uterque

pĕr-ĕo, ĭi (īvi), ĭtum, īre (periet for peribit, Coripp. Johann. 7, 27; perf. perivit, App. M. 4, 21:

perīt,

Juv. 8, 85:

perisset,

Lact. 3, 20, 17 al.:

perisse,

Liv. 1, 49, 1; Ov. Am. 2, 19, 56; fut. periet, Vulg. Sap. 4, 19 al.), v. n.

To pass away, come to nothing; to vanish, disappear, be lost:

e patriā,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 5:

ecqua inde perisset soror,

Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 15:

ne vena periret aquae,

Ov. Tr. 3, 7, 16.—

Esp., to pass through, leak, be absorbed ( poet.):

lymphae Dolium pereuntis,

Hor. C. 3, 11, 27; cf.:

postremo pereunt imbres, ubi eos pater aether In gremium matris terrai praecipitavit,

Lucr. 1, 250.—

To pass away, to be destroyed, to perish (the predom. and class. signif. of the word; syn.: occĭdo, intereo, obeo).

In gen.:

aedes cum fundamento perierint,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 69:

tantam pecuniam tam brevi tempore perire potuisse,

Cic. Phil. 5, 4, 11:

totum exercitum periturum,

Nep. Epam. 7, 4:

fac pereat vitreo miles ab hoste tuus (in the game of chess),

let your knight be taken by a pawn, Ov. A. A. 2, 208:

causae cur urbes perirent,

Hor. C. 1, 16, 19:

peritura regna,

Verg. G. 2, 498:

puppis,

Ov. F. 3, 600:

Troja peritura,

Verg. A. 2, 660:

pereunt sole tepente nives,

melt away, Ov. F. 3, 236:

telum rubigine,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 13:

comae,

Ov. Am. 1, 14, 30:

fabae laeso flore,

id. F. 5, 267.—Of the crocus:

gaudet calcari et atteri, pereundoque melius provenit,

Plin. 21, 6, 17, § 34.—

In partic.

To perish, lose one's life, die (class.): non intellego, quamobrem, si vivere honeste non possunt, perire turpiter velint;

aut cur minore dolore perituros se cum multis, quam si soli pereant, arbitrentur,

Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 21:

summo cruciatu supplicioque,

id. N. D. 3, 33, 81:

fame,

id. Inv. 2, 57, 172:

eodem leto esse pereundum,

id. Div. 1, 26, 56:

morbo,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 86:

naufragio,

Cic. Deiot. 9, 25:

hominum manibus,

Verg. A. 3, 606:

uterque juravit, periturum inter nos secretum,

that it should perish with us, Petr. 21:

ab Hannibale,

at his hands, Plin. 11, 37, 73, § 189:

perire turpiter,

Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 21:

fortiter,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 42:

generosius,

id. C. 1, 37, 21:

a morbo,

Nep. Reg. 3, 3.—

To pine away with love, to be desperately in love; to love to desperation ( poet.):

indigno cum Gallus amore peribat,

Verg. E. 10, 10; Cat. 45, 3:

quo beatus Vulnere, quā pereat sagittā,

Hor. C. 1, 27, 11:

ipse Paris nudā fertur periisse Lacaenā,

Prop. 2, 12, 13.—With acc. of the beloved object, Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 135.—

To be lost, wasted, spent in vain:

ne et oleum et opera perierit,

Cic. Att. 2, 17, 1:

tempora,

Ov. R. Am. 107:

labor,

id. M. 1, 273:

nullus perit otio dies,

Plin. 11, 6, 5, § 14:

ne nummi pereant,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 133:

minae,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 25:

aurum,

Col. 11, 1, 29; cf.

actiones,

Liv. 39, 18.—

To be lost, ruined, undone:

quid fieri tum potuit? jampridem perieramus,

Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1:

meo vitio pereo,

id. ib. 11, 9, 1.—Hence, perii, etc., as an exclamation of despair, I am lost! I'm undone! hei mihi, disperii! vocis non habeo satis:

vicini, interii, perii,

Plaut. Most. 4, 3, 36:

perii, interii, occidi! quo curram! quo non curram?

id. Aul. 4, 9, 1:

perii animo,

am disheartened, id. Rud. 2, 6, 26; cf.:

ingenio perii,

Ov. Tr. 2, 2; Lucr. 4, 1136:

periimus, actum est,

we are lost, it is all over with us, Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 26:

perierat et inventus est,

Vulg. Luc. 24, 32; 15, 6.—So, peream, si, nisi, in asseverations, may I perish, may I die, if or if not, Ov. H. 17, 183; Cassiod. ap. Cic. Fam. 15, 19, 4; Ov. P. 3, 5, 47; id. H. 17, 183.— Gerund and gerundive:

nisi illud perdo argentum, pereundum est mihi,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 91; Prop. 2, 1, 53:

pereundi figurae,

Ov. H. 10, 81:

pereundi terminus,

Sil. 3, 559:

puppis pereunda est probe,

must be lost, Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 70.—

Trop., of moral qualities, etc.:

pudor periit,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 81:

fides,

id. Truc. 1, 1, 24:

virtus,

Ov. F. 2, 227.

Poeni, ōrum, m., the Phœnicians, i. e. the Carthaginians (descended from the Phœnicians): Poeni stipendia pendunt, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 182 Müll. (Ann. v. 269 Vahl.); id. ap. Fest. p. 249 ib. (Ann. v. 278 Vahl.); Cic. Rep. 2, 4, 9:

Poeni foedifragi,

id. Off. 1, 12, 38:

Poenorum crudelitas,

id. N. D. 3, 32, 80:

ponuntque ferocia Poeni Corda,

Verg. A. 1, 302.— Gen. plur.:

Poenūm,

Sil. 7, 714; 17, 311.—In sing.: Poenus, i, m., a Carthaginian: Poenus plane est, he is a true Carthaginian, i. e. full of cunning, trickish, Plaut. Poen. prol. 113.—Pregn., for Hannibal, Cic. de Or. 2, 18, 77.—Collectively:

si uterque Poenus Serviat uni,

i.e. Carthaginians in Africa and Spain, Hor. C. 2, 2, 11.—Hence,

Poenus, a, um, adj., Punic, Carthaginian ( poet.):

leones,

Verg. E. 5, 27:

columnae,

Prop. 2, 23 (3, 29), 3:

sermo,

Stat. S. 4, 5, 45:

vis saeva,

Sil. 6, 338:

miles,

Juv. 10, 155.— Comp.:

est nullus me hodie Poenus Poenior,

better versed in the Carthaginian tongue, Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 31.—

Pūnĭ-cus ( Poen-), a, um, adj., Punic, Carthaginian (the classical form):

CLASEIS. POENICAS OM(nes devicit), Inscr. Column. Rostr.: regna,

Verg. A. 1, 338:

lingua,

Plin. 4, 22, 36, § 120:

litterae,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 46, § 103:

laterna,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 30: bellum primum, secundum, tertium, Cic. [p. 1391] Off. 1, 13, 39; id. Brut. 14, 57; id. Verr. 2, 4, 33, § 73: fides, i. e. bad faith, perfidy, treachery (because the Romans considered the Carthaginians perfidious), Sall. J. 108, 3; cf. Liv. 21, 4 fin.; 42, 47; Flor. 2, 2, 6 and 17; Val. Max. 7, 4, ext. 4; so,

ars,

Liv. 25, 39: Punicum malum, or simply Punicum, i, n., a pomegranate, Plin. 13, 19, 34, § 112; 15, 11, 11, § 39; 15, 28, 34, § 112 et saep.: arbos, i. e. a pomegranate-tree, Col. poët. 10, 243:

cera,

exceedingly white, Plin. 21, 14, 49, § 83.—

Poet., transf., of the Phœnician color, purple color, purple-red:

punicarum rostra columbarum,

Prop. 3, 3 (4, 2), 32:

rostra psittaci,

Ov. Am. 2, 6, 22: punico Lugubre mutavit sagum, Hor Epod. 9, 27.—Hence, adv.: Pūnĭcē ( Poen-), in the Punic or Carthaginian manner or language:

adibo hosce atque appellabo Punice,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 22:

loqui,

in Punic, id. ib. 5, 2, 23:

salutare,

id. ib. 5, 2, 40.

priscus, a, um, adj. [for prius-cus, like pris-tinus for prius-tinus, and magis for magius, a comparative form], of or belonging to former times, of many years ago, old, olden, ancient, primitive, antique. Like the Greek archaios, it denotes that which existed before our time, while pristinus is applied also to those things which have existed in our day (class.; cf.: vetus, antiquus).

