vulgari

cōnsuētūdo, inis, f. (consuesco), die Beigewöhnung, I) an eine Sache, die Gewöhnung, angenommene Gewohnheit, das gewohnte, herkömmliche Verfahren, das Herkommen, der Brauch (Gebrauch), die Observanz, sowohl im Privatleben als im öffentlichen Leben (vgl. mos), a) übh. (oft verb. c. et exercitatio od. exercitatioque u. c. ac mos, mos consuetudoque, c. institutumque, c. et disciplina), absol., od. m. Ang. dessen, der die Gewohnheit hat, im Genet. od. durch Adi., od. m. Ang. der Sache, bei der die G. herrscht, im Genet. subst. od. Gerundii, consuetudo exercitatioque facilitatem maxime parit, Quint.: haec consuetudo iam naturae vim obtinet propter vetustatem, Cic.: mihi bene facere iam ex consuetudine in naturam vertit, Sall.: depravatio consuetudinis, Sall.: ius consuetudinis, das Recht der Observanz, das Gewohnheitsrecht, Cic. – m. Genet., c. populi Romani, Caes.: c. Graecorum, Cic.: c. maiorum, Cic.: c. medicorum, Cic.: c. vitae, teils = Herkommen des L. übh., teils = Lebensweise, Cic. (vgl. cotidianae vitae c., Ter., u. unten no. b, α): c. victus, Lebensweise, Cic. (vgl. no. II, a): c. sermonis nostri, unser Sprachgebrauch, Cic. (vgl. unten no. b, β): c. fori et pristinus mos iudiciorum, Cic. – c. oculorum, gewohnter, wiederholter Anblick, Cic. – una pars et c. earum epistularum, quibus secundis rebus uti solebamus, die eine

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gewohnte (scherzh.) Art, Cic. – c. incommodorum, G. an usw., Cic. – c. vivendi, Lebensweise, Quint.: male vivendi, Lact.: peccandi, Cic.: dicendi, scribendi, loquendi, Cic. u. Quint. – c. antiqua, Suet.: assidua, Quint.: quaedam barbara c., Caes.: c. bona (Ggstz. c. mala), Cic. u. (Ggstz. melior) Varr. LL. – mos consuetudoque civilis, die Sitte u. die herkömmlichen bürgerlichen Formen, Cic. – vita hominum consuetudoque communis, allgemeine Observanz, Cic.: communis vitae c., das gewöhnliche, gemeine Leben (vgl. communis vita et vulgaris hominum c.), Cic.: communis c. sermonis od. loquendi, der gewöhnliche, gemeine Sprachgebrauch, Cic. u. Quint.: c. diuturna, Cic.: illa immanis ac barbara c. hominum immolandorum, Cic.: c. longa, Quint.: c. regia, Brauch (Verwaltung) unter den Königen, Eutr.: mea vitae perpetua c., Cic.: c. pessuma, Quint.: c. usitata, Gewohnheitsrecht, Quint.: c. vetus, Cic.: c. vulgaris, Cic. – abhorrere a consuetudine communis sensus (v. der herkömmlichen Denkweise), Cic.: adducere alqm od. se in eam consuetudinem, ut etc., jmd. od. sich so gewöhnen, daß usw., Nep. u. Caes. (vgl. ad quam nos consuetudinem a familiaribus nostris adducti, Cic.): sic alitur c. perditarum contionum, Cic.: hanc consuetudinem libenter ascivimus, Cic.: assimulare castrorum consuetudinem, Nep. – ab omnium Siculorum consuetudine discedere, Cic.: plerumque autem

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parentum praeceptis imbuti ad eorum consuetudinem moremque deducimur, Cic. – est consuetudo Siculorum ceterorumque Graecorum, ut etc., Cic.: doctorum est ista consuetudo eaque Graecorum, ut etc., Cic.: populi Romani hanc esse consuetudinem, ut etc., Caes.: est hoc Gallicae consuetudinis, ut etc., Caes.: non est meae consuetudinis rationem reddere, qua de causa etc., Cic.: non esse consuetudinem populi Romani accipere ab hoste armato condicionem, Caes.: quod antea in consuetudine fuerit bonorum, Cic.: ut est c., wie es Gebrauch (Rechtsgebrauch, Observanz) ist, Cic.: ut barbarorum fere consuetudo est, Hirt. b. G.: ut fert Gallica c., Caes.: maiore strepitu et tumultu, quam populi Romani fert c., castra moveri iubet, Caes. – sin consuetudinem meam, quam in re publica habui, tenuero, Cic. – haec consuetudo, quae increbruit, Cic.: alqm in suam rationem consuetudinemque inducere, Cic.: in adeundis periculis consuetudinem imitari medicorum, Cic.: consuetudinem aestimationis introducere, Cic.: hanc consuetudinem inveterascere nolle, Caes.: sensim hanc consuetudinem et disciplinam minuere (abnehmen lassen), post vero Sullae victoriam penitus amittere (gänzlich verloren gehen lassen od. aufgeben), Cic.: mutare consuetudinem dicendi, Cic.: eius rei nonnullam consuetudinem nancisci, Cic.: obdurescere alcis rei consuetudine, Cic.: recedere a consuetudine vulgari, ab usitata con-

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suetudine, a iucundissima consuetudine, Quint. u. Cic.: longo intervallo veterem consuetudinem referre, Cic.: longo intervallo hanc consuetudinem maiorum repetere ac referre, Cic.: consuetudinem suam in civibus conservandis retinere, Lentul. in Cic. ep.: cenarum rectarum consuetudinem revocare, Suet.: senatum ad pristinam virtutem consuetudinemque revocare, Cic.: consuetudinem sequens, gewohnheitsmäßig, Gell.: si paulatim haec consuetudo serpere ac prodire coeperit, Cic.: suam consuetudinem in patrociniis tuendis servare, Vatin. in Cic. ep.: in iudicio non morem consuetudinemque servare, Cic.: tenere consuetudinem suam od. consuetudinem a Socrate traditam, Cic.: consuetudine eā inter se quam saepissime uti, Cic.: vetere in nova (fabula) uti consuetudine, Ter. – tenuit (erhält sich) consuetudo, ut etc., Quint. 2, 1, 1: vetus consuetudo tenuit, ut etc., Veget. mil. 2, 8, 8. – in consuetudinem venire, teils v. Dingen = zur Gew. werden, zB. quod iam in c. venit, Cic.: quod a nostris hominibus saepissime usurpatum iam in proverbii c. venit, Cic.; teils v. Pers. = die Gew. annehmen, zB. in c. Alexandrinae vitae licentiaeque v., Caes.: in eam iam benignitatis c. venisse, ut etc., Cic.: paulatim in c. eius regni occupandi venisse, Auct. b. Alex. – frequens et assidua nobis contentio iam prope in consuetudinem vertit, wurde uns zur G., Tac. dial.: in consuetudinem vertit (es wurde Gebrauch), ut con-

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sules suo quoque nomine quantum principi debeant profiteantur, Plin. pan. – m. Praepp. od. im bl. Abl. als Adverbial-Ausdr., ad consuetudinem Graecorum, nach der G. der Gr. (zB. disputare), Cic.: ad nostram consuetudinem, Nep.: ex consuetudine, Sall.: ex consuetudine sua, Caes.: u. bl. consuetudine, Cic.: consuetudine suā, Caes.: consuetudine populi Romani, Caes.: quādam barbarā consuetudine, Caes.: vetere ac iam pridem receptā populi Rom. consuetudine, Tac.: consuetudine peccandi liberā, Cic.: pro mea consuetudine, Cic.: praeter consuetudinem, Cic.: praeter consuetudinem ac morem maiorum, Suet.: extra consuetudinem, Caes.: contra consuetudinem, Hirt. b. G. u. Sen. (vgl. si quid contra morem consuetudinemque civilem fecerint, Cic.): supra consuetudinem, Cels.

b) insbes.: α) die Gewöhnung = die (gewohnte) Lebensweise (vollst. c. vitae, victus u. dgl., s. oben no. a), imago consuetudinis atque vitae (öffentl. Wirksamkeit) Epaminondae, Nep.: deflectere a pristina consuetudine, Phaedr.: ad superiorem consuetudinem reverti, Cic.: longinquā malā consuetudine aegrum traducere in meliorem, Varr. LL.: neque vino neque consuetudine reliquā abstinere, Suet.: imitari Persarum consuetudinem, Nep. – β) die gewöhnliche Ausdrucksweise, der (herrschende) Sprachgebrauch (vollst. c. sermonis, loquendi, s. oben no. a), c. recta (Ggstz. c., quae depravata est), Varr. LL.: c. indocta,

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der Spr. ohne gelehrte Bildung, Cic.: c. saeculi, Sen.: consuetudinem vitiosam et corruptam purā et incorruptā consuetudine emendare, Cic.: consuetudinem imitari, Cic.: uti pravissimā consuetudinis regulā, Cic.: in consuetudinem nostram non caderet, würde mit unserem Spr. nicht übereinstimmen, Cic. – dah. meton., eine bestimmte Sprache, c. Latina, nostra, Col.: c. Graeca, Col. – γ) die gewöhnliche Annahme, omnia quae in consuetudine probantur, nach der gew. Annahme (im gewöhnlichen Leben) als ausgemacht gilt, Cic. Acad. 2, 75: ideo (aquilam) armigeram Iovis consuetudo iudicat, Plin. 10, 15.

II) die Beigewöhnung an eine Person od. ein persönl. Verhältnis, der gesellige Umgang, der gesellige Verhältnis, die Geselligheit, a) übh. (vollst. c. victus; verb. consuetudo ac familiaritas, domesticus usus et c. u. dgl.), c. multa et iucunda, Cic.: c. iucundissima, Cic.: longinqua, Caes.: c. paucorum dierum, Cic.: c. superiorum annorum, Caes.: c. nutrimentorum (der ersten Jugendjahre), Suet.: c. legationis (des Legaten mit dem Feldherrn), Hirt. b. G.: mihi non ignota in consuetudine et familiaritate suavitas tua, Cic.: inductus consuetudine ac familiaritate, Cic. – dare se in consuetudinem sic prorsus, ut etc., Cic.: devincire alqm consuetudine suā sic, ut etc., Nep.: cum Metellis erat ei non modo hospitium, verum etiam domesticus usus et consuetudo, Cic.: Atticus noster maiorem mihi

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cum Cassinio consuetudinem fecit, Cic.: insinuare in consuetudinem alcis, Cic.: immergere se blanditiis et assentationibus penitus in consuetudinem alcis, Cic.: intermittere consuetudinem, Cic.: permanere in eadem amicitiae consuetudine, Cic.: revocare alqm in consuetudinem pristinam, Cic.: postea prorsus ab instituta nostra paucorum dierum consuetudine longe refugit, seitdem hat er den zwischen uns in den wenigen Tagen eingeleiteten Verkehr völlig abgebrochen, Cic.: ut eos consuetudine adhibitā (bei fortgesetztem Umgang) facile internosceremus, Cic. – im Plur., nostri amores mores consuetudines, Plaut.: amicitiae, consuetudines, vicinitates, clientelae, Cic.: consuetudines victus non possunt esse cum multis, Cic.: consuetudines, amicitias, res rationesque iungere cum alqo, Cic. – b) insbes., der zärtliche, vertraute Umgang der Eheleute, Octaviae consuetudinem cito aspernari, Suet. Ner. 35, 1: Agrippinae consuetudine teneri, sehr an der A. hängen, Suet. Tib. 7, 2. – u. das zärtliche Verhältnis der Liebenden, gew. im unedlen Sinne = das Liebesverhältnis, c. parva, Ter.: c. eius, Ter.: turpis dominae consuetudo cum servo, turpis domino cum ancilla, Quint.: huic (libertinae) consuetudo cum Aebutio fuit, Liv.: erat ei cum Fulvia stupri vetus consuetudo, Sall.: stupri consuetudinem facere cum alqo, Suet.: consuetudinem habere cum fratris uxore, Suet.

con-tendo, tendī, tentum, ere, anspannen, I) eig.: a) übh.: muscipula, aufstellen, Lucil. fr.: tenacia vincla, Verg.: arcum, spannen, Verg. u.a.: ballistas lapidum et reliqua tormenta telorum c. atque adducere vehementer, Cic. – c. oculos, Comic. inc. fr.: sua perpetuo c. ilia risu, ausdehnen, Ov.: u. so membrum in diversa (nach verschiedenen Richtungen hin), Cels. – b) prägn.: α) ein Saiten-instrument anspannend stimmen, ut in fidibus plurimis si nulla earum ita contenta nervis sit, ut concentum servare possit, omnes aeque incontentae sint, sic etc., Cic. de fin. 4, 75. – β) ein Geschoß mit straff angezogenem Bogen od. Arme auf den Gegner hinrichten, zielen, arcu contenta parato tela tenens, Verg.: contenta tela (Ggstz. languida), Lucan.: sagittas c. nervo, Sil.: nervo equino c. telum, Verg. – aërias telum (Pfeil) c. in auras, Verg.: Mago (auf M.) procul infensam c. hastam, Verg. – γ) eine Brücke schlagen, Hellesponto pontem in alto, Enn. ann. 371.

II) übtr.: A) im allg.: seine körperl. od. geistigen Kräfte od. sich anspannen, d.i. anstrengen 1) die Körperkräfte, a) übh.: α) tr.: c. summas vires de palma (um den (Siegespreis, v. Rosse), Lucr.: c. se (v. den Augen), Lucr. – β) intr. contendere = sich anstrengen, seine Kräfte aufbieten, gew. m. Abl. (mit), voce, Cels.: lateribus aut clamore, Cic.: multis funi-

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bus, Caes.: vi, Gewalt anwenden, es (den Übergang) erzwingen, Caes.: u. m. allg. Acc., quantum coniti animo potes, quantum labore contendere, si discendi labor (eine körperliche Anstrengung) est potius, quam voluptas, tantum fac ut efficias, Cic. – mit folg. ut u. Konj., qui stadium currit, eniti et contendere debet quam maxime possit, ut vincat, Cic.: quantum potero voce contendam, ut populus hoc Romanus exaudiat, Cic.: remis contendit, ut eam partem insulae caperet, quā etc., Caes. – m. folg. Infin., fugā salutem petere contenderunt, Caes.: hunc (locum) duabus ex partibus oppugnare contendit, Caes.: vide ne, dum ad cacumen pervenire contendis, cum ipsis ramis, quos comprehenderis, decĭdas, Curt.

b) sich anstrengen, einen Weg, Marsch wohin auszuführen, m. allg. Acc. der Wegstrecke, nocte unā tantum itineris, Cic. Rosc. Am. 97: tandem, si operae est, contendite viam, macht euch auf den Weg, Symm. ep. 1, 8 in. – m. Acc. der Tätigkeit, rectā plateā c. cursum huc suom, Plaut. cist. 534. – m. Ang. des Ziels der Tätigkeit im Infin., sich beeilen, Bibracte ire contendit, Caes.: in Britanniam proficisci contendit, Caes.: proxima litora cursu contendunt petere, Verg.: iter a Vibone Brundisium terrā (zu L.) petere contendi, Cic. – m. Ang. des Ortszieles wohin? durch Advv., od. durch Praepp., od. durch bl. Acc. loc., wohin schleunigst aufbrechen, -reisen, -mar-

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schieren, -rücken (vorrücken), wohin eilen, quo contenderat, pervenit, Nep.: u. (im Bilde) si potuissemus, quo contendimus, pervenire, Cic.: huc magno cursu contenderunt, Caes.: in Italiam magnis itineribus, Caes.: ad Rhenum finesque Germanorum, Caes.: inde ad Amanum, Cic.: ad hostes, ad hostium castra, Caes.: per Armeniam in hostes, Aur. Vict.: per fines Haeduorum in Lingones, Caes.: Lacedaemonem, Nep.: equo admisso Teanum, Val. Max.: Tarentum ad Heraclidem Ponticum, Varr. fr.: domum, Caes.

2) die Geisteskräfte usw. anstrengen, a) übh.: α) tr.: quo se contendit dira lubido, Lucr.: c. animum tales in curas, Ov. – m. in u. Abl., onus dignum, in quo omnes nervos aetatis industriaeque meae contenderem, Cic. – mit folg. ut od. ne u. Konj., contendit omnes nervos Chrysippus, ut persuadeat etc., Cic.: ut omnes tuos nervos in eo contendas, ne quid mihi ad hanc provinciam... temporis prorogetur, Cic. – β) intr. contendere, sich anstrengen, Anstrengungen machen, seine Kräfte aufbieten, etw. erstreben, auf etw. hinarbeiten, nach etw. ringen, absol., et illos quidem contendere, eniti; hos quiescere, remitti, Plin. ep.: c. dolis et fallaciis (Ggstz. verā viā niti), Sall. – m. allg. Acc., id sibi contendendum... existimabat, Caes.: quod plurimis locis perorationes nostrae voluisse nos atque animo contendisse declarant, Cic.: tantum contendere in re publica, quantum probare civi-

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bus tuis possis, Cic.: eadem c. (gleiche Anstr. machen) in tribunatu, Cic. – m. folg. ut od. ne u. Konj., seine Kräfte aufbieten, dahin streben, darauf hinarbeiten, ob eam causam contendi, ut plura dicerem, Cic.: contende quaeso atque elabora, non modo ut... sed etiam ut etc., Cic.: cupidissime c., ut etc., Cic.: contendebat, ne a rebus gestis eius decederet, Iustin. – durch Infin., omnibus precibus petere contendit, ut etc., Caes. – m. ad u. Akk., losstreben auf usw., eifrig streben, -ringen nach usw., ad salutem, Caes.: ad victoriam, Auct. b. Hisp.: maximis laboribus et periculis ad summam laudem gloriamque, Cic.: ad ultimum animo, Cic.: ad ea rectis studiis, Cic.

b) sich anstrengen, etw. zu erlangen, auf etw. bestehen, auf etw. dringen, etwas dringend verlangen, dringend um etw. anliegen, α) absol.: a quo facile, si contenderis, impetrare possis, ut etc., Q. Cic.: cum illi pertinaciter contenderent (darauf bestanden), Suet. – β) mit Acc.: c. honores, Varr. fr.: neque ego nunc hoc contendo...; sed te illud admoneo, ut etc., Cic. – hoc a te ita contendo, ut in eo fortunas meas positas putem, ich dringe in dieser Beziehung so ernstlich in dich, weil ich glaube, daß usw., Cic.: non erat causa, cur hoc tempore aliquid a te contenderem, Cic.: nihil ab ipso invito contendere, Cic. – propter magnitudinem potestatis hic magistratus a populo summā ambitione contenditur etc., Cic. – γ) mit

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de u. Abl.: ab alqo valde de reditu in gratiam, Cic.: a magistris de proferendo die, Cic.: unum instare de indutiis vehementissimeque contendere, Caes. – δ) m. folg. ut od. ne u. Konj., m. vorhergeh. allg. Acc. Pron. u. ohne diesen: non minus se id contendere et laborare, ne ea, quae dixissent, enuntiarentur, quam uti ea, quae vellent, impetrarent, Caes.: contendunt, ut ipsis summa imperii tradatur, Caes.: gratiā contendimus et rogando, ut istis te molestiis laxes, Luccei. in Cic. ep.: contendit a Pythio ut venderet, dringt in P., Cic.: vehementer ab alqo c., ut etc., Cic.: plurimis verbis ab alqo c., ut etc., Cic.: omni studio ab aliquo c., ut etc., Cic.: ab alqo petere et summe c., ut etc., Cic.: omni opere c., ut etc., Suet.: a militibus c., ne etc., Caes.: magno opere, ne etc., Suet. – ε) mit folg. Infin. nach vorhergeh. allg. Acc. Pron.: neque ego nunc hoc contendo, quod fortasse... iam in nostra aetate difficile est, mutare animum, sed etc., Cic. ad Q. fr. 1, 1, 13. § 38. – ζ) m. folg. Acc. u. Infin.: qui a Caesare dimittendos (esse) exercitus contendebant, Vell. 2, 48, 1.

c) sich anstrengen, eine Behauptung durchzusetzen, auf etw. bestehen, etw. fest behaupten, fest versichern, fest erklären, m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., bei vorhergeh. allg. Acc. u. ohne diesen, sic ego hoc contendo, me tibi ipsi adversario cuiuscumque tribus rationem poposceris redditurum, Cic.: vociferarer et

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quantum maxime possem contenderem... totius testimonii fictam audaciam manifesto comprehensam atque oppressam esse, Cic.: contendentes numquam eam urbem fuisse ex Triphylia, Liv.: cum M. Cato moriendum ante, quam ullam condicionem civis accipiendam rei publicae contenderet, Vell.: ausim contendere nullum te melius, aeque bene vix unum aut alterum collocasse, Plin. ep. – m. apud u. Akk., apud eos contendit falsa esse delata, Nep. Them. 7, 2. – m. pro u. Abl., illud alterum pro me maioribusque meis contendere ausim, nihil nos, quod incommodum plebi esset, scientes fecisse, Liv. 6, 40, 5. – in der Parenthese ganz absol., ut Asclepiades contendit, Cels. 1. praef. p. 3, 28 D.

