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1 καλύπτω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `cover, hide' (Il.).Other forms: Aor. καλύψαι, perf. med. κεκάλυμμαι.Compounds: very often with prefix, e. g. ἀμφι-, κατα-, περι-, συν-, also with ἀνα-, ἀπο-, ἐκ- `open up, reveal'.Derivatives: 1. καλύβη s.v. 2. καλυφή `submerged land' with ἀποκάλυφος ( αἰγιαλός, ἄρουρα) `land that can be cultivated after the inundation' (pap.), περικαλυφή `envelopment' (Pl. Lg. 942d); on - βη and - φη beside καλύ-πτω Schwyzer 332f. 3. ( προ-, παρα- etc.) κάλυμμα `cover, veil etc.' (Il.) with καλυμμάτιον (Ar.). 4. συγκαλυμμός `cover' (Ar. Av. 1496). 5. ἐγ-, κατα-, ἀπο-κάλυψις `cover etc.' (hell.); here, prob. as endearing name (Schwyzer 478, Risch par. 58a; diff. Meillet REGr. 32, 384ff.) Καλυψώ f. "one who covers" (Od.), after Güntert Kalypso prop. death-goddess; doubts in Kretschmer Glotta 12, 212f., s. also Bérard REGr. 67, 503f. - 6. καλυπτήρ, - ῆρος m. "who covers, hides", `cover, tile' (Hp., Arist., Att.) with καλυπτηρίζω `cover with tiles' (inscr.), f. καλύπτειρα `veil' (AP); ἐπι-, ἐγ-, ἀνακαλυπτήριον, - ια `cover, feast of unveiling' (Arist.). 7. καλύπτρα, - ρη f. `veil, cover' (Il.; on the formation Schwyzer 532, Chantraine Formation 333). - 8. ἐκ-καλυπτικός `revealing' ( Stoic., S. E.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: One compares κρύπτω. One connects a full grade thematic root present in the western sphere e.g. in OIr. celim, Lat. *cĕlō, -ĕre (in oc-culere), Germ., e. g. OHG helan ` hehlen, hide'. Further with lengthened grade the deverbative in Lat. cēlō, - āre `hide' and a zero grade yot-present in Germ., e. g. Goth. huljan ` hüllen'. (Zero grade in Lat. clam `secretly'.) (On κέλυφος s. v.) Cf. Pok. 553f., W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. cēlō. - Cf. καλιά, κολεός, and κλέπτω. - However, in this way neither the a-vocalism nor the element υ + labial can be accounted for. The root καλυβ\/π\/φ- is clearly Pre-Greek. Cf. on καλύβη, where Pre-Greek origin is proven.Page in Frisk: 1,768-769Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > καλύπτω
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2 κερκίς
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `weaver's shuttle' (Il.); metaph. of comparable objects, e. g. `great bone of the leg, tibia' (A. R., Heroph. Med.), `wedge-shaped division of the seats in the theater' (hell.); as tree-name a. o. `asp, Populus tremula' (Arist., Thphr.). The meaning are discussed by R. Martin, REGr. 80 (1967) 319f.Compounds: As 1. member in κερκιδοποιική ( τέχνη) `the art of a κερκιδοποιός' (Arist.); as 2. member in παρα-κερκίς f. `splint-bone' (Poll.).Derivatives: Diminutives κερκίδιον (pap.); κερκιδιαῖον `wedge-shaped spool' (Attica); κερκίζω `use the weaver's shuttle' (Pl., Arist.) with κέρκισις `weaving' (Arist.), κερκιστική ( τέχνη) `art of weaving' (Pl.), κέρκιστρα n. pl. `weaver's wages' (pap.). Further also κερκάδαι pl. `the weavers', name of a society of weavers (Argos); cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 176.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Unknown. Diminutive of κέρκος (s. v.), in the original sense of *`stave, rod' (cf. Vendryes REGr. 25, 461). Not with Prellwitz to the group of κρέξ (after the humming of the weaver's shuttle). Techmical word that seems rather Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 1,830Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κερκίς