Lit.:

credendum est veteribus et priscis viris,

Cic. Univ. 11:

prisca illa et antiqua rei publicae forma,

Vell. 2, 89, 3:

illud erat insitum priscis illis, quos cascos appellat Ennius,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 27:

nam Joves pluris in priscis Graecorum litteris invenimus,

id. N. D. 3, 16, 42:

severitas,

id. Har. Resp. 13, 27:

et illud quod loquitur priscum visum iri putat,

id. de Or. 3, 11, 42:

priscae sanctimoniae virgo,

Tac. A. 3, 69: prisci Latini proprie appellati sunt ii, qui prius quam conderetur Roma, fuerunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 226 Müll.: priscae Latinae coloniae appellatae sunt, ut distinguerent a novis, quae postea a populo dabantur, Fest. p. 241 Müll.:

tempus,

Ov. F. 1, 197.— Priscus has the accessory idea of venerable, and from the Augustan period is frequently applied to whatever dates from the earliest times, the golden age of Rome:

prisca gens mortalium,

Hor. Epod. 2, 2:

priscus Inachus,

id. C. 2, 3, 21:

Pudor,

id. C. S. 57:

prisco more,

Ov. F. 2, 282:

prisco ritu,

Plin. 12, 1, 2, § 3:

priscum illud acumen, Brute, tuum,

Juv. 4, 102:

fides,

Verg. A. 9, 79; Mart. 1, 40, 2.— Subst.: prisci, ōrum, m., the ancients:

cum colerent prisci studiosius agros,

Ov. F. 3, 779.—

Transf.

Former, previous ( poet.):

quid si prisca redit Venus?

Hor. C. 3, 9, 17:

nomen,

Ov. M. 14, 850; Spart. Hadr. 5.—

Old-fashioned, i. e. strict, severe ( poet.):

prisci praecepta parentis,

Cat. 64, 159: Cato, Hor. C. 3, 21, 11:

prisca supercilia,

Verg. Cop. 34.—Hence, adv.: priscē, in the old-fashioned manner, strictly, severely (class. but rare):

utrum me secum severe, et graviter, et prisce agere malit, an remisse, ac leniter, et urbane,

Cic. Cael. 14, 33.

Priscus, i, m., a Roman surname, the elder.

Of the first Tarquin: Priscus Tarquinius est dictus, quia prius fuit quam Superbus Tarquinius, Paul. ex Fest. p. 226 Müll.; Liv. 1, 34.—

Tarquinius Numicius Priscus, Liv. 2, 63.—

Helvidius Priscus, Suet. Vesp. 15.—

Two Latin poets:

Priscus uterque,

Ov. P. 4, 16, 10 Burm. ad loc.

priscus, a, um, adj. [for prius-cus, like pris-tinus for prius-tinus, and magis for magius, a comparative form], of or belonging to former times, of many years ago, old, olden, ancient, primitive, antique. Like the Greek archaios, it denotes that which existed before our time, while pristinus is applied also to those things which have existed in our day (class.; cf.: vetus, antiquus).

Lit.:

credendum est veteribus et priscis viris,

Cic. Univ. 11:

prisca illa et antiqua rei publicae forma,

Vell. 2, 89, 3:

illud erat insitum priscis illis, quos cascos appellat Ennius,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 27:

nam Joves pluris in priscis Graecorum litteris invenimus,

id. N. D. 3, 16, 42:

severitas,

id. Har. Resp. 13, 27:

et illud quod loquitur priscum visum iri putat,

id. de Or. 3, 11, 42:

priscae sanctimoniae virgo,

Tac. A. 3, 69: prisci Latini proprie appellati sunt ii, qui prius quam conderetur Roma, fuerunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 226 Müll.: priscae Latinae coloniae appellatae sunt, ut distinguerent a novis, quae postea a populo dabantur, Fest. p. 241 Müll.:

tempus,

Ov. F. 1, 197.— Priscus has the accessory idea of venerable, and from the Augustan period is frequently applied to whatever dates from the earliest times, the golden age of Rome:

prisca gens mortalium,

Hor. Epod. 2, 2:

priscus Inachus,

id. C. 2, 3, 21:

Pudor,

id. C. S. 57:

prisco more,

Ov. F. 2, 282:

prisco ritu,

Plin. 12, 1, 2, § 3:

priscum illud acumen, Brute, tuum,

Juv. 4, 102:

fides,

Verg. A. 9, 79; Mart. 1, 40, 2.— Subst.: prisci, ōrum, m., the ancients:

cum colerent prisci studiosius agros,

Ov. F. 3, 779.—

Transf.

Former, previous ( poet.):

quid si prisca redit Venus?

Hor. C. 3, 9, 17:

nomen,

Ov. M. 14, 850; Spart. Hadr. 5.—

Old-fashioned, i. e. strict, severe ( poet.):

prisci praecepta parentis,

Cat. 64, 159: Cato, Hor. C. 3, 21, 11:

prisca supercilia,

Verg. Cop. 34.—Hence, adv.: priscē, in the old-fashioned manner, strictly, severely (class. but rare):

utrum me secum severe, et graviter, et prisce agere malit, an remisse, ac leniter, et urbane,

Cic. Cael. 14, 33.

Priscus, i, m., a Roman surname, the elder.

Of the first Tarquin: Priscus Tarquinius est dictus, quia prius fuit quam Superbus Tarquinius, Paul. ex Fest. p. 226 Müll.; Liv. 1, 34.—

Tarquinius Numicius Priscus, Liv. 2, 63.—

Helvidius Priscus, Suet. Vesp. 15.—

Two Latin poets:

Priscus uterque,

Ov. P. 4, 16, 10 Burm. ad loc.

priscus, a, um, adj. [for prius-cus, like pris-tinus for prius-tinus, and magis for magius, a comparative form], of or belonging to former times, of many years ago, old, olden, ancient, primitive, antique. Like the Greek archaios, it denotes that which existed before our time, while pristinus is applied also to those things which have existed in our day (class.; cf.: vetus, antiquus).

Lit.:

credendum est veteribus et priscis viris,

Cic. Univ. 11:

prisca illa et antiqua rei publicae forma,

Vell. 2, 89, 3:

illud erat insitum priscis illis, quos cascos appellat Ennius,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 27:

nam Joves pluris in priscis Graecorum litteris invenimus,

id. N. D. 3, 16, 42:

severitas,

id. Har. Resp. 13, 27:

et illud quod loquitur priscum visum iri putat,

id. de Or. 3, 11, 42:

priscae sanctimoniae virgo,

Tac. A. 3, 69: prisci Latini proprie appellati sunt ii, qui prius quam conderetur Roma, fuerunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 226 Müll.: priscae Latinae coloniae appellatae sunt, ut distinguerent a novis, quae postea a populo dabantur, Fest. p. 241 Müll.:

tempus,

Ov. F. 1, 197.— Priscus has the accessory idea of venerable, and from the Augustan period is frequently applied to whatever dates from the earliest times, the golden age of Rome:

prisca gens mortalium,

Hor. Epod. 2, 2:

priscus Inachus,

id. C. 2, 3, 21:

Pudor,

id. C. S. 57:

prisco more,

Ov. F. 2, 282:

prisco ritu,

Plin. 12, 1, 2, § 3:

priscum illud acumen, Brute, tuum,

Juv. 4, 102:

fides,

Verg. A. 9, 79; Mart. 1, 40, 2.— Subst.: prisci, ōrum, m., the ancients:

cum colerent prisci studiosius agros,

Ov. F. 3, 779.—

Transf.

Former, previous ( poet.):

quid si prisca redit Venus?

Hor. C. 3, 9, 17:

nomen,

Ov. M. 14, 850; Spart. Hadr. 5.—

Old-fashioned, i. e. strict, severe ( poet.):

prisci praecepta parentis,

Cat. 64, 159: Cato, Hor. C. 3, 21, 11:

prisca supercilia,

Verg. Cop. 34.—Hence, adv.: priscē, in the old-fashioned manner, strictly, severely (class. but rare):

utrum me secum severe, et graviter, et prisce agere malit, an remisse, ac leniter, et urbane,

Cic. Cael. 14, 33.

Priscus, i, m., a Roman surname, the elder.

Of the first Tarquin: Priscus Tarquinius est dictus, quia prius fuit quam Superbus Tarquinius, Paul. ex Fest. p. 226 Müll.; Liv. 1, 34.—

Tarquinius Numicius Priscus, Liv. 2, 63.—

Helvidius Priscus, Suet. Vesp. 15.—

Two Latin poets:

Priscus uterque,

Ov. P. 4, 16, 10 Burm. ad loc.

prīvignus, i, m., and prīvigna, ae, f. [for privigenus, from privus - gigno; prop. of a separate race].