3) (als v. intr.) sich ausdehnen, sich erstrecken, von Ortl. usw., haec patulum vallis contendit in orbem, Calp. ecl. 7, 30 (al. concedit): Cappadocum gens usque ad Cyrresticam eius regionem parte suā, quae vocatur Cataonia, contendit, Plin. 6, 24.

B) insbes., einem andern gegenüber sich anstrengen, 1) intr. od. mit allg. Acc. = als Gegner sich jmdm. gegenüber anstrengen obzusiegen, mit jmd. sich messen, sich in einen Streit (Wettstreit) einlassen, anbinden, streiten (sich herumstreiten), kämpfen, gegen jmd. od. etw. ankämpfen, bei Ang. womit? mit Abl.; bei Ang. mit wem? m. cum u. Abl., od. m. inter u. Akk., od. poet. m. bl. Dat.; bei Ang.

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gegen wen? mit contra od. adversus u. Akk.; bei Ang. wofür? m. pro u. Abl.; bei Ang. worüber? m. de u. Abl.; bei Ang. weswegen? m. propter u. Akk., a) v. eig. Kampfe, inimicā mente, Nep.: magis virtute quam dolo, Caes.: proelio, Caes. – cum barbaro, Nep.: cum victore, Hor. u. Caes., v. Gladiator, Plin. ep.: proelio uno cum Latino Volscoque, Liv.: parvulis proeliis cum nostris, Caes.: semel atque iterum armis cum alqo, Caes.: summis copiis cum alqo, Caes.: cum magnis legionibus parvā manu, Sall.: cum Sequanis bello, Caes.: u. (unpers.) proelio equestri inter duas acies contendebatur, Caes. – c. contra alcis copias, Auct. b. Afr.: contra Paridem, Verg.: contra populum Rom. armis, Caes.: contra saevum monstrum, Catull. – se didicisse adversus vires hostium, non adversus calamitates contendere, Iustin. – c. pro vitulis contra leones (v. Stieren), Cic. – c. de regno aequo Marte, Curt. – b) v. Wettkampfe im Ringen, Laufen usw., quoad stans complecti posset atque contendere, Nep. – inter coaequales c. aut equo aut cursu aut viribus, Iustin. – c. rapido cursu, Verg.: cum alqo c. pedibus, Ov. – poet. m. Dat. (s. Passerat. Prop. 1, 7, 3), quid enim contendat hirundo cygnis? Lucr.: c. Homero, Prop.: c. Latio, Claud. – c) v. polit. Wettkampf, Kampf, c. cum alqo od. inter se de principatu, Nep. u. Caes.: cum alqo de honore regni, Nep.: de potentatu inter se multos annos, Caes.: gratiā cum libenter pro

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homine sibi coniunctissimo, tum acriter contra factionem et potentiam paucorum, Hirt. b. G. – d) v. Kampfe mit Worten usw., sich messen, sich streiten, sich herumstreiten, rechten, es durchzusetzen suchen, cum Libone de mittendis legatis contendisse, Caes.: quodsi duriorem te eius miserae et afflictae fortunae praebes, non contendam ego adversus te, Anton. in Cic. ep.: m. allg. Acc. zur Ang. worüber? nec cum Appio, transactā re, quod contenderent (worüber sie Streit anfangen konnten) fuit, Liv. – bes. gerichtlich, c. inimicissime atque infestissime, Cic.: vulgari et pervagatā declamatione, Cic.: u. (unpers.) si contra verbis et litteris et, ut dici solet, summo iure contenditur, Cic. – c. cum alqo iurgio, Cic.: cum alqo interdicto, Cic.: cum alqo sacramento, s. sacramentum. – translatio non habet quaestionem, de qua contendit orator, sed propter quam contendit, Quint. – c. de bonis alcis, Val. Max.: u. (unpers.) de his lite contenditur, Quint. – cum improbissimis heredibus de paternis bonis c. apud centum viros, Val. Max. – m. allg. Acc. zur Ang. worin? tamenne vereris, ut possis haec contra Hortensium contendere? dich auch darin mit H. messen? Cic. Quinct. 78. – e) v. Wetteifer im Bieten, wetteifern, um die Wette bieten, is liceri non destitit; illi, quoad videbatur ferri aliquo modo posse, contenderunt, Cic. Verr. 3, 99. – f) von jedem Sich- Messen mit phys. od. geistigen Kräften, neque inter

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se contendant viribus (animae), Lucr.: c. contra vim gravitatemque morbi, Cic.: patĕre igitur rationem meam cum tua ratione contendere (sich messen), Cic.: quis enim erat qui non videret humilitatem cum dignitate et amplitudine contendere? Cic. – m. allg. Acc., sic enim est faciendum, ut contra universam naturam nihil contendamus, in keiner Sache ankämpfen, Cic.

2) zwei Dinge miteinander od. eine Sache mit einer andern zur Vergleichung sich messen lassen, vergleichen, ipsas causas, quae inter se confligunt, Cic.: leges, Cic.: vetera et praesentia, Tac. – m. cum u. Abl., quicquid tu contra dixeris, id cum defensione nostra contendito; ita facillime causa Sex. Roscii cum tua conferetur, Cic.: vitam suam Atticam cum istac rusticana, Caecil. com. fr.: annales nostros cum scriptura eorum, qui etc., Tac. – mit ad (an, gegen) u. Akk., vim suam ad maiestatem viri, Acc. tr. 648. – poet. m. bl. Dat. (wem? = mit), Aquinatem fucum Sidonio ostro, Hor.: se Frontoni, Auson.

hebes, hebetis, Abl. hebetī, stumpf (Ggstz. acutus), I) eig.: a) der Schneide nach: mucro (ensis), Ov.: machaera, Plaut.: gladius, Ov.: ferrum, Iuven.: secures, Iuven.: tela, Curt.: u. (im Bilde) non dubito, quin ea tela (Pfeile), quae coniecerit inimicus, quam ea, quae collega patris emisit, leviora atque hebetiora esse videantur, Cic. de har. resp. 2. – subst., hebetia, ium, n., stumpfe Gegenstände (Werkzeuge), Quint. 2, 12, 8. – b) der Gestalt nach, stumpf, abgestumpft, angulus, Gromat. vet. 41, 3: lunae et nascentis et senescentis alias hebetiora, alias acutiora videntur cornua, Cic. Acad. 2. fr. 6: quo latiora (ossa scapularum) quāque parte sunt, hoc hebetiora, Cels. 8, 1. p. 326, 24 D. – c) der Wirkung nach: hebeti pectus tantummodo contudit ictu, versetzte der B. nur eine Duetschung, Ov. met. 12, 85.

II) übtr.: A) physisch stumpf, a) gleichs. der Schärfe nach, von den Sinnen u. Sinneswerkzeugen: sensus omnes hebetes et tardos esse arbitrabantur, Cic.: sensus oculorum atque aurium hebetes, Liv.: nec est ullus hebetior sensus in vobis (verst. quam sensus audiendi), Cic.: aures hebetiores (Ggstz. oculi acres atque acuti), Cic.: hebes acies oculorum, Cic., u. (im Zshg.) bl. acies hebes, Cels., hebetior, Suet.: hebes obtutus, Apul.: hebetes visus, Sen. poët.: uterque oculus naturā hebes, Plin.: oculi hebetes, Col. u. Plin.,

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hebetiores, Plin. u. Suet. – graviter hebes sine voce, Ven. Fort. – b) der Empfindung nach, ohne Gefühl, unempfindlich, abgestorben, caro (tumoris, tuberculorum), wildes Fleisch, Cels. 7, 6 u. 7, 13: ossa gingivarum, Cels. 6, 15: cui torpet bebes locus ille, Ov. art. am. 3, 799: hebes os, appetitloser Mund, Ov. ex Pont. 1, 10, 7. – v. leb. Wesen, filius incessu tardus, sensu hebes, Plin. 7, 76. Solin, 1, 92. – c) der Tätigkeit nach, stumpf, träge, schwerfällig, ohne Geschick, α) v. Körper u. v. leb. Wesen: gracile corpus infirmum, obesum hebes est, Cels.: auster totum corpus efficit hebes, Cels.: in hebeti pigritia ferox, Apul. met. 8, 33. – v. leb. Wesen, hebes in voluptate (admissarius), nicht hitzig, Col.: hebes ad sustinendum laborem miles, Tac.: exercitus numero hominum amplior, sed hebes infirmusque, Sall. – β) v. der Rede: quasdam (litteras, Buchstaben) velut acriores parum efficimus et aliis non dissimilibus sed quasi hebetioribus permutamus, Quint. 1, 11, 4: quod (spondeus) est e longis duabus, hebetior videtur et tardior, Cic. or. 216. – v. Redner, hebes (schwerfällig) linguā, magis malus quam callidus ingenio, Ps. Sall. de rep. 2, 9, 1. – d) der physischen Wirkung nach, für den Gesichtssinn = matt, color (floris) non hebes, grelle, Ov.: hebes unitate surdā color (berylli), Plin.: carbunculus hebetior, Plin.: lux, Avien. Arat.: hebes vicinā nocte dies, Stat. – für den Geruchs-

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sinn = geruchlos, genus orsini hebes (Ggstz. odoratum), Plin. 21, 67. – für den Geschmackssinn = geschmacklos, fade, quamvis gustu non sit hebes (uva), Col. 3, 2, 24.

B) geistig stumpf, abgestumpft, a) der Schärfe nach = abgestumpft, stumpfsinnig, blödsichtig, blöde, dumm, α) v. Geiste usw.: ratio hebetem facit aciem ad contemplandas miserias, stumpft die Schärfe des Geistes ab für usw., Cic.: ad ulteriora non prospicit mens hebes, Sen.: id licet hinc quamvis hebeti cognoscere corde, mit halben Sinnen, Lucr.: adeo hebetis atque obtunsi cordis inter initia iuventae existimatus, ut etc., so blöde und stumpfsinnig, Val. Max.: hebeti ingenio esse, Cic.: hebeti ingenio atque nullo, stumpfsinnig, ja ganz geistlos, Cic.: ingenii esse tardi et hebetis (Ggstz. ingenii esse mobilis et erecti), Sen.: hebetiora ut sint hominum ingenia, Cic.: animo hebeti atque claudo pro exercito uti volunt, Ps. Sall. – v. Geisteskräften, hebes memoria, ein schwaches Gedächtnis (Ggstz. mem. acris, ein starkes G.), Cic. de or. 2, 357. – v. Zuständen, adulescentia bruta et hebes, Sen. de ben. 3, 37, 3 (4). – β) v. leb. Wesen: hebes et rudis, nec hebes nec rudis, Cic.: vecors et prope hebes, Aur. Vict.: homines hebetes (Ggstz. homines acuti, homines ingeniosi), Cic.: hebetes illi et supra modum tardi, Plin. ep.: animalium hebetissima, Plin.: me hebetem molestiae reddiderunt, Cic.: quod

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fortuitum fuisse, quis adeo hebes inveniretur, ut crederet, Tac.: aliud est in communi vita et vulgari hominum consuetudine (esse) nec hebetem nec rudem, Cic.: non est hebes ad id quod melius sit intellegendum, Cael. in Cic. ep. – b) der Tätigkeit nach, nicht tief eingehend, oberflächlich, oratio, Quint.: rhetorica interdum paulo hebetior, Cic.: ratio hebes, Plin. – c) der Empfindung nach: dolor hebes, kalte (nicht warme) Teilnahme, Cic. ad Att. 8, 3, 4. – ⇒ Arch. Akk. Sing. hebem, Caecil. com. 81. Enn. ann. 426 bei Charis. 132, 6: Abl. Sing. gew. hebetī; s. Georges Lexik. d. lat. Wortf. S. 314 u. 315.

1. in, Praepos. mit Acc. = είς, u. mit Abl. = εν in, I) mit Acc. = in das Innere eines Raumes (sei es eine Tiefe od. Fläche) hinein (Ggstz. ad, das nur die Annäherung eines Gegenstandes bezeichnet), in, auf, nach, gegen, A) im Raume (als Tiefe od. Fläche): 1) zur Angabe der Bewegung: ad urbem vel potius in urbem exercitum adducere, Cic.: deus ad homines venit, immo, quod propius est, in homines, Sen.: in umeros suos efferre, Cic.: in aram confugere, auf den A. (auf die Stufen des A.), Nep.: mittere in Asiam, Nep. – eine Menge als Raum gedacht, se in medios hostes immittere, Cic.

2) (wie είς) zur Angabe der Richtung = hin... zu, nach... hin, nach, wärts, conspicere sursum in caelum, Plaut.: in orientem, Tac.: – in agrum, s. ager no. I, d u. e. – in latus, seitwärts, Cels. u. Quint.: in dextrum, in sinistrum (laevum), rechts, links, Cels., Stat. u.a. – in ventum, windwärts, Lucan. – dah. in... versus = nach... hin, wärts (zur genauern Bestimmung der Richtung), in Galliam versus, Sall.: in Italiam versus, Serv. in Cic. ep.: in meridiem versus, Curt.

B) in der Zeit: 1) zur Angabe der Zeit, bis in die hinein sich etw. erstreckt = in... hinein, bis in... hinein, dormire in lucem (Tag), Hor.: dicere in noctem, Plin. ep.: boves pariunt in decem annos, Col.: alqd in omne tempus perdidisse, in alle Zeit hinein = für alle

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Zeit, für immer, Cic.

2) zur Angabe des Zeitpunktes, der für etw. od. für den etwas bestimmt ist = für, auf, magistratum creare in annum, Liv. (vgl. Drak. Liv. 4, 55, 6): in multos annos praedicere, Cic.: alqm invitare in posterum diem, Cic.: differre alqd in posterum diem, Cic., in crastinum, Cic. – m. usque = bis auf, wie usque in adventum eius tenuit urbem, Liv. – So insbes., in diem, α) auf einen Tag = auf kurze Zeit, auf heute, Liv. u. Ov.: in diem vivere, nur für den Tag, in den Tag hinein, Cic. u.a. – β) = auf einen bestimmten Tag, Zahlungstermin, fundum emere in diem, Nep. γ) Tag für Tag, täglich, in diem rapto vivere, Liv.: in diem et horam, Hor. δ) (= in diem futurum) fürs künftige, für die Zukunft, in diem istuc est fortasse, quod minaris, Ter.: in diem poenas praesentis fraudis di reservant, Cic. ε) von Tag zu Tag, Plin. 5, 73. – in dies od. in singulos dies, αα) = auf einzelne Tage, von Tag zu Tag (Ggstz. in perpetuum), Cic. u.a. ββ) = mit jedem einzelnen Tage, täglich, Cic. – in horas, stündlich, Hor. – in singulos annos, von Jahr zu Jahr, Jahr für Jahr, Liv. – in tempus, für die Umstände, Cic.: praesens in tempus, Cic. – so auch in futurum, in posterum, in aeternum, in perpetuum, in praesens, s. futurus etc.

C) in andern Verhältnissen: 1) bei Angabe räumlicher Größen zur Bezeichnung der Richtung nach

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irgend einer Dimension = in, in longitudinem (in die od. in der L.) milia passuum CCXL, in latitudinem CLXXX patēre, Caes.: murum in altitudinem pedum sedecim fossamque perducit, Caes.; vgl. Drak. Liv. 38, 59, 6.

2) zur Angabe des Übergangs aus einem in das andere (in eine andere Gestalt, einen andern Zustand usw.) = in, mutare in alqm od. alqd, s. muto: in sollicitudinem versa fiducia est, Curt.

3) zur Bezeichnung der Teile, auf die sich eine Einteilung erstreckt, in die sie das Ganze zerlegt = in, Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, Caes.: in duodecim menses describere annum, Cic. – ebenso bei Verteilung zur Bezeichnung der einzelnen, denen etwas zugeteilt wird = auf, describere censores binos in singulas civitates, zwei Z. auf jeden einzelnen St., Cic.: sextantes conferuntur in capita, auf den K. (Mann), kopfweise, Liv.: quaternos denarios in singulas vini amphoras portorii nomine exigere, Liv.: frumentum assibus in modios aestimatum, Liv.

4) zur Angabe der Bestimmung, des Endzwecks, wozu etwas dienen soll od. geschieht = zu, für, behufs, nullam pecuniam Gabinio, nisi in rem militarem datam, Cic.: alqo mitti in praesidium (zur Besatzung), Liv.: in supplementum classis dari, Liv.: alqm in id certamen legere, Liv.: in spem genitus, auf die Hoffnung hin, Curt.: in spem victoriae, Curt.: prae-

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cepta dare in alqd (in Beziehung auf etwas), Cic.: in haec obsides accepti, dafür, deshalb, Cic.; vgl. unten nach no. 6 die Anmerkg. ⇒ a. E. – dah. auch zur Bezeichnung des beabsichtigten od. unbeabsichtigten Erfolgs einer Handlung = zu, wegen (klass. alcis rei causā), cibo in vitam, non in voluptatem uti, Vell.: turres in propugnaculum villae subiectae, Sen.: in hoc, Hor., Ov., Vell. u.a.; vgl. die Beispielsammlung Madvigs in dessen Opusc. I. p. 167 (nach dem Cic. Clu. 188 in familiae luctum atque in privignorum funus nupsit = in lugentem [morte filiorum] familiam innupsit).

5) zur Angabe des Angemessenen, der Beschaffenheit, der Art u. Weise des Geschehens, a) = gemäß, in rem esse, dem Interesse gemäß, sachgemäß sein, Komik., Sall. u.a. (s. die Auslgg. zu Liv. 22, 3, 2 u. zu Sall. Cat. 20, 1). – tradere regnum in fidem alcis, seinem Worte gemäß = auf sein Wort, Sall. – b) = auf, nach, vaticinantis in modum, Liv.: hostilem in modum, Liv.: praeclara classis in speciem, Cic. – in eandem sententiam loqui, Cic.: iudicium accipere in ea ipsa verba, quae Naevius edebat, Cic.: foedus in haec verba fere conscriptum, Liv.: iurare in verba alcis, auf die W., Hor. u.a. – in plumam, nach Art der F., wie die F., Verg.: in barbarum, nach Art eines B., wie ein B., Tac. (vgl. Oudend. Apul. met. 3, 10. p. 191. Hildebr. Apul. met. 6, 29. p.

