-
1 kateri
-
2 koterъ
koterъ; kotorъ Grammatical information: prn. Proto-Slavic meaning: `who, which'Page in Trubačev: XI 201-203Old Church Slavic:Russian:kotóryj `which, (rel.) who, which' [prn]Slovak:koterý `which' [prn];kotorý `which' [prn];kotrý `which' [prn]Upper Sorbian:Lower Sorbian:kótary `which' [prn]Serbo-Croatian:Slovene:kotę́ri `which' [prn];katę́ri `which' [prn]Bulgarian:kótryj (Gerov) `which' [prn];kotrí (dial.) `which' [prn]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: kot(e)rosLithuanian:katràs `which (of the two)' [prn]Indo-European reconstruction: kʷo-ter-o-Other cognates:Skt. katará- `which (of the two)'; -
3 kotorъ
koterъ; kotorъ Grammatical information: prn. Proto-Slavic meaning: `who, which'Page in Trubačev: XI 201-203Old Church Slavic:Russian:kotóryj `which, (rel.) who, which' [prn]Slovak:koterý `which' [prn];kotorý `which' [prn];kotrý `which' [prn]Upper Sorbian:Lower Sorbian:kótary `which' [prn]Serbo-Croatian:Slovene:kotę́ri `which' [prn];katę́ri `which' [prn]Bulgarian:kótryj (Gerov) `which' [prn];kotrí (dial.) `which' [prn]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: kot(e)rosLithuanian:katràs `which (of the two)' [prn]Indo-European reconstruction: kʷo-ter-o-Other cognates:Skt. katará- `which (of the two)'; -
4 kъjь
kъjь Grammatical information: prn. Proto-Slavic meaning: `who, what, which'Page in Trubačev: XIII 116-117Old Church Slavic:Russian:Slovak:ký `what, which' [prn], ká [Nomsf], ké [Nomsn]Polish:Serbo-Croatian:kòjī `what, which' [prn], kòjā [Nomsf], kòjē [Nomsn]Bulgarian:Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: kosLithuanian:kàs `who, which' [prn]Indo-European reconstruction: kʷo-Certainty: +Page in Pokorny: 644 -
5 akъ(jь)
akъ(jь) Grammatical information: prn. Proto-Slavic meaning: `such as'Page in Trubačev: VIII 171Old Church Slavic:Czech:jaký `what (kind of), which' [pron]Slovak:jaký `what (kind of), which' [pron]Polish:Upper Sorbian:Serbo-Croatian:jȃk `strong, healthy' [adj o], jáka [Nomsf], jáko [Nomsf];Čak. jå̑k `strong, healthy' [adj o], jå̄kȁ [Nomsf], jå̑ko [Nomsn]Slovene:jȃk `strong, prominent, superb, brave' [adj o]Bulgarian: -
6 màlъ
màlъ Grammatical information: adj. o Accent paradigm: a Proto-Slavic meaning: `small, little'Page in Trubačev: XVII 173-178Old Church Slavic:Russian:mályj `small, little' [adj o]Czech:malý `small, little' [adj o]Slovak:malý `small, little' [adj o]Polish:Serbo-Croatian:mȁo `small, little' [adj o];Čak. må̃lī (Vrgada) `small, little' [adj o];Čak. mȃli (Orbanići) `small, little' [adj o]Slovene:mȃli `small, little' [adj o]Bulgarian:Indo-European reconstruction: moh₁-lo-Page in Pokorny: 724Comments: The question is whether *màlъ can be linked to PIE *melH-, as has been advocated by Varbot, for instance (1972: 63). In view of the acute root vowel, I consider this unlikely: we would have to posit a lengthened grade root of which the acute intonation is analogical after forms with full or zero grade. Thus, I prefer to reconstruct a root *mH₁-, which in the etymon under discussion is followed by an l-suffix (cf. Vaillant IV, 545, where the root is assumed to be identical with the root of Ru. majat', which I reconstruct as *meH₂-). The Germanic forms would have s mobile and zero grade of the root. Notice that Pokorny classifies CS mělъkъ under 1. mel-, melǝ- `zermalmen, schlagen, mahlen etc.', while OCS malъ can be found under mēlo-, smēlo- `kleines Tier'.Other cognates:Gk. μη̃λον `small cattle, goat, sheep' [n] \{1\};OIr. míl `(small) `animal';Notes:\{1\} The Doric form also has η. -
7 mьglà
