νώκαρ

νῶκαρ, ᾰρος, τό,

A lethargy, coma, Nic.Th. 189, Hsch. ; expld. by στέρησις τῆς ψυχῆς, Hdn.Gr.2.770.

II as Adj., slothful, sleepy, Suid.

νῶκαρ, αρος, τό, mit Schlaf verbundene Trägheit; νύσταξις u. νωϑεία, tiefer Todesschlaf; δυςκίνητος, träg, langsam

Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `lethargy, coma' (Nic; Hdn. who explains it as στέρησις τῆς ψυχῆς; it is also translated as νύσταξις); also as adj.

Derivatives: νωκαρώδης `slothful, sleepy' (Diph.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Fur.133 connects the word with νωχελής, which fits better semantically (the translation `Totenschlaf', Frisk, is inspired by a wrong etymology), and denies that it has anything to do with νεκρός, νέκυς. On words in - αρ s. Fur. 134 n. 75.

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νωκαρ-ώδης, ες, schläfrig

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `corpse, the dead' (Il.), pl. `the dead' = `inhabitant of the Underworld' (Od., Th., LXX, NT), also attributive and adjectival (-ά, - όν) `dead' (hell.; Pi. Fr. 203 νεκρὸν ἵππον prob. predicative).

Compounds: Often as 1. member, e.g. νεκρο-δέγμων `receiving dead' (Α῝ιδης, A. Pr. 153 [lyr.]); rarely as 2. member, e.g. μυριό-νεκρος `with uncountable dead' ( μάχη, Plu.).

Derivatives: 1. Subst. νεκρών, - ῶνος m. (Tegea II^a, AP), νεκρια f. (hell. pap.; on the unknown accent Scheller Oxytonierung 46) `place of the dead, grave-yard'. 2. Adj. νεκρ-ιμαῖος `belonging to a corpse', τὸ ν. `corpse' (LXX; after θνησιμ-αῖος, Chantraine Form. 49, Mél. Maspero 2, 221); νεκρ-ικός `regarding the dead', τὰν. `inheritance' (Luc., Vett. Val.); νεκρ-ώδης `corpse-like' (Luc., Gal.). 3. Verb νεκρόομαι, - όω `die, kill, enervate' (late) with νέκρωσις `be dead, the killing' (late), - ώσιμα n. pl. = νεκύσια (church-writers, gloss.; Arbenz 93: θανάσιμος), - ώματα pl. `dead bodies' (Arist.-comm.), - ωτικός `causing death' (Gal.). -- In the same meaning νέκῡς (posthom. -ῠ-) m., also adj. `dead' (ep. poet Il., also Hdt. and Gortyn; νέκυρ νεκρός. Λάκωνες H.); some compp., e.g. νεκυο-μαντήϊον, - εῖον `oracle of the dead' (Hdt.), ἰσό-νεκυς `corpse-like' (E. Or. 200 [lyr.], after ἰσό-θεος, s. on ἴσος). Derivv.: νέκυια f. `offer to the dead, so as to call up the dead' (D. S., Plu., Nic.), abstractformation in - ιᾰ for -ίᾱ as ἀλήθεια for - εία etc. (cf. Solmsen Wortforsch. 248ff.); in the same meaning νεκυϊσμός (Man.; *νεκυΐζω; on the formations in - ισμός Chantraine Form. 142 ff.); νεκύσια n. pl. `feats of the dead' (hell. pap.; cf. θαλύσια, γενέσια and Stengel Herm. 43, 645ff.) with Νεκύσιος m. Cret. month-name (II<sup>a</sup>); νεκυϊκός `belonging to the dead' (Cyran.); νεκύα f. plantname = φλόμος (Cyran.), because used in the conjuration of the dead; after καρύα, σικύα etc.; on νεκύδαλ(λ)ος s. v. -- Besides νέκες νεκροί H. with νεκ-άς, - άδος f. `heap of dead' (E 886, AP; like νιφάς etc. Bechtel Lex. s.v., Chantraine Form. 352). -- Not here νῶκαρ, - αρος n. s.v.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [762] *neḱ-(u-) `violent death, corpse'.