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504). – so auch in universum, im ganzen, im allgemeinen, Liv.: in vicem, Cic. u. Caes., od. in vices, Ov., wechselweise.

6) zur Bezeichnung des Gegenstandes (gleichs. des Ortes), auf den Handlungen od. Gemütsstimmungen, freundliche od. feindliche, gerichtet sind = gegen, a) Handlungen: alqm in os laudare, ins Gesicht loben (κατὰ στόμα επαινειν), Ter. – de servis quaerere in dominos, Cic.: in consules designatos legem decernere, Cic.: carmen scribere in alqm, gegen od. auf jmd., Nep. – b) Gemütsstimmungen: bono animo esse in alqm, Caes.: impietas in deos, Cic.: amor in patriam, Cic.: munificentia in alqm, Sall.: perindulgens in patrem, acerbe severus in filium, Cic.

⇒ in mit Akk. steht (wie εἰς) zuw. da, wo das Verbum, auf das es sich bezieht, nicht eine Bezeichnung der Richtung wohin? sondern die Angabe des wo? also in mit Abl. zu erfordern scheint; wobei eine Prägnanz der Konstruktion zugrunde liegt, indem sich der Begriff einer Bewegung mit einmischt, wie: alqm in carcerem asservari iubere, in das G. bringen u. dort verwahren lassen, Liv.: in Tusculanum futurum esse, kommen wollen, Cic.: adesse in senatum, in den S. gehen od. zum S. kommen, Cic.: esse (= venisse) in potestatem, gekommen sein, Cic. u.a.: ebenso habere in potestatem, bekommen haben, Sall. u.a. (vgl. Drak. Liv. 2, 14, 4): alci esse in mentem, in die

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Gedanken kommen, einfallen, Plaut.: alci in conspectum esse, Suet. u. dgl. – Als Acc. der Bestimmung, des Endzwecks (s. oben no. C, 4) sind aber zu erklären: Galliam retinere in senatus populique Romani potestatem, Cic.: ferri lecticulā ut in funebrem pompam, Tac.: in medium relinquere, unentschieden lassen, Tac.: probari in vulgus, in vulgus gratum esse, in vulgus ignotus, beim V., Cic.: res esse in vadimonium coepit, es kam zum Bürgenstellen, Cic.

II) mit Abl. = εν, zur Bezeichnung des Seins in einem Raume, im Innern einer Sache (wobei das Innere nicht bloß als das einer Tiefe, sondern auch als das einer Fläche [das, was innerhalb des Umfangs derselben ist] zu denken), A) im Raume: 1) im allg., in, an, auf, esse in Sicilia, Cic.: dicere in senatu, Cic.: coronam habere unam in capite (auf dem K.), alteram in collo (an dem H.), Cic.: sedere in solio, Cic.: navigare in Italia, an J., an der Küste von I., Cic.: castra in limite locat, an dem Grenzwall, Tac. – zuw. = vor, unter, in oculis esse, vor Augen sein (bildl.), Cic.: in manibus habere (eig. u. bildl., s. manus), Cic.

2) (wie εν) von dem Umgebensein von-, Stecken usw. in einer Kleidung = in, mit, esse in veste domestica, Ov.: in lugubri veste, Curt.: in crepidis, Suet.: in Persico et vulgari habitu, Curt.: formari in cornibus, Ov. – in Waffen, in, mit, unter, patriis ad Troiam missus in armis, Verg.: horridus in iaculis,

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Verg.: excubare in armis, Caes. – in Fesseln u. Banden = in, in vinculis et catenis esse, Liv.

B) in der Zeit: 1) zur Angabe der Zeit, a) im Verlaufe od. während deren etwas geschieht = im Verlaufe, innerhalb, während, in multis annis, Nep.: in omni aetate, in extremo tempore aetatis, Cic.: in sex mensibus, Cic.: in diebus paucis, Ter.: ter in mense, ter in anno, Varro u. Cic.: in pueritia od. adulescentia, Nep. u. Suet. – so auch bei uneig. Zeitbestimmungen, in bello, Cic.: in pace et per indutias, Sall.: semel in vita, Cic.: in itinere, Caes.: in qua potestate (während welches Amtes) Pheras cepit, Nep. – dah. b) auch beim Abl. des Gerundium u. der Gerundiva, um den Begriff der Zeitdauer auszudrücken = bei, während, in deliberando, bei der Überlegung, Cic.: in quaerendis suis, beim Suchen der S., Caes.

2) zur Angabe eines Zeitpunktes (bes. eines entscheidenden), einer Zeitlage, der Zeitumstände, a) übh.: nolo me videat hoc in tempore, gerade jetzt, Ter.: in tali tempore, Liv. – in eo est, ut etc., es ist auf dem Punkte, daß usw., Liv. u. Nep. – b) insbes., in tempore (= εν καιρω), zu rechter Zeit, Ter. u. Liv.: so auch in ipso tempore, Ter.

C) in andern Verhältnissen: 1) zur Angabe von Umständen, Verhältnissen u. Zuständen, in denen sich etwas befindet od. unter denen etw. geschieht = in, bei, unter, in hac solitudine careo omni-

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um colloquio, Cic.: in vino (beim Weintrinken) immodicum esse, Ter.: in tanta paupertate decessit, ut etc., Nep.: magno in aere alieno (bei = ungeachtet) maiores etiam possessiones habent, Cic. – u. zur Bezeichnung von Pers. od. Sachen, auf deren Zustand od. Verhältnisse sich etwas bezieht = bei, in betreff, hinsichtlich, in hoc homine non accipio excusationem, Cic.: ausurum se in tribunis, quod princeps familiae ausus in regibus esset, Liv.: idem in bono servo dici solet, Cic. – in una urbe (indem ihr eine Stadt erobert) universam ceperitis Italiam, Liv. 26, 43, 3. – u. (im Briefstil u. Dialog) ohne Beziehung auf das Verbum des Hauptsatzes, in reliquis officiis (hinsichtlich der usw.), cui tu tribuisti praeter me, ut domum ventitares? Cic.

2) mit Abl. eines Verbalsubstantivs od. Adjektivs, um die Tätigkeit od. den Zustand anzuzeigen, in dem etwas ist = in, in motu esse, Cic.: in maximis esse luctibus, Cic.: in integro tota res est, Cic.: moderatio in difficili est, Liv.; u. so in facili, in promiscuo, in obscuro u. dgl., s. facilis etc.

3) zur Bezeichnung des Objekts, in dem sich der Unterricht, die Bildung zeigt = in, an, erudire in iure civili, Cic.: in bonis litteris educatus, Cic.: exercere mentem in alqa re, Cic.

4) bei esse u. inesse, um die Pers. od. Sache, in der etwas ist od. der etwas gehört, zu bezeichnen =

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in, quanta auctoritas fuit in Metello, Cic.: haec est societas, in qua omnia insunt, Cic.: quibus in rebus ipsi interesse non possumus, Cic.

5) zur Angabe einer Klasse od. Anzahl von Gegenständen, zu der etwas gehört = unter, Pausanias ceperat complures Persarum nobiles atque in his nonnullos regis propinquos, Nep.: u. so oft in his bei Caes. u.a.: in quibus Catilina, Sall.: in Epaminondae virtutibus commemoratur saltasse eum commode, Nep.

⇒ Zuw. steht in mit Abl. da, wo man im Deutschen in mit Akk. erwartet u. im Lateinischen auch oft setzt, wie: introrumpere in aedibus, einbrechen im H. = in das H., Plaut.: infundere in naribus, Colum. – ebenso übtr., gratum esse in alqo, bei = gegen jmd., Cic.; u. dgl. m. – Die verschiedene Konstruktion der Verba legen, stellen, setzen u.a. s. unter diesen.

⇒ arch. u. vulg. im, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 1104 u. 11, 4391. Inscr. christ. (aus Rom) Fabretti 323, 445. – arch. u. vulg. en, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 195, 5; 1, 199, 12; 1009. v. 14; 1220. v. 3 (Anthol. Lat. 1274, 3 M.). Corp. inscr. Lat. 8, 8635 (Anthol. Lat. 1274, 14 M.). – arch. endo, Enn. ann. 576; fr. var. 23. XII tabb. I, 2 Sch. ( bei Fest. p. 313 [a], 7) u. III, 3 u. 4 Sch. ( bei Gell. 20, 1, 45). Lex vet. bei Gell. 5, 19, 9. Lucil. 1075. Varro r. r. 3, 17, 10. Lucr. 6, 890. Cic. de legg. 2, 19. Paul. ex Fest. 77, 3. – arch. indu,

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Enn. ann. 238 u. 445*. Lucil. 970 u. 1230. Lucr. 2, 1096; 5, 102. Vgl. Placid. gloss. V, 29, 13.

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2. in, Praeverbium, 1) entsprechend der Präposition = griech. εν, in der Zusammensetzung mit Verben, wo die Präposition in der Regel ihre gewöhnliche Bedeutung drin, dran, drauf, dabei behält, im Deutschen aber oft vom Verbum getrennt und zum Substantiv gezogen werden muß. – 2) Verneinungswort = griech. ἀ-, ἀν-, deutsch un-, wie infans, indoctus. – Vor f u. s wurde es mit gedehntem Selbstlaute gesprochen, wie inficetus, insipiens; in anderen Zusammensetzungen, wie indoctus, mit geschärftem. – Vor p geht das n in in über in m, wie in imputo, vor l, m u. r aber wird es assimiliert, wie in illudo, immuto, irruo u. dgl.

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3. īn = isne, s. 1. eo a. E. ⇒.

nota, ae, f. (noto), Kennzeichen, Zeichen, Merkmal, I) im allg.: 1) eig.: signa et notae locorum, Cic.: medium ferme sinum velut notā distinguit, Liv.: notam ducere, machen, auf dem Tische mit dem Finger in die Länge ziehen, Ov. – 2) bildl., Merkmal, unterscheidendes Kennzeichen, Erkennungszeichen, Anzeichen, Zeichen, notae ac vestigia scelerum, Cic.: notae argumentorum, Cic.: mihi quoque impendēre idem exitium certis quibusdam notis augurabar, Plin. ep.: ut cuiusque generis dicendi nota quaeratur et formula, Cic.: cygni vox notam dederat, Mela: pronuntiari iter in posterum iubet, ne qua novi initi consilii daretur nota, Curt.: nunc pinnā veras nunc datis ore notas, Ov. – II) insbes.: A) Zeichen in der Schrift, 1) der Buchstaben u. Zahlen, notae litterarum, Buchstabenzeichen, Cic. u. Petron.: C nota praenominis, cum sola Gaium notat; item numeri, cum centum significat, Diom. 424, 8: X nota numeri, cum decem significat, Diom. 426, 3. – bei Dichtern meton., Plur. notae = Schrift, Brief, Hor. u. Ov. – 2) Zeichenschrift, Geheimschrift, Chiffreschrift. So setzte Augustus, wenn er per notas schrieb, B für A, C für B usw. nach Suet. Aug. 88. – 3) tachygraphische Zeichen, deren man sich statt der Buchstaben und Wörter bediente, verborum notae, Sen.: notis velocissime excipere (nachschreiben) solitus, Suet. – 4) Note in

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der Musik, musicis notis cantica excipere, Quint. 1, 12, 14. – 5) notae librariorum, Interpunktionszeichen, Cic. de or. 3, 173. – B) Zeichen an einem Gegenstande, 1) Fleck am Körper, Mal, vitulus, quā notam duxit, wo es ein Mal hat, Hor.: nota genitiva, Muttermal, Suet.: verberum notae, Narben, Tac. – 2) eingestochenes oder eingebranntes Zeichen, Mal, Brandmal, nota dorsualis, dem Rücken (des Pferdes) eingebranntes Z., Apul.: barbarus compunctus notis Thraeciis, tätowiert, Cic.: deformare stigmatum notis, brandmarken, Suet. – bildl., ein Brandmal = ein Schandfleck, o turpem notam temporum nomen illorum! Cic.: quae nota domesticae turpitudinis non inusta vitae tuae est? Cic.: homo omnibus notis turpitudinis insignis, Cic. – 3) Gepräge, nummaria, Aur. Vict.: nummi omnis notae, Suet. – bildl., patefacere interiorem animi notam, das Gepräge, die Gedanken seines Herzens zeigen, eröffnen, Suet. – 4) Zeichen an einem Wein- od. Honigfaß, um die Sorte zu bezeichnen, die Aufschrift, Etikette; dah.: a) meton., die Qualität, die Sorte, optima nota vini, Colum.: interior nota Falerni, vorzüglichere Sorte F., Hor.: mel secundae notae, Colum. – b) übtr., die Art, Sorte, Güte, Qualität, ex hac nota corporum est aër, Sen.: alqm de meliore nota commendare, von der vorteilhafteren Seite, Cur. in Cic. ep.: beneficia ex vulgari nota, von gemeiner Art, Sen.: nos ex illa prima nota

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non sumus, Sen.: alia deinceps huius notae, und dergleichen mehr, Sen. – 5) Zeichen in einem Buche, a) eig., Zeichen, Merkmal, um seinen Beifall od. sein Mißfallen über eine Stelle zu äußern, Cic. Pis. 73. Sen. ep. 6, 5. – b) meton., eine erklärende Anmerkung, Note, ICt. – 6) Anmerkung, Note, die der Zensor über jmds. Leben u. Betragen machte und sie teils mündlich bekannt gab, teils in das Protokoll eintrug, und meton. = die aus dem ungünstigen Urteil des Zensors hervorgehende Ehrenschmälerung, motis senatu notas ascribere, Liv.: ignominiosis notas demere, Suet.: censoriae severitatis notā inuri, Cic.: censoriā notā perstrictus, Val. Max.: übtr., nunc in amore tuo cogor habere notam, eine Degradation zu erleiden, herabzusinken, Prop. 1, 8, 18: a quo repulsus tristem sustinuit notam, mußte eine schimpfliche Zurücksetzung erleiden, Phaedr. 1, 3, 11. – Bildl., der Schandfleck, Schimpf, die Beschimpfung, adiectae mortuo notae sunt, Liv.: notam quasi censoriam alci inurere, Plin. ep.: districtus minimā nec tamen ille notā, und doch hat ihn nicht der geringste Tadel berührt, Ov.: dictus Sceleratus ab illa vicus et aeternā res ea pressa notā, mit ewiger Schmach würde gezeichnet die Tat, Ov. – 7) unterscheidender Name einer Person, ehrender Beiname, ille Numantina traxit ab urbe notam, Ov. fast. 1, 596. – C) ein gegebenes Zeichen, ein Wink, Ov. met. 11, 466; art.

————

am. 3, 514.

prōverbium, iī, n. (pro u. verbum), I) das Sprichwort, iam tritum sermone proverbium, ein gang u. gäbes Sprichwort, Cic.: venit in proverbium, Liv., od. in consuetudinem proverbii, Cic., ist zum Spr. geworden: ebenso in proverbium cessit, Plin.: unde et in proverbium tractum est ›muli Mariani‹, Frontin.: inde rem ad triarios redisse, cum laboratur, proverbio increbuit, ist zum häufigen (fast gewöhnlichen) Spr. geworden, Liv.: veteri proverbio, nach dem alten Spr., Cic.: quod est Graecis in proverbio, ist bei ihnen ein Spr., Cic.: ut est in proverbio, wie man im Spr. sagt, Cic.: esse in proverbium et in fabulam, Vulg. 3. regg. 9, 7: et usus est vulgari proverbio ›oleum in incendium‹, Porphyr. Hor. sat. 2, 3, 321: ut proverbium loquitur vetus, Amm. 14, 11, 12: ut ait vetus proverbium, Apul. met. 11, 28: usurpabat hoc saepe proverbium, quod supra nos idem et nihil ad nos pertinere, Lact.: unde hic antiquissimus versus vice proverbii celebratus est, Gell.: Graeco proverbio notatum est m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., Suet. Tib. 38 extr. – Plur., proverbia opportune aptata, Quint.: istius nequitiam in ore vulgi atque in communibus proverbiis esse versatam, Cic. – II) im weiteren Sinne, der Spruch, a) = der Ausspruch, proverbia laudis, löbliche Sprüche, Vulg. Sirach 6, 35. – b) das Gleichnis, Rätsel, Vulg. Sirach 39, 3. Iob 10, 6 u. 16,

————

25. – ⇒ Falsch prŏv. gemessen bei Alcim. Avit. poëm. 6, 387.

remōtus, a, um, PAdi. (v. removeo), I) entfernt, entlegen, locus ab arbitris remotus, Cic.: antrum remotius, Ov.: loci maritimi an remoti a mari, Cic.: Apulia ab impetu belli remotissima, Cic.: homo ab agro remotissimus, der ganz vom Lande entfernt lebte, sich gar nicht mit Ackerbau beschäftigte, Cic.: verba remotiora, gewähltere Ausdrücke, Quint.: m. bl. Abl., remoto mari loco, Vell.: quasi civitatis oculis remotus, Suet. – neutr. subst., in remoto, in der Ferne, Sen. nat. qu. 3, 26, 1. – II) übtr., entfernt von etwas, a) fern, frei von etwas, a culpa remotus est, Cic.: a vulgari scientia remotiora, Cic.: ab suspicione remotissimus, Cic. – b) abgeneigt, a vino, ab escis, nicht zugetan, Colum.: ab inani laude, Cic. – c) verwerflich, nachzusetzend, subst., remōta, ōrum, n. = reiecta, die ἀποπροηγμένα der Stoiker, Dinge, die zwar kein Übel, aber doch verwerflich u. anderen Dingen nachzusetzen sind, Nachgesetztes, Cic. de fin. 3, 52.