mьglà; mьgà; miglъ Grammatical information: f. ā; f. ā; m. o Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `mist, haze'Page in Trubačev: XXI 92-94Old Church Slavic:Russian:mglá `mist, haze, darkness' [f ā];Czech:Old Czech:Polish:Upper Sorbian:Serbo-Croatian:màgla `mist, haze' [f ā], mȁglu [Accs];Čak. maglȁ (Novi) `mist, haze' [f ā], maglȕ [Accs], mȁglu;Kajk. mīēglȍ (Bednja) `mist, haze' [f ā], mīēglȕ [Accs] \{1\};mǝgà (dial.) `drizzle' [f ā]Slovene:mǝglà `mist, haze' [f ā], mglè [Gens], mglę̑ [Gens]Bulgarian:măglá `mist, haze' [f ā]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: migláHLithuanian:miglà `mist, haze' [f ā] 2/4;miẽgas `sleep' [m o] 2;mìgti `sleep, fall asleep' [verb]Latvian:mìegs `sleep' [m o]Old Prussian:Indo-European reconstruction: h₃migʰ-leh₂IE meaning: mist, cloudPage in Pokorny: 712Comments: I agree with Mayrhofer (EWAia s.v. meghá-) that we must in principle distinguish PIE. *h₃meiǵʰ- and *h₃meigʰ- (cf. Kern 1894: 106). The former root is present in Lith. mỹžti, Latv. mìzt `urinate', and is, in my opinion, sparsely attested in Slavic. On account of their semantic similarity, the above-mentioned Slavic verbs meaning `to drizzle' are sometimes connected with mỹžti etc. I think that the Slavic etyma listed above show that verbs like *mьžiti are best grouped together with *mьglà. A more complicated issue is the relationship between words meaning `mist, drizzle' (*meigʰ- B `dunkel vor den Augen werden, Nebel, Wolke' in Pokorny) and words meaning `blink, twinkle' (*meigʰ- A `flimmern, blinzeln, micāre'), which I discuss s.v. mȋgъ. Since there is no obvious semantic link between these groups, Trubačëv basically tries to keep them apart, e.g. *mьžiti I `blink, twinkle' vs. *mьžiti II `drizzle' (but Ru.(dial.) mža `doze; drizzle; said about smth. which vanished rapidly' without further distinctions). It is not entirely clear how the meanings `doze, drowsiness' and `swarm (with) `fit in. LSrb. migoriś se `move to and fro, swarm with; drizzle' (Schuster-Šewc 907) is matched by MoDu. (dial.) miggelen (miegelen) `drizzle; swarm with'. Ru.(dial.) mžit' `doze, be delirious' is mentioned by Trubačëv s.v. *mьžiti I, but a connection with *mьžiti I cannot be excluded, cf. SCr. míždati `drizzle, doze', MoHG drisseln `drizzle, doze', drusen `doze', drussig `clouded', Lith. blañdas `sleepiness; cloudiness' (cf. Merkulova 1975: 59). Discussing the origin of the meaning `doze' is essentially the same as establishing the semantic connection between Slavic *mьg- and Lith. miẽgas `sleep', mìgt `sleep, fall asleep', miegóti `sleep' etc. Fraenkel (I 447) considers the meaning of miegóti to have evolved from `close one's eyes' (cf. Kern 1894: 109). This seems plausible indeed. On the other hand, there are parallels for a connection between `sleep' and `cloud', e.g. Av. snaođa- `cloud' vs. Lith. snáusti `doze' or OIr. nél `cloud; swoon, faintness, stupor' (cf. Merkulova 1975: 58-59). As long as there is no evidence for a formal distinction between the roots of *mьglà and *mȋgъ, I think that we must depart from a single root h₃meigʰ-.Other cognates:Skt. meghá- (RV) `cloud, gloomy weather';Skt. míh- (RV, TS) `haze, rain' [f];Notes: -
8 mьgà