A step-son; a step-daughter (class.):

uxor liberis ex aliā uxore natis noverca dicitur: matris vir ex alio viro natis vitricus appellatur: eorum uterque natos aliunde privignos privignasque vocant,

Dig. 38, 10, 4.

Privignus, Sall. C. 15, 2; Cic. Clu. 66, 188; id. Q. Fr. 3, 3, 2; Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 2; Prop. 2, 1, 52; Dig. 38, 10, 7:

PRIVIGNVS MEVS, Monum. Ancyr.: venenum privigno datum,

Juv. 6, 134.—

Privigna:

de uxore Tuberonis et privignā,

Cic. Att. 13, 20, 2; Just. 14, 6, 3.—

Plur.:

illic matre carentibus Privignis mulier temperat innocens,

step-children, Hor. C. 3, 24, 18; Dig. 23, 2, 34.—

Transf., of plants ( poet.), adj.:

privignae proles,

Col. 10, 161.

prīvignus, i, m., and prīvigna, ae, f. [for privigenus, from privus - gigno; prop. of a separate race].

A step-son; a step-daughter (class.):

uxor liberis ex aliā uxore natis noverca dicitur: matris vir ex alio viro natis vitricus appellatur: eorum uterque natos aliunde privignos privignasque vocant,

Dig. 38, 10, 4.

Privignus, Sall. C. 15, 2; Cic. Clu. 66, 188; id. Q. Fr. 3, 3, 2; Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 2; Prop. 2, 1, 52; Dig. 38, 10, 7:

PRIVIGNVS MEVS, Monum. Ancyr.: venenum privigno datum,

Juv. 6, 134.—

Privigna:

de uxore Tuberonis et privignā,

Cic. Att. 13, 20, 2; Just. 14, 6, 3.—

Plur.:

illic matre carentibus Privignis mulier temperat innocens,

step-children, Hor. C. 3, 24, 18; Dig. 23, 2, 34.—

Transf., of plants ( poet.), adj.:

privignae proles,

Col. 10, 161.

proelĭum ( prael-), ii, n. [etym. dub.; perh. for provilium, pro-dvilium; cf. duellum (bellum)], a battle, combat (class.; syn.: pugna, dimicatio).

Lit.:

induperatores pugnare ac proelia obire,

Lucr. 4, 967:

non proeliis, neque acie bellum gerere,

Sall. J. 54, 5:

exitus proeliorum,

Cic. Fam. 6, 4, 1:

proelium facere,

to engage, id. Tusc. 4, 19, 43:

inire,

Liv. 25, 38:

committere cum aliquo,

Cic. Div. 1, 35, 77:

redintegrare,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25:

restituere,

id. ib. 53:

conficere,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 28:

miscere,

Prop. 4 (5), 1, 28:

proelio dimicare cum hoste,

Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

proeliis decertare,

id. Prov. Cons. 13, 33:

proelium sumere,

to join battle, engage, Tac. H. 2, 42:

singulare,

single combat, Aus. Per. Iliad. 7:

Punica passi proelia,

the wars with Carthage, Juv. 14, 162.—

Transf.

Of animals ( poet.):

proelia dant cervi,

Verg. G. 3, 265:

(taurorum),

id. ib. 3, 220; cf. Hor. C. 3, 20, 4; 3, 13, 5.—

Of inanimate subjects ( poet.):

ventorum proelia,

Verg. G. 1, 318.—

A warrior:

Colchis flagrantes adamantina sub juga tauros Egit et armigera proelia sevit humo,

Prop. 3, 11 (4, 10), 10:

trepidum si Martis operti agricolam infandis condentem proelia sulcis expediam,

Stat. Th. 1, 8.—

Trop.

Contest, strife (class.):

proelia te meā causā sustinere,

Cic. Fam. 9, 11, 2:

committere proelia voce,

Ov. M. 5, 307; id. Am. 1, 8, 96.—Humorously, of a struggle with food and drink:

in eo uterque proelio potabimus,

Plaut. Men. 1, 3, 3:

sed quid cessamus proelium committere?

id. Pers. 1, 3, 32.—

In mal. part., Prop. 2, 1, 45:

veneris,

App. M. 5, p. 168, 6.

rĕ-fĕro, rettŭli (also written retuli), rĕlātum (rēlātum or rellatum, Lucr. 2, 1001), rĕferre, v. a. irr., to bear, carry, bring, draw, or give back (very freq. and class.; cf.: reduco, reporto, retraho).

Lit.

Ingen.: zonas, quas plenas argenti extuli, eas ex provinciā inanes rettuli, C. Gracchus ap. Gell. 15, 12 fin.:

arma,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 25:

vasa domum,

id. Poen. 4, 2, 25; cf.:

pallam domum,

id. Men. 5, 7, 59; 4, 2, 97; 98; cf.:

anulum ad me,

id. Cas. 2, 1, 1;

and simply pallam, spinther,

id. Men. 3, 3, 16; 5, 1, 5; 5, 2, 56:

secum aurum,

id. Aul. 4, 5, 4:

exta,

id. Poen. 2, 44:

uvidum rete sine squamoso pecu,

id. Rud. 4, 3, 5:

aestus aliquem in portum refert,

id. As. 1, 3, 6:

Auster me ad tribulos tuos Rhegium rettulit,

Cic. Fam. 12, 25, 3: ut naves eodem, unde erant profectae, reterrentur, Caes. B. G. 4, 28:

me referunt pedes in Tusculanum,

Cic. Att. 15, 16, B; cf.:

aliquem lecticae impositum domum,

Suet. Caes. 82; and:

in Palatium,

id. Vit. 16: intro referre pedem, to turn one ' s feet back, to return, Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 50; cf.:

incertus tuum cave ad me rettuleris pedem,

id. Ep. 3, 4, 3:

caelo rettulit illa pedem,

Ov. H. 16, 88; 15, 186:

fertque refertque pedes,

id. F. 6, 334 (for a different use of the phrase, v. infra B. 2.):

in decimum vestigia rettulit annum (victoria),

Verg. A. 11, 290:

in convivia gressum,

Sil. 11, 355:

in thalamos cursum,

id. 8, 89:

ad nomen caput ille refert,

turns his head, looks back, Ov. M. 3, 245:

suumque Rettulit os in se,

drew back, concealed, id. ib. 2, 303:

ad Tuneta rursum castra refert,

Liv. 30, 16:

corpus in monumentum,

Petr. 113:

relatis Lacedaemona (ossibus),

Just. 3, 3, 12:

gemmam non ad os, sed ad genas,

Ov. Tr. 5, 4, 5: digitos ad os referre, to draw back (v. digitus), Quint. 11, 3, 103:

digitos ad frontem saepe,

Ov. M. 15, 567:

manum ad capulum,

Tac. A. 15, 58 fin.:

rursus enses vaginae,

Sil. 7, 508:

pecunias monumentaque, in templum,

Caes. B. C. 2, 21:

caput ejus in castra,

id. B. G. 5, 58:

vulneratos in locum tutum,

id. B. C. 2, 41:

cornua (urorum) in publicum,

id. B. G. 6, 28:

frumentum omne ad se referri jubet,

id. ib. 7, 71:

signa militaria, scutum, litteras ad Caesarem,

id. ib. 7, 88; id. B. C. 3, 53; 3, 99; id. B. G. 1, 29; 5, 49:

Caesaris capite relato,

id. B. C. 3, 19 fin. —

Esp.: referre se, to go back, return:

Romam se rettulit,

Cic. Fl. 21, 50:

sese in castra,

Caes. B. C. 1, 72 fin.:

se huc,

id. ib. 2, 8, 2:

domum me Ad porri catinum,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 115:

sese ab Argis (Juno),

Verg. A. 7, 286:

se ab aestu,

Ov. M. 14, 52; cf.:

se de Britannis ovans,

Tac. A. 13, 32:

causam Cleanthes offert, cur se sol referat,

Cic. N. D. 3, 14, 37.—

Pass. in mid. sense, to return, arrive:

sin reiciemur, tamen eodem paulo tardius referamur necesse est,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 49, 119:

classem relatam,

Verg. A. 1, 390:

nunc Itali in tergum versis referuntur habenis,

Sil. 4, 317; 7, 623.—

To withdraw, remove:

fines benignitatis introrsus referre,

to narrow, Sen. Ben. 1, 14, 5:

Seleucia ab mari relata,

remote, Plin. 5, 27, 22, § 93. —

In partic.