1. rudis, e, unbearbeitet, ungebildet, kunstlos, roh, wild, I) eig.: a) von Lebl.: terra, Varro: ager, Colum.: r. atque infecta materies, Petron.: r. indigestaque moles (v. Chaos), Ov.: marmor, saxum, Quint.: aes (Ggstz. aes signatum), Plin.: hasta, Verg.: novacula ( neben retusa), Petron.: caementum ( neben informes tegulae), Tac. dial. – lana, rohe (noch ungesponnene), Ov. u. Stat.: textum, rohes, grobes, Ov.: so vestis, Ov. ( aber vestes rudes, noch ungetragene, Edict. Diocl. 7, 54 sqq.): capilli, ungeordnetes, Sen. poët.: herba, rohes, wildes, Mart.: uva, harte, unreife, Mart. – neutr. pl. subst., detrahit doctrina aliquid, ut lima rudibus (rohen Gegenständen) et cotes habetibus, Quint. 2, 12, 8. – b) poet. v. leb. Wesen, jung, neu, Amphitrite, ungewohnte, Catull.: agna, Mart.: nati rudes, neugeborene Kinder, Val. Flacc. – II) übtr., roh, unausgebildet, naturwüchsig, kunstlos, ungebildet, ungeschickt, unkundig, unerfahren, a) absol.: forma quaedam ingenii admodum impolita et plane rudis, Cic.: quae pueris nobis ex commentariolis nostris inchoata ac rudia excĭderunt, Cic.: quae rudia atque imperfecta adhuc erant, Quint.: esse illa rudibus et incompositis similia, Quint. – vox r., rohe, Quint.: vox incondita ac rudis (kunstlose), Tac.: r. modulatio, Quint.: modus (tibicinis), Ov.: r. in militari homine lingua, rohe, ungeübte Sprache, Liv. – sti-

————

lus ( neben confusus), Quint.: rudia prope primordia ac velut futurae mox artis (picturae), Quint.: animi ( neben agrestes), Quint. u. (= noch unerfahrene in der Liebe) Prop.: ingenium, Quint. u. Hor.: r. vita priscorum et sine litteris, Plin.: saeculum, Quint. u. Tac.: anni, junge, frühe, Quint.: r. adhuc aetas, Quint. – v. Pers., r. et integer discipulus, Cic.: tam eram rudis? tam ignarus rerum? tam expers consilii? etc., Cic.: illi rudes ac bellicosi, Quint.: nescit equo rudis haerere ingenuus puer, Hor.: filia r., die noch in der Liebe unerfahrene, die unschuldige, Mart. – b) m. in u. Abl. od. (selten) m. bl. Abl.: alii in disputationibus perpoliti, alii in disserendo rudes, Cic.: nulla in re tironem ac rudem esse, Cic.: in communi vita et vulgari hominum consuetudine nec hebetem nec rudem esse, Cic.: rudis in re navali erat, Liv.: sive in amore rudis sive peritus erit, Prop.: r. in re publica, in causa, in iure civili, Cic.: r. omnino in nostris poëtis, Cic.: rudis in plerisque et incompositus, steif u. ungelenk (v. Aristophanes), Quint.: r. sermo nulla in re, Cic. – m. bl. Abl., Ennius ingenio maximus, arte rudis, Ov.: r. studiis, Vell. – c) mit ad u. Akk.: r. ad pedestria bella gens, Liv.: r. natio ad voluptates, Curt.: r. ad partus, Ov.; vgl. Fabri u. Wölffl. Liv. 21, 25, 6. Weißenb. Liv. 35, 26, 3. Drak. Liv. 45, 32, 10. – d) m. Dat.: fontes rudes puellis, den M. fremd, von M. unbesucht, Mart. 6, 42, 4. – e) m. Genet.: im-

————

periti homines rerum omnium rudes ignarique, Cic.: dicat se non imperitum foederis, non rudem exemplorum, non ignarum belli fuisse, Cic.: (Verres) non provinciae rudis erat et tiro, sed Siciliae, Cic.: non modo Graecarum litterarum rudes, sed etiam docti aliquantum, Cic.: r. rei militaris, Cic.: r. artium, Liv.: r. bonarum artium, Tac.: r. bellorum, v. Elefanten, Flor.: r. somni, schlaflos, Ov.: r. dicendi, Tac.: tractandi animos, Curt. – f) m. Infin., Sil. 6, 90; 8, 260.

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2. rudis, is, f., jeder dünne Stab, I) zum Umrühren, Kelle, Rührlöffel, Quirl, Cato u. Plin. – II) ein Stab zu Fechtübungen der Soldaten und Gladiatoren, etwa Rappier, Liv., Suet. u.a. – einen solchen Stab erhielt der ausgediente Fechter als Zeichen der völligen Befreiung vom Kampfe od. der erlangten Meisterschaft, tam bonus gladiator rudem tam cito accepisti? Cic. Phil. 2, 74: acceptā rudi, Capit.: essedario indulgere rudem, Suet. – dah. übtr. v. der Befreiung von gewissen Pflichten oder Verrichtungen, me donari iam rude tempus erat, mich zu entlassen, Ov.: u. so donatum iam rude, des Dienstes schon entlassen, Hor.: me meruisse rudem, Mart. – ⇒ Abl. Sing. gew. rude, selten rudi, wie Capit. Opil. Macr. 4, 5.

ăb-horrĕo, ui, ēre, 2, v. n. and a., to shrink back from a thing, to shudder at, abhor.

Lit. (syn. aversor; rare but class.); constr. with ab or absol., sometimes with the acc. (not so in Cicero; cf.

Haase ad Reisig Vorles. p. 696): retro volgus abhorret ab hac,

shrinks back from, Lucr. 1, 945; 4, 20:

omnes aspernabantur, omnes abhorrebant, etc.,

Cic. Clu. 14, 41:

quid tam abhorret hilaritudo?

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 56:

pumilos atque distortos,

Suet. Aug. 83; so id. Galb. 4; Vit. 10.

Transf., in gen.

To be averse or disinclined to a thing, not to wish it, usu. with ab:

a nuptiis,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 92:

ab re uxoriā,

id. And. 5, 1, 10;

and so often in Cic.: Caesaris a causā,

Cic. Sest. 33:

a caede,

id. ib. 63:

ab horum turpitudine, audaciā, sordibus,

id. ib. 52, 112:

a scribendo abhorret animus,

id. Att. 2, 6:

animo abhorruisse ab optimo statu civitatis,

id. Phil. 7, 2:

a ceterorum consilio,

Nep. Milt. 3, 5 al.

In a yet more general sense, to be remote from an object, i. e. to vary or differ from, to be inconsistent or not to agree with (freq. and class.):

temeritas tanta, ut non procul abhorreat ab insaniā,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 24, 68:

a vulgari genere orationis atque a consuetudine communis sensus,

id. de Or. 1, 3, 12:

oratio abhorrens a personā hominis gravissimi,

id. Rep. 1, 15:

ab opinione tuā,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 20: Punicum abhorrens os ab Latinorum nominum prolatione, Liv. 22, 13; so id. 29, 6; 30, 44:

a fide,

to be incredible, id. 9, 36:

a tuo scelere,

is not connected with, Cic. Cat. 1, 7 al. —Hence, like dispar, with dat.:

tam pacatae profectioni abhorrens mos,

not accordant with, Liv. 2, 14.—

To be free from:

Caelius longe ab istā suspicione abhorrere debet,

Cic. Cael. 4.—

To alter:

tantum abhorret ac mutat,

alters and changes, Cat. 22, 11.—

To be unfit:

sin plane abhorrebit et erit absurdus,

Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 85; cf.:

absurdae atque abhorrentes lacrimae,

Liv. 30, 44, 6; and:

carmen abhorrens et inconditum,

id. 27, 37, 13.

dēclāmātĭo, ōnis, f. [declamo].

Exercise in oratorical delivery, exercise or practice in speaking, declamation (class.;

most freq. in Quint.): cum sit declamatio forensium actionum meditatio, etc.,

Quint. 4, 2, 29; cf. id. 2, 10, 4; 12 et saep.:

in quotidiana declamatione utilis, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 6; cf. id. Tusc. 1, 4, 7; 2, 11, 26.—

Meton. (abstr. pro concreto), a theme, subject for declamation, called also causa (v. h. v.), Quint. 1, 2, 13; 10, 2, 12; 10, 5, 14; cf. Sen. Contr. 1 praef.— Poet. also of a person who serves as a theme, Juv. 10, 167.—

In a bad sense, loud, eager talking, bawling (so several times in Cic.):

desinamus aliquando vulgari et pervagata declamatione contendere,

Cic. Planc. 19, 47: sequitur ut materiae abhorrenti a veritate, declamatio adhibeatur, [p. 521] Tac. Dial. 35:

non placet mihi inquisitio candidati, non declamatio potius quam persalutatio,

Cic. Mur. 21, 44.

ef-for, ātus, 1, v. dep. a. ( defect. In use only: effor, Cav. ap. Diom. p. 375 P.:

effaris,

App. M. 7, 25, p. 199, 6:

effatur,

Verg. A. 10, 523 al.:

effamini,

Arn. 7, 41:

effantur, App. Mund. prooem. p. 56, 22: effabor,

Lucr. 5, 104:

effabere,

Luc. 8, 346:

effabimur,

Cic. Ac. 2, 30, 97:

effantes,

App. Mund. p. 65, 5; imp.:

effare,

Verg. A. 6, 560; inf.:

effari,

id. ib. 4, 76; as pass., poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 17, 39; part.:

effatus,

Verg. A. 3, 463 al.; as pass. v. infra:

effando,

Liv. 5, 15, 10: effatu, Pl. 3, 21, 25, § 139 al.), to speak or say out, to utter.

In gen. (an old relig. and poet. word; cf. Cic. de Or. 3, 38, 153; esp. freq. in Verg.): sed tamen effabor, * Lucr. 5, 104: haec effatu' pater, repente recessit, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 48 ed. Vahlen); cf. Verg. G. 4, 450; id. A. 3, 463; 4, 30; 76; 456 et saep.; Hor. Epod. 17, 37; Luc. 8, 347 et saep.:

et tacendo forsitan, quae dii immortales vulgari velint, haud minus, quam celanda effando, nefas contrahi,

Liv. 5, 15 fin.; Suet. Ner. 49:

effatu digna nomina,

Plin. 3, 21, 25, § 139 et saep.— Absol., Vulg. Psa. 93, 2; id. Prov. 18, 23.—

In partic.

As t. t. in the language of augurs, to fix, define, determine a place for a religious purpose:

templum,

Cic. Att. 13, 42, 3; cf. pass.:

templa effari ab auguribus,

Varr. L. L. 6, 7, § 53.—

In dialectics, to state a proposition:

quod ita effabimur,

Aut vivet cras Hermarchus, aut non vivet, Cic. Ac. 2, 30, 97; cf. in the foll.: effatum.

► effātus, a, um, in passive signif., pronounced, established, determined, designated: effata dicuntur, quod augures finem auspiciorum caelestum extra urbem agris sunt effati ubi esset;

hinc effari templa dicuntur ab auguribus,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 53 Müll.; cf. Libri Augur. ap. Gell. 13, 14; Serv. Verg. A. 6, 197; Fest. S. V. MINORA TEMPLA, p. 157, 28 Müll.; Cic. Leg. 2, 8 fin.; Liv. 10, 37 fin.:

FATIDICORVM ET VATVM EFFATA INCOGNITA,

announcements, predictions, Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 20; cf. Liv. 1, 24.—

In partic.: effātum, i, n., a dialectical proposition, an axiom, Cic. Ac. 2, 29 fin. (a transl. of the Gr. axiôma), Sen. Ep. 117.

ex or ē (ex always before vowels, and elsewh. more freq. than e; e. g. in Cic. Rep. e occurs 19 times, but ex 61 times, before consonants—but no rule can be given for the usage; cf., e. g., ex and e together:

qui ex corporum vinculis tamquam e carcere evolaverunt,

Cic. Rep. 6, 14. But certain expressions have almost constantly the same form, as ex parte, ex sententia, ex senatus consulto, ex lege, ex tempore, etc.; but e regione, e re nata, e vestigio, e medio, and e republica used adverbially; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 756 sq.), praep. with abl. [kindr. with Gr. ek, ex], denotes out from the interior of a thing, in opposition to in (cf. ab and de init.), out of, from.

In space.

Prop.:

interea e portu nostra navis solvitur, Ubi portu exiimus, etc.,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 54:

quam (sphaeram) M. Marcelli avus captis Syracusis ex urbe locupletissima atque ornatissima sustulisset, cum aliud nihil ex tanta praeda domum suam deportavisset,

Cic. Rep. 1, 14:

influxit non tenuis quidam e Graecia rivulus in hanc urbem,

id. ib. 2, 19:

visam, ecquae advenerit In portum ex Epheso navis mercatoria,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 2; cf. id. ib. 3, 2, 5;

3, 6, 32 al.: magno de flumine malim quam ex hoc fonticulo tantundem sumere,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 56; cf.:

nec vos de paupere mensa Dona nec e puris spernite fictilibus,

Tib. 1, 1, 38:

clanculum ex aedibus me edidi foras,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 9; so freq. with verbs compounded with ex; also with verbs compounded with ab and de, v. abeo, abscedo, amoveo, aveho, etc.; decedo, deduco, defero, deicio, etc.—

In a downward direction, from, down from, from off:

ex spelunca saxum in crura ejus incidisse,

Cic. Fat. 3, 6; cf. Liv. 35, 21:

picis e caelo demissum flumen,

Lucr. 6, 257:

equestribus proeliis saepe ex equis desiliunt,

Caes. B. G. 4, 2, 3; cf.:

cecidisse ex equo dicitur,

Cic. Clu. 62 fin.:

e curru trahitur,

id. Rep. 2, 41:

e curru desilit,

Ov. A. A. 1, 559 et saep., v. cado, decido, decurro, deduco, delabor, elabor, etc.—

In an upward direction, from, above:

collis paululum ex planitie editus,

Caes. B. G. 2, 8, 3:

globum terrae eminentem e mari,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 28;

and trop.: consilia erigendae ex tam gravi casu rei publicae,

Liv. 6, 2.—

Transf.

To indicate the country, and, in gen., the place from or out of which any person or thing comes, from:

ex Aethiopia est usque haec,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 18:

quod erat ex eodem municipio,

Cic. Clu. 17, 49; cf. id. ib. 5, 11.—Freq. without a verb:

Philocrates ex Alide,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 2, 10:

ex Aethiopia ancillula,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 85 Ruhnk.:

negotiator ex Africa,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 5:

Epicurei e Graecia,

id. N. D. 1, 21, 58:

Q. Junius ex Hispania quidam,

Caes. B. G. 5, 27:

ex India elephanti,

Liv. 35, 32:

civis Romanus e conventu Panhormitano,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54 Zumpt; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 59 fin.:

meretrix e proxumo,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 38; cf. id. Aul. 2, 4, 11:

puer ex aula (sc. regis barbari),

Hor. C. 1, 29, 7:

ex spelunca saxum,

Cic. Fat. 3, 6:

saxum ex capitolio,

Liv. 35, 21, 6:

ex equo cadere,

Cic. Clu. 32, 175; cf. id. Fat. 3, 6; Auct. B. Hisp. 15 et saep.—

To indicate the place from which any thing is done or takes place, from, down from: ibi tum derepente ex alto in altum despexit mare, Enn. ap. Non. 518, 6 (for which:

a summo caelo despicere,

Ov. A. A. 2, 87; and:

de vertice montis despicere,

id. M. 11, 503); cf.:

T. Labienus... ex loco superiore conspicatus, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 2, 26, 4:

ex qua (villa) jam audieram fremitum clientium meorum,

Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 3:

ex hoc ipso loco permulta contra legem eam verba fecisti,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; so id. ib. 8 fin.; cf.:

judices aut e plano aut e quaesitoris tribunali admonebat,

Suet. Tib. 33:

ex equo, ex prora, ex puppi pugnare,

Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 202 and 209; cf. Caes. B. G. 2, 27, 3:

ex vinculis causam dicere,

id. ib. 1, 4, 1; Liv. 29, 19.—Hence the adverbial expressions, ex adverso, ex diverso, ex contrario, e regione, ex parte, e vestigio, etc.; v. the words adversus, diversus, etc.—Also, ex itinere, during or on a journey, on the march, without halting, Cic. Fam. 3, 9; Sall. C. 34, 2; Liv. 35, 24; Caes. B. G. 2, 6, 1; 3, 21, 2; id. B. C. 1, 24, 4; Sall. J. 56, 3 al.; cf.

also: ex fuga,

during the flight, Caes. B. G. 6, 35, 6; id. B. C. 3, 95; 96 fin.; Sall. J. 54, 4 Kritz.; Liv. 6, 29; 28, 23 al.

In time.

From a certain point of time, i. e. immediately after, directly after, after (in this sense more freq. than ab):

Cotta ex consulatu est profectus in Galliam,

Cic. Brut. 92, 318; so,

ex consulatu,

Liv. 4, 31 Drak.; 40, 1 fin.; 22, 49; 27, 34; Vell. 2, 33, 1 al.:

ex praetura,

Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 53; id. Mur. 7, 15; Caes. B. C. 1, 22, 4; 1, 31, 2:

ex dictatura,

Liv. 10, 5 fin.:

ex eo magistratu,

Vell. 2, 31 et saep.; cf.:

Agrippa ex Asia (pro consule eam provinciam annuo imperio tenuerat) Moesiae praepositus est,

Tac. H. 3, 46 fin.:

statim e somno lavantur,

id. G. 22:

tanta repente vilitas annonae ex summa inopia et caritate rei frumentariae consecuta est,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 15, 44; cf. Liv. 21, 39:

ex aliquo graviore actu personam deponere,

Quint. 6, 2, 35:

mulier ex partu si, etc.,

Cels. 2, 8:

ex magnis rupibus nactus planitiem,

Caes. B. C. 1, 70, 3; cf.: ex maximo bello tantum otium totae insulae conciliavit, ut, etc., Nop. Timol. 3, 2; and:

ex magna desperatione tandem saluti redditus,

Just. 12, 10, 1 et saep.:

ex quo obses Romae fuit,

since he was a hostage in Rome, Liv. 40, 5 fin. —So the phrase, aliud ex alio, one thing after another:

me quotidie aliud ex alio impedit,

Cic. Fam. 9, 19 fin.; Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 14 (cf. also, alius, D.):

aliam rem ex alia cogitare,

Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 3:

alia ex aliis iniquiora postulando,

Liv. 4, 2.—So, too, diem ex die exspectabam, one day after another, from day to day, Cic. Att. 7, 26 fin.; cf.:

diem ex die ducere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 16, 5 (v. dies, I. A. b.).—

With names of office or calling, to denote one who has completed his term of office, or has relinquished his vocation. So in class. Lat. very dub.;

for the passage,

Caes. B. C. 1, 46, 4, belongs more correctly under III. B. It is, however, very common in post-class. Lat., esp. in inscriptions—ex consule, ex comite, ex duce, ex equite, ex praefecto, etc.— an ex-consul, etc. (for which, without good MS. authority, the nominatives exconsul, excomes, exdux, etc., are sometimes assumed, in analogy with proconsul, and subvillicus; cf. Schneid. Gram. 1, p. 562, note, and the authors there cited):

vir excelsus ex quaestore et ex consule Tribonianus,

Cod. Just. 1, 17, 2, § 9; cf.:

Pupienus et Balbinus, ambo ex consulibus,

Capitol. Gord. 22:

duo ante ipsam aram a Gallicano ex consulibus et Maecenate ex ducibus interempti sunt,

id. ib.:

mandabat Domitiano, ex comite largitionum, praefecto, ut, etc.,

Amm. 14, 7, 9:

Serenianus ex duce,

id. 14, 7, 7:

INLVSTRIS EX PRAEFECTO praeTORIO ET EX PRAEFECTO VRbis,

Inscr. Orell. 2355 al., v. Inscr. Orell. in Indice, p. 525.—

And of a period of life: quem si Constans Imperator olim ex adulto jamque maturum audiret, etc.,

i. e. who had outgrown the period of youth, and was now a man, Amm. 16, 7.—

From and after a given time, from... onward, from, since (cf. ab, II. A. 2.):

bonus volo jam ex hoc die esse,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 10:

itaque ex eo tempore res esse in vadimonium coepit,

Cic. Quint. 5 fin.:

nec vero usquam discedebam, nec a republica deiciebam oculos, ex eo die, quo, etc.,

id. Phil. 1, 1:

ex aeterno tempore,

id. Fin. 1, 6, 17:

ex hoc die,

id. Rep. 1, 16:

motum ex Metello consule civicum tractas,

from the consulship of Metellus, Hor. C. 2, 1, 1:

C. Pompeius Diogenes ex Kalendis Juliis cenaculum locat,

Petr. 38, 10; so usually in forms of hiring; cf. Garaton. Cic. Phil. 2, 39, 100:

ex ea die ad hanc diem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12 fin.:

memoria tenent, me ex Kalendis Januariis ad hanc horam invigilasse rei publicae,

id. Phil. 14, 7, 20.—Esp.: ex quo (sc. tempore), since: [p. 670] octavus annus est, ex quo, etc., Tac. Agr. 33; id. A. 14, 53:

sextus decimus dies agitur, ex quo,

id. H. 1, 29:

sextus mensis est, ex quo,

Curt. 10, 6, 9; Hor. Ep. 11, 5; so,

ex eo,

Tac. A. 12, 7; Suet. Caes. 22:

ex illo,

Ov. F. 5, 670; Stat. Silv. 1, 2, 81.—

Less freq. in specifying a future date (after which something is to be done), from, after:

Romae vereor ne ex Kal. Jan. magni tumultus sint,

Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 3:

hunc judicem ex Kal. Jan. non habemus... ex Kal. Jan. non judicabunt,

id. Verr. 1, 10:

ex Idibus Mart.... ex Idibus Mai.,

id. Att. 5, 21, 9.