Etymology: The monosyllabic stem νέκ-ες agrees formally excatly to Lat. nex, necis f. `violent death, murder' and to GAv. nas- f. `need, distress', IE *neḱ-s. Also the u-stem in νέκ-υ-ς returns on Iranian soil in Av. nas-u-š gen. nas-āv-ō f. m. `corpse'; orig. the Gr. υ is short beside Iran. ŭ: āv (\< ou̯), Beeekes-Cuypers, Mnemosyne LVI(2003)485-391; wrong Schwyzer 463. Here perh. Lat. nequālia `detrimenta'. The alternatings r(o)-formation in νεκ-ρό-ς has no parallel outside Greek. ( νῶκαρ will rather be non-IE, i.e. Pre-Greek; Fur. 133; s.v.) Greek has no parallels to the primary verbs (e.g. Skt. náś-ya-ti, Toch. A näk-näṣ-tär `disappear, perish'). -- WP. 2, 326, Pok. 762, W.-Hofmann s. necō with further forms, Mayrhofer s. náśyati. -- Not here νέκταρ.

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νύστ-αξις, εως, ἡ,

A drowsiness, Hsch.s.v.νῶκαρ.

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `slumber, be sleepy'.

Other forms: most pres. (Hp., Att.), aor. - άξαι (Thphr., LXX), - άσαι (Dionys. Corn., AP).

Compounds: Also w. prefix, e.g. ὑπο-, ἐπι-.

Derivatives: νυσταγμός m. `drowsiness' (Hp., LXX), νύσταγμα n. `nap, short sleep' (LXX), νύσταξις H. as explanation of νῶκαρ; νυστακτής as adjunct of ὕπνος (Ar. V. 12, Alciphr.), - ακτικῶς `in a sleepy way' (Gal.). Also νυσταλέος `sleepy' (Aret., H.), after ὑπναλέος with jumping over of the presentsuffix (Debrunner IF 23, 18), νύσταλος (Com. Adesp.) wit νυσταλωπιᾶν νυστάζειν H.

Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [987] * snud- `sleepy, slumber'

Etymology: Of νυστάζω strongly remind some Baltic expressions for `slumber, sleepy', e.g. Lith. snús-tu, snúd-au, snús-ti `slumber away' with snud-à, snùd-is `sleeper, dreamer'; with diff. ablaut snáud-žiu, snáus-ti `slumber'; further with l-suffix but independent of νυσταλέος Lith. snaudãlius `sleepy man', Latv. snaudule `sleepy-head' (de Saussure MSL 6, 76 = Rec. 412, Schulze KZ 29, 263 = Kl. Schr. 376). Then - τάζω is purely enlarging as in κλασ-τάζω (κλα[σ]- or κλαδ-), βαστάζω ( βαδ-?) a.o.; cf. Schwyzer 706. If right, the old obvious connection with νεύω `nod' (thus still Schwyzer 348; against it Georgacas Glotta 36, 173) must fall. -- After Solmsen Glotta 2, 75 ff., here also νυθόν, νοῦθος (s.v.); very doubtful.

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Grammatical information: adj.

Meaning: `slow, dull, sluggish' (Hp., S., E., hell. epic).

Other forms: Also νωχαλής (cod. νωφ-) νωθρός H. with νωχαλίζει βραδύνει; NGr. ἀνώχαλος with ἀ-prothesis (Papadopoulos Άρχ. Έφ. 28, 58 ff.).

Derivatives: νωχελίη, - ία f. `slowness, laziness' (T 411; cf. Porzig, Satzinhalte 204 and Delebecque Cheval 156 f.), also - εια f. (Orib., H.); νωχελίς, - ίδος f. plantname = βαλλωτή (Ps.-Dsc.); also νωκελίς, which points to a Pre-Greek word, and νωφρύς; cf. Strömberg Pflanzenn. 158; νωχελεύομαι `be slow, indolent' (Aq.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Unexplained. On the formation Bechtel s. v.; hypothetic etymology by Sütterlin IF 29, 126 (mentioned by Bq and WP. 2, 698). Fur. 133 connects νῶκαρ (s.v.), which implies that the word is Pre-Greek. Note also χαλ-\/ κελ- and χ\/φ (for which I have no explanation).

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