To give back something due; to give up, return, restore, pay back, repay (= reddere):

scyphos, quos utendos dedi Philodamo, rettuleritne?

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 34; cf. id. Aul. 4, 10, 29; 37; 38;

and, pateram (surreptam),

Cic. Div. 1, 25, 54:

argentum,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 29; so (with reddere) id. Curc. 5, 3, 45:

mercedem (with reddere),

id. As. 2, 4, 35; cf.:

octonis idibus aera,

to pay the money for tuition. Hor. S. 1, 6, 75 (v. idus):

si non Rettuleris pannum,

id. Ep. 1, 17, 32; 1, 6, 60:

verum, si plus dederis, referam,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 112.—

Referre pedem or gradum, as a milit. t. t., to draw back, retire, withdraw, retreat (different from the gen. signif., to return, and the above passages):

vulneribus defessi pedem referre coeperunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25; cf.:

ut paulatim cedant ac pedem referant,

id. B. C. 2, 40; Liv. 7, 33; so,

referre pedem,

Caes. B. C. 1, 44 (with loco excedere); Cic. Phil. 12, 3 (opp. insistere); Liv. 3, 60 (opp. restituitur pugna);

21, 8 al.— For the sake of euphony: referre gradum: cum pedes referret gradum,

Liv. 1, 14. —

And, in a like sense, once mid.: a primā acie ad triarios sensim referebatur,

Liv. 8, 8, 11.—

Transf., out of the milit. sphere:

feroque viso retulit retro pedem (viator),

Phaedr. 2, 1, 8; cf.:

viso rettulit angue pedem,

Ov. F. 2, 342; 6, 334:

rettulit ille gradus horrueruntque comae,

id. ib. 2, 502:

(in judiciis) instare proficientibus et ab iis, quae non adjuvant, quam mollissime pedem oportet referre,

Quint. 6, 4, 19.

Trop., to bear or carry back, to bring, draw, or give back.

In gen.: (Saxum) ejulatu... Resonando mutum flebiles voces refert, Att. ap. Cic. Fin. 2, 29, 94 (Trag. Rel. p. 176 Rib.); cf. Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 14, § 42:

sonum,

id. N. D. 2, 57, 144; id. Or. 12, 38; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 201 al.:

voces,

Ov. M. 12, 47; cf.:

Coëamus rettulit Echo,

id. ib. 3, 387: cum ex CXXV. judicibus reus L. referret, restored to the list, i. e. retained, accepted (opp. quinque et LXX. reiceret), Cic. Planc. 17:

o mihi praeteritos referat si Juppiter annos!

Verg. A. 8, 560; cf.: tibi tempora, Hor. C. 4, 13, 13:

festas luces (sae culum),

id. ib. 4, 6, 42:

dies siccos (sol),

id. ib. 3, 29, 20 et saep.:

hoc quidem jam periit: Ni quid tibi hinc in spem referas,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 2, 3:

ad amicam meras querimonias referre,

id. Truc. 1, 2, 65:

hic in suam domum ignominiam et calamitatem rettulit,

Cic. Off. 1, 39, 138; cf.:

pro re certā spem falsam domum rettulerunt,

id. Rosc. Am. 38, 110:

rem publicam sistere negat posse, nisi ad equestrem ordinem judicia referantur,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 96, § 223:

servati civis decus referre,

Tac. A. 3, 21:

e cursu populari referre aspectum in curiam,

to turn back, turn towards, Cic. Prov. Cons. 16, 38; cf.:

oculos animumque ad aliquem,

id. Quint. 14, 47:

animum ad studia,

id. de Or. 1, 1, 1:

animum ad veritatem,

id. Rosc. Am. 16, 48:

animum ad firmitudinem,

Tac. A. 3, 6 et saep.:

multa dies variique labor mutabilis aevi Rettulit in melius,

brought to a better state, Verg. A. 11, 426:

uterque se a scientiae delectatione ad efficiendi utilitatem refert,

Cic. Rep. 5, 3, 5; so,

se ad philosophiam referre,

to go back, return, id. Off. 2, 1, 4:

ut eo, unde digressa est, referat se oratio,

id. ib. 2, 22, 77.—

In partic.

(Acc. to I. B. 1.) To pay back, give back, repay (syn. reddo):

denique Par pari referto,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 55; cf.:

quod ab ipso adlatum est, id sibi esse relatum putet,

id. Phorm. prol. 21:

ut puto, non poteris ipsa referre vicem,

pay him back in his own coin, Ov. A. A. 1, 370; Sen. Herc. Fur. 1337. — Esp. in the phrase referre gratiam (rarely gratias), to return thanks, show one ' s gratitude (by deeds), to recompense, requite (cf.:

gratiam habeo): spero ego mihi quoque Tempus tale eventurum, ut tibi gratium referam parem,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 39:

parem gratiam,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 51:

et habetur et refertur, Thais, a me ita, uti merita es, gratia,

id. ib. 4, 6, 12; cf.:

meritam gratiam debitamque,

Cic. de Or. 3, 4, 14:

justam ac debitam gratiam,

id. Balb. 26, 59:

pro eo mihi ac mereor relaturos esse gratiam,

id. Cat. 4, 2, 3; 1, 11, 28; id. Off. 2, 20, 69:

fecisti ut tibi numquam referre gratiam possim,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 12; id. Most. 1, 3, 57; id. Pers. 5, 2, 71; id. Ps. 1, 3, 86; id. Rud. 5, 3, 36 al.; Cic. Lael. 15, 53; Caes. B. G. 1, 35:

alicui pro ejus meritis gratiam referre,

id. ib. 5, 27 fin.; id. B. C. 2, 39; 3, 1, fin.:

gratiam emeritis,

Ov. P. 1, 7, 61:

gratiam factis,

id. Tr. 5, 4, 47.— Plur.:

pro tantis eorum in rem publicam meritis honores ei habeantur gratiaeque referantur,

Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 39; 10, 11, 1:

dis advenientem gratias pro meritis agere,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 27; v. gratia.—

To bring back any thing; to repeat, renew, restore, = repetere, retractare, renovare, etc.:

(Hecyram) Iterum referre,

to produce it again, Ter. Hec. prol. 7; id. ib. prol. alt. 21 and 30; cf. Hor. A. P. 179.— So, to bring up for reconsideration:

rem judicatam,

Cic. Dom. 29, 78:

ludunt... Dictaeos referunt Curetas,

Lucr. 2, 633:

Actia pugna per pueros refertur,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 62: institutum referri ac renovari, Civ. Div. in Caecil. 21, 68; cf.:

consuetudo longo intervallo repetita ac relata,

id. ib. 21, 67:

te illud idem, quod tum explosum et ejectum est, nunc rettulisse demiror,

Cic. Clu. 31, 86:

cum ad idem, unde semel profecta sunt, cuncta astra redierint eandemque totius caeli descriptionem longis intervallis retulerint,

id. Rep. 6, 22, 24:

mysteria ad quae biduo serius veneram,

id. de Or. 3, 20, 75:

quasdam caerimonias ex magno intervallo,

Liv. 3, 55:

antiquum morem,

Suet. Caes. 20:

consuetudinem antiquam,

id. Tib. 32 et saep.:

cum aditus consul idem illud responsum rettulit,

repeated, Liv. 37, 6 fin.:

veterem Valeriae gentis in liberandā patriā laudem,

to restore, Cic. Fl. 1, 1:

hunc morem, hos casus atque haec certamina primus Ascanius Rettulit,

Verg. A. 5, 598:

O mihi praeteritos referat si Juppiter annos,

id. ib. 8, 560.—

To represent, set forth anew, reproduce, etc.:

referre Naturam, mores, victum motusque parentum,

to reproduce, Lucr. 1, 597:

majorum vultus vocesque comasque,

id. 4, 1221:

mores, os vultusque ejus (sc. patris),

Plin. Ep. 5, 16, 9:

parentis sui speciem,

Liv. 10, 7; cf.:

(Tellus) partim figuras Rettulit antiquas, partim nova monstra creavit,

Ov. M. 1, 437:

faciem demptā pelle novam,

Tib. 1, 8, 46:

temporis illius vultum,

Ov. M. 13, 443: si quis mihi parvulus aulā Luderet Aeneas, qui te tamen ore [p. 1545] referret, might represent, resemble thee, Verg. A. 4, 329; cf.:

nomine avum referens, animo manibusque parentem,

id. ib. 12, 348:

Marsigni sermone vultuque Suevos referunt,

Tac. G. 43:

neque amissos colores lana refert,

Hor. C. 3, 5, 28.—

To convey a report, account, intelligence, by speech or by writing; to report, announce, relate, recite, repeat, recount; to mention, allege (class.;

in late Lat. saepissime): certorum hominum sermones referebantur ad me,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 10 Orell. N. cr.:

tales miserrima fletus Fertque refertque soror (sc. ad Aeneam),

Verg. A. 4, 438:

pugnam referunt,

Ov. M. 12, 160:

factum dictumve,

Liv. 6, 40:

si quis hoc referat exemplum,

Quint. 5, 11, 8:

in epistulis Cicero haec Bruti refert verba,

id. 6, 3, 20:

quale refert Cicero de homine praelongo, caput eum, etc.,

id. 6, 3, 67 et saep.:

quaecunque refers,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 60; 2, 1, 130:

sermones deorum,

id. C. 3, 3, 71:

multum referens de Maecenate,

Juv. 1, 66. —With obj.-clause, Suet. Caes. 30; Ov. M. 1, 700; 4, 796:

Celso gaudere et bene rem gerere refer,

Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 2 al.; cf. poet. by Greek attraction:

quia rettulit Ajax Esse Jovis pronepos,

Ov. M. 13, 141; and:

referre aliquid in annales,

Liv. 4, 34 fin., and 43, 13, 2:

ut Proetum mulier perfida credulum Falsis impulerit criminibus, refert,

Hor. C. 3, 7, 16.— Absol.:

quantum, inquam, debetis? Respondent CVI. Refero ad Scaptium,

I report, announce it to Scaptius, Cic. Att. 5, 21, 12:

in quo primum saepe aliter est dictum, aliter ad nos relatum,

reported, stated, id. Brut. 57, 288:

(Hortensius) nullo referente, omnia adversariorum dicta meminisset,

id. ib. 88, 301:

abi, quaere, et refer,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 53. —

Poet. (mostly in Ovid), to repeat to one ' s self, call to mind:

tacitāque recentia mente Visa refert,

Ov. M. 15, 27:

si forte refers,

id. Am. 2, 8, 17:

haec refer,

id. R. Am. 308:

saepe refer tecum sceleratae facta puellae,

id. ib. 299:

mente memor refero,

id. M. 15, 451:

foeda Lycaoniae referens convivia mensae,

id. ib. 1, 165; cf.:

illam meminitque refertque,

id. ib. 11, 563.—

Pregn., to say in return, to rejoin, answer, reply (syn. respondeo):

id me non ad meam defensionem attulisse, sed illorum defensioni rettulisse,

Cic. Caecin. 29, 85:

ego tibi refero,

I reply to you, id. ib. 29, 85, §

84: ut si esset dictum, etc., et referret aliquis Ergo, etc.,

id. Fat. 13, 30:

quid a nobis autem refertur,

id. Quint. 13, 44: retices;

nec mutua nostris Dicta refers,

Ov. M. 1, 656; 14, 696:

Musa refert,

id. ib. 5, 337; id. F. 5, 278:

Anna refert,

Verg. A. 4, 31:

talia voce,

id. ib. 1, 94:

pectore voces,

id. ib. 5, 409:

tandem pauca refert,

id. ib. 4, 333 et saep. —

Publicists' t. t.

To bring, convey, deliver any thing as an official report, to report, announce, notify, = renuntiare:

legati haec se ad suos relaturos dixerunt,

Caes. B. G. 4, 9; cf.:

cujus orationem legati domum referunt,

id. B. C. 1, 35: responsa (legati), Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 380, 31:

legationem Romam,

Liv. 7, 32:

mandata ad aliquem,

Caes. B. C. 3, 57:

responsa,

id. B. G. 1, 35; cf.:

mandata alicui,

id. ib. 1, 37:

numerum capitum ad aliquem,

id. ib. 2, 33 fin.:

rumores excipere et ad aliquem referre,

Cic. Deiot. 9, 25; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 47:

Ubii paucis diebus intermissis referunt, Suevos omnes, etc.,

id. ib. 6, 10; Liv. 3, 38, 12.—

Ad senatum de aliquā re referre (less freq with acc., a rel.-clause, or absol.), to make a motion or proposition in the Senate; to consult, refer to, or lay before the Senate; to move, bring forward, propose: VTI L. PAVLVS C. MARCELLVS COSS... DE CONSVLARIBVS PROVINCIIS AD SENATVM REFERRENT, NEVE QVID PRIVS... AD SENATVM REFERRENT, NEVE QVID CONIVNCTVM DE EA RE REFERRETVR A CONSVLIBVS, S. C. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 5 sq.: de legibus abrogandis ad senatum referre. Cic. Cornel. 1, Fragm. 8 (p. 448 Orell.); cf.:

de quo legando consules spero ad senatum relaturos,

id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 58:

de ejus honore ad senatum referre,

id. Phil. 8, 11, 33:

de eā re postulant uti referatur. Itaque consulente Cicerone frequens senatus decernit, etc.,

Sall. C. 48, 5, 6:

rem ad senatum refert,

id. ib. 29, 1; cf.:

tunc relata ex integro res ad senatum,

Liv. 21, 5:

rem ad senatum,

id. 2, 22:

consul convocato senatu refert, quid de his fieri placeat, qui, etc.,

Sall. C. 50, 3: ut ex litteris ad senatum referretur, impetrari (a consulibus) non potuit. Referunt consules de re publicā, Caes. B. C. 1, 1; cf.:

refer, inquis, ad senatum. Non referam,

Cic. Cat. 1, 8, 20.—

Of other bodies than the Senate (cf.: defero, fero): C. Cassium censorem de signo Concordiae dedicando ad pontificum collegium rettulisse,

Cic. Dom. 53, 136: eam rem ad consilium cum rettulisset Fabius. Liv. 24, 45, 2; 30, 4, 9:

est quod referam ad consilium,

id. 30, 31, 9; 44, 2, 5; Curt. 4, 11, 10.— Per syllepsin: DE EA RE AD SENATVM POPVLVMQVE REFERRI, since referre ad populum was not used in this sense (for ferre ad populum); v. fero, and the foll. g:

de hoc (sc. Eumene) Antigonus ad consilium rettulit,

Nep. Eum. 12, 1.— Transf., to make a reference, to refer (class.): de rebus et obscuris et incertis ad Apollinem censeo referendum;

ad quem etiam Athenienses publice de majoribus rebus semper rettulerunt,

Cic. Div. 1, 54, 122; cf. Nep. Lys. 3; Cic. Quint. 16, 53.— Different from this is, *

Referre ad populum (for denuo ferre), to propose or refer any thing anew to the people (cf. supra, II. B. 2.;

v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 1006): factum est illorum aequitate et sapientiā consulum, ut id, quod senatus decreverat, id postea referendum ad populum non arbitrarentur,

Cic. Clu. 49, 137; cf. Att. ap. Non. p. 512, 29; Liv. 22, 20; Val. Max. 8, 10, 1.—

A mercantile and publicists' t. t., to note down, enter any thing in writing; to inscribe, register, record, etc.:

cum scirem, ita indicium in tabulas publicas relatum,

Cic. Sull. 15, 42:

in tabulas quodcumque commodum est,

id. Fl. 9, 20:

nomen in tabulas, in codicem,

id. Rosc. Com. 1, 4:

quod reliquum in commentarium,

id. Att. 7, 3, 7:

quid in libellum,

id. Phil. 1, 8, 19:

tuas epistulas in volumina,

i. e. to admit, id. Fam. 16, 17 init.; cf.:

orationem in Origines,

id. Brut. 23, 89 al.:

in reos, in proscriptos referri,

to be set down among, id. Rosc. Am. 10, 27:

absentem in reos,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 42, § 109; cf.:

aliquem inter proscriptos,

Suet. Aug. 70:

anulos quoque depositos a nobilitate, in annales relatum est,

Plin. 33, 1, 6, § 18:

senatūs consulta falsa (sc. in aerarium),

enter, register, Cic. Fam. 12, 1, 1; id. Phil. 5, 4, 12. —Entirely absol.:

ut nec triumviri accipiundo nec scribae referundo sufficerent,

Liv. 26, 36 fin. —Here, too, belongs referre rationes or aliquid (in rationibus, ad aerarium, ad aliquem, alicui), to give, present, or render an account:

rationes totidem verbis referre ad aerarium,

Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 2;

and rationes referre alone: in rationibus referendis... rationum referendarum jus, etc.,

id. ib. 5, 20, 1; id. Pis. 25, 61; id. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 77; 2, 3, 71, § 167:

referre rationes publicas ad Caesarem cum fide,

Caes. B. C. 2, 20 fin.:

si hanc ex fenore pecuniam populo non rettuleris, reddas societati,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 71, § 167:

(pecuniam) in aerarium,

Liv. 37, 57, 12; cf.: pecuniam operi publico, to charge to, i. e. to set down as applied to, Cic. Fl. 19, 44.— So, too, acceptum and in acceptum referre, to place to one ' s credit, in a lit. and trop. sense (v. accipio).— Hence, transf.: aliquem (aliquid) in numero (as above, in rationibus), in numerum, etc., to count or reckon a person or thing among:

Democritus, qui imagines eorumque circuitus in deorum numero refert,

Cic. N. D. 1, 12, 29:

(Caesar, Claudius) in deorum numerum relatus est,

Suet. Caes. 88; id. Claud. 45:

Ponticus Heraclides terram et caelum refert in deos,

Cic. N. D. 1, 13, 34:

nostri oratorii libri in Eundem librorum numerum referendi videntur,

id. Div. 2, 1, 4: hoc nomen in codicem relatum, id. Rosc. Com. B. and K. (al. in codice).—With inter (postAug. and freq.):

ut inter deos referretur (August.),

Suet. Aug. 97:

diem inter festos, nefastos,

Tac. A. 13, 41 fin.:

hi tamen inter Germanos referuntur,

id. G. 46; Suet. Claud. 11; id. Tib. 53:

dumque refert inter meritorum maxima, demptos Aesonis esse situs,

Ov. M. 7, 302:

intellectum est, quod inter divos quoque referretur,

Lampr. Alex. Sev. 14:

inter sidera referre,

Hyg. Fab. 192:

inter praecipua crudelitatis indicia referendus,

Val. Max. 9, 2, ext. 5:

inter insulas,

Plin. 5, 9, 9, § 48:

dicebat quasdam esse quaestiones, quae deberent inter res judicatas referri,

Sen. Contr. 2, 11, 12:

eodem Q. Caepionem referrem,

I should place in the same category, Cic. Brut. 62, 223.—

Referre aliquid ad aliquid, to trace back, ascribe, refer a thing to any thing:

qui pecudum ritu ad voluptatem omnia referunt,

Cic. Lael. 9, 32:

omnia ad igneam vim,

id. N. D. 3, 14, 35:

omnia ad incolumitatem et ad libertatem suam,

id. Rep. 1, 32, 49; 1, 26, 41:

in historiā quaeque ad veritatem, in poëmate pleraque ad delectationem,

id. Leg. 1, 1, 5; id. Off. 1, 16, 52 et saep. al.:

hunc ipsum finem definiebas id esse, quo omnia, quae recte fierent, referrentur, neque id ipsum usquam referretur,

id. Fin. 2, 2, 5; cf.

nusquam,

id. ib. 1, 9, 29:

ad commonendum oratorem, quo quidque referat,

id. de Or. 1, 32, 145:

hinc omne principium, huc refer exitum,

Hor. C. 3, 6, 6.— With dat.:

cujus adversa pravitati ipsius, prospera ad fortunam referebat,

Tac. A. 14, 38 fin. — In Tac. once with in:

quidquid ubique magnificum est, in claritatem ejus (sc. Herculis) referre consensimus,

Tac. G. 34.—Rarely of persons;

as: tuum est Caesar, quid nunc mihi animi sit, ad te ipsum referre,

Cic. Deiot. 2, 7.— Absol.: ita inserere oportet referentem ad fructum, meliore genere ut sit surculus, etc., one who looks to or cares for the fruit, Varr. R. R. 1, 40, 6.—

Culpam in aliquem referre, to throw the blame upon, accuse, hold responsible for, etc. (post-Aug.):

hic, quod in adversis rebis solet fieri, alius in alium culpam referebant,

Curt. 4, 3, 7; Aug. contr. Man. 2, 17, 25 Hier. Epp. 1, 9 fin.: cf.:

augere ejus, in quem referet crimen, culpam,

Cic. Inv. 2, 28, 83:

causa ad matrem referebatur,

Tac. A. 6, 49:

causam abscessus ad Sejani artes,

id. ib. 4, 57.

rĕus, i, m., and rĕa, ae, f. [res], jurid. t. t.

Originally, a party to an action (res), either plaintiff or defendant; afterwards restricted to the party accused, defendant, prisoner, etc.:

reos appello non eos modo, qui arguuntur, sed omnes, quorum de re disceptatur. Sic enim olim loquebantur,

Cic. de Or. 2, 43, 183; cf.:

reos appello, quorum res est,

id. ib. 2, 79, 321: reus nunc dicitur, qui causam dicit: et item qui quid promisit spoponditve ac debet. At Gallus Aelius, lib. II. Significationum verborum quae ad jus pertinent, ait:

reus est qui cum altero litem contestatam habet, sive is egit, sive cum eo actum est,

Fest. p. 273 Müll. It is found in this original signif. in the Lex XII. Tab., Fragm. ap. Fest. l. l., which Ulpian periphrases:

si judex vel alteruter ex litigatoribus morbo sontico impediatur,

Dig. 2, 11, 2, § 3.—

In the stricter sense.

A party obliged or under obligation to do or pay any thing, one answerable or responsible for any thing, a bondsman, a debtor: reus dictus est a re, quam promisit ac debet. Reus stipulando est, qui stipulatur. Reus promittendo est, qui suo nomine alteri quid pro altero promisit, Fest. pp. 135 and 227; cf. Dig. 45, 2, 1; and:

delegare est vice suā alium reum dare creditori vel cui jusserit,

ib. 46, 2, 11:

pecuniae reus fieri,

ib. 16, 1, 17:

dotis,

ib. 23, 3, 22, § 2:

locationis,

ib. 19, 2, 13, § 9.—

Transf., in gen., one who is bound by any thing, who is answerable for any thing, a debtor (very rare): quo intentius custodiae serventur, opportuna loca dividenda praefectis esse, ut suae quisque partis tutandae reus sit, answerable or responsible for, Liv. 25, 30: voti reus, bound by my vow (sc. in having obtained my desire), Verg. A. 5, 237 (voti reus, debitor, Serv.:

voti reus: Haec vox propria sacrorum est, ut reus vocetur, qui suscepto voto se numinibus obligat, damnatus autem, qui promissa vota non solvit,

Macr. S. 3, 2). —

One who is accused or arraigned, a defendant, prisoner, a criminal, culprit (the predominant signif. at all periods and in all styles; cf.:

nocens, sons): quis erat petitor? Fannius. Quis reus? Flavius. Quis judex? Cluvius,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 14, 42:

inopia reorum... aliquos ad columnam Maeniam reos reperire,

id. Div. in Caecil. 16, 50:

privato Milone et reo ad populum accusante P. Clodio,

id. Mil. 15, 40:

reus Milonis lege Plotiā fuit Clodius quoad vixit,

id. ib. 13 fin.:

facere aliquem reum,

to accuse one, Nep. Alcib. 4, 3.—

Persons under criminal charges usually put on mourning: rei ad populum Furius et Manlius circumeunt sordidati,

Liv. 2, 54, 3 (cf. id. 2, 61; 3, 58; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 152). — In fem.:

ut socrus adulescentis rea ne fiat,

Cic. Fam. 13, 54:

tota rea citaretur Etruria,

id. Mil. 19, 50:

rea es,

Sen. Contr. 4, 29. —

With a statement of the crime or the punishment, one guilty of any crime, one condemned to any punishment:

facti reus,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 16:

aliquem rei capitalis reum facere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 94; cf.

capitis,

Quint. 12, 10, 70:

avaritiae,

Cic. Fl. 3, 7:

lenocinii,

Quint. 5, 10, 47:

parricidii,

id. 7, 2, 17:

manifesti peculatūs,

id. 12, 1, 43 et saep.:

Sestius, qui est de vi reus,

Cic. Sest. 35, 75; so,

de vi,

id. Vatin. 17, 41; Quint. 11, 1, 51:

de ambitu,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 3, 2:

de moribus,

Quint. 4, 2, 3:

est enim reus uterque ob eandem causam et eodem crimine,

Cic. Vatin. 17, 41:

mortis reus,

Vulg. Matt. 26, 66:

cum equester ordo reus a consulibus citaretur,

Cic. Sest. 15, 35. — For the expressions reum facere, agere, peragere, postulare, inter reos referre, etc., v. h. vv.—

Transf., in gen.:

judex sim Reusque ad eam rem,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12:

reus fortunae,

that was to be blamed for a misfortune, Liv. 6, 24; 9, 8:

facinoris,

Tac. A. 2, 66:

reus agor,

Ov. H. 20, 91.— In fem.:

fortuna una accusatur, una agitur rea,

Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 22:

cum rea laudis agar,

Ov. H. 14, 120.

săpĭo, īvi or ĭi (sapui, Aug. Civ. Dei, 1, 10; id. Ep. 102, 10; but sapivi, Nov. ap. Prisc. p. 879 P.; id. ap. Non. 508, 21:

saPisti,

Mart. 9, 6, 7:

sapisset,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 1, 8), 3, v. n. and a. [kindr. with opos, saphês, and sophos], to taste, savor; to taste, smack, or savor of, to have a taste or flavor of a thing (cf. gusto).