In other relations, and in gen. where a going out or forth, a coming or springing out of any thing is conceivable.

With verbs of taking out, or, in gen., of taking, receiving, deriving (both physically and mentally; so of perceiving, comprehending, inquiring, learning, hoping, etc.), away from, from, out of, of:

solem e mundo tollere videntur, qui amicitiam e vita tollunt,

Cic. Lael. 13, 47:

ex omni populo deligendi potestas,

id. Agr. 2, 9, 23:

agro ex hoste capto,

Liv. 41, 14, 3:

cui cum liceret majores ex otio fructus capere,

Cic. Rep. 1, 4:

ex populo Romano bona accipere,

Sall. J. 102:

majorem laetitiam ex desiderio bonorum percepimus, quam ex laetitia improborum dolorem,

Cic. Rep. 1, 4:

quaesierat ex me Scipio,

id. ib. 1, 13:

ex te requirunt,

id. ib. 2, 38:

de quo studeo ex te audire, quid sentias,

id. ib. 1, 11 fin.; 1, 30; 1, 46; 2, 38; cf.:

intellexi ex tuis litteris te ex Turannio audisse, etc.,

id. Att. 6, 9, 3:

ex eo cum ab ineunte ejus aetate bene speravissem,

id. Fam. 13, 16 et saep.; cf.:

ex aliqua re aliquid nominare,

id. N. D. 2, 20, 51:

vocare,

Tac. G. 2, 4; cf. id. ib. 4, 55; Sall. J. 5, 4.—

In specifying a multitude from which something is taken, or of which it forms a part, out of, of:

qui ex civitate in senatum, ex senatu in hoc consilium delecti estis,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 3 fin.:

e vectoribus sorte ductus,

id. Rep. 1, 34:

ecquis est ex tanto populo, qui? etc.,

id. Rab. Post. 17:

homo ex numero disertorum postulabat, ut, etc.,

id. de Or. 1, 37, 168: Q. Fulgentius, ex primo hastato (sc. ordine) legionis XIV., i. e. a soldier of the first division of hastati of the 14 th legion, Caes. B. C. 1, 46;

v. hastatus: e barbaris ipsis nulli erant maritimi,

Cic. Rep. 2, 4:

unus ex illis decemviris,

id. ib. 2, 37:

ex omnibus seculis vix tria aut quatuor nominantur paria amicorum,

id. Lael. 4, 15:

aliquis ex vobis,

id. Cael. 3, 7; id. Fam. 13, 1 fin.: id enim ei ex ovo videbatur aurum declarasse;

reliquum, argentum,

this of the egg, id. Div. 2, 65:

quo e collegio (sc. decemvirorum),

id. Rep. 2, 36:

virgines ex sacerdotio Vestae,

Flor. 1, 13, 12:

alia ex hoc quaestu,

Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 29 Ruhnk.; cf.:

fuit eodem ex studio vir eruditus apud patres nostros,

Cic. Mur. 36; Ov. Am. 2, 5, 54; Sen. Ben. 3, 9; id. Ep. 52, 3:

qui sibi detulerat ex latronibus suis principatum,

Cic. Phil. 2, 3:

est tibi ex his, qui assunt, bella copia,

id. Rep. 2, 40:

Batavi non multum ex ripa, sed insulam Rheni amnis colunt,

Tac. G. 29:

acerrimum autem ex omnibus nostris sensibus esse sensum videndi,

Cic. de Or. 2, 87, 357:

ex tribus istis modis rerum publicarum velim scire quod optimum judices,

id. Rep. 1, 30; cf. id. ib. 1, 35 et saep.—

Sometimes a circumlocution for the subject. gen., of (cf. de):

has (turres) altitudo puppium ex barbaris navibus superabat,

Caes. B. G. 3, 14, 4:

album ex ovo cum rosa mixtum,

Cels. 4, 20:

ex fraxino frondes, ex leguminibus paleae,

Col. 7, 3, 21 sq. —

To indicate the material of which any thing is made or consists, of:

fenestrae e viminibus factae,

Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 6; cf.:

statua ex aere facta,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 21; and:

ex eo auro buculam curasse faciendam,

id. Div. 1, 24:

substramen e palea,

Varr. R. R. 3, 10, 4:

pocula ex auro, vas vinarium ex una gemma pergrandi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 27:

monilia e gemmis,

Suet. Calig. 56:

farina ex faba,

Cels. 5, 28:

potiones ex absinthio,

id. ib. et saep.:

Ennius (i. e. statua ejus) constitutus ex marmore,

Cic. Arch. 9 fin.; cf. id. Ac. 2, 31, 100:

(homo) qui ex animo constet et corpore caduco et infirmo,

id. N. D. 1, 35, 98:

natura concreta ex pluribus naturis,

id. ib. 3, 14; id. Rep. 1, 45; id. Ac. 1, 2, 6: cum Epicuro autem hoc est plus negotii, quod e duplici genere voluptatis conjunctus est, id. Fin. 2, 14, 44 et saep.—

To denote technically the material, out of, i. e. with which any thing to eat or drink, etc., is mixed or prepared (esp. freq. of medical preparations):

resinam ex melle Aegyptiam,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 28:

quo pacto ex jure hesterno panem atrum vorent,

Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 17:

bibat jejunus ex aqua castoreum,

Cels. 3, 23:

aqua ex lauro decocta,

id. 4, 2; cf.:

farina tritici ex aceto cocta,

Plin. 22, 25, 57, § 120:

pullum hirundinis servatum ex sale,

Cels. 4, 4:

nuclei pinei ex melle, panis vel elota alica ex aqua mulsa (danda est),

id. 4, 7 et saep.—So of the mixing of colors or flavors:

bacae e viridi rubentes,

Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 127:

frutex ramosus, bacis e nigro rufis,

id. ib. §

132: id solum e rubro lacteum traditur,

id. 12, 14, 30, § 52:

e viridi pallens,

id. 37, 8, 33, § 110:

apes ex aureolo variae,

Col. 9, 3, 2:

sucus ex austero dulcis,

Plin. 13, 9, 18, § 62; 21, 8, 26, § 50:

ex dulci acre,

id. 11, 15, 15, § 39; cf.

trop.: erat totus ex fraude et mendacio factus,

Cic. Clu. 26.—

To indicate the cause or reason of any thing, from, through, by, by reason of, on account of:

cum esset ex aere alieno commota civitas,

Cic. Rep. 2, 33:

ex doctrina nobilis et clarus,

id. Rab. Post. 9, 23:

ex vulnere aeger,

id. Rep. 2, 21; cf.:

ex renibus laborare,

id. Tusc. 2, 25:

ex gravitate loci vulgari morbos,

Liv. 25, 26:

ex vino vacillantes, hesterna ex potatione oscitantes,

Quint. 8, 33, 66:

gravida e Pamphilo est,

Ter. And. 1, 3, 11:

credon' tibi hoc, nunc peperisse hanc e Pamphilo?

id. ib. 3, 2, 17:

ex se nati,

Cic. Rep. 1, 35:

ex quodam conceptus,

id. ib. 2, 21:

ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum,

id. ib. 1, 44:

ex hac maxima libertate tyrannis gignitur,

id. ib. et saep.:

ex te duplex nos afficit sollicitudo,

Cic. Brut. 97, 332; cf.:

quoniam tum ex me doluisti, nunc ut duplicetur tuum ex me gaudium, praestabo,

id. Fam. 16, 21, 3:

in spem victoriae adductus ex opportunitate loci,

Sall. J. 48, 2:

veritus ex anni tempore et inopia aquae, ne siti conficeretur exercitus,

id. ib. 50, 1 et saep.:

ex Transalpinis gentibus triumphare,

Cic. Phil. 8, 6, 18; id. Off. 2, 8, 28; cf. id. Fam. 3, 10, 1:

gens Fabia saepe ex opulentissima Etrusca civitate victoriam tulit,

Liv. 2, 50:

ex tam propinquis stativis parum tuta frumentatio erat,

i. e. on account of the proximity of the two camps, Liv. 31, 36:

qua ex causa cum bellum Romanis Sabini intulissent,

Cic. Rep. 2, 7:

hic mihi (credo equidem ex hoc, quod eramus locuti) Africanus se ostendit,

id. ib. 6, 10:

quod ex eo sciri potest, quia, etc.,

id. Tusc. 1, 18 fin.; cf. id. Leg. 1, 15, 43:

causa... fuit ex eo, quod, etc.,

id. Phil. 6, 1:

ex eo fieri, ut, etc.,

id. Lael. 13, 46:

ex quo fit, ut, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 43:

e quo efficitur, non ut, etc.,

id. Fin. 2, 5, 15 et saep.—Sometimes between two substantives without a verb:

non minor ex aqua postea quam ab hostibus clades,

Flor. 4, 10, 8:

ex nausea vomitus,

Cels. 4, 5:

ex hac clade atrox ira,

Liv. 2, 51, 6:

metus ex imperatore, contemptio ex barbaris,

Tac. A. 11, 20:

ex legato timor,

id. Agr. 16 et saep.—

In partic., to indicate that from which any thing derives its name, from, after, on account of:

cui postea Africano cognomen ex virtute fuit,

Sall. J. 5, 4; cf. Flor. 2, 6, 11:

cui (sc. Tarquinio) cognomen Superbo ex moribus datum,

id. 1, 7, 1:

nomen ex vitio positum,

Ov. F. 2, 601:

quarum ex disparibus motionibus magnum annum mathematici nominaverunt,

Cic. N. D. 2, 20; id. Leg. 1, 8; cf. id. Tusc. 4, 12; Plin. 11, 37, 45, § 123:

holosteon sine duritia est, herba ex adverso appellata a Graecis,

id. 27, 10, 65, § 91:

quam urbem e suo nomine Romam jussit nominari,

Cic. Rep. 2, 7:

e nomine (nominibus),

id. ib. 2, 20; Tac. A. 4, 55; id. G. 2; Just. 15, 4, 8; 20, 5, 9 et saep.—

To indicate a transition, i. e. a change, alteration, from one state or condition to another, from, out of:

si possum tranquillum facere ex irato mihi,

Plaut. Cist. 3, 21:

fierent juvenes subito ex infantibus parvis,

Lucr. 1, 186:

dii ex hominibus facti,

Cic. Rep. 2, 10:

ut exsistat ex rege dominus, ex optimatibus factio, ex populo turba et confusio,

id. ib. 1, 45:

nihil est tam miserabile quam ex beato miser,

id. Part. 17; cf.:

ex exsule consul,

id. Manil. 4, 46:

ex perpetuo annuum placuit, ex singulari duplex,

Flor. 1, 9, 2: tua virtute nobis Romanos ex amicis amicissimos fecisti, Sall. J. 10:

ex alto sapore excitati,

Curt. 7, 11, 18.—

Ex (e) re, ex usu or ex injuria, to or for the advantage or injury of any one:

ex tua re non est, ut ego emoriar,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 102; 104; cf. Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 76: Cervius haec inter vicinus garrit aniles Ex re fabellas, i. e. fitting, suitable, pertinent (= pro commodo, quae cum re proposita conveniant), Hor. S. 2, 6, 78:

aliquid facere bene et e re publica,

for the good, the safety of the state, Cic. Phil. 10, 11, 25:

e (not ex) re publica,

id. ib. 3, 12, 30; 8, 4, 13; id. de Or. 2, 28, 124; id. Fam. 13, 8, 2; Liv. 23, 24; Suet. Caes. 19 et saep.:

exque re publica,

Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 38; 5, 13, 36:

non ex usu nostro est,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 60; Ter. Hec. 4, 3, 10; Caes. B. G. 1, 30, 2; 1, 50 fin.; 5, 6 fin. al.; cf.:

ex utilitate,

Plin. Pan. 67, 4; Tac. A. 15, 43:

ex nullius injuria,

Liv. 45, 44, 11.—

To designate the measure or rule, according to, after, in conformity with which any thing is done:

(majores) primum jurare EX SVI ANIMI SENTENTIA quemque voluerunt,

Cic. Ac. 2, 47 fin. (cf. Beier, Cic. Off. 3, 29, 108, and the references):

ex omnium sententia constitutum est, etc.,

id. Clu. 63, 177; cf.:

ex senatus sententia,

id. Fam. 12, 4:

ex collegii sententia,

Liv. 4, 53:

ex amicorum sententia,

id. 40, 29:

ex consilii sententia,

id. 45, 29 et saep.; cf.

also: ex sententia, i. q. ex voluntate,

according to one's wish, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 96: Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 32; Cic. Fam. 12, 10, 2; id. Att. 5, 21 al.;

and, in a like sense: ex mea sententia,

Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 1; id. Merc. 2, 3, 36:

ex senatus consulto,

Cic. Rep. 3, 18; Sall. C. 42 fin.:

ex edicto, ex decreto,

Cic. Fam. 13, 56 fin.; id. Quint. 8, 30:

ex lege,

id. Div. in Caecil. 5, 19; id. Clu. 37, 103; id. Inv. 1, 38, 68: ex jure, Enn. ap. Gell. 20, 10, 4 (Ann. v. 276 ed. Vahl.); Varr. L. L. 6, § 64 Mull.; Cic. Mur. 12, 26; id. de Or. 1, 10, 41:

ex foedere,

Liv. 1, 23 et saep.:

hunccine erat aequum ex illius more, an illum ex hujus vivere?

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 29; so,

ex more,

Sall. J. 61, 3; Verg. A. 5, 244; 8, 186; Ov. M. 14, 156; 15, 593; Plin. Ep. 3, 18; Flor. 4, 2, 79 al.; cf.:

ex consuetudine,

Cic. Clu. 13, 38; Caes. B. G. 1, 52, 4; 4, 32, 1; Sall. J. 71, 4; Quint. 2, 7, 1 al.:

quod esse volunt e virtute, id est honeste vivere,

Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 34:

ex sua libidine moderantur,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 4; cf. Sall. C. 8, 1:

ut magis ex animo rogare nihil possim,

Cic. Fam. 13, 8, 3:

eorum ex ingenio ingenium horum probant,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 42; cf. Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 118; Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A.:

leges ex utilitate communi, non ex scriptione, quae in litteris est, interpretari,

Cic. Inv. 1, 38; cf. id. Lael. 6, 21:

nemo enim illum ex trunco corporis spectabat, sed ex artificio comico aestimabat,

id. Rosc. Com. 10, 28; cf. Sall. C. 10, 5; Caes. B. G. 3, 20, 1; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 2 al.:

ex tuis verbis meum futurum corium pulcrum praedicas,

Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 19; cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 17; id. Att. 1, 3:

nunc quae scribo, scribo ex opinione hominum atque fama,

id. Fam. 12, 4 fin.:

scripsit Tiberio, non ut profugus aut supplex, sed ex memoria prioris fortunae,

Tac. A. 2, 63: quamquam haec quidem res non solum ex domestica est ratione;

attingit etiam bellicam,

Cic. Off. 1, 22, 76; cf. id. Quint. 11; 15 et saep.—E re rata, v. ratus.—

To form adverbial expressions, such as: ex aequo, ex commodo, ex contrario, ex composito, ex confesso, ex destinato, ex diverso, ex facili, etc., ex affluenti, ex continenti;

ex improviso, ex inopinato, etc., v. the words aequus, commodus, etc.

2, 791:

terris ex,

id. 6, 788:

quibus e sumus uniter apti,

id. 3, 839; 5, 949.—E joined with que:

que sacra quercu,

Verg. E. 7, 13.

In composition, ex (cf. dis) before vowels and h, and before c, p, q, t (exagito, exeo, exigo, exoro, exuro, exhaurio; excedo, expello, exquiro, extraho); ef (sometimes ec) before f (effero, effluo, effringo; also in good MSS. ecfero, ecfari, ecfodio), elsewhere e (eblandior, educo, egredior, eicio, eligo, emitto, enitor, evado, eveho). A few exceptions are found, viz., in ex: epoto and epotus as well as expotus, and escendo as well as exscensio; in e: exbibo as well as ebibo; exballisto, exbola; exdorsuo; exfututa as well as effutuo; exfibulo; exlex, etc. After ex in compounds s is [p. 671] often elided in MSS. and edd. Both forms are correct, but the best usage and analogy favor the retaining of the s; so, exsaevio, exsanguis, exscensio, exscindo, exscribo, exsculpo, exseco, exsecror, exsequiae, exsequor, exsero, exsicco, exsilio, exsilium, exsisto, exsolvo, exsomnis, exsorbeo, exsors, exspecto, exspes, exspiro, exspolio, exspuo, exsterno, exstimulo, exstinguo, exstirpo, exsto, exstruo, exsudo, exsugo, exsul, exsulto, exsupero, exsurgo, exsuscito, and some others, with their derivv.; cf. Ribbeck, Prol. Verg. p. 445 sq. Only in escendere and escensio is the elision of x before s sustained by preponderant usage; cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 766.—

Signification.

Primarily and most freq. of place, out or forth: exeo, elabor, educo, evado, etc.; and in an upward direction: emineo, effervesco, effero, erigo, exsurgo, exsulto, extollo, everto, etc.—Hence also, trop., out of ( a former nature), as in effeminare, qs. to change out of his own nature into that of a woman: effero, are, to render wild; thus ex comes to denote privation or negation, Engl. un-: exanimare, excusare, enodare, exonerare, effrenare, egelidus, I., elinguis, elumbis, etc.—

Throughout, to the end: effervesco, effero, elugeo; so in the neuter verbs which in composition (esp. since the Aug. per.) become active: egredior, enavigo, eno, enitor, excedo, etc.—Hence, thoroughly, utterly, completely: elaudare, emori, enecare, evastare, evincere (but eminari and eminatio are false readings for minari and minatio; q. v.); and hence a simple enhancing of the principal idea: edurus, efferus, elamentabilis, egelidus, exacerbo, exaugeo, excolo, edisco, elaboro, etc. In many compounds, however, of post - Aug. and especially of post-class. Latinity this force of ex is no longer distinct; so in appellations of color: exalbidus, exaluminatus, etc.; so in exabusus, exambire, exancillatus, etc. Vid. Hand Turs. II. Pp. 613-662.

in (old forms endŏ and indŭ, freq. in ante-class. poets; cf. Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4; id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2; Lucil. ap. Lact. 5, 9, 20; Lucr. 2, 1096; 5, 102; 6, 890 et saep.), prep. with abl. and acc. [kindr. with Sanscr. an; Greek en, en-tha, en-then, eis, i. e. en-s, ana; Goth. ana; Germ. in], denotes either rest or motion within or into a place or thing; opp. to ex; in, within, on, upon, among, at; into, to, towards.

With abl.

In space.