mьglà; mьgà; miglъ Grammatical information: f. ā; f. ā; m. o Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `mist, haze'Page in Trubačev: XXI 92-94Old Church Slavic:Russian:mglá `mist, haze, darkness' [f ā];Czech:Old Czech:Polish:Upper Sorbian:Serbo-Croatian:màgla `mist, haze' [f ā], mȁglu [Accs];Čak. maglȁ (Novi) `mist, haze' [f ā], maglȕ [Accs], mȁglu;Kajk. mīēglȍ (Bednja) `mist, haze' [f ā], mīēglȕ [Accs] \{1\};mǝgà (dial.) `drizzle' [f ā]Slovene:mǝglà `mist, haze' [f ā], mglè [Gens], mglę̑ [Gens]Bulgarian:măglá `mist, haze' [f ā]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: migláHLithuanian:miglà `mist, haze' [f ā] 2/4;miẽgas `sleep' [m o] 2;mìgti `sleep, fall asleep' [verb]Latvian:mìegs `sleep' [m o]Old Prussian:Indo-European reconstruction: h₃migʰ-leh₂IE meaning: mist, cloudPage in Pokorny: 712Comments: I agree with Mayrhofer (EWAia s.v. meghá-) that we must in principle distinguish PIE. *h₃meiǵʰ- and *h₃meigʰ- (cf. Kern 1894: 106). The former root is present in Lith. mỹžti, Latv. mìzt `urinate', and is, in my opinion, sparsely attested in Slavic. On account of their semantic similarity, the above-mentioned Slavic verbs meaning `to drizzle' are sometimes connected with mỹžti etc. I think that the Slavic etyma listed above show that verbs like *mьžiti are best grouped together with *mьglà. A more complicated issue is the relationship between words meaning `mist, drizzle' (*meigʰ- B `dunkel vor den Augen werden, Nebel, Wolke' in Pokorny) and words meaning `blink, twinkle' (*meigʰ- A `flimmern, blinzeln, micāre'), which I discuss s.v. mȋgъ. Since there is no obvious semantic link between these groups, Trubačëv basically tries to keep them apart, e.g. *mьžiti I `blink, twinkle' vs. *mьžiti II `drizzle' (but Ru.(dial.) mža `doze; drizzle; said about smth. which vanished rapidly' without further distinctions). It is not entirely clear how the meanings `doze, drowsiness' and `swarm (with) `fit in. LSrb. migoriś se `move to and fro, swarm with; drizzle' (Schuster-Šewc 907) is matched by MoDu. (dial.) miggelen (miegelen) `drizzle; swarm with'. Ru.(dial.) mžit' `doze, be delirious' is mentioned by Trubačëv s.v. *mьžiti I, but a connection with *mьžiti I cannot be excluded, cf. SCr. míždati `drizzle, doze', MoHG drisseln `drizzle, doze', drusen `doze', drussig `clouded', Lith. blañdas `sleepiness; cloudiness' (cf. Merkulova 1975: 59). Discussing the origin of the meaning `doze' is essentially the same as establishing the semantic connection between Slavic *mьg- and Lith. miẽgas `sleep', mìgt `sleep, fall asleep', miegóti `sleep' etc. Fraenkel (I 447) considers the meaning of miegóti to have evolved from `close one's eyes' (cf. Kern 1894: 109). This seems plausible indeed. On the other hand, there are parallels for a connection between `sleep' and `cloud', e.g. Av. snaođa- `cloud' vs. Lith. snáusti `doze' or OIr. nél `cloud; swoon, faintness, stupor' (cf. Merkulova 1975: 58-59). As long as there is no evidence for a formal distinction between the roots of *mьglà and *mȋgъ, I think that we must depart from a single root h₃meigʰ-.Other cognates:Skt. meghá- (RV) `cloud, gloomy weather';Skt. míh- (RV, TS) `haze, rain' [f];Notes: -
9 miglъ
mьglà; mьgà; miglъ Grammatical information: f. ā; f. ā; m. o Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `mist, haze'Page in Trubačev: XXI 92-94Old Church Slavic:Russian:mglá `mist, haze, darkness' [f ā];Czech:Old Czech:Polish:Upper Sorbian:Serbo-Croatian:màgla `mist, haze' [f ā], mȁglu [Accs];Čak. maglȁ (Novi) `mist, haze' [f ā], maglȕ [Accs], mȁglu;Kajk. mīēglȍ (Bednja) `mist, haze' [f ā], mīēglȕ [Accs] \{1\};mǝgà (dial.) `drizzle' [f ā]Slovene:mǝglà `mist, haze' [f ā], mglè [Gens], mglę̑ [Gens]Bulgarian:măglá `mist, haze' [f ā]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: migláHLithuanian:miglà `mist, haze' [f ā] 2/4;miẽgas `sleep' [m o] 2;mìgti `sleep, fall asleep' [verb]Latvian:mìegs `sleep' [m o]Old Prussian:Indo-European reconstruction: h₃migʰ-leh₂IE meaning: mist, cloudPage in Pokorny: 712Comments: I agree with Mayrhofer (EWAia s.v. meghá-) that we must in principle distinguish PIE. *h₃meiǵʰ- and *h₃meigʰ- (cf. Kern 1894: 106). The former root is present in Lith. mỹžti, Latv. mìzt `urinate', and is, in my opinion, sparsely attested in Slavic. On account of their semantic similarity, the above-mentioned Slavic verbs meaning `to drizzle' are sometimes connected with mỹžti etc. I think that the Slavic etyma listed above show that verbs like *mьžiti are best grouped together with *mьglà. A more complicated issue is the relationship between words meaning `mist, drizzle' (*meigʰ- B `dunkel vor den Augen werden, Nebel, Wolke' in Pokorny) and words meaning `blink, twinkle' (*meigʰ- A `flimmern, blinzeln, micāre'), which I discuss s.v. mȋgъ. Since there is no obvious semantic link between these groups, Trubačëv basically tries to keep them apart, e.g. *mьžiti I `blink, twinkle' vs. *mьžiti II `drizzle' (but Ru.(dial.) mža `doze; drizzle; said about smth. which vanished rapidly' without further distinctions). It is not entirely clear how the meanings `doze, drowsiness' and `swarm (with) `fit in. LSrb. migoriś se `move to and fro, swarm with; drizzle' (Schuster-Šewc 907) is matched by MoDu. (dial.) miggelen (miegelen) `drizzle; swarm with'. Ru.(dial.) mžit' `doze, be delirious' is mentioned by Trubačëv s.v. *mьžiti I, but a connection with *mьžiti I cannot be excluded, cf. SCr. míždati `drizzle, doze', MoHG drisseln `drizzle, doze', drusen `doze', drussig `clouded', Lith. blañdas `sleepiness; cloudiness' (cf. Merkulova 1975: 59). Discussing the origin of the meaning `doze' is essentially the same as establishing the semantic connection between Slavic *mьg- and Lith. miẽgas `sleep', mìgt `sleep, fall asleep', miegóti `sleep' etc. Fraenkel (I 447) considers the meaning of miegóti to have evolved from `close one's eyes' (cf. Kern 1894: 109). This seems plausible indeed. On the other hand, there are parallels for a connection between `sleep' and `cloud', e.g. Av. snaođa- `cloud' vs. Lith. snáusti `doze' or OIr. nél `cloud; swoon, faintness, stupor' (cf. Merkulova 1975: 58-59). As long as there is no evidence for a formal distinction between the roots of *mьglà and *mȋgъ, I think that we must depart from a single root h₃meigʰ-.Other cognates:Skt. meghá- (RV) `cloud, gloomy weather';Skt. míh- (RV, TS) `haze, rain' [f];Notes: -
10 ȍlovo
ȍlovo Grammatical information: n. o Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `lead'Page in Trubačev: XXXII 76-77Old Church Slavic:ólovo (Supr.) `lead' [n o]Russian:ólovo `tin' [n o]Old Russian:Czech:Slovak:Polish:oɫów `lead' [m jo];oɫów (obs.) `lead' [m o];Serbo-Croatian:ȍlovo lead' [n o];Čak. ȍlovo (Vrgada) lead' [n o]Slovene:olǫ́v `lead' [m o]Bulgarian:élavo (dial.) `lead' [n o] \{1\}Lithuanian:álvas (DK, Bretk.) `tin' [m o] \{2\}Latvian:al̂va `tin' [f ā];al̂vas `tin' [m o]Old Prussian:alwis (EV) `lead'IE meaning: tin, leadCertainty: -Page in Pokorny: -Comments: Pokorny derives the Balto-Slavic word for `tin, lead' from *al(ǝ)- `white'. This more or less presupposes that the original meaning was `tin' (plumbum album) rather than `lead' (plumbum nigrum). In view of both the formal problems and the sphere to which this word belong it seems preferable to regard it as a borrowing from an unknown language.Notes:\{1\} Forms with *(j)e- are limited to Bulgarian, e.g. MBulg. jelovo, Bulg. (dial.) élavo. In Russian dialects, we find a form lov' (Voronež), which may reflect *olvь. The fact that we do not have *lavь < *olHvi-, as we might have expected on the basis of the Baltic forms, can be explained by assuming that the laryngeal was eliminated according to Meillet's law before the metathesis of liquids. \{2\} It's unclear to me on what grounds the LKŽ assigns AP 1 to this word. To my knowledge, the only accented form is áɫwu Isg. (DK), which points to AP 1 or 3. The Modern Lithuanian form ãlavas is a borrowing from Slavic. -