Lit. (so only in a few examples).

Of things eaten or drunk:

oleum male sapiet,

Cato, R. R. 66, 1:

occisam saepe sapere plus multo suem,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 104:

quin caseus jucundissime sapiat,

Col. 7, 8, 2:

nil rhombus nil dama sapit,

Juv. 11, 121.—With an acc. of that of or like which a thing tastes:

quis (piscis) saperet ipsum mare,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 18, 2:

cum in Hispaniā multa mella herbam eam sapiunt,

Plin. 11, 8, 8, § 18:

ipsum aprum (ursina),

Petr. 66, 6.— Poet.: anas plebeium sapit, has a vulgar taste, Petr. poët. 93, 2:

quaesivit quidnam saperet simius,

Phaedr. 3, 4, 3.—

Of that which tastes, to have a taste or a sense of taste (perh. so used for the sake of the play upon signif. II.):

nec sequitur, ut, cui cor sapiat, ei non sapiat palatus,

Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 24.—

Transf., of smell, to smell of or like a thing (syn.: oleo, redoleo; very rare): Cicero, Meliora, inquit, unguenta sunt, quae terram quam crocum sapiunt. Hoc enim maluit dixisse quam redolent. Ita est profecto;

illa erit optima, quae unguenta sapiat,

Plin. 17, 5, 3, § 38:

invenitur unguenta gratiosiora esse, quae terram, quam quae crocum sapiunt,

id. 13, 3, 4, § 21.—In a lusus verbb. with signif. II.: istic servus quid sapit? Ch. Hircum ab alis, Plaut. Ps. 2, 4, 47.—

Trop.

To taste or smell of, savor of, i. e.,

To resemble (late Lat.):

patruos,

Pers. 1, 11.—

To suggest, be inspired by:

quia non sapis ea quae Dei sunt,

Vulg. Matt. 16, 23; id. Marc. 8, 33.—

Altum or alta sapere, to be high-minded or proud:

noli altum sapere,

Vulg. Rom. 11, 20:

non alta sapientes,

id. ib. 12, 16.—

To have good taste, i.e. to have sense or discernment; to be sensible, discreet, prudent, wise, etc. (the predominant signif. in prose and poetry; most freq. in the P. a.).

Neutr., Plaut. Ps. 2, 3, 14:

si aequum siet Me plus sapere quam vos, dederim vobis consilium catum, etc.,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 73 sq.:

jam diu edepol sapientiam tuam abusa est haec quidem. Nunc hinc sapit, hinc sentit,

id. Poen. 5, 4, 30; cf.:

populus est moderatior, quoad sentit et sapit tuerique vult per se constitutam rem publicam,

Cic. Rep. 1, 42, 65;

so (with sentire),

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 292; id. Bacch. 4, 7, 19; id. Merc. 2, 2, 24; id. Trin. 3, 2, 10 sq.; cf.:

qui sapere et fari possit quae sentiat,

Hor. Ep. 1, 4, 9; Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 14:

magna est admiratio copiose sapienterque dicentis, quem qui audiunt intellegere etiam et sapere plus quam ceteros arbitrantur,

Cic. Off. 2, 14, 48:

veluti mater Plus quam se sapere Vult (filium),

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 27:

qui (puer) cum primum sapere coepit,

Cic. Fam. 14, 1, 1; Poët. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 16, 1:

malo, si sapis, cavebis,

if you are prudent, wise, Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 17; so,

si sapis,

id. Eun. 1, 1, 31; id. Men. 1, 2, 13; id. Am. 1, 1, 155; id. Aul. 2, 9, 5; id. Curc. 1, 1, 28 et saep.; Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 53; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 138:

si sapias,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 39; 4, 4, 61; id. Poen. 1, 2, 138; Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 33; Ov. H. 5, 99; 20, 174:

si sapies,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 78; id. Rud. 5, 3, 35; Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 26; Ov. M. 14, 675:

si sapiam,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 38; id. Rud. 1, 2, 8:

si sapiet,

id. Bacch. 4, 9, 74:

si saperet,

Cic. Quint. 4, 16: hi sapient, * Caes. B. G. 5, 30: Ph. Ibo. Pl. Sapis, you show your good sense, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 9; id. Merc. 5, 2, 40:

hic homo sapienter sapit,

id. Poen. 3, 2, 26:

quae (meretrix) sapit in vino ad rem suam,

id. Truc. 4, 4, 1; cf. id. Pers. 1, 3, 28:

ad omnia alia aetate sapimus rectius,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 46:

haud stulte sapis,

id. Heaut. 2, 3, 82:

te aliis consilium dare, Foris sapere,

id. ib. 5, 1, 50:

pectus quoi sapit,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 12; id. Mil. 3, 1, 191; id. Trin. 1, 2, 53; cf.:

cui cor sapiat,

Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 24:

id (sc. animus mensque) sibi solum per se sapit, id sibi gaudet,

Lucr. 3, 145.—

Act., to know, understand a thing (in good prose usually only with general objects):

recte ego rem meam sapio,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 81:

nullam rem,

id. Most. 5, 1, 45: qui sibi semitam non sapiunt, alteri monstrant viam, Poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 58, 132; Cic. Att. 14, 5, 1; Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 65; cf.:

quamquam quis, qui aliquid sapiat, nunc esse beatus potest?

Cic. Fam. 7, 28, 1:

quantum ego sapio,

Plin. Ep. 3, 6, 1:

jam nihil sapit nec sentit,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 7, 22:

nihil,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 19, 45:

plane nihil,

id. Div. in Caecil. 17, 55: nihil parvum, i. e. to occupy one ' s mind with nothing trivial (with sublimia cures), Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 15; cf.: cum sapimus patruos, i.e. resemble them, imitate them in severity, Pers. 1, 11. —

Prov.: sero sapiunt Phryges, are wise behind the time; or, as the Engl. saying is, are troubled with afterwit:

sero sapiunt Phryges proverbium est natum a Trojanis, qui decimo denique anno velle coeperant Helenam quaeque cum eā erant rapta reddere Achivis,

Fest. p. 343 Müll.:

in Equo Trojano (a tragedy of Livius Andronicus or of Naevius) scis esse in extremo, Sero sapiunt. Tu tamen, mi vetule, non sero,

Cic. Fam. 7, 16, 1.—Hence, să-pĭens, entis ( abl. sing. sapiente, Ov. M. 10, 622; gen. plur. sapientum, Lucr. 2, 8; Hor. S. 2, 3, 296;

but sapientium,

id. C. 3, 21, 14), P. a. (acc. to II.), wise, knowing, sensible, well-advised, discreet, judicious (cf. prudens).

