measuring device; permettre la mesure d'une distance au mètre près [instrument] to allow one to measure distances to within a metreGB;4 ( unité) measure; le système des poids et des mesures the weights and measures system; une mesure de volume a measure of volume; ⇒ deux;5 (récipient, contenu) measure; mesure de volume ( pour liquides) liquid measure; ( pour solides) dry measure; deux mesures de lait pour une mesure d'eau two parts milk to one of water; ⇒ deux;6 ( modération) moderation; manquer de mesure to lack moderation; parler avec mesure to weigh one's words; agir avec mesure to behave in a moderate way; sans mesure [dépenser] wildly; [boire] to excess; une jalousie sans mesure an excessive jealousy; garder une juste mesure en toute chose to keep a sense of proportion in all things; dépasser la mesure to go too far;7 Mus bar; barre de mesure bar line GB, bar US; mesure simple simple ou duple time; mesure composée compound ou triple time; c'est une mesure à trois temps it's in three time; battre la mesure to beat time; jouer en mesure to play in time; danser en mesure to dance in time to the music;8 ( situation) être en mesure de promettre/rembourser to be in a position to promise/reimburse; un individu en mesure de tuer an individual capable of killing; le malade n'est pas en mesure de vous parler the patient cannot talk to you; le réseau ferroviaire n'est pas en mesure de the rail network cannot;9 ( limite) je t'aiderai, dans la mesure où je le pourrai or de mes moyens I'll help you as much as I can; dans la mesure du possible as far as possible; dans une certaine mesure to some extent; dans quelle mesure to what extent; dans une large mesure largely, to a large extent; elle a raison, dans une large mesure she is largely right, to a large extent she is right; c'est vrai, dans une large mesure it is largely true, to a large extent it is true; dans une plus ou moins large mesure to a greater or lesser extent; dans une moindre mesure to a lesser extent; dans la mesure où existe déjà un tel système insofar as such a system already exists.[məzyr] nom féminin[résultat] measurementmesure de surface/longueur a measure of surface area/of length3. [récipient] measurea. [pour liquides] (liquid) measureb. [pour le grain, les haricots] (dry) measure5. [retenue] moderationtu passes ou dépasses la mesure you're going too fardépenser avec/sans mesure to spend with/without moderation6. [qualité] measureil ne donne (toute) sa mesure que dans la dernière scène he only displays the full measure of his talent ou only shows what he's capable of in the last scenemesure de rétorsion retaliatory measure, reprisal8. [degré] extentdans la mesure où cela peut lui être agréable insofar as ou inasmuch as he might enjoy itdans une certaine mesure to some ou a certain extentêtre en mesure de to be able ou in a position tomesure composée/simple compound/simple timemesure à quatre temps four-four time ou measure, common time ou measure10. LITTÉRATURE metre12. ÉQUITATION gait————————à la mesure de locution prépositionnelleelle a un adversaire à sa mesure she's got an opponent worthy of her ou who is a match for her————————à mesure que locution conjonctiveasoutre mesure locution adverbialeils ne s'aiment pas outre mesure they're not overkeen ou excessively keen on each other————————sur mesure locution adjectivale2. (comme nom) -
111 mesuré
mesure [m(ə)zyʀ]feminine nouna. ( = disposition, moyen) measure• il faut prendre les mesures nécessaires pour... the necessary steps must be taken to...b. ( = évaluation, dimension) measurement• ce costume est-il bien à ma mesure ? is this suit my size?• prendre la mesure de qn/qch to size sb/sth upc. ( = unité, récipient) measured. ( = modération) moderationf. (locutions)► dans + mesure• il les pliait et me les passait au fur et à mesure he folded them and handed them to me one by one* * *məzyʀ1) ( initiative) measurepar mesure d'économie — as an economy measure, to save money
prendre des mesures — gén to take measures; ( autoritairement) to take steps
2) ( dimension) measurementprendre les mesures de quelqu'un — [couturière] to take somebody's measurements
(fait) sur mesure — [vêtement] made-to-measure (épith); [chaussures] handmade
3) ( évaluation) measurement5) (récipient, contenu) measure6) ( modération) moderationsans mesure — [dépenser] wildly; [boire] to excess
7) Musique baren mesure — [jouer] in time; [danser] in time to the music
8) ( situation)9) ( limite)je t'aiderai, dans la mesure où je le pourrai or de mes moyens — I'll help you as much as I can
* * *m(ə)zyʀ nf1) (= évaluation) measurementsur mesure (costume) — tailor-made, made-to-measure
un costume sur mesure — a tailor-made suit, fig (cuisine, meuble) made-to-measure, custom-made, (voyage, formation) to suit individual requirements
à la mesure de fig (contenant, espace) [contenu] — on the same scale as, [entreprise, besoins] adapted to, geared to, [personne, ambitions] worthy of
2) (= dimension) measurementprendre les mesures de — to measure, to take the measurements of
J'ai pris les mesures de la fenêtre. — I took the measurements of the window.
3) (= étalon, récipient) measure5) (= retenue) moderationavec mesure [dépenser] — moderately, [critiquer] in measured terms, [agir] with moderation
6) (= disposition) measure, stepL'établissement a pris des mesures pour lutter contre le vandalisme. — The school has taken steps to combat vandalism.
dans la mesure où — insofar as, inasmuch as
dans une certaine mesure — to some extent, to a certain extent
à mesure que — as
Nous ne sommes pas en mesure de vous renseigner. — We are not in a position to give you any information.
Quand je cuisine, je préfère faire la vaisselle au fur et à mesure. — When I'm cooking, I prefer to wash up as I go along.
Le taux de participation donne la mesure de la victoire du candidat socialiste. — The size of the turnout shows the extent of the socialist candidate's victory.
* * *mesure nf1 ( initiative) measure; mesure économique/administrative/préventive economic/administrative/preventive measure; par mesure d'économie as an economy measure, to save money; prendre des mesures gén to take measures; ( autoritairement) to take steps; par mesure de sécurité as a safety precaution; mesure de faveur favourGB;2 ( dimension) measurement; prendre les mesures de qch lit to take the measurements of sth; prendre les mesures de qn [couturière] to take sb's measurements; faire prendre ses mesures to be measured up (for sth); prendre la mesure de la tâche qui nous attend to assess the scale of the task ahead; prendre la mesure des événements politiques to make an assessment of political events; prendre l'exacte mesure de la concurrence to weigh up the competition; (fait) sur mesure [robe, costume, chemise] made-to-measure, custom-made US; [chaussures] handmade; [maison] custom-built; c'est fait sur mesure, c'est du sur mesure [vêtement] it's made to measure ou custom-tailored US; le sur mesure made-to-measure ou custom-tailored US clothes (pl); tu as un emploi sur mesure the job is tailor-made for you; à la mesure de l'homme [bâtiment, architecture] on a human scale; emploi à la mesure de ses ambitions job which is commensurate with one's ambition; c'est une adversaire à ta mesure she is a match for you; des résultats qui donnent la mesure de tes capacités results which show your true worth; donner toute sa mesure to show one's worth; pour faire bonne mesure for good measure;3 ( évaluation) measurement; unité de mesure unit of measurement; instrument or appareil de mesure measuring device; permettre la mesure d'une distance au mètre près [instrument] to allow one to measure distances to within a metreGB;4 ( unité) measure; le système des poids et des mesures the weights and measures system; une mesure de volume a measure of volume; ⇒ deux;5 (récipient, contenu) measure; mesure de volume ( pour liquides) liquid measure; ( pour solides) dry measure; deux mesures de lait pour une mesure d'eau two parts milk to one of water; ⇒ deux;6 ( modération) moderation; manquer de mesure to lack moderation; parler avec mesure to weigh one's words; agir avec mesure to behave in a moderate way; sans mesure [dépenser] wildly; [boire] to excess; une jalousie sans mesure an excessive jealousy; garder une juste mesure en toute chose to keep a sense of proportion in all things; dépasser la mesure to go too far;7 Mus bar; barre de mesure bar line GB, bar US; mesure simple simple ou duple time; mesure composée compound ou triple time; c'est une mesure à trois temps it's in three time; battre la mesure to beat time; jouer en mesure to play in time; danser en mesure to dance in time to the music;8 ( situation) être en mesure de promettre/rembourser to be in a position to promise/reimburse; un individu en mesure de tuer an individual capable of killing; le malade n'est pas en mesure de vous parler the patient cannot talk to you; le réseau ferroviaire n'est pas en mesure de the rail network cannot;9 ( limite) je t'aiderai, dans la mesure où je le pourrai or de mes moyens I'll help you as much as I can; dans la mesure du possible as far as possible; dans une certaine mesure to some extent; dans quelle mesure to what extent; dans une large mesure largely, to a large extent; elle a raison, dans une large mesure she is largely right, to a large extent she is right; c'est vrai, dans une large mesure it is largely true, to a large extent it is true; dans une plus ou moins large mesure to a greater or lesser extent; dans une moindre mesure to a lesser extent; dans la mesure où existe déjà un tel système insofar as such a system already exists.1. [lent] measured -
112 sauter
sauter [sote]➭ TABLE 11. intransitive verb• sauter en hauteur/en longueur to do the high/the long jump• sauter en l'air or au plafond (de colère) to hit the roof (inf) ; (de joie) to jump for joy ; (de surprise, de peur) to jump• sauter d'un sujet à l'autre or du coq à l'âne to jump from one subject to anotherb. ( = se précipiter) sauter du lit to jump out of bed• va faire tes devoirs, et que ça saute ! (inf) go and do your homework and be quick about it!• ça saute aux yeux ! it's obvious!d. ( = exploser) [bâtiment, bombe, pont] to blow up ; [circuit électrique] to fuse ; [fusible] to blow• faire sauter [+ train, édifice] to blow upg. [image de télévision] to flicker2. transitive verba. [+ obstacle, mur] to jump overb. [+ étape, page, repas] to skipc. [+ personne] (inf!) to screw (vulg!)* * *sote
1.
1) ( franchir) to jump [distance, hauteur]; to jump over [ruisseau, barrière]sauter quatre mètres en longueur — to do four metres [BrE] in the long jump
2) ( omettre volontairement) to skip [étape, repas, période]; to leave out [détails]3) ( omettre involontairement) to miss [mot, ligne]4) École
2.
verbe intransitif1) ( faire un saut) gén to jump; ( vers le bas) to jump (down); ( vers le haut) to jump (up); ( vers l'extérieur) to jump (out); ( vers l'intérieur) to jump (in)saute! — ( de haut) jump (down)!; ( dans une piscine) jump (in)!
sauter à pieds joints — lit to jump with one's feet together
sauter à pieds joints dans un piège — fig to fall straight into a trap
sauter en hauteur/en longueur — to do the high/long jump
sauter en parachute — ( une fois) to make a parachute jump; ( régulièrement) to go parachute jumping
sauter sur son téléphone/pistolet — to grab one's telephone/gun
sauter sur l'occasion/une offre — to jump at the chance/an offer
2) ( aller vivement) to jumpsauter dans un taxi/dans un train — to jump ou hop into a taxi/onto a train
3) ( passer)4) (colloq) ( être supprimé)faire sauter un paragraphe — ( délibérément) to take out a paragraph; ( par erreur) to miss out GB ou miss a paragraph
5) (être délogé, instable) [courroie, chaîne de vélo] to come off; [images de télévision] to jump6) ( céder)faire sauter les barrières — fig to break down the barriers
7) ( exploser) [bombe, mine] to blow up, to go off; [pont, bâtiment] to be blown up, to go up8) Culinaire••et que ça saute! — (colloq) make it snappy! (colloq)
sauter en l'air (colloq) or au plafond — (colloq) ( de joie) to jump for joy; ( de colère) to hit the roof (colloq); ( de surprise) to be staggered
* * *sote1. vi1) (= bondir) to jumpvas-y, saute! — go on, jump!
Nous avons sauté par-dessus la barrière. — We jumped over the gate.
2) (= se précipiter) to jumpIl a sauté dans un taxi. — He jumped into a taxi.
3) (= exploser) to blow up, to explode, [fusibles] to blowOn a fait sauter le commissariat de police la nuit dernière. — The police station was blown up last night.
4) [bouchon] to pop out, to pop off5) (= se rompre)6) (= être renvoyé) *, [ministre, pdg] to get the push *Le PDG a fini par sauter. — The CEO eventually got the push.