11 àgnę
àgnę Grammatical information: n. nt Accent paradigm: a Proto-Slavic meaning: `lamb'Page in Trubačev: I 54-55Old Church Slavic:agnę (Zogr., Supr.) `lamb' [n nt]Old Russian:Czech:jehně `lamb' [n nt]Slovak:jahňa `lamb' [n nt]Polish:jagnię `lamb' [n nt]Serbo-Croatian:jȁgne `lamb' [n nt];Čak. jȁńe (Vrgada) `lamb' [n nt], jå̃ńci [Nom p]Slovene:jágnje `lamb' [n nt];ágnje `lamb' [n nt]Bulgarian:ágne `lamb' [n nt];jágne `lamb' [n nt]Indo-European reconstruction: h₂egʷ-n-IE meaning: lambCertainty: +Page in Pokorny: 9Comments: PSl. * agn- < * h₂egʷ-n- (N.B. Winter's law) with the diminutive suffix *-ę < *- ent-, which is common in designations of young animals. Slavic forms without a secondary suffix do not exist.Other cognates:Notes:\{1\} Slavic *agnędъ `black poplar', which Trubačev derives from the word for `lamb', may be related to Greek ἄμνος `chaste-tree'. I tentatively posit a root *h₂eǵ-. -
12 aviti
aviti Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `show'Page in Trubačev: I 94-95Old Church Slavic:Russian:javít' `show, display' [verb], javljú [1sg], jávit [3sg]Czech:Polish:jawić (obs.) `show' [verb]Serbo-Croatian:jáviti `inform' [verb], jȃvīm [1sg];Čak. jå̑vȉti (Vrgada) `inform?' [verb], jå̃viš [2sg];Čak. jāvȉt (Vrgada) `(se) greet, answer' [verb], jãve [3sg]Slovene:jáviti `announce' [verb], jávim [1sg]Lithuanian:Page in Pokorny: 78Notes:\{1\} Lith. (arch.) ovytis `appear' derives from the i-stem which must underlie ovyje `in reality'. Fraenkel (I: 519) claims that ovytis `appear; rage' and Latv. âvîtiês `talk nonsense, get up to mischief' are inherited words cognate with óvaidas (< *avi-vaidas) `rowdy, braggart', while Lith. jė́vaidas (< *jeva-vaidas) `ghost' and Latv. jàvîtiês or jâvîtiês `to behave like an idiot' are borrowings from Slavic (see also Anikin: 22). I am not convinced that this solution, which seems to rely exclusively on the presence or absence of j-, is correct. Moreover, it is not obvious that ovytis `appear' and ovytis (also jõvytis) `rage' are cognates. It seems quite possible that Lith. óvaidas must be connected with Ukr. (dial.) jávida `devil', Ru. (dial.) jávidь `snake'. -
13 bàjati
bàjati Grammatical information: v. Accent paradigm: a Proto-Slavic meaning: `tell'Page in Trubačev: I 138-139, 161-162Church Slavic:Russian:Ukrainian:bájati `tell, narrate, practise sorcery' [verb]Czech:Old Czech:báti `speak, invent' [verb]Polish:bajać `narrate (fables, fairy-tales)' [verb]Upper Sorbian:bać `narrate (fables, fairy-tales)' [verb]Serbo-Croatian:bȁjati `practise sorcery, exorcize' [verb]Slovene:bájati `talk idly, prophesy, practise sorcery' [verb], bájam [1sg], bájem [1sg]Bulgarian:bája `talk about, say magic chants' [verb]Indo-European reconstruction: bʰeh₂-IE meaning: speakPage in Pokorny: 105Other cognates:Dor. φα̑μί `say' [verb];Notes:\{1\} Lith. bóti `draw attention to', which has an older variant dbóti, is a borrowing from Slavic, cf. Pl. dbać `(take) care' (Fraenkel I: 53). According to LIV (181), OE bō(ia)n might continue *ǵʰu̯eH- `call', which seems dubious. -
14 berstъ