Lit., in (with abl. of the place or thing in which):

aliorum fructus in terra est, aliorum et extra,

Plin. 19, 4, 22, § 61:

alii in corde, alii in cerebro dixerunt animi esse sedem et locum,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 19:

eo in rostris sedente suasit Serviliam legem Crassus,

id. Brut. 43, 161:

qui sunt cives in eadem re publica,

id. Rep. 1, 32 fin.:

facillimam in ea re publica esse concordiam, in qua idem conducat omnibus,

id. ib.:

T. Labienus ex loco superiore, quae res in nostris castris gererentur, conspicatus,

Caes. B. G. 2, 26, 4:

quod si in scaena, id est in contione verum valet, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 26, 97:

in foro palam Syracusis,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 33, § 81:

plures in eo loco sine vulnere quam in proelio aut fuga intereunt,

Caes. B. C. 2, 35:

tulit de caede, quae in Appia via facta esset,

Cic. Mil. 6, 15:

in via fornicata,

Liv. 22, 36:

vigebat in illa domo mos patrius et disciplina,

Cic. de Sen. 11, 37:

in domo furtum factum ab eo qui domi fuit,

Quint. 5, 10, 16:

nupta in domo,

Liv. 6, 34, 9:

copias in castris continent,

in, within, Caes. B. C. 1, 66:

cum in angusto quodam pulpito stans diceret,

Quint. 11, 3, 130:

se ac suos in vehiculo conspici,

Liv. 5, 40, 10:

malo in illa tua sedecula sedere, quam in istorum sella curuli,

Cic. Att. 4, 10:

sedere in solio,

id. Fin. 2, 21, 66:

Albae constiterant, in urbe opportuna,

id. Phil. 4, 2, 6. —

Sometimes, also, with names of places: omnes se ultro sectari in Epheso memorat mulieres,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 182:

heri aliquot adolescentuli coiimus in Piraeo,

Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 1:

navis et in Cajeta est parata nobis et Brundisii,

Cic. Att. 8, 3, 6:

complures (naves) in Hispali faciendas curavit,

Caes. B. C. 2, 18:

caesos in Marathone ac Salamine,

Quint. 12, 10, 24:

in Berenice urbe Troglodytarum,

Plin. 2, 73, 75, § 183.—

In indicating a multitude or number, of, in, or among which a person or thing is, in, among (= gen. part.):

in his poeta hic nomen profitetur suum,

Ter. Eun. prol. 3:

Thales, qui sapientissimus in septem fuit,

Cic. Leg. 2, 11, 26:

peto ut eum complectare, diligas, in tuis habeas,

id. Fam. 13, 78, 2; cf.:

in perditis et desperatis,

id. ib. 13, 56, 1:

omnia quae secundum naturam fiunt, sunt habenda in bonis,

id. de Sen. 19, 71:

dolor in maximis malis ducitur,

id. Leg. 1, 11, 31:

justissimus unus in Teucris,

Verg. A. 2, 426:

cecidere in pugna ad duo milia... in his quatuor Romani centuriones,

Liv. 27, 12, 16:

in diis et feminae sunt,

Lact. 1, 16, 17.—

Of analogous relations of place or position:

sedere in equo,

on horseback, id. Verr. 2, 5, 10:

quid legati in equis,

id. Pis. 25, 60:

sedere in leone,

Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 109:

in eo flumine pons erat,

on, over, Caes. B. G. 2, 5:

in herboso Apidano,

on the banks of, Prop. 1, 3, 6:

in digitis,

on tiptoe, Val. Fl. 4, 267:

castra in limite locat,

on the rampart, Tac. A. 1, 50:

ipse coronam habebat unam in capite, alteram in collo,

on, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 27:

oleae in arbore,

Cels. 2, 24:

Caesaris in barbaris erat nomen obscurius,

among, Caes. B. C. 1, 61:

in ceteris nationibus, Cels. praef. 1: qui in Brutiis praeerat,

Liv. 25, 16, 7:

in juvenibus,

Quint. 11, 1, 32:

nutus in mutis pro sermone est,

id. 11, 3, 66.—Of dress, like cum, q. v.:

in veste candida,

Liv. 45, 20, 5; 34, 7, 3:

in calceis,

id. 24, 38, 2:

in insignibus,

id. 5, 41, 2:

in tunicis albis,

Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 13:

in Persico et vulgari habitu,

Curt. 3, 3, 4:

in lugubri veste,

id. 10, 5, 17:

in Tyriis,

Ov. A. A. 2, 297:

in Cois,

id. ib. v. 298; cf.:

homines in catenis Romam mittere,

Liv. 29, 21, 12; 32, 1, 8: quis multa te in rosa urget, etc., Hor C. 1, 5, 1; so, in viola aut in rosa, Cic. Tusc. [p. 912] 5, 26, 73.—So of arms:

duas legiones in armis,

Caes. B. G. 7, 11, 6; cf. Verg. A. 3, 395:

in armis hostis,

under arms, Ov. M. 12,65:

quae in ore atque in oculis provinciae gesta sunt (= coram),

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 33, § 81; so,

in oculis provinciae,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 2:

in oculis omnium,

id. ib. 1, 3, 7:

divitiae, decus, gloria in oculis sita sunt,

Sall. C. 20, 14; Curt. 4, 13, 1; Liv. 22, 12, 6:

Julianus in ore ejus (Vitellii) jugulatur,

Tac. H. 3, 77; Sen. Ben. 7, 19, 7.—Of a passage in any writing (but when the author is named, by meton., for his works, apud is used, Krebs, Antibarb. p. 561):

in populorum institutis aut legibus,

Cic. Leg. 1, 15, 42:

in illis libris qui sunt de natura deorum,

id. Fat. 1, 1:

in Timaeo dicit,

id. N. D. 1, 12, 30:

epistula, in qua omnia perscripta erant,

Nep. Pelop. 3, 2:

perscribit in litteris, hostes ab se discessisse,

Caes. B. G. 5, 49; but in is also used with an author's name when, not a place in his book, but a feature of his style, etc., is referred to:

in Thucydide orbem modo orationis desidero,

Cic. Or. 71, 234:

in Herodoto omnia leniter fluunt,

Quint. 9, 4, 18.—Of books:

libri oratorii diu in manibus fuerunt,

Cic. Att. 4, 13, 2; id. Lael. 25, 96; but more freq. trop.: in manibus habere, tenere, etc., to be engaged, occupied with, to have under control or within reach:

philosophi quamcunque rem habent in manibus,

id. Tusc. 5, 7, 18:

quam spem nunc habeat in manibus, exponam,

id. Verr. 1, 6, 16:

rem habere in manibus,

id. Att. 6, 3, 1; cf.:

neque mihi in manu fuit Jugurtha qualis foret,

in my power, Sall. J. 14, 4:

postquam nihil esse in manu sua respondebatur,

Liv. 32, 24, 2:

quod ipsorum in manu sit,... bellum an pacem malint,

Tac. A. 2, 46; but, cum tantum belli in manibus esset, was in hand, busied (cf.:

inter manus),

Liv. 4, 57, 1; so,

quorum epistulas in manu teneo,

Cic. Phil. 12, 4, 9; cf. id. Att. 2, 2, 2:

in manu poculum tenens,

id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71:

coronati et lauream in manu tenentes,

Liv. 40, 37, 3; Suet. Claud. 15 fin. —Of that which is thought of as existing in the mind, memory, character, etc.:

in animo esse,

Cic. Fam. 14, 11:

in animo habere,

id. Rosc. Am. 18, 52:

lex est ratio insita in natura,

id. Leg. 1, 6, 18:

in memoria sedere,

id. de Or. 2, 28, 122; cf.:

tacito mutos volvunt in pectore questus,

Luc. 1, 247:

quanta auctoritas fuit in C. Metello!

Cic. de Sen. 17, 61. —So freq. of a person's qualities of mind or character:

erat in eo summa eloquentia, summa fides,

Cic. Mur. 28, 58; cf.:

in omni animante est summum aliquid atque optimum, ut in equis,

id. Fin. 4, 41, 37:

si quid artis in medicis est,

Curt. 3, 5, 13; cf.:

nibil esse in morte timendum,

Lucr. 3, 866.— Esp., in eo loco, in that state or condition:

in eo enim loco res sunt nostrae, ut, etc.,

Liv. 7, 35, 7: si vos in eo loco essetis, quid aliud fecissetis? Cat. ap. Quint. 9, 2, 21; so,

quo in loco, etc.: cum ex equitum et calonum fuga, quo in loco res essent, cognovissent,

Caes. B. G. 2, 26:

videtis, quo in loco res haec siet, Ter Phorm. 2, 4, 6: quod ipse, si in eodem loco esset, facturus fuerit,

Liv. 37, 14, 5.—Hence, without loco, in eo esse ut, etc., to be in such a condition, etc.:

non in eo esse Carthaginiensium res, ut Galliam armis obtineant,

Liv. 30, 19, 3:

cum res non in eo esset, ut Cyprum tentaret,

id. 33, 41, 9; 8, 27, 3; 2, 17, 5; Nep. Mil. 7, 3; id. Paus. 5, 1 (cf. I. C. 1. infra).—

In time, indicating its duration, in, during, in the course of:

feci ego istaec itidem in adulescentia,

in my youth, when I was young, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 6:

in tempore hoc,

Ter. And. 4, 5, 24:

in hoc tempore,

Tac. A. 13, 47:

in tali tempore,

Sall. C. 48, 5; Liv. 22, 35; 24, 28 al.:

in diebus paucis,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 77:

in brevi spatio,

id. Heaut. 5, 2, 2; Suet. Vesp. 4:

in qua aetate,

Cic. Brut. 43 fin.:

in ea aetate,

Liv. 1, 57:

in omni aetate,

Cic. de Sen. 3, 9:

in aetate, qua jam Alexander orbem terrarum subegisset,

Suet. Caes. 7:

qua (sc. Iphigenia) nihil erat in eo quidem anno natum pulchrius,

in the course of, during the year, Cic. Off. 3, 25, 95 (al. eo quidem anno):

nihil in vita se simile fecisse,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 91: nihil in vita vidit calamitatis A. Cluentius. id. Clu. 6, 18:

in tota vita inconstans,

id. Tusc. 4, 13, 29.—

In tempore, at the right or proper time, in time (Cic. uses only tempore; v. tempus): eccum ipsum video in tempore huc se recipere, Ter. Phorm. 2, 4, 24:

ni pedites equitesque in tempore subvenissent,

Liv. 33, 5:

spreta in tempore gloria interdum cumulatior redit,

id. 2, 47:

rebellaturi,

Tac. A. 12, 50:

atque adeo in ipso tempore eccum ipsum obviam,

Ter. And. 3, 2, 52: in tempore, opportune. Nos sine praepositione dicimus tempore et tempori, Don. ad Ter. And. 4, 4, 19.—

In praesentia and in praesenti, at present, now, at this moment, under these circumstances:

sic enim mihi in praesentia occurrit,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 8, 14:

vestrae quidem cenae non solum in praesentia, sed etiam postero die jucundae sunt,

id. ib. 5, 35, 100:

id quod unum maxime in praesentia desiderabatur,

Liv. 21, 37:

haec ad te in praesenti scripsi, ut, etc.,

for the present, Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 4.—

With gerunds and fut. pass. participles, to indicate duration of time, in:

fit, ut distrahatur in deliberando animus,

Cic. Off. 1, 3, 9; id. Fam. 2, 6, 2:

vitiosum esse in dividendo partem in genere numerare,

id. Fin. 2, 9, 26:

quod in litteris dandis praeter consuetudinem proxima nocte vigilarat,

id. Cat. 3, 3, 6:

ne in quaerendis suis pugnandi tempus dimitteret,

Caes. B. G. 2, 21:

in agris vastandis incendiisque faciendis hostibus,

in laying waste, id. ib. 5, 19:

in excidenda Numantia,

Cic. Off. 1, 22, 76:

cum in immolanda Iphigenia tristis Calchas esset,

id. Or. 21, 74.—

In other relations, where a person or thing is thought of as in a certain condition, situation, or relation, in:

qui magno in aere alieno majores etiam possessiones habent,

Cic. Cat. 2, 8, 18:

se in insperatis repentinisque pecuniis jactare,

id. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

Larinum in summo timore omnium cum armatis advolavit,

id. Clu. 8, 25.—

So freq., of qualities or states of mind: summa in sollicitudine ac timore Parthici belli,

Caes. B. C. 3, 31:

torpescentne dextrae in amentia illa?

Liv. 23, 9, 7:

hunc diem perpetuum in laetitia degere,

Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 5; Cic. Cat. 4, 1, 2:

in metu,

Tac. A. 14, 43:

in voluptate,

Cic. Fin. 1, 19, 62:

alicui in amore esse,

beloved, id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 3:

alicui in amoribus esse,

id. Att. 6, 1, 12:

res in invidia erat,

Sall. J. 25, 5; Liv. 29, 37, 17: sum in expectatione omnium rerum, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 10:

num... Diogenem Stoicum coegit in suis studiis obmutescere senectus?

in his studies, Cic. de Sen. 7, 21:

mirificam cepi voluptatem ex tua diligentia: quod in summis tuis occupationibus mihi tamen rei publicae statum per te notum esse voluisti,

even in, notwithstanding your great occupations, id. Fam. 3, 11, 4.—

So freq., of business, employment, occupations, etc.: in aliqua re versari,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 47, § 105:

similia iis, quae in consilio dixerat,

Curt. 5, 5, 23:

in certamine armorum atque in omni palaestra quid satis recte cavetur,

Quint. 9, 4, 8:

agi in judiciis,

id. 11, 1, 78:

tum vos mihi essetis in consilio,

Cic. Rep. 3, 18, 28:

in actione... dicere,

Quint. 8, 2, 2.—Of an office, magistracy:

in quo tum magistratu forte Brutus erat,

Liv. 1, 59, 7; 4, 17, 1:

in eo magistratu pari diligentia se praebuit,

Nep. Han. 7, 5 (cf. B. 1. supra):

in ea ipsa causa fuit eloquentissimus,

Cic. Brut, 43, 160:

qui non defendit nec obsistit, si potest, injuriae, tam est in vitio, quam, etc.,

is in the wrong, acts wrongly, id. Off. 1, 7, 23:

etsi hoc quidem est in vitio, dissolutionem naturae tam valde perhorrescere,

is wrong, id. Fin. 5, 11, 31:

non sunt in eo genere tantae commoditates corporis,

id. ib. 4, 12, 29; cf.:

an omnino nulla sit in eo genere distinctio,

id. Or. 61, 205:

Drusus erat de praevaricatione absolutus in summa quatuor sententiis,

on the whole, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 16; cf.:

et in omni summa, ut mones, valde me ad otium pacemque converto,

id. ib. 3, 5, 5;

but, in summa, sic maxime judex credit, etc.,

in a word, in fine, Quint. 9, 2, 72; Auct. B. Alex. 71; Just. 37, 1, 8:

horum (juvenum) inductio in parte simulacrum decurrentis exercitus erat: ex parte elegantioris exercitii quam militaris artis,

in part, Liv. 44, 9, 5; cf.:

quod mihi in parte verum videtur,

Quint. 2, 8, 6:

patronorum in parte expeditior, in parte difficilior interrogatio est,

id. 5, 7, 22:

hoc facere in eo homine consueverunt,

in the case of, Caes. B. G. 7, 21:

in furibus aerarii,

Sall. C. 52, 12:

Achilles talis in hoste fuit,

Verg. A. 2, 540:

in hoc homine saepe a me quaeris, etc.,

in the case of, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 6: in nominibus impiis, Sall. C. 51, 15:

suspectus et in morte matris fuit,

Suet. Vit. 14:

qui praesentes metuunt, in absentia hostes erunt, = absentes,

Curt. 6, 3, 8 (cf. I. B. c. supra).—Of the meaning of words, etc.:

non solum in eodem sensu, sed etiam in diverso, eadem verba contra,

Quint. 9, 3, 36:

aliter voces aut eaedem in diversa significatione ponuntur,

id. 9, 3, 69:

Sallustius in significatione ista non superesse sed superare dicit,

Gell. 1, 22, 15:

stips non dicitur in significatione trunci,

Charis. 1, 18, 39:

semper in significatione ea hortus,

Plin. 19, 4, 19, § 50. —

In with abl. of adjj. is used with the verbs esse and habere to express quality:

cum exitus haud in facili essent, i. e. haud faciles,

Liv. 3, 8, 9:

adeo moderatio tuendae libertatis in difficili est,

id. 3, 8, 11; 3, 65, 11; but mostly with adjj. of the first and second declension:

in obscuro esse, Liv. praef. § 3: in dubio esse,

id. 2, 3, 1; 3, 19, 8; Ov. H. 19, 174:

dum in dubiost animus,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 31; 2, 2, 10:

in integro esse,

Cic. Fam. 15, 16, 3; id. Att. 11, 15, 4:

in incerto esse,

Liv. 5, 28, 5:

in obvio esse,

id. 37, 23, 1:

in tuto esse,

id. 38, 4, 10; cf.:

videre te in tuto,

Cat. 30, 6:

in aequo esse,

Liv. 39, 37, 14; Tac. A. 2, 44:

in expedito esse,

Curt. 4, 2, 22:

in proximo esse,

Quint. 1, 3, 4:

in aperto esse,

Sall. C. 5, 3:

in promisco esse,

Liv. 7, 17, 7:

in augusto esse,

Cels. 5, 27, 2:

in incerto haberi,

Sall. J. 46, 8; Tac. A. 15, 17:

in levi habitum,

id. H. 2, 21; cf.:

in incerto relinquere,

Liv. 5, 28, 5; Tac. H. 2, 83.

With acc.