2. vt1) [barrière, obstacle] to jump over, to leap over2) fig, [ligne, page] to skip3) CUISINE to sauté* * *sauter verb table: aimerA vtr1 ( franchir) to jump [distance, hauteur]; to jump over [ruisseau, barrière]; sauter les trois dernières marches to jump down the bottom three steps; sauter deux mètres en hauteur Sport to clear two metresGB in the high jump; sauter quatre mètres en longueur to do four metresGB in the long jump;2 ( omettre volontairement) to skip [étape, repas, période]; to leave out [détails]; sauter un paragraphe ( en lisant) to skip a paragraph; ( en recopiant) to leave out a paragraph;3 ( omettre involontairement) to miss out GB, to miss [mot, ligne]; sauter son tour Jeux to miss one's turn;4 Scol sauter une année or classe to skip a year;5 ●( sexuellement) to screw●; se faire sauter to get laid●.B vi1 ( faire un saut) gén to jump; ( vers le bas) to jump (down); ( vers le haut) to jump (up); ( vers l'extérieur) to jump (out); ( vers l'intérieur) to jump (in); sauter dans qch to jump into sth; sauter par-dessus qch to jump over sth; sauter sur le banc to jump onto the bench; sauter du banc to jump off the bench; sauter d'une fenêtre to jump out of a window; sauter d'un avion to jump out of a plane; saute! ( de haut) jump (down)!; ( dans une piscine) jump (in)!; sauter à terre to jump (down) to the ground; sauter d'une branche à l'autre to leap from branch to branch; sauter d'un pied sur l'autre to hop from one foot to the other; sauter à pieds joints lit to jump with one's feet together; sauter à pieds joints dans un piège fig to fall straight into a trap; sauter dans le vide to jump; sauter en hauteur/en longueur to do the high/long jump; sauter à la perche to pole vault; sauter en parachute ( une fois) to make a parachute jump; ( régulièrement) to go parachute jumping; sauter à la corde to skip; sauter en ciseaux to do a scissors jump GB ou scissor jump US; faire sauter un enfant sur ses genoux to dandle a child on one's knee; sauter dans l'inconnu to take a leap ou to leap into the unknown; sauter sur qn to pounce on sb; sauter sur son téléphone/pistolet to grab one's telephone/gun; sauter sur l'occasion/une offre to jump at the chance/an offer; sauter à la gorge de qn to go for sb's throat; le chien m'a sauté à la figure the dog went for my face; sauter au cou de qn to greet sb with a kiss; ⇒ reculer;2 ( aller vivement) to jump; sauter du lit to jump out of bed; sauter dans un taxi/dans un train to jump ou hop into a taxi/onto a train; sauter d'un avion à l'autre to hop off one plane and onto the next;3 ( passer) nos frais ont sauté de 20% à 32% our costs have jumped from 20% to 32%; sauter d'un sujet à l'autre to skip from one subject to another;4 ○( être supprimé) faire sauter un paragraphe ( délibérément) to take out a paragraph; ( par erreur) to miss out GB ou miss a paragraph; faire sauter une réunion to cancel a meeting; l'émission/la réunion a sauté the programmeGB/the meeting was cancelledGB; le poste va sauter the job is being axed; faire sauter une contravention to get out of paying a parking ticket;5 (être délogé, instable) [courroie, chaîne de vélo] to come off; [images de télévision] to jump; la troisième vitesse saute the third gear keeps slipping;6 ( céder) faire sauter une serrure to force a lock; faire sauter une maille to drop a stitch; faire sauter les boutons to burst one's buttons; faire sauter une dent à qn to knock one of sb's teeth out; faire sauter les barrières fig to break down the barriers;7 ( exploser) [bombe, mine] to blow up, to go off; [pont, bâtiment] to be blown up, to go up; il a sauté sur une mine he was blown up by a mine; faire sauter qch to blow sth up; faire sauter les plombs Électrotech to blow the fuses;8 Culin faire sauter des oignons to sauté onions; faire sauter une crêpe to toss a pancake; faire sauter les bouchons de champagne to make the champagne corks pop;10 ( faire faillite) to go bust○.sauter aux yeux to be blindingly obvious; et que ça saute○! make it snappy○!; sauter en l'air○ or au plafond○ ( de joie) to jump for joy; ( de colère) to hit the roof○; ( de surprise) to be staggered; la sauter◑ ( avoir faim) to be starving○.[sote] verbe intransitif1. [bondir - personne] to jump, to spring up ; [ - chat] to jump, to leap ; [ - oiseau, insecte] to hop ; [ - grenouille, saumon] to leap ; [ - balle, curseur] to bounce, to jumpsauter dans une tranchée/dans un puits to jump into a trench/down a wellsauter d'une branche/falaise to leap off a branch/cliffsauter par-dessus une corde/un ruisseau to leap over a rope/across a streama. [de colère] to hit the roofb. [de joie] to be thrilled to bits2. JEUX & SPORTsauter en parachute to (parachute) jump, to parachutesauter en hauteur/longueur to do the high/long jumpsauter (à bas) du lit to jump ou to spring out of bedsauter dans un taxi to jump ou to leap into a taxic'est une excellente occasion, je saute dessus it's a great opportunity, I'll grab itsauter à la gorge ou au collet de quelqu'un to jump down somebody's throatva te laver les mains, et que ça saute! (familier) go and wash your hands and get a move on ou get your skates on (UK)ça saute aux yeux it's plain for all to see ou as the nose on your facefaire sauter un pont/char to blow up a bridge/tankla lampe/le circuit a sauté the lamp/circuit has fused (UK), the lamp fuse/the circuit has blown (US)[être projeté]les boutons ont sauté the buttons flew off ou popped off5. [changer sans transition] to jump6. [cesser de fonctionner - chaîne, courroie] to come off ; [ - image de télévision] to flicker ; [ - serrure] to snap7. (familier) [être renvoyé] to fallfaire sauter un directeur to kick out ou to fire a manager8. CUISINE————————[sote] verbe transitif1. [obstacle] to jump ou to leap over (inseparable)3. (très familier & locution)4. (vulgaire) [sexuellement] -
113 tenir
tenir [t(ə)niʀ]━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━➭ TABLE 22━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque tenir fait partie d'une locution comme tenir compagnie, tenir chaud, reportez-vous aussi à l'autre mot.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. <b. ( = maintenir dans un certain état) to keepc. ( = gérer) [+ hôtel, magasin, comptes, maison, ménage] to keepd. ( = détenir) to have• si je le tenais ! just let me get my hands on him!• parfait, je tiens mon article great, now I have my article• qu'est-ce qu'il tient ! (inf) ( = il est ivre) he's plastered (inf!) ; ( = il est idiot) he's such an idiot!e. ( = contrôler) [+ enfant, classe] to have under controlf. ( = organiser) [+ séance, réunion, conférence] to hold• il tenait sa droite [conducteur] he was keeping to the righth. ( = contenir) [récipient] to hold• avec tout ce travail, est-ce qu'il pourra tenir le coup ? with all that work will he be able to cope?j. ( = respecter) [+ promesse, pari, planning] to keep tok. (locutions)► tenir qn/qch pour ( = considérer comme) to regard sb/sth as• elle le tient pour responsable de l'accident she holds him responsible for the accident► tenir qch de qn to get sth from sb• tiens, voilà mon frère ! oh, there's my brother!• tiens, tiens ! well, well!2. <a. ( = rester en place) [objet fixe, nœud, clou] to hold ; [objets empilés, échafaudage] to stay up• la branche est cassée mais elle tient encore the branch is broken but it's still attached to the treeb. ( = durer) [accord, beau temps, coiffure] to hold ; [couleur] to be fast ; [mariage, fleurs] to last• ça tient toujours, notre pique-nique ? (inf) is our picnic still on?c. ( = résister) to hold out• il fait trop chaud, on ne tient plus ici it's too hot - we can't stand it here any longer• à cette table, on peut tenir à huit this table can seat eight3. <• tenir à ( = être attaché à) [+ réputation, opinion de qn] to care about ; [+ objet, personne] to be fond of ; ( = avoir pour cause) to be due to• tu veux aller au cinéma ? -- je n'y tiens pas do you want to go to the cinema? -- not particularly• il tient à ce que nous sachions... he is anxious that we should know...• tu viens avec nous ? -- si tu y tiens are you coming with us? -- if you really want me to• à quoi ça tient ? why is that?• tenir de ( = ressembler à) [+ parent] to take after4. <( = dépendre de) to depend► qu'à cela ne tienne ! no problem!5. <b. ( = être dans une position) se tenir debout to be standing up• redresse-toi, tu te tiens mal stand up straight, you're slouchingc. ( = se conduire) to behave• il n'a qu'à bien se tenir ! he'd better behave himself!d. ( = avoir lieu) [conférence, réunion] to be held ; [festival] to take placee. ( = être cohérent) [raisonnement] to hold togetherf. (locutions)► tiens-toi bien ! wait till you hear the next bit!• tu sais combien elle a gagné ? tiens-toi bien: 3 millions ! do you know how much she won? you won't believe it! - 3 million!► s'en tenir à ( = se limiter à) to confine o.s. to ; ( = se satisfaire de) to content o.s. with• je sais à quoi m'en tenir sur son compte I know the sort of man he is► se tenir pour ( = se considérer comme)• tenez-vous-le pour dit ! (avertissement) you've been warned!* * *təniʀ
1.
1) ( serrer) to holdtiens! — ( voici) here you are!; ( écoute-moi) look!
tiens! c'est pour toi — ( voici un cadeau) here, it's for you; ( voici une gifle) take that!
2) ( avoir sous son contrôle) to keep [somebody] under control3) Armée to hold4) ( avoir attrapé) to holdje te tiens! — I've caught ou got you!
pendant que je te tiens — fig whilst I've got you
tenir une grippe — (colloq) to have flu GB ou the flu US
5) ( posséder) to have [renseignements]6) ( avoir la charge de) to hold [emploi]; to run [boutique, maison, journal]; to be in charge of [standard, bureau d'accueil]7) ( garder) to keep‘tenir hors de portée des enfants’ — ‘keep out of reach of children’
tenir une note — Musique to hold a note
8) ( conserver une position)9) ( maintenir en place) to hold down [chargement]; to hold up [pantalon, chaussettes]10) ( ne pas s'écarter de) to keep to [trajectoire]11) ( résister)tenir la mer — [navire] to be seaworthy
tenir le coup — (physiquement, moralement) to hold out
tenir le choc — [matériel] to withstand the impact; [personne] to stand the strain
12) ( contenir) to hold [quantité, litres]13) ( occuper) [objet] to take up [espace, volume]; [personne] to hold [rôle, position]14) ( considérer)tenir quelqu'un/quelque chose pour responsable — to hold somebody/something responsible
2.
tenir à verbe transitif indirecttenir à — to be fond of, to like
tenir à sa réputation/à la vie — to value one's reputation/one's life
2) ( vouloir)3) ( être dû à)
3.
tenir de verbe transitif indirect1) ( ressembler à)il a de qui tenir — (colloq) you can (just) see who he takes after ou where he gets it from
2) ( s'apparenter à)
4.
verbe intransitif1) ( rester en place) [attache, corde, étagère, barrage, soufflé] to hold; [timbre, colle, sparadrap] to stick (à to); [assemblage, bandage] to stay in place; [coiffure] to stay tidy; [mise en plis] to stay in2) ( résister)tenir (bon) — ( surmonter les conditions) to hold out; ( refuser de capituler) gén to hang on; Armée to hold out; ( ne pas relâcher sa prise) [personne] to hang on
tenir sans cigarettes jusqu'à la fin de la réunion — to last without cigarettes till the end of the meeting
il n'y a pas de télévision qui tienne — (colloq) there's no question of watching television
3) ( durer)la couleur n'a pas tenu — the colour [BrE] has faded
4) ( rester valable) [théorie, argument] to hold good; [alibi] to stand up5) ( être contenu) [personnes, objets] to fit ( dans into)tenir en hauteur/largeur/longueur — to be short enough/narrow enough/short enough ( dans for)
5.
se tenir verbe pronominal1) ( soi-même) to hold2) ( l'un l'autre)3) ( s'accrocher) to hold ontiens-toi or tenez-vous bien — (colloq) fig prepare yourself for a shock
4) ( demeurer)se tenir accroupi/allongé — to be squatting/stretched out
se tenir tranquille — ( immobile) to keep still; ( silencieux) to keep quiet; ( dans la légalité) to behave oneself
se tenir immobile — ( debout) to stand still
5) ( se comporter) to behave6) ( avoir une posture)se tenir bien/mal — to have (a) good posture/(a) bad posture
tiens-toi droit! — ( debout) stand up straight!; ( assis) sit straight!
7) ( avoir lieu) [manifestation, exposition] to be held8) ( être liés) [événements] to fit together9) ( être cohérent) [raisonnement, œuvre] to hold together10) ( se considérer)tenez-vous le pour dit! — (colloq) I don't want to have to tell you again!
11) ( être fidèle)12) ( se limiter)
6.
verbe impersonnel
7.
tiens exclamation oh!tiens (donc), vous voilà! — oh, there you are!
tiens, vous croyez? — do you think so?
tiens donc! — iron fancy that!
tiens tiens (tiens)! — well, well!
* * *t(ə)niʀ1. vt1) (avec sa main) to holdTu peux tenir la lampe, s'il te plaît? — Can you hold the torch, please?
Il tenait un enfant par la main. — He was holding a child by the hand.
2) (= gérer) [magasin, hôtel] to run3) [promesse, engagement] to keep4) (= considérer)5) (= occuper)6) (= résister à)7) (= garder, maintenir)Tenez votre chien en laisse. — Keep your dog on the lead.
8) (= avoir reçu)tenir qch de qn [histoire] — to have heard sth from sb, [qualité, défaut] to have inherited sth from sb, to have got sth from sb
2. vi1) (= ne pas se défaire) [noeud, joint] to hold2) (= ne pas disparaître) [neige, gel] to last3) (= résister) (= survivre) to survivetiens, voilà le stylo! — there's the pen!
5) (exclamatif)Tiens, c'est Alain là-bas! — Look, that's Alain over there!
6)tenir à [ami, objet] — to be attached to, to care for
Il tient beaucoup à elle. — He's very attached to her., (= avoir pour cause) to be due to, to stem from, (= dépendre de)
tenir à faire — to really want to do, to be determined to do
Elle tient à y aller. — She's determined to go.
7)tenir de (= relever de) — to partake of, (= ressembler à) to take after
Il tient de son père. — He takes after his father.