berstъ Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: b/c Proto-Slavic meaning: `elm'Page in Trubačev: I 199-200Russian:bérest `elm' [m o], béresta [Gens] \{1\}Belorussian:bérast `elm' [m o], bérasta [Gens]Ukrainian:bérest `elm' [m o], béresta [Gens]Czech:břest `elm' [m o]Slovak:Polish:brzóst (dial.) `elm' [m o]Serbo-Croatian:brȉjest `elm' [m o], brijèsta [Gens];Čak. brĩst (Vrgada) `a herb similar to rosemary' [m o], brīstȁ [Gens];brést (Novi) `elm' [m o], brēstȁ [Gens];Čak. briȇs (Orbanići) `elm' [m o], brȅsta [Gens]Slovene:brẹ́st `elm' [m o]Bulgarian:Comments: If we assume that * berstъ is cognate with -> *bèrza, which has an acute root, we must explain the variant belonging AP (b). In my view, a form bʰerHǵ-tó- (admittedly with slightly unexpected end-stress) would remain oxytone in Balto-Slavic, in which case the root would be affected by the Proto-Slavic loss of pretonic laryngeals. As I consider it possible that the generalization of accentual mobility in masculine o-stems with a non-acute root vowel did not apply to the marginal class of Balto-Slavic oxytona, Illič-Svityč's reconstruction of a substantivized neuter adjective is not necessarily correct.Other cognates:Notes:\{1\} Illič-Svityč (1963: 52), mentions a Gsg. berestá (dial.). -
15 bě̄dà
bě̄dà Grammatical information: f. ā Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `need, poverty, misery'Page in Trubačev: II 54-56Old Church Slavic:běda `distress, need, necessity' [f ā]Russian:bedá `misfortune, trouble' [f ā]Czech:bída `poverty, misery' [f ā];běda `woe!' [interj]Slovak:Polish:Old Polish:Upper Sorbian:běda `grief, woe, misery' [f ā]Lower Sorbian:běda `grief, pain' [f ā]Serbo-Croatian:bijèda `grief, misfortune' [f ā]Slovene:bẹ́da `misery' [f ā]Bulgarian:bedá `misfortune, misery' [f ā]IE meaning: forceCertainty: +Page in Pokorny: 117Comments: According to Būga (RR I: 345-346), Lith. bėdà 4 `misfortune, trouble, guilt' is probably not a borrowing from Slavic because it has ė instead of the expected ie (cf. biẽdnas `poor'). Indeed, there seems to be no obvious reason why bėdà and Latv. bę̀da `sorrow, grief, distress' should not be old. These words could be connected with bãdas `hunger' and Skt. bā́dhate `oppress' (Būga l.c., Derksen 1996: 258). However, a dilemma arises if we consider that Slavic běditi `force, persuade' cannot be separated from Go. baidjan `force'. We must either declare the Baltic forms borrowings or assume that in Slavic *běd- < *bhoidh- and *běd- < *bʰēdʰ- were contaminated (cf. Anikin 1998: 39). In the latter case OCS běda `distress' and `necessity' would continue different roots. This is a possibility which cannot be excluded. The hypothesis that Lith. baidýti `to scare' < *bʰiH- `to fear' is cognate with *bē̌dà and *běditi (cf. Trubačëv II: 55-56) must be rejected, if only on formal grounds.Other cognates:Alb. be `oath' [f] \{2\}Notes:\{1\} The vocalism of Modern Polish bieda `id.' is of Mazowian origin, cf. biada `woe!'. \{2\} According to Būga (RR I: 345-346), Lith. bėdà 4 `misfortune, trouble, guilt' is probably not a borrowing from Slavic because it has ė instead of the expected ie (cf. biẽdnas `poor'). Indeed, there seems to be no obvious reason why bėdà and Latv. bę̀da `sorrow, grief, distress' should not be old. These words could be connected with bãdas `hunger' and Skt. bā́dhate `oppress' (Būga l.c., Derksen 1996: 258). However, a dilemma arises if we consider that Slavic běditi `force, persuade' cannot be separated from Go. baidjan `force'. We must either declare the Baltic forms borrowings or assume that in Slavic *běd- < *bhoidh- and *běd- < *bʰēdʰ- were contaminated (cf. Anikin 1998: 39). In the latter case OCS běda `distress' and `necessity' would continue different roots. This is a possibility which cannot be excluded. The hypothesis that Lith. baidýti `to scare' < *bʰiH- `to fear' is cognate with *bē̌dà and *běditi (cf. Trubačëv II: 55-56) must be rejected, if only on formal grounds. \{3\} Demiraj prefers *bʰeidʰ-i-s to an ā-stem (1997: 94). -