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3 λωτός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `lotus', name of several nutrimental plants, `Trifolium, Melilotus, Trigonella a. o.' (Il.), also of the Egypt. waterlily, `Nymphaea' (Hdt.), of the libyan lotustree, `Celtis australis' (ι 93 f.), `flute made from it' (E.); on the meaning Strömberg Theophrastea 184, Carnoy REGr. 71, 95 f., Economos ClassJourn. 30, 424ff.Compounds: Compp., e.g. Λωτο-φάγοι pl. People's name (Od.), μελί-λωτος m. (- ον n.) `Melilotus' (Sapph.).Derivatives: λωτόεις `rich in lotus', prob. in λωτεῦντα, - οῦντα for - όεντα ( πεδία, M 283), s. Schwyzer 527 n. 2; cf. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 35 a. 351, REGr. 63, 283; λώτινος `consisting, made of l.' (Sapph., Anacr.); λωτάριον `lotusflower' (medic.), λῶταξ ' αὑλητής' (Zonar., Eust.). Denomin. verbs: 1. λωτίζομαι (-ω H.) `pick the flower, i.e. take the best' (A. Supp. 963), ἀπο-λωτίζω `take from someb. the flower' (E.), with λώτισμα `the flower, the best of something' (A. Fr. 99, 18, E. Hel. 1593); cf. v. Wilamowitz Eur. Her. v. 476. - 2. λωτέω `play flute ' (Zonar.); hardly in λωτεῦντα (M 283), s. λωτόεις.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Mediterranean word; after Lewy Fremdw. 46 from Hebr. lōṭ ' στακτή' (LXX Ge. 37, 25; 43, 11); also Arab. lādan \> λάδανον, λήδανον, s. v.Page in Frisk: 2,153Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λωτός
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4 ὅσιος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `offered or permitted by the gods or nature, pleasing to the gods, just (= Lat. fas), devout, ritually pure' (Thgn., IA.; cf. ὁσίη below).Compounds: As 2. member in ἀν-όσιος (IA.), prob. prop. bahuvrihi `who is without τὸ ὅσιον, ἡ ὁσία' (Frisk Adj. priv. 10 f.), ἀφ-όσιος = ἀν-όσιος (Egypt. inscr. Ia; Strömberg Prefix Studies 41).Derivatives: ὁσία, Ion. - ίη f. `divine or natural law, law, holy custom, holy service' (Od.), prob. for ὁσι-ία (Frisk Eranos 43, 220 w. lit.; diff. Porzig Satzinhalte 208); ὁσιό-της f. `divine obedience, piety' (Pl., X.). Denominative ὁσιό-ομαι, -ω, esp. w. ἀφ-, also w. καθ- a. ἐξ-, `to purify (oneself), to hallow' (IA.) with ( ἀφ-, καθ-)οσίωσις f. `purification, hallowing' (D.H., Plu.), ἀφοσιώματα καθάρ-ματα, καθάρσια H., ὁσιωτήρ m. "the purificator", name of a sacrificial animal in Delphi (Plu.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: On the meaning of ὅσιος, - ίη s. beyond the lit. on ἱερός also W. J. Terstegen Εὑσεβής en ὅσιος. Diss. Utrecht 1941, Jeanmaire REGr. 58, 66ff., van der Walk REGr. 64, 417ff. No convincing etymology. Since Brugmann Grundr.2 II: 1, 401 mostly explained as ιο-deriv. of a ptc. * s-o-to-(from * es- `to be') beside seeming * s-e-to- in ἐτά ἀληθῆ (s. ἐτάζω); the root is now established as * h₁s-. As improbable alternative B. considers transformation of an *ἁτιος = Skt. satyá- `true' (\< IE *sn̥t-ii̯o-) after *ὁντ-. Schwyzer 344 considers Aeolic origin (ὁ- for ἁ-) as possible. The derivation from * soto- (root * set- in ἐτάζω) is defended by Pinault, Langue, style (1996) 43f.: *sotii̯o- `conforme à l'ordre établi, pieux'. -- Well argued criticism by v. Windekens Le Pélasgique 124 (with Pelasgian explanation (to Lat. iūs `right' etc.). Cf. Benveniste, Vocab. inst. 2, 198-202.Page in Frisk: 2,435Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὅσιος
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5 ῥυτός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: only in ῥυτοῖσιν λάεσσι (ζ 267, ξ 10).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Like ῥυ-τήρ, ῥυ-μός a.o. explained from ἐρύω `draw, pluck'; often interpreted as `drawn near' (thus also above s. ἐρύω), not quite convincing, as one expects rather a technical expression; it is doubtful a the ἐ- is of unclear origin. -- After Schulze Q. 318 identical with Lat. rūta ( caesa) `dug out (and felled)'; phonetically unacceptable, though perh. factually correct; ῥυτός like rūta metaph. = `unworked, raw' (opposite ξεστοῖσι λίθοισι)? -- Cf. Ammann Μνήμης χάριν 1,16. -- After Deroy REGr. 67, 1ff. Pre-Greek and cognate with Lat. rūdera (which would be Etruscan). Cf. Chamoux REGr. 65 (1952)284.Page in Frisk: 2,667Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥυτός
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6 ἄβαξ
ἄβαξ, - κοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `reckoning-board, board for drawing' (Cratin., Arist).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Unknown. Loanword from Hebr. 'ābāq `sand, dust' (Lewy Fremdw. 173) is semantically weak; rejected by Masson Recherches 97. On the meaning Bruneau REGr. 80 (1967) 325-330. But s. Kratzsch WZHalle 23 (1973) 126 (Lat. LW [loanword] abacus.) Kuiper compared ἀμάκιον ἄβαξ. Λάκωνες H., but Fur. 221 doubts. If the comparison is correct, the word is Pre-Greek (prothesis, β\/μ).Page in Frisk: 1,3Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄβαξ
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7 ἄκοιτης
ἄκοιτης, - ουGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `bedfellow, husband' (Il.)Compounds: παράκοιτις (Il.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [539] *ḱei- `to lie'Etymology: Secondarily built on ἄκοιτις f. (s. Chantraine REGr. 59-60, 225f.; the idea that the woman is the one sharing the bed is more natural than the other way round; the fem. is also more frequent). With α copulative and κοίτη or κοῖτος `layer' (Chantr. Form. 26ff. und 113f.; on the accent Schwyzer 385; psilosis analogical after ἄλοχος or dialectal).See also: κεῖμαιPage in Frisk: 1,54-55Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄκοιτης
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8 ἄπφα
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: endearing address between brothers and sisters, also beloved ones (Eust.)Derivatives: ἀπφίον (Eust.), ἀπφάριον (Xenarch., Smyrna), ἀπφίδιον (Schol.); also ἀπφία (Poll., H.), ἀπφῦς m. `papa' (Theok.), expressive but unexplained.Origin: ONOM [onomatopoia, and other elementary formations]Etymology: Elementary term, cf. unaspirated ἄππα etc. See Chantraine REGr. 59-60, 245, Kretschmer Glotta 16, 184 m. On the phonetics s. Lejeune Traité 61.Page in Frisk: 1,127Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄπφα
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9 ἄττα 1
ἄττα 1.Grammatical information: m.Meaning: Voc. `father' (Il.).Other forms: Acc. ἄττειν `grandfather' Thespiae.Dialectal forms: Thess. acc. to Eust. 777, 54, used to address your foster father.Etymology: Elementary `Lallwort', found in several IE languages; may be inherited: Lat. atta and, with inflection, Hitt. attaš, Germ., e. g. Goth. atta, - ins etc..; with suffix OCS. otьcь. Cf.. Chantraine REGr. 59-60, 244. S. also ἄππα and W.-Hofmann s. atta.Page in Frisk: 1,182Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄττα 1
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10 ἐλέγχω
Grammatical information: vMeaning: 1. `revile, disgrace' (Hom.); 2. `cross-exmine, bring to proof, accuse, question' (Hdt., Pi., Att.); on the meaning Daux REGr. 55, 252ff.Other forms: ἐλέγξαι (Il.), fut. ἐλέγξω, aor. pass. ἐλεγχθῆναι with ἐλεγχθήσομαι, perf. ἐλήλεγμαι, 3. sg. - γκται (Att.)Derivatives: To 1: ἔλεγχος n. (as ὄνειδος) `revile, disgrace' (Hom., Hes., Pi.; cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 263), in plur. also of persons, `coward'; in masculine ἐλεγχέες (Δ 242, Ω 239; but s. Bechtel Lex. s. ἐλεγχής, Frisk GHÅ 41 [1935]: 3, 19f., Sommer Nominalkomp. 137); superlative ἐλέγχιστος (Hom.; Seiler Steigerungsformen 83f.); from ἔλεγχος also ἐλεγχείη `id.' (Il.; cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 218). - To 2: ἔλεγχος m. (as λόγος) `proof, refutation, inquisition' (Hdt., Pi., Att.); ἔλεγξις `id.' (LXX, NT, Philostr.) with painful ἐλεγξῖνος (D. L.); ἐλεγμός `id.' (LXX, NT); ἐλεγκτήρ `who proves' (Antipho; Ionisch?, Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 52); ἐλεγκτικός `good for ἐλέγχειν, prepared for' (Att. etc.).Etymology: Uncertain. Since Pott often connected with ἐλαχύς, but this is as often denied, s. Osthoff MU 6, 7ff. Semantically the connection is quite possible: cf. NHG. schmähen, MHG. smæhen `disgrace', OHG smāhen `make small', from smāhi `small'; also NHG Schmach, MHG smāhe, smæhe `revile'. Phonetically the etymology implies, that ἐλέγχω for *ἐλέμφω (idg. * h₁lengʷʰ-) has its χ from ἐλαχύς, ἐλάσσων (\< *ἐλάχ-ι̯ων), ἐλάχιστος. The verb ἐλέγχω would be identical with Av. rǝnǰaiti `makes light'. - Or with Fick 1, 537 to Latv. langāt `revile', also OHG OS. lahan `revile' a. o.; acc. to Sturtevant Comp. gr.1 89, 2 58 to Hitt. lingazi, li(n)kzi `swear'. Pok. 676 recalls Nur. lang `shame, deceit, treason'.Page in Frisk: 1,486-487Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐλέγχω
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11 ἑλεσπίδας
Grammatical information: acc. pl.Meaning: of πίσεα, perh.`marsh-lands, swamp lands' A. R. 1, 1266.Other forms: A. R. 1, 1266Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The analysis in ἕλος `swamp' and a root noun *σπίς (*ἑλε[σ]-σπίδ-), which would be cognate with σπίδιος, ἀσπιδής and even with ἀσπίς (s. vv.), is morphologically far from convincing. Bechtel Lex. s. ἀσπίς, Schwyzer 507, W.-Hofmann s. spatium. - Unclear remains the connection with the glosse λέσπιν μεγάλην, ὑδρηλήν. Δίδυμος την καταδυομένην εἰς πέλαγος πέτραν. οἱ δε την νοτεράν. ἄλλοι δε σπίδα (leg. λέσπιδα?) βαθεῖαν. οἱ δε λόχμην H. See Taillardat, REGr 73, 1960, 13Page in Frisk: 1,490Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἑλεσπίδας
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12 ἐντός
Grammatical information: adv. and prep.Meaning: `inside' (Il.).Derivatives: ἔντοσθε(ν), rare ἔντοθεν (after ἔνδοθεν, ἔκτοθεν etc.) `(from) inside' (ep. Ion., Il.;) with ἐντόσθια and ἐντοσθίδια n. pl. `intestines' (Hp., Arist.; cf. Chantraine Formation 39), with the adj. ἐντόσθιος, - ίδιος `of the intestines' (medic. a. o.); cf. below. - Comparative ἐντότερος `inner' (LXX).Etymology: With Lat. intus `(from) inside' identical; IE formation in - tos (e. g. Skt. i-táḥ `from here', Lat. peni-tus `[from] inside') to the adverb *en; s. ἔν. Cf. ἐκτός. - ἐντόσθια not with Vendryes REGr. 23, 74 from *ἐντόστια (after ἔντοσθε) = Skt. antastya- n. `intestines'; the word belongs to Skt. antár `inside' (s. ἔντερον) with regular replacement of -r by -s- in sandhi before suffix - tya-.Page in Frisk: 1,525Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐντός
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13 ἐρι-
Grammatical information: prefixMeaning: `very, high' (Il.),Compounds: esp. in Bahuvrihi's like ἐρί-(γ)δουπος, - σθενής, - τιμος, - αύχην; also ἐρι-βρεμέτης, - δμᾶτος (A. Ag. 1461 [lyr.]) a. o.; cf. Chantraine REGr. 49, 406.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Beside ἐρι- stands with the same meaning ἀρι-, which however like Skt. ari-, as opposed to ἐρι-, belongs in verbal adjectives, cf. s. v. and Schwyzer 434. One might think of a connection with ὄρνυμι `rise etc.' ( ἐρι- beside *ἔρος?, cf. s. ἐρέας). - The comment in DELG is unclear to me.Page in Frisk: 1,557-558Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐρι-
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14 εὐνή
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `layer' (of animals and soldiers), `bed, matrimonial bed', metaph. `marriage' and `tomb', as nautical expression in plur. `anchor-stones' (Il.).Compounds: As 1. member in εὐνοῦχος m. "protector of the bed", `chamberlain, eunuch' (Ion.-Att.; on the meaning E. Maaß, RhM 74, 432ff.) with εὐνουχίζω, - ίας a. o. As 2. member a. o. in χαμαι-εύνης (on the formation Schwyzer 451), f. - ευνάς `with its layer on the bottom, lying on the naked bottom' (Hom.); also χαμ-ευνάς `id.' (Lyc.), as determinative `layer on the bottom' (Nil. Th. 23); in this meaning further χαμ-εύνη, -α (Trag.) with χαμεύνιον (Pl.), - ευνίς (Theoc.), - ευνία (Ph., Philostr.).Derivatives: εὐναῖος `belonging to the εὐνη' (trag.), εὔνια pl. = εὐνή (App.), εὐνέτης `layer-companion, wife' (E.), - έτις f. (Hp., A. R.), εὐνάτας `id.' (E. Med. 159, conj.), εὖνις f. (S., E.). Two denomin. εὐνάομαι, εὐνηθῆναι, - άω `lay down, go to bed, sleep' resp. `bring to rest' (Il.) with εὐνήματα pl. `marriage' (E. Ion 304; cf. Chantraine Formation 184ff.), εὐνήτωρ, -ά̄τωρ, - ητήρ, -ᾱτήρ = εὐνέτης (trag.), f. εὐνήτειρα, - άτειρα, - ήτρια (trag.), εὑνατήριον `sleeping-room' (A.). εὐνάζομαι, εὐνασθῆναι, εὐνάζω `id.' with τὰ εὐνάσιμα `sleeping-places' (X. Kyn. 8, 4; after ἱππάσιμος a. o., cf. Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 48), εὐναστήρ = εὐνέτης (Lyc.), εὐνάστειρα λίθος (Opp.), εὐναστήριον = εὐνατήριον (S., E.). Details of the tragedians in Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 17, Björck, Alpha impurum 139f.; also Chantraine REGr. 59-60, 227f.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Unexplained. Von Strachan in Fick 2, 48, Lidén IF 19, 320f. compare OIr. (h) uam `hole' and Av. unā f. `hole, slit (in the earth)'; further s. Bq s. v., W.-Hofmann s. exuō and 1. venus. Also Arm. unim `have, own' remains far (rather with Meillet MSL 23, 276 to Hitt. epmi `take, seize', Lat. apīscor etc.).Page in Frisk: 1,589Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > εὐνή
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15 ζόφος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `dark(ness), West' (Il.).Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in ζοφο-ειδής `dark-coloured' (Hp.).Derivatives: ζοφερός `dark' (Hes., Hp., Arist.), ζοφώδης `id.' (Hp., Arist.), also ζόφιος (AP), ζόφεος (v. l. Nic. Al. 501). Denomin. verb ζοφόομαι, - όω `get, make dark' (AP, Hld.) with ζόφωσις (Sch.). Cf ζέφυρος (s. v.); cf. on δνόφος etc, s. also γνόφος.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Improbable hypotheses from Vendryes REGr. 23, 74, Petersen AmJPh. 56, 59. There is no IE etymology. One often connects (DELG) ζέφυρος, which seems possible but which is not certain; one also compares δνόφος.Page in Frisk: 1,614Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ζόφος
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16 ζυγόν
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `yoke' (Il.), also metaph., e. g. of a cross-wood, of the rowing benches connecting the two ship sides, of the tongue of a balance, of a pair, of a row or a rank of soldiers (oppos. στοῖχος), as land measure.Other forms: Hell. mostly - ός m., rarely earlier, s. Schwyzer-Debrunner 37.)Compounds: Often in compp., e. g. πολύ-ζυγος `with many rowing benches', ζυγό-δεσμον `yoke-straps' (Il.), also ζυγη-φόρος `carrying a yoke' (A., analog.-metr. beside ζυγο-φόρος; Schwyzer 439 n. 1).Derivatives: Seberal deriv.: 1. ζύγιον `rowing bench' (hell.). 2. ζυγίσκον meaning unclear (IG 22, 1549, 9, Eleusis, + 300a). 3. ζύγαινα the hammer-headed shark (Epich., Arist.; after the shape of the skull, Strömberg Fischnamen 35). 4. ζυγίς `thyme' (Dsc.; motivation of the name unknown, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 56). 5. ζούγωνερ (= *ζύγωνες) βόες ἐργάται. Λάκωνες H. 6. ζυγίτης name of a rower (sch.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 44), f. ζυγῖτις Hera as goddess of marriage (Nicom. ap. Phot.; Redard 209). 7. ζυγία `maple' (Thphr.) prop. "yoke-wood" (s. Strömberg Theophrastea 114), because the hard maple was mainly used to make yokes (so even now in southern Italy), Rohlfs WB VI and 86; also Rohlfs ByzZ 37, 57, Dawkins JournofHellStud. 56, 1f.; diff. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 56 (after the pairwise attached fruits). 8. ζύγαστρον `wooden cist, chest' s.v. σίγιστρον - Adject. 9. ζύγιος `belonging to the yoke etc.' (Att. etc.; also as nautical expression, s. Morrison Class. Quart. 