In space, with verbs of motion, into or to a place or thing (rarely with names of towns and small islands;

v. Zumpt, Gram. § 398): influxit non tenuis quidam e Graecia rivulus in hanc urbem,

Cic. Rep. 2, 19:

in Ephesum advenit,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 35:

in Epirum venire,

Cic. Att. 13, 25, 3:

ibo in Piraeeum, visamque, ecquae advenerit in portum ex Epheso navis mercatoria,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 2: venio ad Piraeea, in quo magis reprehendendus sum, quod... Piraeea scripserim, non Piraeeum, quam in quod addiderim;

non enim hoc ut oppido praeposui, sed ut loco,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 10:

se contulisse Tarquinios, in urbem Etruriae florentissimam,

id. Rep. 2, 19:

remigrare in domum veterem e nova,

id. Ac. 1, 4, 13:

cum in sua rura venerunt,

id. Tusc. 5, 35, 102:

a te ipso missi in ultimas gentes,

id. Fam. 15, 9:

in Ubios legatos mittere,

Caes. B. G. 4, 11:

dein Thalam pervenit, in oppidum magnum et opulentum,

Sall. J. 75, 1:

Regillum antiquam in patriam se contulerat,

Liv. 3, 58, 1:

abire in exercitum,

Plaut. Am. prol. 102.— With nuntio:

cum id Zmyrnam in contionem nuntiatum est,

Tac. A. 4, 56:

nuntiatur in castra,

Lact. Most. Pers. 46; cf.:

allatis in castra nuntiis,

Tac. H. 4, 32: in manus sumere, tradere, etc., into one's hands:

iste unumquodque vas in manus sumere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 27, § 63:

Falerios se in manus Romanis tradidisse,

Liv. 5, 27, 3.—Rarely with the verbs ponere, collocare, etc. (pregn., i. e. to bring into... and place there):

in crimen populo ponere,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 10:

ut liberos, uxores suaque omnia in silvas deponerent,

Caes. B. G. 4, 19:

duplam pecuniam in thesauros reponi,

Liv. 29, 19, 7:

prius me collocavi in arborem,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 8, 6:

sororem et propinquas suas nuptum in alias civitates collocasse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 18.— Motion in any direction, up to, to, into, down to:

in caelum ascendere,

Cic. Lael. 23 fin.:

filium ipse paene in umeros suos extulisset,

id. de Or. 1, 53, 228:

tamquam in aram confugitis ad deum,

up to the altar, id. Tusc. 3, 10, 25:

Saturno tenebrosa in Tartara misso,

Ov. M. 1, 113:

in flumen deicere,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 25, 70; Nep. Chab. 4, 3.—

Denoting mere direction towards a place or thing, and hence sometimes joined with versus, towards:

quid nunc supina sursum in caelum conspicis,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 78:

si in latus aut dextrum aut sinistrum, ut ipsi in usu est, cubat,

Cels. 2, 3:

Belgae spectant in septentriones et orientem solem,

Caes. B. G. 1, 1:

in orientem Germaniae, in occidentem Hispaniae obtenditur, Gallis in meridiem etiam inspicitur,

Tac. Agr. 10:

in laevum prona nixus sedet Inachus urna,

Stat. Th. 2, 218.—With versus:

castra ex Biturigibus movet in Arvernos versus,

towards, Caes. B. G. 7, 8 fin.:

in Galliam versus movere,

Sall. C. 56, 4: in [p. 913] ltaliam versus, Front. Strat. 1, 4, 11:

si in urbem versus venturi erant,

Plin. Ep. 10, 82. —

So of that which is thought of as entering into the mind, memory, etc. (cf. I. A. 2. fin.):

in memoriam reducere,

Cic. Inv 1, 52, 98:

in animum inducere,

Liv. 27, 9:

in mentem venire,

Cic. Fam. 7, 3:

frequens imitatio transit in mores,

Quint. 1, 11, 3. —

Or into a writing or speech: in illam Metellinam orationem addidi quaedam,

Cic. Att. 1, 13, 5.—

In time, into, till, for:

dormiet in lucem,

into the daylight, till broad day, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 34:

statim e somno, quem plerumque in diem extrahunt, lavantur,

Tac. G. 22: sermonem in multam noctem produximus, deep into the night, Cic. Rep. Fragm. ap. Arus. Mess. p. 239 Lindem.:

in multam noctem luxit,

Suet. Tib. 74:

si febris in noctem augetur,

Cels. 7, 27:

dixit in noctem atque etiam nocte illatis lucernis,

Plin. Ep. 4, 9, 14:

indutias in triginta annos impetraverunt,

for thirty years, Liv. 9, 37, 12; 7, 20, 8:

nisi id verbum in omne tempus perdidissem,

forever, Cic. Fam. 5, 15, 1:

ad cenam hominem in hortos invitavit in posterum diem,

for the following day, id. Off. 3, 14, 58:

audistis auctionem constitutam in mensem Januarium,

id. Agr. 1, 2, 4:

subito reliquit annum suum seque in annum proximum transtulit,

id. Mil. 9, 24:

solis defectiones itemque lunae praedicuntur in multos annos,

for many years, id. Div. 2, 6, 17:

postero die Romani ab sole orto in multum diei stetere in acie,

Liv. 27, 2:

qui ab matutino tempore duraverunt in occasum,

Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99:

seritur (semen lini) a Kalendis Octobribus in ortum aquilae,

Col. 2, 10, 17.—With usque:

neque illi didicerunt haec usque in senectutem,

Quint. 12, 11, 20:

in illum usque diem servati,

id. 8, 3, 68:

in serum usque patente cubiculo,

Suet. Oth. 11:

regnum trahat usque in tempora fati,

Sil. 11, 392: in posterum (posteritatem) or in futurum, in future, for the future: in praesens, for the present: in perpetuum or in aeternum, forever:

sancit in posterum, ne quis, etc.,

Cic. Cat. 4, 5, 10:

res dilata est in posterum,

id. Fam. 10, 12, 3:

video quanta tempestas invidiae nobis, si minus in praesens, at in posteritatem impendeat,

id. Cat. 1, 9, 22:

id aegre et in praesentia hi passi et in futurum etiam metum ceperunt,

Liv. 34, 27, 10; cf.:

ingenti omnium et in praesens laetitia et in futurum spe,

id. 30, 17, 1:

effugis in futurum,

Tac. H. 1, 71:

quod eum tibi quaestoris in loco constitueras, idcirco tibi amicum in perpetuum fore putasti?

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 30; cf.:

oppidum omni periculo in perpetuum liberavit,

id. Fam. 13, 4, 2:

quae (leges) non in tempus aliquod, sed perpetuae utilitatis causa in aeternum latae sunt,

Liv. 34, 6, 4: in tempus, for a while, for a short time, for the occasion (postAug.):

sensit miles in tempus conficta,

Tac. A. 1, 37:

ne urbs sine imperio esset, in tempus deligebatur, qui jus redderet,

id. ib. 6, 11:

scaena in tempus structa,

id. ib. 14, 20. —So in diem, for the day, to meet the day's want:

nihil ex raptis in diem commeatibus superabat,

Liv. 22, 40, 8:

rapto in diem frumento,

id. 4, 10, 1;

but, cum illa fundum emisset in diem,

i. e. a fixed day of payment, Nep. Att. 9, 5: in singulos dies, or simply in dies, with comparatives and verbs denoting increase, from day to day, daily:

vitium in dies crescit,

Vell. 2, 5, 2:

in dies singulos breviores litteras ad te mitto,

Cic. Att. 5, 7:

qui senescat in dies,

Liv. 22, 39, 15: in diem, daily:

nos in diem vivimus,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 33:

in diem et horam,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 47;

and in horas,

hourly, id. C. 2, 13, 14; id. S. 2, 7, 10.—

In other relations, in which an aiming at, an inclining or striving towards a thing, is conceivable, on, about, respecting; towards, against; for, as; in, to; into:

id, quod apud Platonem est in philosophos dictum,

about the philosophers, Cic. Off. 1, 9, 28:

Callimachi epigramma in Ambraciotam Cleombrotum est,

id. Tusc. 1, 34, 84; cf.:

cum cenaret Simonides apud Scopam cecinissetque id car men, quod in eum scripsisset, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 86, 352:

quo amore tandem inflammati esse debemus in ejus modi patriam,

towards, id. ib. 1, 44, 196:

in liberos nostros indulgentia,

id. ib. 2, 40, 168:

de suis meritis in rem publicam aggressus est dicere,

id. Or. 38, 133: ita ad impietatem in deos, in homines adjunxit injuriam, against, id. N. D. 3, 34 fin.:

in dominum quaeri,

to be examined as a witness against, id. Mil. 22, 60:

in eos impetum facere,

id. Att. 2, 22, 1:

invehi in Thebanos,

Nep. Epam. 6, 1; id. Tim. 5, 3:

quaecumque est hominis definitio, una in omnes valet,

id. Leg. 1, 10, 29:

num etiam in deos immortales inauspicatam legem valuisse?

Liv. 7, 6, 11:

vereor coram in os te laudare amplius,

to your face, Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 5:

si in me exerciturus (pugnos), quaeso, in parietem ut primum domes,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 168:

in puppim rediere rates,

Luc. 3, 545 Burm. (cf.:

sic equi dicuntur in frena redire, pulsi in terga recedere, Sulp. ad loc.): Cumis eam vidi: venerat enim in funus: cui funeri ego quoque operam dedi,

to the funeral, to take charge of the funeral, Cic. Att. 15, 1, B:

se quisque eum optabat, quem fortuna in id certamen legeret,

Liv. 21, 42, 2:

quodsi in nullius mercedem negotia eant, pauciora fore,

Tac. A. 11, 6:

haec civitas mulieri redimiculum praebeat, haec in collum, haec in crines,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 33:

Rhegium quondam in praesidium missa legio,

Liv. 28, 28; so,

datae in praesidium cohortes,

Tac. H. 4, 35: hoc idem significat Graecus ille in eam sententiam versus, to this effect or purport, Cic. Div. 2, 10, 25; cf. id. Fam. 9, 15, 4:

haec et in eam sententiam cum multa dixisset,

id. Att. 2, 22:

qui omnia sic exaequaverunt, ut in utramque partem ita paria redderent, uti nulla selectione uterentur,

id. Fin. 3, 4, 12:

in utramque partem disputat,

on both sides, for and against, id. Off. 3, 23, 89: te rogo, me tibi in omnes partes defendendum putes, Vatin. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 10 fin.:

facillime et in optimam partem cognoscuntur adulescentes, qui se ad claros et sapientes viros contulerunt,

id. Off. 2, 13, 46:

cives Romani servilem in modum cruciati et necati,

in the manner of slaves, Cic. Verr. 1, 5, 13; cf.:

miserandum in modum milites populi Romani capti, necati sunt,

id. Prov. Cons. 3, 5:

senior quidam Veiens vaticinantis in modum cecinit,

Liv. 5, 15, 4;

also: domus et villae in urbium modum aedificatae,

Sall. C. 12, 3:

perinde ac si in hanc formulam omnia judicia legitima sint,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 5, 15:

judicium quin acciperet in ea ipsa verba quae Naevius edebat, non recusasse,

id. Quint. 20, 63; cf.:

senatusconsultum in haec verba factum,

Liv. 30, 43, 9:

pax data Philippo in has leges est,

id. 33, 30:

Gallia omnis divisa est in partes tres,

Caes. B. G. 1, 1; cf.:

quae quidem in confirmationem et reprehensionem dividuntur,

Cic. Part. Or. 9, 33: describebat censores binos in singulas civitates, i. e. for or over each state, id. Verr. 2, 2, 53; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 26:

itaque Titurium Tolosae quaternos denarios in singulas vini amphoras portorii nomine exegisse,

id. Font. 5, 9:

extulit eum plebs sextantibus collatis in capita,

a head, for each person, Liv. 2, 33 fin.:

Macedonibus treceni nummi in capita statutum est pretium,

id. 32, 17, 2; cf.:

Thracia in Rhoemetalcen filium... inque liberos Cotyis dividitur (i. e. inter),

Tac. A. 2, 67.—

Of the object or end in view, regarded also as the motive of action or effect:

non te in me illiberalem, sed me in se neglegentem putabit,

Cic. Fam. 13, 1, 16:

neglegentior in patrem,

Just. 32, 3, 1:

in quem omnes intenderat curas,

Curt. 3, 1, 21:

quos ardere in proelia vidi,

Verg. A. 2, 347:

in bellum ardentes,

Manil. 4, 220:

nutante in fugam exercitu,

Flor. 3, 10, 4:

in hanc tam opimam mercedem agite ( = ut eam vobis paretis, Weissenb. ad loc.),

Liv. 21, 43, 7:

certa praemia, in quorum spem pugnarent,

id. 21, 45, 4:

in id sors dejecta,

id. 21, 42, 2:

in id fide accepta,

id. 28, 17, 9:

in spem pacis solutis animis,

id. 6, 11, 5 et saep.:

ingrata misero vita ducenda est in hoc, ut, etc.,

Hor. Epod. 17, 63:

nec in hoc adhibetur, ut, etc.,

Sen. Ep. 16, 3:

alius non in hoc, ut offenderet, facit, id. de Ira, 2, 26, 3: in quod tum missi?

Just. 38, 3, 4.—So, like ad, with words expressing affections or inclination of the mind:

in obsequium plus aequo pronus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 10:

paratus in res novas,

Tac. H. 4, 32:

in utrumque paratus,

Verg. A. 2, 61.—

Of the result of an act or effort:

denique in familiae luctum atque in privignorum funus nupsit,

Cic. Clu. 66, 188:

paratusque miles, ut ordo agminis in aciem adsisteret,

Tac. A. 2, 16: excisum Euboicae latus ingens rupis in antrum, Verg. A. 6, 42:

portus ab Euroo fluctu curvatus in arcum,

id. ib. 3, 533:

populum in obsequia principum formavit,

Just. 3, 2, 9:

omnium partium decus in mercedem conruptum erat,

Sall. H. 1, 13 Dietsch:

commutari ex veris in falsa,

Cic. Fat. 9, 17; 9, 18:

in sollicitudinem versa fiducia est,

Curt. 3, 8, 20.—

Esp. in the phrase: in gratiam or in honorem, alicujus, in kindness, to show favor, out of good feeling, to show honor, etc., to any one (first in Liv.; cf. Weissenb. ad Liv. 28, 21, 4;

Krebs, Antibarb. p. 562): in gratiam levium sociorum injuriam facere,

Liv. 39, 26, 12:

pugnaturi in gratiam ducis,

id. 28, 21, 4:

quorum in gratiam Saguntum deleverat Hannibal,

id. 28, 39, 13; cf. id. 35, 2, 6; 26, 6, 16:

oratio habita in sexus honorem,

Quint. 1, 1, 6:

convivium in honorem victoriae,

id. 11, 2, 12:

in honorem Quadratillae,

Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 7:

in honorem tuum,

Sen. Ep. 20, 7; 79, 2; 92, 1; Vell. 2, 41 al.—

In the phrase, in rem esse, to be useful, to avail (cf.: e re esse;

opp.: contra rem esse): ut aequom est, quod in rem esse utrique arbitremur,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 10:

si in rem est Bacchidis,

Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 27; 2, 2, 7:

hortatur, imperat, quae in rem sunt,

Liv. 26, 44, 7:

cetera, quae cognosse in rem erat,

id. 22, 3, 2; 44, 19, 3:

in rem fore credens universos adpellare,

Sall. C. 20, 1; cf.:

in duas res magnas id usui fore,

Liv. 37, 15, 7:

in hos usus,

Verg. A. 4, 647.—

To form adverbial expressions:

non nominatim, qui Capuae, sed in universum qui usquam coissent, etc.,

in general, Liv. 9, 26, 8; cf.:

terra etsi aliquanto specie differt, in universum tamen aut silvis horrida aut paludibus foeda,

Tac. G. 5:

in universum aestimanti, etc.,

id. ib. 6:

aestate in totum, si fieri potest, abstinendum est (Venere),

wholly, entirely, Cels. 1, 3 fin.; cf. Col. 2, 1, 2:

in plenum dici potest, etc.,

fully, Plin. 16, 40, 79, § 217:

Marii virtutem in majus celebrare,

beyond due bounds, Sall. J. 73, 5:

aliter se corpus habere atque consuevit, neque in pejus tantum, sed etiam in melius,

for the worse, for the better, Cels. 2, 2:

in deterius,

Tac. A. 14, 43:

in mollius,

id. ib. 14, 39:

quid enim est iracundia in supervacuum tumultuante frigidius? Sen. de Ira, 2, 11: civitas saepta muris neque in barbarum corrupta (v. barbarus),

Tac. A. 6, 42; cf.:

aucto in barbarum cognomento,

id. H. 5, 2:

priusquam id sors cerneret, in incertum, ne quid gratia momenti faceret, in utramque provinciam decerni,

while the matter was uncertain, Liv. 43, 12, 2:

nec puer Iliaca quisquam de gente Latinos In tantum spe tollet avos,

so much, Verg. A. 6, 876:

in tantum suam felicitatem virtutemque enituisse,

Liv. 22, 27, 4; cf.:

quaedam (aquae) fervent in tantum, ut non possint esse usui,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 24:

viri in tantum boni, in quantum humana simplicitas intellegi potest,

Vell. 2, 43, 4:

quippe pedum digitos, in quantum quaeque secuta est, Traxit,

Ov. M. 11, 71:

meliore in omnia ingenio animoque quam fortuna usus,

in all respects, Vell. 2, 13:

ut simul in omnia paremur,

Quint. 11, 3, 25:

in antecessum dare,

beforehand, Sen. Ep. 118.—

Sometimes with esse, habere, etc., in is followed by the acc. (constr. pregn.), to indicate a direction, aim, purpose, etc. (but v. Madvig. Gram. § 230, obs. 2, note, who regards these accusatives as originating in errors of pronunciation); so, esse in potestatem alicujus, to come into and remain in one ' s power: esse in mentem alicui, to come into and be in one ' s mind: esse in conspectum, to appear to and be in sight: esse in usum, to come into use, be used, etc.:

quod, qui illam partem urbis tenerent, in eorum potestatem portum futurum intellegebant,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 38:

ut portus in potestatem Locrensium esset,

Liv. 24, 1, 13; 2, 14, 4:

eam optimam rem publicam esse duco, quae sit in potestatem optimorum,

Cic. Leg. 3, 17:

neque enim sunt motus in nostram potestatem,

Quint. 6, 2, 29:

numero mihi in mentem fuit,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 25; cf.:

ecquid in mentem est tibi?

id. Bacch. 1, 2, 53:

nec prius surrexisse ac militibus in conspectum fuisse, quam, etc.,

Suet. Aug. 16:

quod satis in usum fuit, sublato, ceterum omne incensum est,

Liv. 22, 20, 6: ab hospitibus clientibusque suis, ab exteris nationibus, quae in amicitiam populi Romani dicionemque essent, injurias propulsare, Cic. Div. ap. Caecil. 20, 66: adesse in senatum [p. 914] jussit a. d. XIII. Kal. Octobr., id. Phil. 5, 7, 19.—Less freq. with habere: facito in memoriam habeas tuam majorem filiam mihi te despondisse, call or bring to mind, Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 108:

M. Minucium magistrum equitum, ne quid rei bellicae gereret, prope in custodiam habitum,

put in prison, kept in prison, Liv. 22, 25, 6:

reliquos in custodiam habitos,

Tac. H. 1, 87.—So rarely with other verbs:

pollicetur se provinciam Galliam retenturum in senatus populique Romani potestatem,

Cic. Phil. 3, 4, 8. —

In composition, n regularly becomes assimilated to a foll. l, m, or r, and is changed before the labials into m: illabor, immitto, irrumpo, imbibo, impello.—As to its meaning, according as it is connected with a verb of rest or motion, it conveys the idea of existence in a place or thing, or of motion, direction, or inclination into or to a place or thing: inesse; inhibere, inferre, impellere, etc. See Hand, Turs. III. pp. 243- 356.

in (before b and p, im; before l, m, and r, the n assimilates itself to these consonants), an inseparable particle [kindred with Sanscr. a-, an-; Gr. a-, an; Goth. and Germ. un-], which negatives the meaning of the noun or participle with which it is connected; Engl. un-, in-, not: impar, unequal: intolerabilis, unbearable, intolerable: immitis, not mild, rude, etc.

juxtā, adv. and prep. [ sup. form from jugis; v. jungo], near to, nigh.

Lit., of place.

Of several objects, near together, in close proximity:

theatra duo juxta fecit amplissima e ligno,

Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 117.—

In gen., near at hand, near, near by, hard by, close to, by the side of:

legio, quae juxta constiterat,

Caes. B. G. 2, 26, 1:

ut sellam juxta poneret,

Sall. J. 65, 2:

furiarum maxima juxta Accubat,

Verg. A. 6, 605:

forte fuit juxta tumulus,

id. ib. 3, 22:

procul vel juxta sitas vires circumspectabat,

Tac. H. 2, 72: talem perlatum Pompeio juxta res gerenti Mithridatico bello, Plin. 6, 17, 19, § 51:

abjecto clam juxta pugione,

Suet. Ner. 34:

thermisque juxta celeriter constructis,

id. Tit. 7.—

Rarely with verbs of motion: accedere juxta,

Ov. M. 8, 809.—

Transf., in like manner, equally, alike (syn.: aeque, pariter).