16 blǫ̑dъ
blǫ̑dъ Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `delusion'Page in Trubačev: II 126-127Old Church Slavic:blǫdъ `debauchery, depravity, adultery' [m o]Russian:Czech:Slovak:Polish:bɫąd `mistake, delusion' [m o], bɫędu [Gens]Serbo-Croatian:blȗd `mistake, delusion, lechery, adultery' [m o]Slovene:blǫ̑d `mistake, delusion, voluptuousness' [m o]Bulgarian:Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: blondosLithuanian:blañdas `cloudiness, obscuration of mind or eyesight, drowsiness' [m o];blandà `fog' [f ā] 4;blandùs `dim, cloudy, thick (soup)' [adj u]Latvian:Page in Pokorny: 157Comments: Deverbative o-stem with o-grade in the root of *bʰlend-. Skt. bradhná- (RV+) `pale ruddy, yellowish, bay' [adj], which has been assumed to be cogtyy o- rather belongs together with * bronъ.Other cognates:Notes:\{1\} According to Verweij (1994: 52), the originally long root vowel of Cz. bloud may be a vestige of the accent paradigm to which *blǫdъ belonged prior to the operation of Illič-Svityč's law. -
17 bỳstrъ
bỳstrъ Grammatical information: adj. o Accent paradigm: a Proto-Slavic meaning: `quick'Page in Trubačev: III 153-154Old Church Slavic:Russian:býstryj `quick' [adj o]Czech:bystrý `quick, sharp-witted' [adj o]Slovak:bystrý `quick, sharp-witted' [adj o]Polish:Serbo-Croatian:bȉstar `clear, transparent, quick' [adj o]Slovene:bístǝr `quick, vivacious, transparent' [adj o]Bulgarian:bístăr `clear, transparent' [adj o]Page in Pokorny: 146Comments: Attempts have been made to connect *bỳstrъ with -> bъ̀drъ `cheerful, lively', which derives from PIE * bʰudʰ-. This etymology fails to provide an explanation for the acute *y, however. We could assume that the root is simply * by- `be', but in that case the origin of the the suffix would be unclear. In my opinion, it is not unattractive to assume a connection with Skt. bhū́ṣati `support, be active for assume, strengthen', the root of which is probably an s-enlargement of * bʰu- `be'. -
18 dòlnь
dòlnь Grammatical information: f. i Accent paradigm: a Proto-Slavic meaning: `palm of the hand'Page in Trubačev: V 63-64Old Church Slavic:Russian:ladón' `palm of the hand' [f i];dolón' (dial.) `palm of the hand' [f i]Czech:dlaň `palm of the hand' [f i]Slovak:dlaň `palm of the hand' [f i]Polish:dɫoń `palm of the hand' [f i]Serbo-Croatian:dlȁn `palm of the hand' [m o];Čak. dlå̃n (Vrgada) `palm of the hand' [m o], dlȁna [Gens];Čak. dlán (Vrgada) `palm of the hand' [m o], dlȁna [Gens];Čak. dlȃn (Orbanići) `palm (of the hand)' [f i], dlȃni [Gens]Slovene:dlàn `palm of the hand' [f i], dlanȋ [Gens]Bulgarian:Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: dolʔn-; delʔn-Lithuanian:délna `palm of the hand' [f ā];délnas `palm of the hand' [m o]Latvian:dęl̃na `palm of the hand' [f ā]Comments: We are apparently dealing with a Balto-Slavic root * delʔ-, the origin of which is unclear. Pokorny suggests that there is a connection with Lith. dìlti `rub off, wear out' (`flatten' -> `flat of the hand'), which seems far-fetched. -
19 dьrba
dьrba Grammatical information: f. āPage in Trubačev: V 219Russian:derbá (dial.) `new ploughed field, of which the hardened top layer has been removed;virgin land, fallow land which has been ploughed up anew, overgrown fallow land' [f ā]Ukrainian:dérba `turf' [f ā]Indo-European reconstruction: drbʰ-eh₂Other cognates: -
20 ȅsenь