* * *tenir verb table: venirA vtr1 ( serrer) to hold [objet, personne, animal]; tiens-moi ça hold this (for me); tiens-moi hold me; tiens-moi la main hold my hand; tenir qn par la main/le bras to hold sb's hand/arm; tenir un enfant contre sa poitrine to hold a child to one's breast; tenir qch à la main/dans ses mains to hold sth in one's hand/in one's hands; tenir un couteau par le manche to hold a knife by the handle; tenir la rampe to hold onto the banister; tenir son chien to hold one's dog; tenir fermement qch to hold sth firmly ou tightly; tenir qch serré sous le bras to hold sth firmly ou tightly under one's arm; tiens!, tenez! ( voici) here you are!; ( écoutez-moi) look!; tiens! c'est pour toi ( voici un cadeau) here, it's for you; ( voici une gifle) take that!; si je le tenais! if I could get or lay my hands on him!; bien tenir to hold on to [portefeuille, chien]; faire tenir une lettre/un message à qn† to dispatch a letter/a message to sb; ⇒ deux;2 ( avoir sous son contrôle) to keep [sb] under control [élèves, enfants]; tenir sa classe to control one's class well; tenir son cheval Équit to keep one's horse well in hand; il nous tient he's got a hold on us;3 Mil (occuper, contrôler) to hold [colline, pont, ville]; tenir la première place Sport to be in first place;4 ( avoir attrapé) to hold [animal, coupable, meurtrier]; je te tiens! I've caught ou got you!; pendant que je te tiens fig whilst I've got you; tenir une grippe○ to have flu GB ou the flu US;5 ( posséder) to have [preuves, renseignements]; il tient le sujet de son prochain roman he's got the subject of his next novel; tenir qch de qn to get sth from sb [trait physique, caractère, information]; il tient ses yeux bleus de son père he gets his blue eyes from his father; il tient ses informations d'un ami he got his information from a friend; je tiens cette nouvelle de Paul I got this news from Paul; d'où or de qui tenez-vous ce renseignement? where did you get that information?; d'où tenez-vous cette certitude? what makes you so certain?; elle tient ses bijoux de sa mère she inherited her jewels from her mother;6 ( avoir la charge de) to hold [emploi, poste, assemblée]; to run [café, boutique, maison, journal, municipalité]; to be in charge of, to be on duty on [standard, bureau d'accueil]; bien tenir sa maison to keep one's house spick and span; tenir la comptabilité to keep the books;7 ( garder) to keep; tenir qn occupé to keep sb busy; tenir sa chambre propre to keep one's room tidy; tenir les aliments au frais to keep food in a cool place; ‘tenir hors de portée des enfants’ ‘keep out of reach of children’; tenir un accord secret to keep an agreement secret; tenir la porte fermée to keep the door closed; tenir une note Mus to hold a note; tenir un article† to carry an item; tenir les cours† Fin to maintain prices;8 ( conserver une position) tenir sa tête droite/immobile to hold one's head upright/still; tenir les bras écartés to hold one's arms apart; tenir les mains/les bras en l'air to hold up one's hands/one's arms; tenir les yeux ouverts/baissés to keep one's eyes open/lowered; tenir les poings serrés to keep one's fists clenched;9 ( maintenir en place) to hold down [chargement]; to hold up [pantalon, chaussettes]; tenir la porte fermée avec son pied to hold the door shut with one's foot;10 ( ne pas s'écarter de) to keep to [trajectoire]; to keep [rythme] ; tenir sa droite/sa gauche to keep to the right/to the left; tenir le large to stay in open waters;11 ( résister) ne pas tenir la comparaison not to bear comparison; tenir l'eau to be waterproof; tenir la mer [navire] to be seaworthy; tenir le coup (physiquement, moralement) to hold out; tenir le choc lit [matériel, appareil, verre] to withstand the impact; [personne] to stand the strain;12 ( contenir) to hold [quantité]; tenir vingt litres to hold twenty litresGB; ma voiture ne tient que deux personnes there's room for only two people in my car;13 ( occuper) [objet] to take up [espace, place, volume]; [personne] to hold [rôle, position]; tenir peu de place not to take up much room; tenir la place de deux personnes to take up as much room as two people; le monument tient le centre de la place the monument stands in the centreGB of the square;14 ( considérer) tenir qch pour sacré to hold sth sacred; tenir qn pour responsable to hold sb responsible; je le tiens pour un lâche I consider him (to be) a coward; je tiens mes renseignements pour exacts I consider my information to be correct; tenir qn pour mort to give sb up for dead; tenir pour certain que to regard it as certain that.B tenir à vtr ind1 ( avoir de l'attachement pour) tenir à to be fond of, to like [personne, objet]; tenir à sa réputation/à la vie to value one's reputation/one's life; il tient à son argent he can't bear to be parted from his money; tenir à son indépendance to like one's independence; tenir au corps [aliment] to be nourishing;2 ( vouloir) j'y tiens I insist; si vous y tenez if you insist; tenir à faire to want to do; elle tient à vous parler she insists on speaking to you; je ne tiens pas à faire I'd rather not do; tenir à ce que qn fasse to insist that sb should do; je ne tiens pas à ce qu'elle fasse I'd rather she didn't do; je tiens beaucoup à la revoir I'd really like to see her again; il tient à rentrer avant la nuit he's anxious to get home before dark; nous tenons absolument à vous avoir à dîner bientôt you really must come to dinner soon; ne reste pas si tu n'y tiens pas don't stay if you don't want to;3 ( être dû à) tenir à to be due to; la mauvaise récolte tient au manque d'eau the poor harvest is due to a lack of water; tes erreurs tiennent à ton inexpérience your mistakes are due to your lack of experience.C tenir de vtr ind1 ( ressembler à) tenir de to take after; tenir de sa mère/son père to take after one's mother/one's father; il a de qui tenir○ you can (just) see who he takes after ou where he gets it from; de qui peut-elle tenir pour être si méchante? where does she get her nastiness from?;D vi1 ( rester en place) [clou, attache, corde, étagère, barrage, soufflé] to hold; [timbre, colle, sparadrap] to stick; [assemblage, bandage] to stay in place; [coiffure] to stay tidy; [mise en plis] to stay in; tenir au mur avec de la colle/des épingles ( adhérer) to stick to the wall with glue/pins; tenir sur une jambe/un pied to stand on one leg/one foot; ces chaussures ne me tiennent pas aux pieds these shoes won't stay on my feet;2 ( résister) tenir (bon) ( surmonter les conditions) [personne, matériel] to hold out; ( refuser de capituler) gén to hang on, to hold out; Mil to hold out; ( ne pas relâcher sa prise) [personne] to hang on; tenir sans cigarettes jusqu'à la fin de la réunion to last ou go without cigarettes till the end of the meeting; tenir jusqu'à la fin de la réunion to hold out until the end of the meeting; tenir économiquement to hold ou last out in economic terms; j'espère que ma voiture va tenir (bon) I hope my car will last out; on a voulu me renvoyer mais j'ai tenu (bon) they wanted to fire me but I hung on; je ne peux plus (y) tenir I can't stand it any longer; il n'y a pas de télévision qui tienne○ there's no question of watching television;3 ( durer) le plan tient-il toujours? is the plan still on?; leur mariage tient encore their marriage is still holding together; le soleil n'a pas tenu longtemps the sun didn't last long; la neige tient/ne tient pas the snow is settling/is not settling; les fleurs n'ont pas tenu the flowers didn't last long; la couleur n'a pas tenu the colourGB has faded; tenir au lavage [couleur] not to run in the wash GB ou laundry US;4 ( rester valable) [théorie, argument] to hold good; ton alibi ne tient plus your alibi no longer stands up; ‘ça tient toujours pour demain?’ ‘is it still all right for tomorrow?’;5 ( être contenu) [personnes, véhicule, meubles, objets] to fit (dans into); mes vêtements tiendront dans une valise my clothes will fit into one suitcase; tenir à six dans une voiture to fit six into a car; faire tenir six personnes dans une voiture to fit six people into a car; mon article tient en trois pages my article takes up only three pages; tenir en hauteur/largeur/longueur to be short enough/narrow enough/short enough (dans for); tenir en hauteur dans une pièce to fit into a room (heightwise); ne pas tenir en hauteur/largeur/longeur to be too tall/wide/long (dans for); ne pas tenir en largeur dans un espace to be too wide for a space.E se tenir vpr1 ( soi-même) [personne] to hold [tête, ventre, bras]; se tenir la tête de douleur to hold one's head in pain; se tenir la tête à deux mains to hold one's head in one's hands;2 ( l'un l'autre) se tenir par le bras [personnes] to be arm in arm; ils se tenaient par la taille they had their arms around each other's waists; se tenir par la main [personnes] to hold hands;3 ( s'accrocher) to hold on; se tenir par les pieds to hold on with one's feet; se tenir à une branche/à la rampe to hold onto a branch/onto the banisters; se tenir d'une main à qch to hold onto sth with one hand; tiens-toi or tenez-vous bien○ fig prepare yourself for a shock;4 ( demeurer) se tenir accroupi/allongé/penché/courbé/à genoux to be squatting/stretched out/leaning/bent over/kneeling; se tenir au milieu/à la porte ( debout) to be standing in the middle/at the door; se tenir caché/sans bouger/au chaud to stay hidden/still/in the warm; se tenir prêt to be ready; se tenir tranquille ( immobile) to keep still; ( silencieux) to keep quiet; ( dans la légalité) to behave oneself; se tenir immobile ( debout) to stand still;5 ( se comporter) to behave; se tenir bien/mal to behave well/badly; savoir se tenir to know how to behave; tiens-toi bien! behave yourself!;6 ( avoir une posture) se tenir droit or bien/mal to have (a) good posture/(a) bad posture; tiens-toi droit! ( debout) stand up straight!; ( assis) sit straight!;7 ( avoir lieu) [manifestation, exposition] to be held; la réunion se tiendra au Caire the meeting will be held in Cairo;8 ( être liés) [événements] to fit together;9 ( être cohérent) [exposé, raisonnement, œuvre] to hold together; il n'y a rien à dire, tout se tient there's nothing to be said, it all holds together; ça se tient it makes sense;10 ( se considérer) se tenir pour to consider oneself to be; je me tiens pour satisfait des résultats I consider myself to be satisfied with the results; tenez-vous le pour dit○! I don't want to have to tell you again!;11 ( être fidèle) s'en tenir à to stand by; je m'en tiendrai à ma promesse/notre accord/leur décision I will stand by my promise/our agreement/their decision;12 ( se limiter) s'en tenir à to keep to; s'en tenir au minimum/au sujet to keep to a minimum/to the point; s'en tenir aux ordres to stick to orders; s'en tenir là to leave it there; ne pas savoir à quoi s'en tenir avec qn/qch not to know what to make of sb/sth.F v impers il ne tient qu'à toi de partir it's up to you to decide whether to leave; qu'à cela ne tienne! never mind!G tiens excl oh!; tiens (donc), vous voilà! oh, there you are!; tiens, je parie que c'est ta mère! oh! I bet it's your mother; tiens, vous croyez? do you think so?; tiens, tu es invité aussi? oh! so you've been invited as well?; tiens, tu n'étais pas au courant? didn't you know?; tiens donc! iron fancy that!; tiens tiens (tiens)! well, well!en tenir pour qn to have a crush on sb.[tənir] verbe transitifA.[AVOIR DANS LES MAINS]1. [retenir] to hold (on to)je tenais mal la bouteille et elle m'a échappé I wasn't holding the bottle tightly enough and it slipped2. [manier] to holdtu tiens mal ta raquette/ton arc you're not holding your racket/your bow properlyB.[CONSERVER]tiens-lui la porte, il est chargé hold the door open for him, he's got his hands full2. [garder - note] to hold‘tenez votre droite’a. [sur la route] ‘keep (to the) right’b. [sur un Escalator] ‘keep to the right’4. (Belgique) [collectionner] to collectC.[POSSÉDER]1. [avoir reçu]tenir quelque chose de quelqu'un [par hérédité] to get something from somebody[avoir à sa merci] to have gotah, ah, petit coquin, je te tiens! got you, you little devil!si je tenais celui qui a défoncé ma portière! just let me get ou lay my hands on whoever smashed in my car door!elle m'a tenu une heure avec ses histoires de divorce I had to listen to her going on about her divorce for a whole hourpendant que je vous tiens (au téléphone), pourrais-je vous demander un service? since I'm speaking to you (on the phone), may I ask you a favour?3. [détenir - indice, information, preuve] to have ; [ - contrat] to have, to have won ; [ - réponse, solution] to have (found) ou gottenir quelque chose de [l'apprendre] to have (got) something fromil a eu des troubles psychologiques — de qui tenez-vous cela? he's had psychological problems — who told you that?nous tenons de source sûre/soviétique que... we have it on good authority/we hear from Soviet sources that...tenir quelque chose de [le tirer de]: je tiens mon autorité de l'État I derive my power from the stateelle en tient une couche! (familier) she's as thick as two short planks (UK), what a dumb bell! (US)il en tient une bonne ce soir (familier) he's had a skinful (UK) ou he's three sheets to the wind tonightb. [il est ivre] he's really plastered!4. [transmettre]nous vous ferons tenir une copie des documents (soutenu) we will make sure you receive a copy of the documentsD.[CONTRÔLER, AVOIR LA RESPONSABILITÉ DE]1. [avoir prise sur, dominer] to holdquand la colère le tient, il peut être dangereux he can be dangerous when he's angryla jalousie le tenait jealousy had him in its grip, he was gripped by jealousy[avoir de l'autorité sur - classe, élève] to (keep under) controltenir la caisse to be at the cash desk, to be the cashierelle tient la rubrique artistique à "Madame" she has a regular Arts column in "Madame"le soir, il tenait le bar at night he used to serve behind the barle tribunal tiendra audience dans le nouveau bâtiment the court hearings will be held in the new buildingtenir des propos désobligeants/élogieux to make offensive/appreciative remarks5. [astreint à]je me sens tenu de la prévenir I feel morally obliged ou duty-bound to warn her7. ÉQUITATION [cheval] to keep in handE.[EXPRIME UNE MESURE]tenir une place importante to have ou to hold an important place2. [contenir] to holdF.[ÊTRE CONSTANT DANS]1. [résister à] (to be able) to takea. (familier) [assemblage, vêtements] to hold outb. [digue] to hold (out)c. [personne] (to be able) to take itle soir, je ne tiens pas le coup I can't take late nightstenir une promesse to keep ou to fulfil a promise[s'engager dans - pari]je tiens la gageure ou le pari! I'll take up the challenge!tenir quelqu'un/quelque chose pour to consider somebody/something to be, to look upon somebody/something as————————[tənir] verbe intransitif1. [rester en position - attache] to hold ; [ - chignon] to stay up, to hold ; [ - bouton, trombone] to stay on ; [ - empilement, tas] to stay upmets du gel, tes cheveux tiendront mieux use gel, your hair'll hold its shape betterle porridge vous tient au corps ou à l'estomac porridge keeps you goingfaire tenir quelque chose avec de la colle/des clous to glue/to nail something into positiona. [être fixé à] to be fixed on ou tob. [être contigu à] to be next to[personne]il ne tient pas encore bien sur sa bicyclette/ses skis/ses jambes he's not very steady on his bike/his skis/his legs yetcet enfant ne tient pas sur sa chaise this child can't sit still ou is always fidgeting in his chair2. [résister - union] to last, to hold out ; [ - chaise, vêtements] to hold ou to last out ; [ - digue] to hold out ; [ - personne] to hold ou to last outje ne tiens plus au soleil, je rentre I can't stand the sun any more, I'm going intes arguments ne tiendront pas longtemps face à la réalité your arguments won't hold for very long when faced with realitytenir bon ou fermea. [s'agripper] to hold firm ou tightb. [ne pas céder] to hold outtenez bon, les secours arrivent hold ou hang on, help's on its wayil me refusait une augmentation, mais j'ai tenu bon he wouldn't give me a rise but I held out ou stood my groundne pas y tenir, ne (pas) pouvoir y tenir: n'y tenant plus, je l'appelai au téléphone unable to stand it any longer, I phoned himça sent si bon le chocolat, je ne vais pas pouvoir y tenir there's such a gorgeous smell of chocolate, I just won't be able to resist it3. [durer, ne pas s'altérer - fleurs] to keep, to last ; [ - tissu] to last (well) ; [ - beau temps] to last, to hold out ; [ - bronzage] to last ; [ - neige] to settle, to stayil n'y a pas de "mais ma tante" qui tienne, tu vas te coucher! there's no "but Auntie" about it, off to bed with you!5. [pouvoir être logé] to fittenir en hauteur/largeur (dans) to fit vertically/widthwise (in)6. (locution)a. (familier) [aimer] to be hooked on somethingb. [ne considérer que] to stick to somethingtiens, tenez [en donnant quelque chose] heretiens, tenez [pour attirer l'attention, pour insister]: tiens, le tonnerre gronde listen, it's thunderingtiens, rends-toi utile here, make yourself usefultenez, je ne vous ferai même pas payer l'électricité look, I won't even charge you for the electricitys'il est intéressé par le salaire? tiens, bien sûr que oui! is he interested in the salary? you bet he is!tiens, tenez [exprime la surprise, l'incrédulité]: tiens, Bruno! que fais-tu ici? (hello) Bruno, what are you doing