41, 128ff.). 10. ζύγιμος `id.' (Plb.; s. Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 94). 11. ζυγικός `belonging to the tongue of a balance' (Nicom. Harm.). Adv. ζυγ-άδην (Ph.), ζυγ-ηδόν (Hld.) `pairwise'. - Denomin. verbs: 1. ζυγόω `yoke, connect (through a cross-wood), shut, hold the balance' (A., hell.) with ζύγωμα `bar, cross-rod' (Plb.), ζύγωσις `balancing' (hell.), *ζύγωθρον in the denomin. aor. ipv. ζυγώθρισον (Ar. Nu. 745; meaning uncertain, `weigh' or `shut'?). 2. ζυγέω `form a row or rank' (Plb.). - Beside ζυγόν as 2. member the verbal root - ζυξ, e. g. ἄ-ζυξ `unconnected, unmarried', ὁμό-, σύ-ζυξ `yoked together, connected' (also ἄ-, ὁμό-, σύ-ζυγος), s. Chantraine REGr. 59-60, 231f.Etymology: Old name of a device, retained in most IE languages, e. g. Hitt. iugan, Skt. yugám, Lat. iugum, Germ., e. g. Goth. juk, IE *i̯ugóm; more forms Pok. 509f., W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. iugum. - The root noun - ζυξ also in Lat. con-iux `spouse', Skt. a-yúj- `not forming a pair, uneven' (formally = ἄ-ζυξ except the accent), sa-yúj- `connected, companion' a. o. - Cf. ζεύγνυμι and ζεῦγος. Rix, Hist. Gramm. 60, 70 suggests Hi̯-, which is still uncertain.Page in Frisk: 1,615-616Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ζυγόν
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17 ἤϊα 1
ἤϊα 1.Grammatical information: n. pl.Other forms: also ᾖαOrigin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Uncertain. Acc. to Thumb KZ 36, 179ff. (with partly diff. grouping) with ἤϊος πορεύσιμος H., verbal noun to εἶμι `go'. Vendryes REGr. 23, 74 compares Skt. sasyám n. `produce of the fields', formally not convincing. Not better Froehde (s. Bechtel Lex.) to Skt. avasám n. `food' (rather to ávati `protect, refresh etc.'; s. Mayrhofer KEWA s. v.).Page in Frisk: 1,625Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἤϊα 1
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18 θεός
Grammatical information: m. f.Meaning: `god, goddess' (Il.);Compounds: myk. te-o. Very often in compp., e. g. ἄ-θεος, θεο-ειδής; θεόσ-δοτος after Διόσ-δοτος; on the form θεσ- s. θέσκελος, θέσπις. On θεσ- as magnifying prefix in MoGr. Georgakas Άθ. 46, 97ff.Derivatives: 1. θεά f. `goddess' (ep.; details in Lommel Femininbildungen 13f., also Wackernagel Syntax 2, 25; on θεά and fem. θεός in Hom. s. Humbach Münch. Stud. zur Sprachwiss. 7, 46ff.). 2. θέαιναι pl. `goddesses' (after τέκταιναι a. o.; in Hom. as metr. filling; not with Chantraine REGr. 47, 287 n. 1 archaic form; further Schwyzer 475 w. n. 7). 3. θεῖος `divine' (Il.; cf. below) with θειώδως adv. (pap.), θειότης `godliness' (LXX, NT, Plu.), θειάζω `prophesy, honour as god' (Th.), also with prefix, e. g. ἐπι-θειάζω `swear in the name of the gods' with ( ἐπι-)θειασμός (Th.) 4. θεϊκός `id.' (late). 5. Denomin. verb θεόω, - όομαι `make to a god, become a god' (Call.), mostly with prefix, e. g. ἀπο-θεόω `id.' (pap., Plb., Plu.) with ἀποθέωσις (Str.).Etymology: The connection with Arm. di-k` pl. `gods' (Bartholomae BB 17, 348) seems probable; further to Lat. fēriae `festive days', fēstus `feastly, fānum `temple', s. W.