Absol.:

eorum ego vitam mortemque juxta aestimo,

Sall. C. 2:

aestatem et hiemem juxta pati,

id. J. 85, 33:

ceteri juxta insontes,

Liv. 24, 5, 13:

qui Argenta habent, aliaque castella juxta ignobilia,

id. 32, 14, 2:

juxta periculosum seu ficta seu vera promeret,

Tac. A. 1, 6:

solo caeloque juxta gravi,

id. H. 5, 7.—

With dat.:

Fabius omittendam rem parvam ac juxta magnis difficilem censebat,

Liv. 24, 19, 6.—

With ac, atque, et, quam, cum, in the sense of as, than (cf.:

aeque ac, pariter ac, etc.): juxta tecum aeque scio,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 75:

juxta eam curo cum mea,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 160 (so always in Plaut.;

v. Brix ad loc.): juxta mecum omnes intellegitis,

Sall. C. 58, 5:

absentium bona juxta atque interemptorum divisa fuere,

Liv. 1, 54, 9; 3, 33, 10:

juxta eam rem aegre passi patres, quam cum consulatum vulgari viderent,

i. e. were just as indignant, id. 10, 6, 9: qui me, juxta ac si meus frater esset, sustentavit, just as if, = non secus ac si, Cic. post Red. ap. Sen. 8, 20:

juxta ac si hostes adessent,

Sall. J. 45, 2; Liv. 22, 31, 3:

in re juxta manifesta atque atroci,

id. 3, 33, 10; 24, 5, 13; 21, 33, 4;

5, 6, 5: reipublicae juxta ac sibi consulere,

Sall. C. 37, 8:

litteris Graecis atque Latinis juxta eruditus,

id. J. 95, 3:

juxta bonos et malos interficere,

id. C. 51, 30.—

Prep., with acc., very near, close to, near to, hard by (not ante-class.).

Lit., of place:

juxta eum castra posuit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 41, 4; 3, 65, 4; 3, 20, 1; Nep. Dat. 1, 1; id. Att. 22 fin.; Quint. 8, 4, 22:

juxta murum castra posuit,

Caes. B. C. 1, 16, 4:

totos dies juxta focum atque ignem agunt,

Tac. G. 17; Col. 4, 8, 2.—Placed after the case:

hanc (aram) juxta,

Nep. Paus. 4, 4:

vicina Ceraunia juxta,

Verg. A. 3, 506:

cubiculum Caesaris juxta,

Tac. A. 13, 15 fin.:

Rhenum juxta,

id. ib. 4, 5:

Tiberim juxta,

id. ib. 2, 41:

Aditum juxta moenia urbis Volsco militi struxit,

Val. Max. 5, 4, 1.—

Transf.

Next to, immediately after, beside, on a par with:

juxta deos in tua manu positum est,

Tac. H. 2, 76:

apud quos juxta divinas religiones, humana fides colitur,

Liv. 9, 9, 4:

homo, juxta M. Varronem doctissimus,

Gell. 4, 9:

vilitate juxta beluas esse,

Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 26.—

Near, approaching to, like, almost the same as:

velocitas juxta formidinem, cunctatio propior constantiae est,

Tac. G. 30:

gravitate annonae juxta seditionem ventum est,

id. A. 6, 13:

juxta seditionem esse,

Sall. H. 3, 67, 11 Dietsch:

populi imperium juxta libertatem,

Tac. A. 6, 42:

sapor juxta fontis dulcissimos,

Sall. H. 4, 13.—

Along with, together with: cum interea lucubrando faceret juxta ancillas lanam, Varr. ap. Non. 322: juxta se conjuges vexari, just as:

pariter ac,

Liv. 41, 6:

periculosiores sunt inimicitiae juxta libertatem,

among a free people, Tac. G. 21.—

In consequence of, in proportion to (post-class., except one doubtful passage in Liv.):

huic consuetudo juxta vicinitatem cum Aebutio fuit,

Liv. 39, 9, 6 dub. Weissenb. ad loc.:

quem juxta nocturnum visum ergastulo liberavit,

Just. 1, 7, 1:

convivium juxta regiam magnificentiam ludis exornat,

id. 12, 3, 11.—

According to:

juxta praeceptum,

Just. 2, 12, 25; Nazar. Pan. Const. 23; Vulg. Gen. 1, 11:

juxta morem,

id. ib. 19, 31:

juxta hoc videtur et divus Hadrianus rescripsisse in haec verba,

Dig. 29, 5, 1, § 28:

juxta inclytum oratorem,

Hier. Ep. 82.

nŏta, ae, f. [nosco], a mark, sign, note (cf.: signum, insigne, indicium): nota alias significat signum; ut in pecoribus, tabulis, libris, litterae singulae aut binae, alias ignominiam, Paul. ex Fest. p. 174 Müll. (v. in the foll.).

Lit.

In gen.:

reliquis epistulis notam apponam eam, quae mihi tecum convenit,

Cic. Fam. 13, 6, a, 2:

si signa et notas ostenderem locorum,

id. de Or. 2, 41, 174; Liv. 37, 31:

sive puer furens Impressit memorem dente labris notam,

Hor. C. 1, 13, 11:

caeruleae cui (angui) notae,

Verg. A. 5, 87.—

In partic.

Notae litterarum, marks or characters in writing, letters:

qui sonos vocis, qui infiniti videbantur, paucis litterarum notis terminavit,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 25, 62:

sortes in robore insculptae priscarum litterarum notis,

id. Div. 2, 41, 85.—So without litterarum:

quosque legat versus oculo properante viator, Grandibus in tituli marmore caede notis,

Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 72:

foliisque notas et nomina mandat,

Verg. A. 3, 444: C nota praenominis, cum sola Gaium notat;

item numeri cum centum significat,

Diom. 418 P.—

Transf., notae, a letter, epistle, writing ( poet.):

inspicit acceptas hostis ab hoste notas,

Ov. H. 4, 6; 20, 207; id. M. 6, 577:

incisa notis marmora publicis,

Hor. C. 4, 8, 13.—

Secret characters, secret writing, cipher:

in quibus (epistulis), si qua occultius perferenda essent, per notas scripsit,

Suet. Caes. 56; id. Aug. 88; Cic. Mur. 11, 25; cf. Gell. 17, 9; Isid. Orig. 1, 25.—

Short-hand characters, stenographic signs, used instead of the letters of the alphabet:

apud veteres cum usus notarum nullus esset, propter perscribendi difficultatem... quaedam verba atque nomina ex communi sensu primis litteris notabant, et singulae litterae quid significarent, in promptu erat,

Val. Prob. de Jur. Not. Signif. 1:

quid verborum notas, quibus quamvis citata excipitur oratio et celeritatem linguae manus sequitur?

Sen. Ep. 90, 25; Suet. Tit. 3:

notis scriptae tabulae non continentur edicto, quia notas litteras non esse Pedius scripsit,

Dig. 37, 1, 6; ib. 50, 13, 1, § 7: verba notis brevibus comprendere cuncta peritus, Raptimque punctis dicta praepetibus sequi, Prud. steph. 9, 23.—

Memoranda, notes, brief extracts:

idem (Aristoteles) locos, quasi argumentorum notas, tradidit,

Cic. Or. 14, 46.—

A note in music:

notis musicis cantica excipere,

Quint. 1, 12, 14. —

A critical mark, made on the margin of a book in reading, to point out particular passages:

notam apponere ad malum versum,

Cic. Pis. 30, 73:

mittam tibi libros, et imponam notas, ut ad ea ipsa protinus, quae probo et miror accedas,

Sen. Ep. 6, 4; cf. Isid. Orig. 1, 21; Varr. R. R. 1, 59, 2.— Hence,

Transf., a critical remark, a note, on a writing:

ex notā Marcelli constat, etc.,

Dig. 49, 17, 10; Cod. Th. 1, 4, 1.—

A mark on a wine-cask, to denote the quality of the wine:

nota Falerni,

Hor. C. 2, 3, 8; id. S. 1, 10, 24.—Hence,

Transf., a sort, kind, quality:

eae notae sunt optimae,

i. e. wines of those brands, Cic. Brut. 83, 287:

ex hac notā corporum est aër,

Sen. Q. N. 2, 2, 4:

secundae notae mel,

Col. 9, 15, 3:

eum ex hac notā litteratorum esse,

Petr. 83: de meliore notā, Cur. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 29, 1:

quaedam beneficia non sunt ex hac vulgari notā, sed majora,

Sen. Ben. 3, 9, 1.—

A distinguishing mark. distinctive feature:

cujusque generis dicendi nota,

Cic. Or. 23, 75; Phaedr. 4, 22, 22.—

A nod, beck, sign:

innuet: acceptas tu quoque redde notas,

Ov. A. A. 3, 514; id. M. 11, 466. —

A brand on the body of a bad slave:

multos honesti ordinis, deformatos prius stigmatum notis, ad metalla condemnavit,

Suet. Calig. 27.—Also of tattoo-marks:

barbarus compunctus notis Thraciis,

Cic. Off. 2, 7, 25:

interstincti corpora... fucatis et densioribus notis,

Amm. 31, 2, 14.—

A mark, spot, mole on the body (syn.:

naevus, macula): corpore traditur maculoso dispersis per pectus atque alvum genetivis notis,

Suet. Aug. 80; Hor. C. 4, 2, 59.—

A stamp impression on a coin:

nummos omnis notae,

Suet. Aug. 75; 94; id. Ner. 25.—

Trop.

In gen., a mark, sign, token:

notae ac vestigia suorum flagitiorum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 47, § 115:

quam scite per notas nos certiores facit Juppiter,

id. Div. 2, 21, 47:

mihi quoque impendere idem exitium, certis quibusdam notis augurabar,

Plin. Ep. 3, 11, 3:

nomina et notae morti destinatorum,

Suet. Calig. 49:

pro re publicā cicatrices ac notas virtutis accipere,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 13, 36: interspirationis enim, non defatigationis nostrae neque librariorum notae, signs of punctuation marks, Cic. de Or. 3, 44, 173.—

In partic.

A characteristic quality, character:

patefacta interiore notā animi sui,

Suet. Tib. 54.—

Nota censoria, or simply nota, the mark or note which the censors affixed in their lists of citizens to the name of any one whom they censured for immorality or want of patriotism:

censoriae severitatis nota,

Cic. Clu. 46, 129:

patrum memoriā institutum fertur, ut censores motis e senatu adscriberent notas,

Liv. 39, 42, 6 sq.:

duo milia nominum in aerarios relata, tribuque omnes moti, additumque tam acri censoriae notae triste senatus consultum, ut, etc.,

id. 24, 18, 9 Weissenb.:

censores senatum sine ullius notā legerunt,

not excluding any one, id. 32, 7, 3:

censores eo anno... de senatu novem ejecerunt. Insignes notae fuerunt Maluginensis et Scipionis et, etc.,

id. 41, 27, 1 sq.:

notae jam destinatae exemptus est,

Gell. 4, 20, 8; v. Dict. of Antiq. p. 664 sq.—Hence,

Transf., a mark of ignominy or infamy, a reproach, disgrace: quem scis scire tuas omnes maculasque notasque, Lucil. ap. Non. 354, 21:

quae nota domesticae turpitudinis non inusta vitae tuae est?

Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 13:

Gabinii litteras insigni quādam notā atque ignominiā novā condemnāstis,

id. Prov. Cons. 10, 25:

o turpem notam temporum illorum,

id. Off. 3, 18, 74:

homo omnibus notis turpitudinis insignis,

id. Rab. Perd. 9, 24:

nota ignominiaque Philippi,

Liv. 21, 44, 7:

sempiternas foedissimae turpitudinis notas subire,

Cic. Pis. 18, 41:

notā laborare,

Dig. 3, 2, 2.

rĕ-mŏvĕo, mōvi, mōtum, 2 (sync. pluperf. remorant, Hor. S. 2, 1, 71; Sil. 11, 175; inf. remosse, Lucr. 3, 69; perf. remorunt, Ov. Ib. 240), v. a., to move back, draw back; to take away, set aside, withdraw, remove (freq. and class.; syn.: amolior, repono, segrego).

Lit.:

tolle hanc patinam, remove pernam,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 163 sq.:

pecora,

Caes. B. C. 1, 48:

equos,

Sall. C. 59, 1:

equos ex conspectu,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25:

dapes,

Ov. M. 8, 571:

mensam,

id. ib. 13, 676:

frena, Hor.S.2, 7, 74: tegimen,

to lay aside, Ov. M. 1, 674:

Aurora removerat ignes,

had driven away, id. ib. 4, 81:

monstra,

id. ib. 5, 216:

remoto atque ablegato viro,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 31, § 82:

remotis arbitris,

id. Off. 3, 31, 112:

custode remoto,

Hor. A. P. 161:

remoto Hannibale,

Just. 31, 5, 1:

quae jam infantem removerit,

i. e. has weaned, Plin. 28, 7, 21, § 72:

naves longas ab onerariis navibus,

Caes. B. G. 4, 25:

cupas furcis ab opere,

id. B. C. 2, 11:

castra sex milia ab oppido,

Liv. 9, 24:

quae natura occultavit ab oculis,

Cic. Off. 1, 35, 127:

bracchia a latere modice,

Quint. 11, 3, 159:

comas a fronte ad aures,

Ov. M. 5, 488:

se a corpore,

Lucr. 3, 895:

se a vulgo,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 71:

parvos natos a se,

id. C. 3, 5, 43:

se a conspectu, Auct. B. Afr. 62: plura de medio (with auferre),

Cic. Rosc. Am. 8, 23:

togam inde,

Quint. 11, 3, 124:

oculos,

Cic. Balb. 5, 11:

arcanis oculos profanos,

Ov. M. 7, 256:

tactu viriles virgineo manus,

id. ib. 13, 467:

toto sumus orbe remoti,

id. P. 2, 2, 123: mensae remotae, Verg. A. 1, 216; Ov. M. 13, 676:

cum paulum ab legionibus nostros removissent,

Caes. B. G. 5, 16:

aliquem ab exercitu, Auct. B. Afr. 54: praesidia ex iis locis, quae, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 16, 12, 3:

se in montes ex urbe,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 16:

ex oculis manus,

Ov. M. 9, 390:

ut propinquis suis ultra ducentesimum lapidem removeretur,

Tac. A. 2, 50.—

Trop.:

removete moram,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 37; Quint. 8, prooem. §

3: sumptum removit,

Cic. Rep. 2, 14, 27:

hominum conscientiā remotā,

id. Fin. 2, 9, 28:

remotā subtilitate disputandi,

id. ib. 2, 38, 98:

omnia removistis, avaritiam, imperitiam, superbiam,

Sall. J. 85, 45; cf.:

remoto metu,

id. ib. 87, 4; Tac. Agr. 15:

remoto joco,

jesting aside, Cic. Fam. 7, 11, 3:

remoto personarum complexu,

Quint. 3, 6, 57; 12, 11, 30:

formam anilem,

Ov. M. 6, 43:

soporem,

id. ib. 6, 493:

obstantia fata,

id. ib. 13, 373: remove istaec, no more of that (i. e. do not speak of it), Cic. ap. Suet. Caes. 49 fin.:

aliquem ab studio, Ter. Hec. prol. alt. 14: aliquem ab republicā,

Caes. B. C. 3, 21; Liv. 5, 11:

aliquem ab hoc sermone,

Cic. Lael. 9, 32:

aliquem a legibus (sc. ferendis),

id. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 5:

aliquem a vitā (natura),

Lucr. 5, 350:

se a negotiis publicis,

Cic. Off. 1, 20, 69:

se ab omni ejusmodi negotio,

id. Clu. 15, 43:

se ab amicitiā alicujus,

id. Lael. 21, 77; cf.:

se ab aliquo,

id. Att. 4, 8, b, 3:

se a suspitione,

id. Agr. 2, 8, 22; cf.:

illam suspitionem ab sese removere,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 59, § 136:

invidiam a se,

Ov. M. 12, 626:

vim procul hinc,

id. Am. 1, 14, 29:

(levissima) secerni arbitror oportere atque ex oratione removeri,

Cic. de Or. 2, 76, 309:

quartum (statum) ex generalibus,

Quint. 3, 6, 67:

omnes tribu remoti,

Liv. 45, 15 Drak. N. cr.:

ordine,

Tac. A. 13, 11:

quaesturā,

Suet. Tib. 35:

pudorem thalamis,

Ov. M. 8, 157; cf.:

se artibus suis,

Cic. Or. 2, 5:

se ministerio sceleris,

Ov. M. 3, 645:

aliquem tutelā,

Dig. 26, 10, 4.— Absol., Dig. 26, 10, 3. —

To deduct, subtract:

si de quincunce remota est Uncia,

Hor. A. P. 327.—Hence, rĕmōtus, a, um, P. a., removed, i. e. afar off, distant, remote.

Lit.:

silvestribus ac remotis locis,

distant, retired, Caes. B. G. 7, 1; cf.:

remoto loco,

Cic. Fam. 7, 20, 2:

terrae,

Lucr. 2, 534:

Gades,

Hor. C. 2, 2, 10:

Britanni,

id. ib. 4, 14, 47:

fontes,

id. S. 2, 4, 94:

gramen,

id. C. 2, 3, 6:

rupes,

id. ib. 2, 19, 1:

domūs pars, i. e. penetralia,

Ov. M. 6, 638. — Neutr. as subst.:

in remoto,

far away, Sen. Q. N. 3, 26, 1:

remotius antrum,

Ov. F. 6, 121:

sedes, remotas a Germanis,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31:

ab arbitris remoto loco,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 31, § 80:

civitas a conspectu remota,

id. ib. 2, 3, 37, §

85: in quibus (studiis) remoti ab oculis populi omne otiosum tempus contrivimus,

id. Lael. 27, 104:

ab aulā,

Ov. M. 11, 764.— With abl.:

civitatis oculis remotus,

Suet. Tib. 42:

quamvis longā regione remotus Absim,

by however great a distance I am removed from you, Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 73; cf.:

licet caeli regione remotus,

id. M. 15, 62.—

Trop., removed, disconnected, separate, clear, free from, strange to any thing:

quae jam diu gesta et a memoriā remota,

Cic. Inv. 1, 26, 39:

genus (narrationum) remotum a civilibus causis,

id. ib. 1, 19, 27:

natura deūm longe remota Sensibus ab nostris,

Lucr. 5, 148:

scientia remota ab justitiā,

Cic. Off. 1, 19, 63:

(defensio) remota ab utilitate rei publicae,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 193:

a verā ratione longe remotum,

Lucr. 6, 853:

(fabula) non a veritate modo, sed etiam a formā veritatis remota,

Quint. 2, 4, 2:

naturae jura a vulgari intellegentiā remotiora,

Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 67:

sermo a forensi strepitu remotissimus,

id. Or. 9, 32; Quint. 11, 1, 89 Spald. N. cr.:

(Vestorium) hominem remotum a dialecticis, in arithmeticis satis versatum,

Cic. Att. 14, 12, 3:

homines maxime ab injuriis nostrorum magistratuum remoti,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 66, § 160:

a Tib. Gracchi aequitate ac pudore longissime remotus,

id. Agr. 2, 12, 31:

hic a culpā est remotus,

id. Mur. 35, 73:

ab inani laude et sermonibus vulgi,

id. Fam. 15, 4, 13:

a vulgo longe lateque,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 18:

vitio ab omni,

id. A. P. 384:

ab omni minimi errati suspicione remotissimus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 19, § 40:

(vilica) a vino, ab escis, a superstitionibus remotissima sit,

Col. 12, 1, 3 et saep.—

In the philos. lang. of the Stoics, remota, a transl. of the Gr. proêgmena, things not to be preferred; [p. 1564] things to be rejected or postponed (opp. promota), Cic. Fin. 3, 16, 52.—Hence, adv.: rĕmōtē, at a distance, afar off, remotely (very rare).— Comp.:

stellae eundem orbem tenentes aliae propius a terris, aliae remotius ab eisdem principiis eadem spatia conficiunt,

Cic. N. D. 1, 31, 87.— Sup.:

remotissime,

Aug. Trin. 12, 5.