here?tiens, je n'aurais jamais cru ça de lui well, well, I'd never have expected it of himun tiens vaut mieux que deux tu l'auras (proverbe) a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush (proverbe)————————tenir à verbe plus préposition1. [être attaché à - personne] to care for, to be very fond of ; [ - objet] to be attached to ; [ - réputation] to care about ; [ - indépendance, liberté] to valuesi tu tiens à la vie... if you value your life...2. [vouloir]tenir à faire quelque chose to be eager to do ou to be keen on doing somethingje tiens à être présent à la signature du contrat I insist on being there when the contract is signedtu veux lui parler? — je n'y tiens pas vraiment would you like to talk to him? — not really ou not particularlytenir à ce que: je tiens à ce qu'ils aient une bonne éducation I'm most concerned that they should have a good educationvenez dîner, j'y tiens absolument! come and have dinner, I insist!le bonheur tient parfois à peu de chose sometimes it's the little things that give people the most happiness4. (tournure impersonnelle) [être du ressort de]s'il ne tenait qu'à moi if it was up to me ou my decision————————tenir de verbe plus préposition1. [ressembler à] to take afterce chien tient à la fois de l'épagneul et du setter this dog is a sort of cross between a spaniel and a setterelle est vraiment têtue/douée — elle a de qui tenir! she's so stubborn/gifted — it runs in the family!2. [relever de]————————se tenir verbe pronominal (emploi réciproque)se tenir par le cou/la taille to have one's arms round each other's shoulders/waists————————se tenir verbe pronominal (emploi passif)————————se tenir verbe pronominal transitifse tenir la tête à deux mains to hold ou to clutch one's head in one's hands————————se tenir verbe pronominal intransitif1. [se retenir] to hold on (tight)b. [fortement] to cling to, to clutch, to grip2. [se trouver - en position debout] to stand, to be standing ; [ - en position assise] to sit, to be sitting ou seateda. [debout] to stand up straightb. [assis] to sit up straightse tenir aux aguets to be on the lookout, to watch out3. [se conduire] to behave4. [être cohérent]a. [argumentation, intrigue] to hold together, to stand upb. [raisonnement] to hold water, to hold together5. (locution)d'abord ingénieur puis directrice d'usine, elle ne s'en est pas tenue là she started out as an engineer, then became a factory manager, but she didn't stop therene pas se tenir de [joie, impatience] to be beside oneself withtiens-toi bien, tenez-vous bien: ils ont détourné, tiens-toi bien, deux millions d'euros! they embezzled, wait for it, 2 million euros!elle a battu le record, tenez-vous bien, de plus de deux secondes! she broke the previous record and by over two seconds, would you believe!————————se tenir pour verbe pronominal plus préposition1. [se considérer comme]je ne me tiens pas encore pour battu I don't reckon I'm ou I don't consider myself defeated yetje ne me tiens pas pour un génie I don't regard myself as ou think of myself as ou consider myself a genius2. (locution)je ne supporterai pas tes insolences, tiens-le-toi pour dit! I'll say this only once, I won't put up with your rudeness! -
114 vitesse
vitesse [vitεs]1. feminine nouna. ( = promptitude) speed• à la vitesse de 60 km/h at (a speed of) 60km/h• à quelle vitesse allait-il ? how fast was he going?• à une vitesse vertigineuse [conduire, avancer] at a dizzying speed ; [augmenter, se multiplier] at a dizzying rateb. [de voiture] gear• société/justice à deux vitesses two-tier society/justice systemc. (locutions)• faites-moi ça, et en vitesse ! hurry up and do it!• écrire un petit mot en vitesse to scribble a hasty note► à toute vitesse, en quatrième vitesse at full speed• il est arrivé en quatrième vitesse or à toute vitesse he came very quickly2. compounds━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━The speed limit in France is generally 50 km/h in built-up areas (although it can on occasion be as low as 30 km/h); 70 km/h on secondary roads; 90 km/h on main roads; and 130 km/h on motorways (but 110 km/h when it is raining).* * *vitɛs1) ( rapidité) speedà deux vitesses — [courrier, système] two-tier (épith)
faire de la vitesse — [automobiliste] to drive fast
gagner or prendre quelqu'un de vitesse — lit, fig to outstrip somebody
en vitesse — ( vite) quickly; ( trop vite) in a rush
passer en vitesse — [personne] to pop in (colloq)
range ta chambre, et en vitesse! — tidy up your room, and be quick about it!
(il s'enfuit) de toute la vitesse de ses petites jambes — (he ran away) as fast as his little legs would carry him
2) Technologie (engrenage, rapport) gearpasser les vitesses — to change gear GB, to shift gear US
passer la vitesse supérieure/inférieure — to change up/down a gear
passer à la vitesse supérieure — fig to speed things up
•Phrasal Verbs:••à la vitesse grand V, en quatrième vitesse — at top speed
* * *vitɛs nf1) (= rapidité) speedprendre de la vitesse — to pick up speed, to gather speed
à toute vitesse — at full speed, at top speed
2) AUTOMOBILES (= dispositif) gear3) MATHÉMATIQUE, PHYSIQUE speedprendre qn de vitesse — to outstrip sb, to get ahead of sb
être en perte de vitesse [avion] — to lose speed, [parti, tendance] to be losing momentum, [artiste] to be losing popularity
* * *vitesse ⇒ La vitesse nf1 ( rapidité) speed; à grande/petite vitesse [se déplacer, circuler] at high/low speed; à une vitesse folle at an incredible speed; à la vitesse d'un cheval au galop/de 50 km/h at the speed of a galloping horse/at a speed of 50 km/h; à la vitesse moyenne de at an average speed of; prendre/perdre de la vitesse to gather/lose speed; vitesse de pointe maximum speed; vitesse du son/de la lumière speed of sound/of light; il travaille à une vitesse! he works so fast!; partir à toute vitesse to rush away; la voiture est passée à toute vitesse the car flashed past; à deux vitesses [courrier, système, régime] two-tier ( épith); faire de la vitesse [automobiliste] to drive fast; gagner or prendre qn de vitesse lit, fig to outstrip sb; en vitesse ( vite) quickly; ( trop vite) in a rush; passer en vitesse [personne] to pop in○; nous avons mangé en vitesse avant de partir we had a quick meal before leaving; je vous écris en vitesse depuis l'aéroport I'm writing you a quick note from the airport; range ta chambre, et en vitesse! tidy up your room, and be quick about it!; (il s'enfuit) de toute la vitesse de ses petites jambes (he ran away) as fast as his little legs would carry him;2 Tech (engrenage, rapport) gear; voiture à cinq vitesses car with five gears; boîte à cinq vitesses five-speed gearbox; il y a une cinquième vitesse sur sa voiture his car has a fifth gear; passer les vitesses to change gear GB, to shift gear US; passer la vitesse supérieure/inférieure to change up/down a gear; passer ses vitesses en douceur to go smoothly through the gears; faire grincer les vitesses to crunch the gears; bicyclette à trois/douze vitesses three-/twelve-speed bicycle; passer à la vitesse supérieure fig to speed things up.vitesse angulaire Mécan angular velocity; vitesse initiale Mécan initial velocity; (de balle, obus) muzzle velocity; vitesse de libération Astronaut, Phys escape velocity; vitesse de propagation Phys velocity of propagation; vitesse radiale Astron radial velocity; vitesse de réaction Chimie, Psych speed of reaction; vitesse de rotation Mécan rotational velocity; vitesse de sédimentation Biol, Méd sedimentation rate.à la vitesse grand V, en quatrième vitesse at top speed; expédier qch en petite vitesse Rail to send sth by goods train.[vitɛs] nom féminin1. [d'un coureur, d'un véhicule] speedà la vitesse de 180 km/h at (a speed of) 180 km/hla vitesse est limitée à 90 km/h the speed limit is 90 km/hfaire de la vitesse to drive ou to go fastprendre de la vitesse to pick up speed, to speed upgagner/perdre de la vitesse to gather/to lose speedvitesse de pointe top ou maximum speedgagner ou prendre quelqu'un de vitessea. [à pied] to walk faster than somebodyb. [en voiture] to go ou to drive faster than somebodyc. (figuré) to beat somebody to it, to pip somebody at the post (UK), to beat somebody by a nose (US)[de la lumière] speeda. [généralement] initial speedvitesse de réaction reaction velocity ou speedpremière/deuxième/troisième vitesse first/second/third gearb. [en rétrogradant] to go down through the gearsà toute vitesse locution adverbialepasser à toute vitesse [temps, moto] to fly by————————en vitesse locution adverbiale[rapidement] quickly[à la hâte] in a rush ou hurrydéjeuner/se laver en vitesse to have a quick lunch/washsors d'ici, et en vitesse! get out of here and be sharp about it!il a déguerpi en vitesse! he left at the double!, he didn't hang around! -
115 þrjótr
m.1) knave;2) defiance; bjóða e-m þrjót, to bid defiance to one.* * *m. [þrjóta], prop. as a law term, a defaulter; nú hafa þeir þrjót af jörðu færðan, hefir hinn jörð er á, N. G. L. i. 90; hverr ok sem hann görisk þrjótr, ok er skoraðr til leiðangrs ok sóttr til ok vill eigi göra ok hleypsk undan sókn …, Gþl. 92; en ef sýslu-maðr fyrir-nemsk at sækja þann þrjót er í sýslu hans er, N. G. L. iii. 133.2. a bad debtor; fara til heimilis þess er skuld á at gjalda, ok virða honum þar fullrétti eptir laga-dómi af fé þrjóts, Gþl. 479.II. metaph. a knave; sem þrjótr brjóti myksleða, Kormak; jörmun-þ., a great knave, Haustl.; þembi-þ., a sulky knave; urðar þ., the knave of the rocks, i. e. a giant, Þd., Orkn. (in a verse): and passim in mod. usage, a scoundrel, það skal á þrjót þorna sem á þræl vöknar, let a knave wash a knave, a saying.III. [Germ. trotz], of a thing, as a law phrase, defiance; in the phrase, bjóða e-m þrjót, to bid defiance to one; nú byðr maðr þrjót þeim er skuld á at honum. ok vill eigi vinna fyrir honum, færi hann á þing, ok bjóði frændum at leysa hann ór skuld þeirri, N. G. L. i. 31; en ef hann býðr þrjót ok vill eigi af fara, 245; valin-kunnir menn kasti í hlut þrjóts úmerktum, ok lýsi þar hvat hverr hlaut, 43. -
116 TLAMAHCEHUA
tlamahcêhua > tlamahcêuh.*\TLAMAHCEHUA v.i., faire pénitence, litt. 'mériter des choses'.Launey 290.S'emploie pour désigner les épreuves rituelles qu'on s'impose pour atteindre un état de pureté religieuse. Launey II 193.Allem., (der Gottheit) mit frommen Bussübungen dienen. W.Lehmann 1938,78 § 66." tlamahcêhuayah ", ils faisaient pénitence.Est dit des prétres otomis, Sah10, 177 = Launey II 238.de Moctezuma. Sah2, 180." niman ic compehualtihqueh in ye tlamahcêhuah mozâuhqueh nâhuilhuitl ômextin in Têucciztêcatl ", alors Tecuciztecatl et lui commencèrent tous les deux à faire pénitence, ils jeûnèrent quatre jours. Launey II 180 (Sah VII 2)"huâllamahcêhuah in oncân îtôcâyohcân Quinêhuayân in Tzotzompan, in quihuâltemayah in îmacxoyâuh ahnôzo acxoyâtl, nâuhpa ilôtqueh in oncân", ils vinrent faire pénitence à l'endroit appelé Quinehuayan Tzotzompan: c'est là qu'ils vinrent entasser leurs acxoyates autrement dit leurs branches de pin, ils y retournèrent quatre fois. Launey II 206."tlamahcêhuayah mozâhuayah nâhuilhuitl", ils faisaient pénitence, ils jeûnaient pendant quatre jours. Sah8,63."auh in yehhuâtl côâtl îcue oncân tlamahcehuaya, tlachpânaya, quimocuitlahuiaya in tlachpânalli", et celle ci, Coatl icue, faisait pénitence là et balayait, elle se consacrait au balayage - and this Coatl icue used to perform penances there: she used to sweep: she used to take care of the sweeping. Sah3,1." inic huel quittaz tlahmachtli, cencah tlamahcêhuaya, mozâhuaya, mihzôya in ihcuâc moquetzaya ce xôchitl tônalli ", pour qu'elle voie bien la broderie, elle faisait de grandes pénitences, elle jeûnait, elle se saignait quand arrivait le signe Un Fleur - in order to achieve skill in embroidering, she should do great penances, and fast, and draw blood when the day sign One Flower set in. Est dit de celle qui est née sous le signe ce xôchitl. Sah4,25."compehualtiah in tlamahcêhuayah, motzoyôtiah, aocmo mahmohuiah tel huel mâltiah in întlâc", ils commencent leurs pénitences, ils se laissent devenir sales, ils ne se lavent plus la tête au savon, mais ils peuvent se baigner le corps - (they) began the penances. They let themselves become dirty. No longer did they wash their heads with soap, though they could bathe their body. Sah4,69." intlacahmo tlamahcêhua, intlacahmo huel monôtza, intlacahmo huellahuapâhualli, huellazcaltîlli mochîhua, zan no quitlahuêliâya in îtônal ", si elle ne fait pas pénitence, si elle ne réfléchit pas bien, si elle ne devient pas bien élevée, bien éduquée, elle gâte le signe de sa naissance - if she did not do penances, if she took: not good heed, if her upbringing and training were not good, she herself harmed her day sign. Est dit de celle qui est née sous le signe ce xôchitl. Sah4,25." inic quinêxtiah quitêmachîtiah ca îpampa tlamahcêhuah in înconêuh, in întêlpôch in ôquîxcâuhqueh ", ainsi ils montrent, ils font savoir publiquement qu'ils font pénitence pour leurs enfants pour leurs jeunes garçons qui sont absents - thus they showed and made it known that they did penance for the sake of their children, their young men, who were still absent. Sah4,69."in ontlamahcêhuatoh, in onacxoyatlâlitoh tlamacazqueh in întlamahcêhuayân tepêticpac", when the priests went forth to do penances and lay down fir branches at their places of doing penanceon montain top. Sah5,157.Offrandes rituelles et pénitence qui durent quatre jours ou sont renouvelées quatre fois. Elles s'accompagnent de l'interdit de se savonner (la tête), mais le bain (rituel?) est autorisé, on offreson sang sur des branches de pin (acxoyatl) disposées rituellement et qui ne doivent pas être dispersées. -
117 ci
1. pron usnon ci ha parlato he didn't speak to usci siamo divertiti molto we had a great timeci vogliamo bene we love each otherci penso I'm thinking about it2. adv here(lì) thereci sei? are you there?c'è... there is...ci sono... there are...ci vuole tempo it takes time* * *ci1 pron.pers. 1a pers.pl.1 (con funzione di compl. ogg.) us: tutti ci guardano, everyone's looking at us; non ci hanno visto, they didn't see us; prendeteci con voi, take us with you; non è neppure venuto a salutarci, he didn't even come to say goodbye (to us); non ci disturbare, per favore, please don't disturb us2 (con funzione di compl. di termine) (to) us: ci ha dato un buon indirizzo, he gave us a good address; non hanno voluto parlarci, they wouldn't speak to us; raccontateci tutto, tell us all about it; spediteci la merce al più presto possibile, send us the goods as soon as possible◆ pron.rifl. 1a pers.pl. ourselves ( spesso sottinteso): sono certo che ci divertiremo molto, I'm sure we'll enjoy ourselves immensely; ci costruiremo una bella casetta in campagna, we'll build ourselves a nice little house in the country; ci siamo lasciati imbrogliare un'altra volta, we've let ourselves be fooled again; ci alzammo presto e ci preparammo a partire, we got up early and prepared to leave; dobbiamo lavarci le mani, we must wash our hands; ci eravamo più volte lamentati del servizio, we had complained about the service several times◆ pron.rec. one another; (spec. tra due) each other: ci guardammo senza parlare, we looked at each other without speaking; noi tutti ci vogliamo molto bene, we're all very fond of one another; non ci siamo ancora salutati, we haven't said hallo yet; ci siamo scambiati gli indirizzi, we exchanged addresses◆ pron.dimostr. this; that; it: non posso farci nulla, I can't do anything about it; ci penserò, I'll think about it; non badarci, never mind about it (o pay no attention to it); ci puoi scommettere!, you bet!ci1 avv.1 (là) there; ( qui) here: ci andremo subito, we'll go there at once; eccoci, finalmente!, here we are, at last!; ci risiamo!, (fig.) here we go again!; ''Sei mai stato a New York?'' ''No, non ci sono mai stato, ma spero di andarci prima o poi'', ''Have you ever been to New York?'' ''No, I haven't, but I hope to go there sooner or later''; ''Ci sarai domani?'' ''Certo, ci saremo tutti '', ''Will you be (t)here tomorrow?'' ''Of course, we'll all be (t)here''; è andato in Venezuela per lavoro e ci resterà tre settimane, he has gone to Venezuela on business, and he'll be there for three weeks; non ci stiamo tutti in una macchina, we can't all get into one car2 ( per questo o quel luogo) through: conosco la zona, ci passo tutti i giorni per andare in ufficio, I know the area, as I pass through it every day on my way to the office; è un importante nodo ferroviario, ci passano tutti i treni diretti al nord, it's an important railway junction, as all the northbound trains pass through it3 (con il v. essere) there: c'è, ci sono, there is, there are; c'erano più di 60.000 persone allo stadio, there were over 60,000 people at the stadium; ci sono ospiti stasera, we are having guests this evening; c'è modo e modo, there's a right way and a wrong way // non c'è verso di farglielo capire, there's no way of making him understand // non c'è che dire, there's no doubt about it.ci2 s.m. o f. letter c.* * *[tʃi] dav lo la, li, le, ne diventa ce1. pron pers1) (ogg diretto) us2) (complemento di termine) (to) us3)(con verbi riflessivi, pronominali, reciproci)
ci siamo divertiti — we enjoyed ourselves2. pron dimostr(di ciò, su ciò, in ciò ecc) about (o on o of) itci puoi giurare, ci puoi scommettere — you can bet on it
3. avvci sei? — (sei pronto) are you ready?, (hai capito) do you follow?