-Hofmann s. vv.; to Skt. dhíṣṇiya- Mayrhofer KEWA s. dhiṣáṇā. Arm. di-k` would come from IE * dhēs-es, and θεός could be *dhĕs-ós; cf. θέσ-κελος; θεῖος then from *θέσ-ι̯ος (Schwyzer 467). The ē: ĕ go back on * dheh₁s-: * dhh₁s-; this explains also the Latin forms, e.g. fānum \< * fasnom \< * dʰh₁s-nom; thus Rix, Kratylos XIV (1969) [1972] 179f. - The etymology as *θϜεσ-ός with Lith. dvasià `spirit', MHG getwās `ghost' (s. on θεῖον) can be abandoned; there is no trace of the F in Greek and it is impossible in the Armenian word.Page in Frisk: 1,662-663Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θεός
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19 θῡμός
θῡμόςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `spirit, courage, anger, sense' (Il.); on meaning and use in Hom. etc. Marg Charakter 47ff.; also Magnien REGr. 40, 117ff. (criticism by Wahrmann Glotta 19, 214f.).Compounds: Many compp., e. g. θυμο-βόρος `eating the heart' (Il.), θυμ-ηγερέων `collecting one's spirit, coing to one-self' (η 283; Leumann Hom. Wörter 116 n. 83, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 349), θυμᾱρής, θυμήρης `delighting the heart' (Il.; Bechtel Lex. s. v., Leumann 66); πρό-θυμος (bahuvrihi) `prepared, willing' (IA) with προθυμία, - ίη (Β 588) and - έομαι (IA).Derivatives: Dimin. θυμίδιον (Ar. V. 878); adj. θυμικός and θυμώδης `passionate, vehement' (Arist.); denomin. verbs: 1. θυμιάω `burn producing smoke' (s.v.) with θυμίη `incense'; 2. θυμόομαι `get angry' (IA), rarely - όω `id.' (E. Supp. 581), with θύμωμα `being angry' (A. Eu. 861, epigr.), θύμωσις `id.' (Cic. Tusc. 4, 9, 21); 3. θυμαίνω `be angry' (Hes. Sc. 262, Ar., A. R.).Etymology: Identical with Skt. dhūmá-, Lat. fūmus, Lith. dū́mai (pl.), OCS dymъ `smoke'; the meaning `smoke' preserved in θυμιάω. On the meaning Chantraine Formation 134 with Ernout-Meillet s. fūmus. - A variant with short u seems impossible. Wit IE ou-diphthong one cites OHG toum `steam, vapour'. Cf. 2. θύω. (DELG compares θύω 1 `s'élancer avec fureur', by mistake?)Page in Frisk: 1,693-694Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θῡμός
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20 ἴον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `violet' (Hom., Thphr.).Compounds: Determin. comp. λευκό-ϊον = ἴον λευκόν `stock-gillyflower' (Thphr.; Risch IF. 59, 257); often as 1. member, e. g. ἰο-ειδής `violet-coloured' ( πόντος; Il.), ἰο-στέφανος `violet-crowned', Athen (h. Hom. 6, 18, Pi., Thgn.), ἰό-κολπος `with violet bossom' (Sapph.; vgl. Treu Von Homer zur Lyrik 171), ἰο-δνεφής, s. δνόφος; on ἰάνθινος s. v. Wrong Bénaky REGr. 28, 16ff.: ἴον in ἰο-ειδής etc. IIp referring to the colour.Derivatives: ἰόεις `violet-coloured' = `dark-blue' ( σίδηρος Ψ 850, θάλασσα Nic.); ἰωνιά `violet-bed', also plant-name (Thphr.), after ῥοδων-ιά, θημων-ιά (Scheller Oxytonierung 70f.); ἰοντῖτις f. plant-name = ἀριστολόχεια (Dsc.; after κληματῖτις?, Redard Les noms grecs en - της 72).Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Medit.Etymology: H. γία (= Ϝία) ἄνθη and the epic metrics confirm the connection with Lat. viola; both prob. come from a Mediterranean language, s. W.-Hofmann s. v.Page in Frisk: 1,729Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἴον
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