ȅsenь Grammatical information: f. i Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `autumn'Page in Trubačev: VI 28-29Church Slavic:Russian:ósen' `autumn' [f i];jésen' (Rjaz.) `autumn' [f i]Ukrainian:ósin' `autumn' [f i]Slovak:jeseň `autumn' [f i]Polish:jesień `autumn' [f i]Serbo-Croatian:jȅsēn `autumn' [f i];Čak. jȅsēn (Vrgada) `autumn' [f i];Čak. jȅsēn (Novi) `autumn' [f i];Čak. jȅsen (Orbanići) `autumn' [nd]Slovene:jesę́n `autumn' [f i]Bulgarian:jésen `autumn' [f i]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: es-eni-Old Prussian:assanis `autumn'IE meaning: summer, autumnCertainty: +Page in Pokorny: 340Comments: If the root is indeed PIE *h₁s `to be', which would lead to a reconstruction *h₁os-en-, the e- of the Slavic forms as opposed to the *o- elsewhere (Old Prussian being inconclusive) may be an instance of ablaut or a result of "Rozwadowski's change".Other cognates:Notes:The e- of the Slavic forms as opposed to the *o- elsewhere (Old Prussian being unclear) may be an instance of ablaut or a result of "Rozwadowski's change", but it must be said that the etymology is unclear. The Greek forms may reflect *οσαρᾱ, which would point to an r/n-stem.
См. также в других словарях:
Which — Which, pron. [OE. which, whilk, AS. hwilc, hwylc, hwelc, from the root of hw[=a] who + l[=i]c body; hence properly, of what sort or kind; akin to OS. hwilik which, OFries. hwelik, D. welk, G. welch, OHG. wel[=i]h, hwel[=i]h, Icel. hv[=i]l[=i]kr,… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Which — which Unix утилита, отображающая полный путь к указанным командам или сценариям. Содержание 1 Описание 2 Опции 3 Пример использования … Википедия
Which — Voir « which » sur le Wiktionnaire … Wikipédia en Français
Which — is an English relative pronoun and interrogative pronoun.Which may also refer to: *Which?, a UK charity and its magazine *which (Unix), a Unix command See also * English relative clauses, for discussion of when to use which and when to use that… … Wikipedia
Which? — Infobox Magazine title = Which? image size = image caption = frequency = Monthly category = Consumer publisher = Which? firstdate = October 1957 country = flagcountry|United Kingdom language = English website = [http://www.which.co.uk… … Wikipedia
which — /hwich, wich/, pron. 1. what one?: Which of these do you want? Which do you want? 2. whichever: Choose which appeals to you. 3. (used relatively in restrictive and nonrestrictive clauses to represent a specified antecedent): The book, which I… … Universalium
which — I. adjective Etymology: Middle English, of what kind, which, from Old English hwilc; akin to Old High German wilīh of what kind, which, Old English hwā who, gelīk like more at who, like Date: before 12th century 1. being what one or ones out of a … New Collegiate Dictionary
which's — pronoun a) Of which; alternative to inanimate sense of “whose” If the previous request (which’s response was generated by the jsp) set a cookie on the client mdash;[ … Wiktionary
Which? — a magazine produced each month by the Consumers’ Association in Britain. It consists of reports comparing different makes of similar products and services, to help people to decide which one to buy. It is only available to members of the… … Universalium
which — 1. pronoun /ʍɪʧ,wɪʧ,ʍɪʧ/ Who; whom; what (of those mentioned or implied) He walked by a door with a sign which read: PRIVATE OFFICE. 2. noun /ʍɪʧ,wɪʧ,ʍɪʧ/ An occurrence of the word which. The ofs and the whiches have thrown our prose into a… … Wiktionary
which — See: GAME AT WHICH TWO CAN PLAY … Dictionary of American idioms