non ci si sta tutti, non ci stiamo tutti — we won't all fit in
2)c'era una volta... — once upon a time...
3)ci passa sopra un ponte — a bridge passes over itSee:* * *I 1. [tʃi]1) (complemento oggetto) us2) (complemento di termine) us4) (pleonastico: non si traduce)2.1) (a ciò, in ciò)ci rinuncio, non ci capisco niente — I give up, I can't make anything of it
3.a me non ci pensi? — well, what about me?
1) (di luogo)non ci sono mai venuto — I never came here, I've never been here before
l'armadio non ci passa — the wardrobe doesn't go through; (pleonastico)
2) esserci essere. III [tʃi]sostantivo maschile e sostantivo femminile invariabile c, C* * *ci1/t∫i/I pron.pers..3 (con verbi riflessivi e pronominali) ci siamo fatti male we've hurt ourselves; non ci vediamo da mesi we haven't seen each other for months; ci incontriamo alle due we're meeting at two4 (pleonastico: non si traduce) ci siamo fatti una bella risata we had a good laugh; ci togliemmo le scarpe we took off our shoes5 (in costruzioni impersonali) di lui non ci si può fidare he can't be relied (up)on; un'abitudine che ci si porta dietro dall'infanzia a habit that is carried over from childhood1 (a ciò, in ciò) non ci credo I don't believe it; ci rinuncio, non ci capisco niente I give up, I can't make anything of it; ci penserò I'll think about it; ci vuole molto tempo it takes a long time2 (pleonastico) a me non ci pensi? well, what about me? con te non ci parlo più! I won't speak to you! I refuse to speak to you any more!III avverbio1 (di luogo) non ci sono mai venuto I never came here, I've never been here before; ci passo tutti i giorni I go that way every day; l'armadio non ci passa the wardrobe doesn't go through; (pleonastico) in questa casa non ci abita nessuno nobody lives in this house\See also notes... (ci.pdf)————————ci2/t∫i/m. e f.inv.c, C. -
118 fare
1. v/t dovestito, dolce, errore makebiglietto, benzina buy, getfare il pieno fill upfare un bagno have a bathfare il conto al ristorante prepare the billfare il medico/l'insegnante be a doctor/teachernon fa niente it doesn't matterfare vedere qualcosa a qualcuno show something to someonefarcela managenon ce la faccio più I can't take any more2 più 2 fa 4 2 and 2 make(s) 4quanto fa? how much is it?far fare qualcosa a qualcuno get someone to do something2. v/i: questo non fa per me this isn't for mefaccia pure! go ahead!, carry on!qui fa bello/brutto the weather here is nice/awfulfa freddo/caldo it's cold/warm* * *fare v.tr.1 ( in senso generale, astratto, morale, intellettuale e nel senso di agire) to do*: che cosa fai?, what are you doing?; avere molto da fare, to have a great deal to do (o to be kept hard at work); non avere nulla da fare, to have nothing to do; non fare nulla, to do nothing; che debbo fare ( di lui)?, what shall I do (with him)?; che fare ora?, what is to be done now?; che si doveva fare?, what was to be done? // che diavolo stai facendo?, what are you up to? (o what on earth are you doing?) // dovrai farne a meno, you'll have to do without (it) // detto fatto, no sooner said than done // ecco fatto!, that's done! // non fa altro che dormire, he does nothing but sleep // nulla da fare, (fam.) nothing doing // fare senza, to do without; fare alla meglio, to do carelessly // fare bene, to do properly (o to do well) // fare del proprio meglio, tutto il possibile, to do one's utmost (o one's best) // fare bene, male a qlcu., to do s.o. good, harm: questa medicina ti farà bene, this medicine will do you good; il vino mi fa male, wine doesn't agree with me; fare il giro dei locali notturni, to do the night-clubs // chi fa da sé fa per tre, (prov.) if you want a thing done well do it yourself // non fare agli altri quello che non vorresti fosse fatto a te, (prov.) do as you would be done by2 ( prevalentemente nel senso di creare, produrre, fabbricare; realizzare) to make*: farei una camicetta con questa seta, I'd make a blouse out of this silk; fare un abito, una torta, to make a dress, a cake; fare il caffè, il tè, to make coffee, tea; il fornaio fa il pane, the baker makes bread; il vino si fa con l'uva, wine is made from grapes; è il parlamento che fa le leggi, laws are made by Parliament; ti farò una lista dei libri che mi occorrono, I'll make a list of the books I need; non far rumore, don't make a noise; fare i letti, to make the beds // fare amicizia, to make friends: farsi degli amici, dei nemici, to make friends, enemies; farsi un nemico di qlcu., to make an enemy of s.o. // fare un errore, to make a mistake // fare mistero di qlco., to make a mystery of sthg. // fare posto a qlcu., to make room for s.o. // fare il totale, to make up the total // 3 più 3 fa 6, 3 and 3 make 6 (o 3 and 3 are 6); 2 per 2 fa 4, twice 2 is 43 ( essere) ( come professione), to be: fare l'insegnante, il medico, la spia, to be a teacher, a doctor, a spy // fare parte del personale, to be a member of the staff4 ( avere, possedere) to have: il villaggio fa duecento abitanti, the village has two hundred inhabitants5 ( rifornirsi) to take* on: la nave fece acqua e carbone, the ship took on water and coal // (aut.) fare il pieno, to fill up6 ( dire) to say*: 'Quando partite?', fece egli, 'When are you leaving?', he said // non fare motto, to utter not a word7 ( eleggere, nominare) to make*, to elect, to appoint: lo fecero re, they made him king (o he was appointed king)9 ( scrivere) to write*; ( dipingere) to paint: ha fatto un bel ritratto a mia sorella, he painted a beautiful portrait of my sister10 ( indicare, segnare) to make*; to be: che ore fai?, what time do you make it?; che ora fa il tuo orologio?, what time is it by your watch?; questo orologio fa le cinque, it is five o' clock by this watch11 (teatr.) ( rappresentare) to perform: questa settimana all'Odeon fanno l''Amleto', 'Hamlet' is being performed at the Odeon (o 'Hamlet' is on at the Odeon) this week12 ( far la parte di) to act (as); (teatr.) to play (as); ( fingere) to feign: mi fa da governante, she acts as my housekeeper; quell'attore nell''Otello' farà la parte di Jago, that actor is going to play Iago in 'Othello'; fare l'ignorante, to feign ignorance; fare il morto, (fig.) to feign death13 ( praticare) to go* in for; ( giocare) to play: fare della bicicletta, dello sport, dell'automobilismo, della politica, to go in for cycling, sport, motoring, politics; fare del tennis, to play tennis; fare del nuoto, to swim // fare del teatro, del cinema, to be an actor, a cinema-actor // fare un po' di musica, to play some music14 ( pulire) to clean: fare una stanza, to clean a room (o fam. to do a room); fare i piatti, to wash up15 ( generare) to bear*; to have: quella cagna il mese scorso ha fatto tre cuccioli, that bitch had three puppies last month17 ( percorrere) to go*: fare dieci chilometri a piedi, a cavallo, to walk, to ride ten kilometres; fare sessanta chilometri all'ora, to drive at sixty kilometres an hour; fare quattro passi per un sentiero, to go for (o to take) a stroll along a path; abbiamo fatto 3000 km in due giorni, we covered (o did) 3000 km in two days18 ( passare, trascorrere) to spend*: dove hai fatto le vacanze?, where did you spend your holidays?; fece dieci anni di prigione, he did ten years in prison19 ( in sostituzione del verbo usato nella proposizione reggente) to do*: spese il suo denaro meglio di quel che avrei fatto io, he spent his money better than I would have done; lui se ne è andato e così ho fatto io, he went away and so did I20 ( con valore causativo seguito da infinito) to have, to get*; ( causare) to cause; to make*; ( lasciare, permettere) to let*: fa' venire l'idraulico, get the plumber to come; devo far aggiustare l'auto, I must have the car repaired; fallo smettere!, make him stop!; fatti (fare) un nuovo abito!, have a new suit made!; il tuo ritardo mi fece perdere il treno, your being late caused me to miss the train; far fare qlco., to have (o to get) sthg. done; fare partire una macchina, to start a machine; fare aspettare qlcu., to keep s.o. waiting; fare sapere a qlcu., to let s.o. know (o to inform s.o.); fare uscire, entrare, to let s.o. out, in; fare vedere qlco. a qlcu., to let s.o. see sthg. (o to show s.o. sthg.) // fare chiamare qlcu., to send for s.o. // fare notare a qlcu., to point out to s.o. // fare osservare qlco. a qlcu., to call s.o.'s attention to sthg. // far pagare, to charge: far pagare troppo, poco, to overcharge, to undercharge // far salire i prezzi, to raise prices.◆ v. intr.1 impers. ( di condizioni atmosferiche): che tempo fa?, what is the weather like?; fa brutto tempo, bel tempo, it is bad weather, fine weather; fa caldo, caldissimo, molto freddo, it is warm, hot, very cold3 ( seguito da consecutive): fare in modo di, to try to (do); fate che non vi veda, don't let him see you; fate in modo di non farvi vedere, take care not to be seen // fare sì che, fare in modo che, to arrange, to make sure, to get, to make*: fece sì che tutti fossero d'accordo con lui, he got everyone to agree with him; hanno fatto in modo che tutti fossero soddisfatti, they made sure everybody was happy; fecero sì che io lo incontrassi, they arranged (o made arrangements) for me to meet him4 ( stare per) to be about: fece per entrare quando..., he was about to enter, when...5 fare in tempo a, to manage to (do): ce la fece appena a prendere il treno, he just managed (o he was just in time) to catch his train.◘ farsi v.rifl. o intr.pron.1 ( diventare) to become*; ( gradualmente) to grow*: si è fatto un bel giovane, he has become a handsome young man; si sono fatti più gentili, they have become more amiable; ti sei fatto molto alto, you have grown (o become) very tall; fare cattolico, to turn Catholic (o to become a Roman Catholic) // fare bello, ( vantarsi) to boast2 ( moto) to come*; to get*: su, fatevi in là!, get out of my way, please!; fare avanti, to go forward, (fig.) to thrust oneself forward3 ( seguito da infinito) to make* oneself; to get*: fare amare, capire, odiare, to make oneself loved, understood, hated; fatti aiutare da qualcuno, get someone to help you; fare notare, to attract attention, ( di proposito) to make oneself conspicuous4 impers. ( di tempo e di condizioni atmosferiche) to get*; to grow*: si fa buio, it is getting dark; si fa tardi, it is growing late5 (sl.) ( drogarsi) to shoot* up; to take* drugs.fare s.m.1 doing, making // dal dire al fare c'è di mezzo il mare, there's many a slip 'twixt cup and lip2 ( modi, maniere) manner; way; ( comportamento) behaviour: il suo fare modesto, his modest manner; ha un brutto ( modo di) fare, he has an unpleasant manner; ha un fare molto simpatico, he has winning ways (o he has a pleasant manner); non mi piace il suo fare, I don't like his manners* * *1. ['fare]vb irreg vt1) (fabbricare: gen) to make, (casa) to build, (quadro) to paint, (disegno) to draw, (pasto) to cook, (pane, dolci) to bake, (assegno) to make outche cosa ne hai fatto di quei pantaloni? — what have you done with those trousers?
hai fatto il letto? — have you made the bed?
hai fatto la stanza? — have you cleaned the room?
2) (attività: gen) to do, (vacanza, sogno) to have3) (funzione) to be, Teatro to play, be, actfare il morto — (in acqua) to float
4) (percorrere) to dofare i 100 metri — (competere) to go in for o run in the 100 metres
fare una passeggiata — to go for o take a walk
5)6)7)due più due fa quattro — two plus two make(s) o equal(s) fourche differenza fa? — what difference does it make?
glielo faccio 100 euro — I'll give it to you o I'll let you have it for 100 euros
8)(+ infinito)
le faremo avere la merce — we'll get the goods to youl'hanno fatto entrare in macchina — (costringere) they forced him into the car, they made him get into the car, (lasciare) they let him get into the car
far scongelare — to defrost, thaw out
mi son fatto tagliare i capelli — I've had my hair cut
9)10)farla a qn — to get the better of sbme l'hanno fatta! — (imbrogliare) I've been done!, (derubare) I've been robbed!, (lasciare nei guai) I've been lumbered!
— to succeed, managenon ce la faccio più — (a camminare) I can't go on, (a sopportare) I can't take any more
ormai è stato deciso e non c'è niente da fare — it's been decided and there's nothing we can do about it
ha fatto di sì con la testa — he nodded
1) (agire) to dofare con — (situazioni, persone) to know how to deal withci sa fare coi bambini/con le macchine — he's good with children/cars
2)"davvero?" fece — "really?" he said3)questo non si fa — it's not done, you (just) can't do that
si
fa così! — you do it like this, this is the way it's donenon si fa così — (rimprovero) that's no way to behave!
questa festa non si farà! — this party won't take place!
4)fa proprio al caso nostro — it's just what we needfare da — (funzioni) to act as
fare da padre a qn — to be like a father to sb
la cucina fa anche da sala da pranzo — the kitchen also serves as o is also used as a dining room
fare per — (essere adatto) to be suitable for, (essere sul punto di) to be about to
il grigio fa vecchio — grey makes you o one look older
3. vb impers4. vr (farsi)1)farsi amico di qn — to make friends with sb2)farsi avanti — to move forward, fig to come forward3) (gergo: drogarsi) to do drugs5. vip (farsi)(divenire) to become6. smfar del giorno/della notte — at daybreak/nightfall* * *I 1. ['fare]verbo transitivo1) (in senso generico e astratto) to do*2) (preparare, fabbricare, creare) to make* [torta, tè, vino, vestito, mobile, pezzi di ricambio, film]3) (produrre, provocare) to make* [macchia, buco, rumore]6) (come professione, mestiere)fare il medico, l'insegnante — to be a doctor, a teacher; (come sport, hobby) to do* [aerobica, giardinaggio]
7) (a scuola) to do*, to study [materia, facoltà, testo, autore]; to do* [ corso]8) (trascorrere) to spend* [ vacanze]10) (percorrere) to do* [tragitto, chilometri]11) (avere) to have* [infarto, orecchioni, otite]12) (provocare, causare)fare del bene, del male a qcn. — to do sb. good, harm
Signore, fa' che non gli succeda niente — may God protect him!
13) (far diventare) to make*fare felice qcn. — to make sb. happy
fare qcn. presidente — to make sb. president
14) (considerare)15) (fingersi)fare il malato, il coraggioso — to pretend to be ill, brave
16) (interpretare) [ attore] to play [parte, ruolo]fare piangere qcn. — to make sb. cry
fare perdere qcs. a qcn. — to make sb. lose sth.; (permettere, lasciare)
fare andare qcn. — to let sb. go; (convincere)
che ora fai? — what time do you make it o have you got?
19) (costare)20) (partorire) [donna, animale] to have* [bambino, cuccioli]21) (dire)"certo" fece lei — "of course" she said
poi fa "e i miei soldi?" — colloq. so he goes "what about my money?"
2.il gatto fa "miao" — the cat goes "miaow"
1) (agire, procedere) to do*fare per andarsene — to be about to leave; (fare l'atto di)
4) fare da (fungere da) [ persona] to act as; (servire da) [ cosa] to function o act o serve as6) (riuscire)"come si fa?" - "così" — "how do I do it?" - "like this"
7) farcela3.verbo impersonale4.fa buio — it's getting o growing dark
verbo pronominale farsi1) (preparare, fabbricare, creare per sé) to make* oneself [caffè, vestito]2) (concedersi) to have* [birra, pizza, chiacchierata]-rsi degli amici, dei nemici — to make friends, enemies; colloq. (comprarsi) to get* oneself [macchina, moto]
5) gerg. (drogarsi) to get* stoned (di on), to do* drugs6) (diventare)-rsi suora, cristiano — to become a nun, a Christian
il cielo si fece grigio — the sky went o turned grey
-rsi avanti, indietro — to come forward, to stand back
- rsi in là — to budge over o up
8) (formarsi) to form [idea, immagine]- rsi tagliare i capelli — to have o get one's hair cut
10) (sottoporsi a) to have* [lifting, permanente]11) (procurarsi)12) (reciprocamente)-rsi carezze, dispetti — to caress each other, to play tricks on each other
13) farsela (intendersela) to jack around AE ( con with); (in una relazione amorosa) to run* around ( con with)••avere a che fare — to have to do ( con with)
avere da fare — to be busy, to have things to do
(non) fa niente! — it doesn't matter, never mind!
a me non la si fa! — = I wasn't born yesterday!
farsela addosso — (urinare) to wet oneself; (defecare) to shit oneself pop.; (dalla paura) to be scared shitless pop., to shit bricks pop., to brick it
farsela sotto — (dalla paura) to be scared shitless, to shit bricks, to brick it
II ['fare]che cosa vuoi che ci faccia? che cosa ci posso fare io? what do you want me to do about it? non ci si può fare nulla it can't be helped; non ci posso fare niente se... I can't help it if...; non so che farmene di... — I have no need for
sostantivo maschile1) (comportamento) manner, behaviour BE, behavior AE2) (inizio)sul fare del giorno, della notte — at daybreak, nightfall
* * *fare1/'fare/ [8]1 (in senso generico e astratto) to do*; non avere niente da fare to have nothing to do; che cosa posso fare per te? what can I do for you? che cosa dobbiamo fare con te! what are we to do with you!2 (preparare, fabbricare, creare) to make* [torta, tè, vino, vestito, mobile, pezzi di ricambio, film]; fare del pollo to cook some chicken; che cosa faccio per pranzo? what shall I cook for lunch?3 (produrre, provocare) to make* [macchia, buco, rumore]4 (dare come risultato) tre più due fa cinque three and two make five; quanto fa 3 per 3? what's 3 times 3? 9 meno 7 fa 2 9 minus 7 leaves 26 (come professione, mestiere) che lavoro fai? what's your job? cosa fai (di mestiere)? what do you do (for a living)? fare il medico, l'insegnante to be a doctor, a teacher; (come sport, hobby) to do* [aerobica, giardinaggio]7 (a scuola) to do*, to study [materia, facoltà, testo, autore]; to do* [ corso]; fare (la) prima to be in the first year8 (trascorrere) to spend* [ vacanze]; fare tre mesi di prigione to do three months in prison; hai fatto buon viaggio? did you have a pleasant journey?10 (percorrere) to do* [tragitto, chilometri]; fare l'autostrada to take the motorway11 (avere) to have* [infarto, orecchioni, otite]12 (provocare, causare) fare del bene, del male a qcn. to do sb. good, harm; la pastiglia non mi ha fatto niente the tablet didn't do anything; non ti farò niente I won't do anything to you; Signore, fa' che non gli succeda niente may God protect him!13 (far diventare) to make*; fare felice qcn. to make sb. happy; fare qcn. presidente to make sb. president14 (considerare) ti facevo più intelligente I thought you were cleverer15 (fingersi) fare il malato, il coraggioso to pretend to be ill, brave16 (interpretare) [ attore] to play [parte, ruolo]17 (seguito da infinito) (con valore causativo) fare piangere qcn. to make sb. cry; fare perdere qcs. a qcn. to make sb. lose sth.; (permettere, lasciare) fare andare qcn. to let sb. go; (convincere) gli ho fatto prendere un appuntamento I got him to make an appointment18 (riferito all'ora) che ora fai? what time do you make it o have you got? faccio le due I make it two o'clock; che ora fa l'orologio? what time does the clock say?20 (partorire) [donna, animale] to have* [bambino, cuccioli]21 (dire) "certo" fece lei "of course" she said; poi fa "e i miei soldi?" colloq. so he goes "what about my money?"; il gatto fa "miao" the cat goes "miaow"(aus. avere)1 (agire, procedere) to do*; non ho potuto fare altrimenti I couldn't do otherwise; fai come vuoi do as you like; facciamo alle sei let's make it six o'clock2 (essere adatto) questo è il posto che fa per me this is the place for me; vivere a Londra non fa per me living in London is not for me3 fare per (essere in procinto di) fare per andarsene to be about to leave; (fare l'atto di) fece per baciarlo she made as if to kiss him5 (essere espresso in una certa forma) come fa la canzone? how does the song go?6 (riuscire) come fai a leggere quella robaccia? how can you read that junk? "come si fa?" - "così" "how do I do it?" - "like this"; come faccio a saperlo? how should I know?7 farcela ce l'ho fatta! I made it! ce la fai a finirlo? can you manage to finish it? non ce la faccio più! I've had it! I can't take any more!1 (riferito a tempo atmosferico o condizioni di luce) fa freddo it's cold; fa buio it's getting o growing dark2 (riferito a durata) oggi fanno sei anni che è partito it's six years today since he leftIV farsi verbo pronominale1 (preparare, fabbricare, creare per sé) to make* oneself [caffè, vestito]; - rsi da mangiare to do one's own cooking2 (concedersi) to have* [birra, pizza, chiacchierata]3 (procurar si) -rsi degli amici, dei nemici to make friends, enemies; colloq. (comprarsi) to get* oneself [macchina, moto]5 gerg. (drogarsi) to get* stoned (di on), to do* drugs6 (diventare) -rsi suora, cristiano to become a nun, a Christian; si è fatta bella she's grown up a beauty; il cielo si fece grigio the sky went o turned grey; si fa tardi it's getting late7 (per indicare movimento) -rsi avanti, indietro to come forward, to stand back; - rsi in là to budge over o up8 (formarsi) to form [idea, immagine]9 (seguito da infinito) - rsi sentire to make oneself heard; - rsi tagliare i capelli to have o get one's hair cut; - rsi operare to have surgery10 (sottoporsi a) to have* [lifting, permanente]11 (procurarsi) - rsi un bernoccolo to get a bump; - rsi un livido su un braccio to bruise one's arm12 (reciprocamente) -rsi carezze, dispetti to caress each other, to play tricks on each other13 farsela (intendersela) to jack around AE ( con with); (in una relazione amorosa) to run* around ( con with)avere a che fare to have to do ( con with); non avere niente a che fare to have nothing to do ( con with); avere da fare to be busy, to have things to do; (non) fa niente! it doesn't matter, never mind! a me non la si fa! = I wasn't born yesterday! farsela addosso (urinare) to wet oneself; (defecare) to shit oneself pop.; (dalla paura) to be scared shitless pop., to shit bricks pop., to brick it; farsela sotto (dalla paura) to be scared shitless, to shit bricks, to brick it; che cosa vuoi che ci faccia? che cosa ci posso fare io? what do you want me to do about it? non ci si può fare nulla it can't be helped; non ci posso fare niente se... I can't help it if...; non so che farmene di... I have no need for...\See also notes... (fare.pdf)————————fare2/'fare/sostantivo m.2 (inizio) sul fare del giorno, della notte at daybreak, nightfall. -
119 terra
f earth(regione, proprietà, terreno agricolo) land( superficie del suolo) ground( pavimento) floora terra on the groundtechnology mettere a terra earth* * *terra s.f.1 ( il nostro pianeta, l'opposto di cielo) earth: la Terra ruota sul suo asse e gira intorno al Sole, the Earth rotates on its axis and revolves round the Sun; il cielo e la terra, Heaven and Earth; le gioie della terra, earthly joys; il miglior uomo sulla terra, the best man on earth // muovere cielo e terra, to move heaven and earth // queste cose non stanno né in cielo né in terra, these things are totally ridiculous (o quite unheard of)2 ( l'opposto di acqua) land: avvistare la terra, to sight land; la nave si avvicinava alla terra, the ship was approaching land; sulla terra e sul mare, on land and on sea; battaglia di terra, land battle; trasporto via terra, land carriage; il villaggio è raggiungibile via mare, ma non ancora via terra, the village can be reached by sea, but not by land yet; non andai per terra, ma per mare, I didn't go by land, but (I went) by sea; (mar.) scendere a terra, to go ashore; viaggiare per mare e per terra, to travel by (o over) land and sea // (mar.) terra in vista!, land ho! // l'ho cercata per mare e per terra, ma non l'ho trovata, I looked for her everywhere, but I didn't find her3 ( proprietà terriera) land; ( possedimento) estate, property, holding: una striscia, un pezzo di terra, a strip, a piece of land; possiede molte terre in Toscana, he owns a great deal of land in Tuscany; le sue terre si estendevano sino al mare, his estate stretched as far as the coast; queste sono le terre del re di Francia, these are the lands of the king of France // terra di proprietà, freehold land; terra in assegnazione, settled land; terra in locazione, leasehold land // terra di nessuno, no-man's-land4 ( materiale terroso, terriccio) earth; ( suolo coltivabile) soil: raccolse una manciata di terra, he picked up a handful of earth; riempire un secchio di terra, to fill a bucket with earth; devo cambiare la terra al vaso di rose, I must change the earth in the rose pot; una terra fertile, a fertile soil; una terra ricca di sali minerali, a soil rich in minerals; terra grassa, loam; una zolla di terra, a clod of earth // un vaso di terra, ( terracotta) earthenware vase // terra d'ombra, umber; terra da pipe, pipeclay; terra da porcellana, kaolin; terra di Siena, sienna; terra di Siena bruciata, burnt sienna // (tecn.) terra da fonderia, foundary sand // (chim.): terre rare, rare earths; terre alcaline, alkaline earths5 ( superficie terrestre; suolo) ground; ( pavimento) floor: un buco nella terra, a hole in the ground; cadere per terra, to fall to the ground (o floor); sdraiarsi, dormire per terra, to lie, to sleep on the ground (o floor); si sedette per terra, he sat on the ground (o floor); appoggiare qlco. per terra, to place sthg. on the ground; l'aereo si sollevò da terra, toccò terra, the plane lifted off, touched down (the ground); buttare qlcu., qlco. a terra, to throw s.o., sthg. to (o on) the ground; buttare a terra qlcu., ( demoralizzarlo) to dishearten s.o. // i prodotti della terra, agricultural produce; lavoratori della terra, farm labourers // raso terra, to the ground: volare raso terra, to fly close to the ground; tagliare un albero raso terra, to cut a three to the ground7 ( paese, regione) land, country: l'Olanda è la terra dei mulini a vento, Holland is the land of windmills; in terre lontane, in distant lands; la terra nativa, one's native country; in terra straniera, in foreign parts; è una terra ancora da esplorare, it's an unexplored country // la Terra Promessa, the Promised Land8 (elettr.) ( filo di) terra, ground wire; presa di terra, ground tap; mettere a terra, to put to earth.◆ FRASEOLOGIA: essere a terra, ( di pneumatico) to have a flat tyre, ( finanziariamente) to be broke (o to be on one's uppers), ( moralmente) to feel low, ( depresso) to be at rock bottom // restare a terra, ( da un mezzo) to miss (sthg.): l'autobus era affollato e sono rimasto a terra, the bus was crowded so I was left behind // tornare sulla terra, ( smettere di fantasticare) to come back to earth // tenere, rimanere con i piedi per terra, ( non fantasticare) to keep one's feet firmly on the ground; è un tipo con i piedi per terra, ( realista) he has his feet firmly on the ground // camminare a un metro da terra, ( essere molto felice) to walk on air; ( essere molto distratto) to have one's head in the clouds // terra terra, ( scadente) lacklustre; ( semplice) straightforward (o down-to-earth): fare un discorso terra terra, to make a down-to-earth speech // senza di te mi manca la terra sotto i piedi, I feel lost without you // far terra bruciata, (fig.) to make life impossible for oneself.* * *['tɛrra]1. sf1)3) (distesa, campagna) land no plun pezzo di terra — (gen) a piece of land, (fabbricabile, per orto) a plot of land
le sue terre — (possedimento) his estate
4) (terraferma) land no plvia terra — (viaggiare) by land, overland
5) (paese, regione) land, country6) Elettr earth Brit, ground Ammettere a terra — to earth o ground
7)avere una gomma a terra — to have a flat tyreessere a terra — (fig : depresso) to be at rock bottom
terra terra — (fig : persona, argomento) prosaic, pedestrian
cercare qn/qc per mare e per terra — to look high and low for sb/sth
2.* * *['tɛrra] 1.sostantivo femminile1) astr.2) (suolo) groundmettere a terra — (buttare giù) to knock down [ persona]; fig. (privare delle forze) to strike down
toccare terra — [ aereo] to touch ground, to land; [ nave] to reach o make land, to land
scendere a terra — [ passeggeri] to land
3) (materia) earth; agr. soilterra rossa, argillosa — red, clayey earth o soil
4) (campagna) land5) (terreno) landacquistare, vendere una terra — to buy, sell a plot of land
6) (regione, paese) landuna terra sconosciuta — an undiscovered o unknown land
in terra straniera — on foreign land o soil
7) (terraferma) (dry) land"terra (in vista)!" — "land ahoy!" "land ho!"
8) (mondo) earth, worldabbandonare o lasciare questa terra eufem. to depart this world; scendi o torna sulla terra! — fig. come down to earth!
9) el. earth BE, ground AEcollegare o mettere a terra to earth BE, to ground AE; messa a terra — earthing BE, grounding AE
10) terra terra (concreto) [ persona] down-to-earth, practical, matter-of-fact; [ questione] practical; [atteggiamento, maniere] no-nonsense, practical; [ considerazioni] low, materialistic; (mediocre) [conversazione, persona] ordinary, pedestrian11) a terraavere il morale a terra — to feel very low(-spirited), to be at an all-time low, to be down in the dumps
essere, sentirsi a terra — (fisicamente) to be, feel low o run-down; (moralmente) to be, feel down o low(-spirited) o flat
essere a terra — (finanziariamente) to be broke o penniless
12) in terra, per terra (stato) (sul terreno) on the ground; (sul pavimento) on the floor; (moto) (sul terreno) to the ground; (sul pavimento) to the floor2.aggettivo invariabile (al livello del suolo)piano terra — ground floor BE, bottom floor BE, first floor AE
terra battuta — (nel tennis) clay
campo in terra battuta clay o hard court; terra di nessuno mil. no man's land; terra promessa Promised Land (anche fig.); terra di Siena art. sienna; -e emerse lands above sea level; -e sommerse lands below sea level; Terra Santa — Holy Land
••tenere i piedi per terra, stare coi piedi per terra — to keep both o one's feet on the ground
* * *terra/'tεrra/I sostantivo f.2 (suolo) ground; essere gettato a terra to be thrown to the ground; faccia a terra face down; mettere a terra (buttare giù) to knock down [ persona]; fig. (privare delle forze) to strike down; esercizi a terra floor exercises; toccare terra [ aereo] to touch ground, to land; [ nave] to reach o make land, to land; scendere a terra [ passeggeri] to land; via terra by land; di terra [ esercito] ground(-based), land; [hostess, personale] ground4 (campagna) land; terra coltivata cropland; il ritorno alla terra the movement back to the land; lavorare la terra to work the land5 (terreno) land; acquistare, vendere una terra to buy, sell a plot of land; fuori dalla mia terra! get off my land!6 (regione, paese) land; - e lontane distant lands; una terra sconosciuta an undiscovered o unknown land; in terra straniera on foreign land o soil7 (terraferma) (dry) land; avvistare terra to sight land; "terra (in vista)!" "land ahoy!" "land ho!"8 (mondo) earth, world; abbandonare o lasciare questa terra eufem. to depart this world; scendi o torna sulla terra! fig. come down to earth!9 el. earth BE, ground AE; collegare o mettere a terra to earth BE, to ground AE; messa a terra earthing BE, grounding AE10 terra terra (concreto) [ persona] down-to-earth, practical, matter-of-fact; [ questione] practical; [atteggiamento, maniere] no-nonsense, practical; [ considerazioni] low, materialistic; (mediocre) [conversazione, persona] ordinary, pedestrian11 a terra avere il morale a terra to feel very low(-spirited), to be at an all-time low, to be down in the dumps; essere, sentirsi a terra (fisicamente) to be, feel low o run-down; (moralmente) to be, feel down o low(-spirited) o flat; essere a terra (finanziariamente) to be broke o penniless; avere una gomma a terra to have a flat tyre12 in terra, per terra (stato) (sul terreno) on the ground; (sul pavimento) on the floor; (moto) (sul terreno) to the ground; (sul pavimento) to the flooravere i piedi per terra to be very down-to-earth; tenere i piedi per terra, stare coi piedi per terra to keep both o one's feet on the ground; sentirsi mancare la terra sotto i piedi to feel one's legs give way; fare terra bruciata to operate a scorched earth policy; sotto terra → sottoterra\terra battuta (nel tennis) clay; campo in terra battuta clay o hard court; terra di nessuno mil. no man's land; terra promessa Promised Land (anche fig.); terra di Siena art. sienna; - e emerse lands above sea level; - e sommerse lands below sea level; Terra Santa Holy Land. -
120 volere
1. v/t and v/i wantvorrei... I would or I'd like...vorrei partire I'd like to leavevolere dire meanvolere bene a qualcuno ( amare) love someoneci vogliono dieci mesi it takes ten monthssenza volere without meaning to2. m will* * *volere v.tr.1 ( per esprimere volontà o desiderio) to want; to wish; ( nel significato di piacere, gradire) to like (costr. pers.); (al cond. pres.) would like, (al cond. pass.) would have liked: voglio andare a casa, I want to go home; vogliamo parlare col direttore, we want (o wish) to speak to the manager; non vuole vederti, he doesn't want to see you; che cosa vuoi?, what do you want?; quando vuole partire?, when does he want (o wish) to leave?; vuoi andare al cinema stasera?, do you want to go to the cinema tonight?; chi vuole, può uscire, anyone who wishes to leave may do so; voleva restare solo, he wanted to be left alone; non volevano spendere troppo, they didn't want to spend too much; ha voluto sapere tutto, he wanted to know everything; se volesse, volendo, potrebbe fare da solo, if he wanted to, he could do it by himself; fa' come vuoi, do as you like; puoi andare quando vuoi, you can go when you like; potete fare tutto quello che volete, you can do anything you like; vorrei del vino, I'd like some wine; vorremmo una casa più grande, we'd like a bigger house; vorrei vedere delle scarpe da tennis, I'd like to see some tennis shoes; vorrebbe iscriversi all'università, he would like to go to university; avrei voluto dirtelo, ma mi è mancato il coraggio, I would have liked to tell you, but I didn't dare; avrei voluto venire prima, I'd have liked to come sooner; vuole che io studi di più, he wants me to study harder; vuoi che venga con te?, do you want me to come with you?; volete che vi accompagni a casa?, do you want me to take you home?; non volevo che facessi tutto questo per me, I didn't want you to do all this for me; i genitori volevano che diventasse avvocato, his parents wanted him to become a lawyer; vorrebbe che restassimo con lei, she would like us to stay with her; avrei tanto voluto che fossi arrivato prima, I wish you had arrived sooner // anche volendo, neanche a volerlo, even if you tried (o wanted to): anche volendo, è impossibile sbagliare, you couldn't go wrong, even if you tried (o wanted to) // non volendo, senza volere, ( senza intenzione) without wishing (o wanting) to: l'ho offeso senza volerlo, I offended him without wishing (o wanting) to // volere qlcu. per, come..., to want s.o. for (o as)...: nessuno lo vorrebbe per, come socio, nobody would like him for (o as) a partner // che tu, egli ecc. lo voglia o no, whether you like it or not, whether he likes it or not etc.2 (per esprimere desiderio intenso, gener. irrealizzabile) to wish (con cong. se riferito al pres. o pass.; con cond. se riferito al futuro e talvolta al pres.): vorrei non averlo mai conosciuto, I wish I had never met him; vorrei averti ascoltato, I wish I had listened to you; vorrei che venisse ogni giorno, I wish he came every day; come vorrei che tu fossi con noi!, (how) I wish you were here!; vorrei, avrei voluto esserci anch'io!, I wish I were there too! (o I wish I'd been there too!); avrebbe voluto che il tempo si fermasse, he wished time could have stopped still; vorrebbe essere più giovane, he wishes he were younger; vorrei poterti credere!, I wish I could believe you!; avremmo voluto poterti stare vicino, we wish we could have been with you3 (per esprimere determinazione, volontà intensa) (pres. indic. e cong.) will; (pass. indic. e cong.; cond.) would; (se seguito da compl. ogg. o da che + v. al cong.) will have, would have (seguiti dal v. all'inf. senza to): voglio riuscire!, I will succeed! (o I'm determined to succeed); non voglio più tornarci!, I will never go there again!; gli hanno proibito di fumare, ma lui non vuole smettere, he's been told not to smoke, but he won't give up; avrebbe potuto farlo, ma non ha voluto, he could have done it, but he wouldn't (o but he refused to); non vollero aiutarci, they wouldn't (o they refused to) help us; non voglio scuse, I won't have any excuses; non voglio assolutamente che lui parli così, I won't have him speaking like that; voglio ( che) sappiate che..., I'll have you know that... // voleva vincere a tutti i costi, he was determined to win // il cavallo s'impennò e non volle più andare avanti, the horse reared and refused to go on // l'auto non vuole partire oggi, (fam.) the car won't start today; questo cassetto non vuole chiudersi, (fam.) this drawer won't close4 ( in formule di cortesia) ( nelle richieste) will, can; would, would mind; ( nelle offerte) will have, would like: vorresti aprire la finestra?, would you open (o do you mind opening o would you mind opening) the window?; vuoi passarmi quelle carte, per favore?, will (o can) you pass me those papers, please? (o would you pass me those papers?); vuoi qualcosa da mangiare?, will you have (o would you like) something to eat?; non vorresti entrare?, won't you come in?; non volete accomodarvi?, won't you sit down?; vuol essere così gentile da..., will you be so kind as to... // (comm.) vogliate informarci al più presto possibile, please let us know as soon as possible5 ( essere disposto a) to be* willing (to); ( essere intenzionato a) to be* going (to): gli hanno offerto il posto di direttore, ma non vuole accettare, he has been offered the directorship, but he isn't willing to (o he isn't going to) accept; non vogliono pagare una cifra così alta, they are not willing (o they are unwilling) to pay such a high price; non voglio assumermi tutta la responsabilità, I'm not going to take all the responsibility6 (con riferimento a una volontà superiore, nel significato di disporre, stabilire) to will: come Dio vuole, as God wills; il cielo, il destino ha voluto così, heaven, fate has willed it so // se Dio vuole, domani siamo a casa, God willing, we'll be home tomorrow // come Dio volle, arrivarono a casa, somehow they managed to get home // Dio lo voglia!, God grant it!; Dio non voglia!, God forbid!; Dio volesse che non l'avessi mai incontrato!, would to God I'd never met him! // non cade foglia che Dio non voglia, (prov.) God watches over all things7 ( dire, imporre, sostenere) to state, to say*: la legge vuole che..., the law states (o says) that... // la leggenda vuole che Roma fosse fondata da Romolo, legend has it that Rome was founded by Romulus // si vuole che egli fosse un grande condottiero, they say he was a great leader8 ( permettere) to let*, to allow: i suoi genitori non volevano che uscisse sola la sera, her parents wouldn't let her go out (o wouldn't allow her to go out) alone in the evening; se la mamma vuole, verrò con voi, I'll come with you if Mum lets me; non ha voluto che pagassi io il conto, he wouldn't let me pay (o he wouldn't allow me to pay) the bill9 ( esigere, pretendere) to expect, to want, to demand, to exact; ( far pagare) to want, to charge, to ask (for): vuole troppo dai suoi dipendenti, he expects (o wants o demands o exacts) too much from his employees; ma che cosa vogliono ancora da me?, what else do they expect from (o of) me?; vuole 1.600 euro per questa auto usata, he wants 1,600 euros for this second-hand car; quanto volete per vitto e alloggio?, how much do you charge for board and lodging?; quanto vogliono per quell'appartamento?, how much are they asking for that flat?; quanto ha voluto per riparare il televisore?, how much did he charge for repairing the TV set?10 ( aver bisogno di, richiedere) to need, to want, to require, to take*: sono piante che vogliono molte cure, they are plants that need (o want o require) a lot of care; è un verbo che vuole il congiuntivo, it's a verb that requires (o takes) the subjunctive // ti vogliono al telefono, you're wanted on the phone // ogni frutto vuole la sua stagione, (prov.) there's a time and place for everything11 (con v. impers., nel significato di essere prossimo, imminente, probabile) to be going (to); to look (like): vuol piovere, sembra che voglia piovere, it looks like rain (o it's going to rain); non pare che voglia rasserenarsi, it doesn't look as if it's going to clear up12 voler dire, to mean*: che cosa vuoi dire ( con questo)?, what do you mean (by this)?; che cosa vuol dire questa parola?, what does this word mean?; che cosa volevi dire con quell'occhiata?, what did you mean by that look?; ciò vuol dire che abbiamo sbagliato tutto, that means we got it all wrong; questo non vuol dir niente, this doesn'◆ FRASEOLOGIA: volere o no, volere o volare (fam.), willy-nilly // non vorrei sbagliarmi, ma..., I may be wrong, but... // vorrei vedere che egli fosse d'accordo, I bet he won't agree // non volevo convincermi che..., I couldn't believe that... // qui ti voglio!, that's the rub! // voler bene, to love, to be fond of; voler male, to hate, ( serbare rancore) to bear ill will (o to bear a grudge o to hold it against s.o.); non volermene, don't bear me a grudge (o don't hold it against me) // che vuoi, che volete, cosa vuole?, what do you expect? (o what can I do?); che volete, sono ragazzi!, what do you expect, they're (only) teenagers! // te la sei voluta, you asked for it // volere è potere, where there's a will, there's a way.volere s.m. ( volontà) will: lo feci contro il volere di mio padre, I did it against my father's will; sia fatto il volere di Dio, God's will be done; tutto dipende dal volere di Dio, everything depends on the will of God // a mio, tuo volere, as I, you like; di mio, tuo ecc. volere, ( spontaneamente) of my own, your own etc. accord // di buon volere, readily // concordia di voleri, concurrence of wishes // i divini voleri, the Divine Will.* * *1. [vo'lere]vb irreg vt (nei tempi composti prende l'ausiliare del verbo che accompagna)1) (gen) to want2)vorrei del pane — I would like some breadvorrei farlo/che tu lo facessi — I would like to do it/you to do it
mi vorrebbero vedere sposato — they would like to see me married, they would like me to marry
se volete, possiamo partire subito — if you like o want, we can leave right away
devo pagare subito o posso pagare domani? - come vuole — do I have to pay now or can I pay tomorrow? - as you prefer
3)vuole o vorrebbe essere così gentile da...? — would you be so kind as to...?prendine quanto vuoi — help yourself, take as many (o much) as you like
vuoi che io faccia qualcosa? — would you like me to do something?, shall I do something?
ma vuoi star zitto! — oh, do be quiet!
4)se la padrona di casa vuole, ti posso ospitare — if my landlady agrees I can put you upho chiesto di parlargli, ma non ha voluto ricevermi — I asked to have a word with him but he wouldn't see me
parla bene l'inglese quando vuole — he can speak English well when he has a mind to o when he feels like it
5) (aspettarsi) to want, expect, (richiedere) to want, require, demandla tradizione vuole che... — custom requires that...
6)volerne a qn — to have sth against sb, have a grudge against sb, bear sb a grudge
7)voler dire (che)... — (significare) to mean (that)...
se non puoi oggi vorrà dire che ci vediamo domani — if you can't make it today, I'll see you tomorrow
voglio dire... — (per correggersi) I mean...
8) (ritenere) to thinkla leggenda vuole che... — legend has it that...
si vuole che anche lui sia coinvolto nella faccenda — he is also thought to be involved in the matter
9)ci vuol ben altro per farmi arrabbiare — it'll take a lot more than that to make me angry
ci vuole per andare da Roma a Firenze? — to how long does it take to go from Rome to Florence?è quel che ci vuole — it's just what is needed
per una giacca ci vogliono quattro metri di stoffa — you need four metres of material to make a jacket
10)volesse il cielo che... — God grant that...
ti voglio — that's the problemnon vorrei sbagliarmi, ma... — I may be wrong, but...
volere — unwittingly, without meaning to, unintentionallychi troppo vuole nulla stringe — (Proverbio) don't ask for too much or you may come away empty-handed
vorrei proprio vedere! — I'm not at all surprised!, that doesn't surprise me in the slightest!
... vuoi... — either... or...2. vr (volersi)volersi bene — (amore) to love each other, (affetto) to be fond of o like each other
3. smwill, wish(es)il volere di — against the wishes ofvolere del padre — in obedience to his father's will o wishes* * *I 1. [vo'lere]verbo modale1) (intendere) to want; (desiderare) would like; (più forte) to wishvuole fare l'astronauta — he wants o would like to be an astronaut
vorrebbero andare a casa — they wish o would like to go home
avrei voluto vedere te! — colloq. I'd like to have seen you!
3) (in frasi interrogative, con valore di imperativo)vuoi chiudere quella porta? — close that door, will you?
4) colloq. (in frasi negative) (riuscire)5) voler dire (significare) to mean*2.verbo transitivo1) (essere risoluto a ottenere) to wantvuoi proprio che te lo dica? il tuo amico è un imbroglione — I hate to say it, but your friend is a crook
2) (desiderare)vorrei un chilo di pere, un bicchier d'acqua — I'd like a kilo of pears, a glass of water
volevo una birra — colloq. I'd like a beer
5) (preferire)vieni quando vuoi — come whenever you want o like
"cosa facciamo questa sera?" - "quello che vuoi tu" — "what shall we do tonight?" - "whatever you like"
6) (pretendere)cos'altro vogliono da noi? — what else o more do they want of us?
7) (richiedere)quanto ha voluto per riparare la lavastoviglie? — how much did he charge for repairing the dishwasher?
8) (cercare)9) (permettere)non posso venire, mia madre non vuole — I can't come, my mother doesn't want me to
10) (necessitare) to require, to needqueste piante vogliono un clima umido — these plants require o need a humid climate
questo verbo vuole il congiuntivo — this verb requires o takes the subjunctive
11) (prescrivere)come vuole la leggenda, la tradizione — as legend, tradition has it
12) (ritenere)13) volerci (essere necessario) to take*, to be* needed, to be* requiredci vuole pazienza — it takes o you need patience
con quel vestito ci vorrebbe un foulard rosso — (addirsi) a red scarf would go well with that dress
3.volerne a qcn. — (serbare rancore) to bear BE o hold AE a grudge against sb., to bear sb. ill will
verbo pronominale volersi2) volerselate la sei voluta — (cercarsela) you brought it on yourself, you asked for it
••come vuoi (tu) — as you wish o like
voler bene a qcn. — to love sb.
volere male a qcn. — (nutrire rancore) to bear ill will to sb.; (nutrire odio) to hate sb.
II [vo'lere]volere la pelle di qcn. o volere morto qcn. to want sb. dead; vuoi... vuoi either... or; vuoi vedere che telefona? do you want to bet he's going to call? anche volendo non ce l'avrei mai fatta even had I wanted to, I would never have made it; volendo potremmo vederci domani we could meet tomorrow if we wanted; puoi gridare quanto vuoi, tanto ci vado ugualmente! you can shout until you're blue in the face, I'm going anyway! se Dio vuole Dio volendo God willing; senza volerlo [urtare, rivelare] by accident, unintentionally; cosa vuoi (che ti dica),... what can o shall I say,...; cosa vuoi, sono bambini! what do you expect, they're children! qui ti voglio! let's see what you can do! (è questo il problema) that's just it o the trouble! ce n'è voluto! it took some doing! ( per fare to do); è proprio quello che ci vuole! that's just the job o the (very) thing! ci vuol (ben) altro che... it takes more than...; ci vuole un bel coraggio! it really takes some cheek (a to); ci voleva anche questa! this is just too much! as if we didn't have enough problems! that's all we needed! that's done it! non ci vuole molto a capirlo spreg. it doesn't take much understanding; che ci vuole? it's not all that difficult! quando ci vuole, ci vuole = sometimes you've just got to; volere è potere — prov. where there's a will there's a way
sostantivo maschile will* * *volere2/vo'lere/sostantivo m.will; contro il proprio volere against one's will.————————volere1/vo'lere/ [100]1 (intendere) to want; (desiderare) would like; (più forte) to wish; vuole andare a sciare she wants to go skiing; vuole fare l'astronauta he wants o would like to be an astronaut; vorrebbero andare a casa they wish o would like to go home; volevo dirvi che I wanted to tell you that; avrei voluto vedere te! colloq. I'd like to have seen you! non vorrei disturbarla I don't want to put you out; vorrei avere un milione di dollari I wish I had a million dollars2 (in offerte o richieste cortesi) vuoi bere qualcosa? would you like to have a drink? vorrei parlarle in privato I'd like to speak to you in private; vuoi venire con noi? will you come with us?3 (in frasi interrogative, con valore di imperativo) vuoi stare zitto? will you shut up! vuoi chiudere quella porta? close that door, will you?4 colloq. (in frasi negative) (riuscire) il motore non vuole mettersi in moto the engine won't start; la mia ferita non vuole guarire my wound won't heal5 voler dire (significare) to mean*; cosa vuoi dire? what do you mean? che cosa vuol dire questa parola? what does this word mean? non vorrai dire che è medico? you don't mean to tell me he's a doctor?1 (essere risoluto a ottenere) to want; voglio una relazione dettagliata per domani mattina I want a detailed report by tomorrow morning; vuole la tua felicità she wants you to be happy; vuole che tutto sia finito per le 8 she wants everything finished by 8 o'clock; vuoi proprio che te lo dica? il tuo amico è un imbroglione I hate to say it, but your friend is a crook; che tu lo voglia o no whether you like it or not3 (con complemento predicativo) suo padre lo vuole dottore his father wants him to become a doctor4 (in offerte o richieste cortesi) vorrei un chilo di pere, un bicchier d'acqua I'd like a kilo of pears, a glass of water; volevo una birra colloq. I'd like a beer; vuoi qualcosa da bere? would you like (to have) a drink?5 (preferire) vieni quando vuoi come whenever you want o like; "cosa facciamo questa sera?" - "quello che vuoi tu" "what shall we do tonight?" - "whatever you like"; vorrei che tu non tornassi a casa da sola I'd rather you didn't come home alone6 (pretendere) come vuoi che ti creda? how could I believe you? cosa vuoi di più? what more could you ask (for)? cos'altro vogliono da noi? what else o more do they want of us?7 (richiedere) quanto vuole per la bicicletta? how much is she asking for her bicycle? quanto ha voluto per riparare la lavastoviglie? how much did he charge for repairing the dishwasher?8 (cercare) il capo ti vuole nel suo ufficio the boss wants you in his office; ti vogliono al telefono you're wanted on the phone9 (permettere) non posso venire, mia madre non vuole I can't come, my mother doesn't want me to10 (necessitare) to require, to need; queste piante vogliono un clima umido these plants require o need a humid climate; questo verbo vuole il congiuntivo this verb requires o takes the subjunctive11 (prescrivere) la leggenda vuole che legend has it that; come vuole la leggenda, la tradizione as legend, tradition has it12 (ritenere) alcuni vogliono che si trattasse di un complotto some people believe it was a conspiracy; c'è chi lo vuole innocente some people think he is innocent13 volerci (essere necessario) to take*, to be* needed, to be* required; ci vuole pazienza it takes o you need patience; ci vorrebbe un uomo come lui we need a man like him; ci vorrebbe una persona robusta per fare quello it would take a strong person to do that; ci vuole un po' di pioggia some rain is necessary; quanto zucchero ci vuole per la torta? how much sugar is needed for the cake? volerci molto (tempo) to take long; quanto ci vuole per arrivare a Venezia? how long does it take to get to Venice? ci vogliono sei ore it takes six hours; ci vogliono 500 euro per il volo you'll need 500 euros for the flight; con quel vestito ci vorrebbe un foulard rosso (addirsi) a red scarf would go well with that dress; con la carne ci vuole il vino rosso red wine should be drunk with meat14 volerne (gradire) to want; non ne voglio più I don't want any more; prendine quanto ne vuoi take as much as you please o want; volerne a qcn. (serbare rancore) to bear BE o hold AE a grudge against sb., to bear sb. ill willIII volersi verbo pronominalecome vuoi (tu) as you wish o like; voler bene a qcn. to love sb.; volere male a qcn. (nutrire rancore) to bear ill will to sb.; (nutrire odio) to hate sb.; volere la pelle di qcn. o volere morto qcn. to want sb. dead; vuoi... vuoi either... or; vuoi vedere che telefona? do you want to bet he's going to call? anche volendo non ce l'avrei mai fatta even had I wanted to, I would never have made it; volendo potremmo vederci domani we could meet tomorrow if we wanted; puoi gridare quanto vuoi, tanto ci vado ugualmente! you can shout until you're blue in the face, I'm going anyway! se Dio vuole, Dio volendo God willing; senza volerlo [urtare, rivelare] by accident, unintentionally; cosa vuoi (che ti dica),... what can o shall I say,...; cosa vuoi, sono bambini! what do you expect, they're children! qui ti voglio! let's see what you can do! (è questo il problema) that's just it o the trouble! ce n'è voluto! it took some doing! ( per fare to do); è proprio quello che ci vuole! that's just the job o the (very) thing! ci vuol (ben) altro che... it takes more than...; ci vuole un bel coraggio! it really takes some cheek (a to); ci voleva anche questa! this is just too much! as if we didn't have enough problems! that's all we needed! that's done it! non ci vuole molto a capirlo spreg. it doesn't take much understanding; che ci vuole? it's not all that difficult! quando ci vuole, ci vuole = sometimes you've just got to; volere è potere prov. where there's a will there's a way.
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