In gen.:

ut quisque maxime perspicit, quid in re quāque verissimum sit, quique acutissime et celerrime potest et videre et explicare rationem, is prudentissimus et sapientissimus rite haberi solet,

Cic. Off. 1, 5, 16; cf.:

sapientissimum esse dicunt eum, cui quod opus sit ipsi veniat in mentem: proxume acceder illum, qui alterius bene inventis obtemperet,

id. Clu. 31, 84:

M. Bucculeius, homo neque meo judicio stultus et suo valde sapiens,

id. de Or. 1, 39, 179:

rex aequus ac sapiens,

id. Rep. 1, 26, 42; cf.:

Cyrus justissimus sapientissimusque rex,

id. ib. 1, 27, 43:

bonus et sapiens et peritus utilitatis civilis,

id. ib. 2, 29, 52:

o, Neptune lepide, salve, Neque te aleator ullus est sapientior,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 29:

quae tibi mulier videtur multo sapientissima?

id. Stich. 1, 2, 66:

(Aurora) ibat ad hunc (Cephalum) sapiens a sene diva viro,

wise, discreet, Ov. H. 4, 96 Ruhnk.; so,

puella,

id. M. 10, 622:

mus pusillus quam sit sapiens bestia,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 15; id. As. 3, 3, 114 et saep.—With gen. (analogous to gnarus, peritus, etc.):

qui sapiens rerum esse humanarum velit,

Gell. 13, 8, 2.— Subst.: săpĭens, entis, m., a sensible, shrewd, knowing, discreet, or judicious person:

semper cavere hoc sapientes aequissimumst,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 20; cf.:

omnes sapientes suom officium aequom est colere et facere,

id. Stich. 1, 1, 38; id. Trin. 2, 2, 84:

dictum sapienti sat est,

id. Pers. 4, 7, 19; Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 8; Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 15 sq.:

insani sapiens nomen ferat, aequus iniqui,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 15:

sapiens causas reddet,

id. S. 1, 4, 115:

quali victu sapiens utetur,

id. ib. 2, 2, 63; 1, 3, 132.—In a lusus verbb. with the signif. of sapio, I., a person of nice taste:

qui utuntur vino vetere sapientes puto Et qui libenter veteres spectant fabulas,

good judges, connoisseurs, Plaut. Cas. prol. 5: fecundae [p. 1630] leporis sapiens sectabitur armos, Hor. S. 2, 4, 44.—As a surname of the jurists Atilius, C. Fabricius, M'. Curius, Ti. Coruncanius, Cato al., v. under B. fin. —

Of abstract things:

opera,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 5, 2:

excusatio,

Cic. Att. 8, 12, 2:

modica et sapiens temperatio,

id. Leg. 3, 7, 17:

mores,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 25:

verba,

Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 7:

consilium,

Ov. M. 13, 433:

Ulixes, vir sapienti facundiā praeditus,

Gell. 1, 15, 3:

morus, quae novissima urbanarum germinat, nec nisi exacto frigore, ob id dicta sapientissima arborum,

Plin. 16, 25, 41, § 102.—

After the predominance of Grecian civilization and literature, particularly of the Grecian philosophy, like sophos, well acquainted with the true value of things, wise; and subst., a wise man, a sage (in Cic. saepiss.): ergo hic, quisquis est, qui moderatione et constantiā quietus animo est sibique ipse placatus ut nec tabescat molestiis nec frangatur timore nec sitienter quid expetens ardeat desiderio nec alacritate futili gestiens deliquescat;

is est sapiens quem quaerimus, is est beatus,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 37:

sapientium praecepta,

id. Rep. 3, 4, 7:

si quod raro fit, id portentum putandum est: sapientem esse portentum est. Saepius enim mulam peperisse arbitror, quam sapientem fuisse,

id. Div. 2, 28, 61:

statuere quid sit sapiens, vel maxime videtur esse sapientis,

id. Ac. 2, 3, 9; cf. id. Rep. 1, 29, 45.—So esp. of the seven wise men of Greece:

ut ad Graecos referam orationem... septem fuisse dicuntur uno tempore, qui sapientes et haberentur et vocarentur,

Cic. de Or. 3, 34, 137:

eos vero septem quos Graeci sapientes nominaverunt,

id. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

sapienti assentiri... se sapientem profiteri,

id. Fin. 2,3, 7.—Ironically:

sapientum octavus,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 296.—With the Romans, an appellation of Lœlius: te, Laeli, sapientem et appellant et existimant. Tribuebatur hoc modo M. Catoni: scimus L. Atilium apud patres nostros appellatum esse sapientem, sed uterque alio quodam modo: Atilius, qui prudens esse in jure civili putabatur;

Cato quia multarum rerum usum habebat... propterea quasi cognomen jam habebat in senectute sapientis... Athenis unum accepimus et eum quidem etiam Apollinis oraculo sapientissimum judicatum,

Cic. Lael. 2, 6; cf.:

numquam ego dicam C. Fabricium, M'. Curium, Ti. Coruncanium, quos sapientes nostri majores judicabant, ad istorum normam fuisse sapientes,

id. ib. 5, 18:

ii, qui sapientes sunt habiti, M. Cato et C. Laelius,

id. Off. 3, 4, 16; Val. Max. 4, 1, ext. 7; Lact. 4, 1.—Hence, adv.: săpĭen-ter, sensibly, discreetly, prudently, judiciously, wisely:

recte et sapienter facere,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 133; id. Mil. 3, 3, 34:

consulere,

id. ib. 3, 1, 90:

insipienter factum sapienter ferre,

id. Truc. 4, 3, 33:

factum,

id. Aul. 3, 5, 3:

dicta,

id. Rud. 4, 7, 24:

quam sapienter jam reges hoc nostri viderint,

Cic. Rep. 2, 17, 31:

provisa,

id. ib. 4, 3, 3:

a majoribus prodita fama,

id. ib. 2, 2, 4:

considerate etiam sapienterque fecerunt,

id. Phil. 4, 2, 6; 13, 6, 13:

vives sapienter,

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 44:

agendum,

Ov. M. 13, 377:

temporibus uti,

Nep. Epam. 3, 1; Hor. C. 4, 9, 48.— Comp.:

facis sapientius Quam pars latronum, etc.,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 3, 15; id. Poen. prol. 7:

nemo est, qui tibi sapientius suadere possit te ipso,

Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 1:

sapientius fecisse,

id. Brut. 42, 155.— Sup.:

quod majores nostros et probavisse maxime et retinuisse sapientissime judico,

Cic. Rep. 2, 37, 63.

sīc (old form sīce, Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 12; also seic, C. I. L. 818), adv. [for si - ce; si, locat. form of pron. stem sa- = Gr. ho, ha, or hê, and demonstr. -ce; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 777], so, thus, in this or that manner, in such a manner, in the same way or manner, in like manner, likewise, to this or that extent or degree, to such a degree, in this or that state or condition, in such a condition (syn. ita); sic refers, I. To a previous fact, description, or assumption.—II. To a subsequent independent sentence, = thus, as follows. —III. As a local demonstrative (deiktikôs), referring to something done or pointed out by the speaker, = thus, as I do it; thus, as you see, etc.—IV. As a correlative, preceding or following clauses introduced by conjunctions. —V. In certain idiomatic connections.

Referring to something said before, = hoc modo: sic ille annus duo firmamenta rei publicae evertit, so, i. e. in the manner mentioned, Cic. Att. 1, 18, 3:

sic et nata et progressa eloquentia videtur,

id. Inv. 1, 2, 3:

facinus indignum Sic circumiri,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 9:

sic deinceps omne opus contexitur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 23:

arare mavelim quam sic amare,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 21:

sic se res habet,

Cic. Brut. 18, 71:

sic regii constiterant,

Liv. 42, 58:

sic res Romana in antiquum statum rediit,

id. 3, 9, 1:

sic ad Alpes perventum est,

Tac. H. 1, 84; cf. Enn. Ann. 1, 104; Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 88; Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 11; Cic. Inv. 1, 46, 86; 2, 32, 100; id. de Or. 1, 32, 146; 2, 49, 201; 3, 29, 117; id. Brut. 40, 149; id. Rep. 2, 14, 27; 2, 20, 35; id. Lael. 9, 32; Liv. 4, 11, 5; 6, 17, 1; Caes. B. G. 3, 19; 6, 30; 7, 62.—Often sic does not qualify the main predicate, but a participle or adjective referring to it:

sic igitur instructus veniat ad causas,

Cic. Or. 34, 121:

cum sic affectos dimisisset,

Liv. 21, 43, 1:

sic omnibus copiis fusis se in castra recipiunt,

Caes. B. G. 3, 6:

sic milites consolatus eodem die reducit in castra,

id. ib. 7, 19; cf. id. ib. 7, 62; Ov. M. 1, 32.—

In a parenthet. clause (= ita):

quae, ut sic dicam, ad corpus pertinent civitatis,

so to speak, Cic. Inv. 2, 56, 168:

commentabar declamitans—sic enim nunc loquuntur,

id. Brut. 90, 310; cf. id. Att. 12, 39, 2; id. Lael. 11, 39; Liv. 7, 31; Ov. M. 4, 660; 13, 597; 13, 866.—

Referring not to the predicate, but to some intermediate term understood (= ita; cf.

Engl. so): sic provolant duo Fabii (= sic loquentes),

Liv. 2, 46, 7:

sic enim nostrae rationes postulabant (sic = ut sic agerem),

Cic. Att. 4, 2, 6:

tibi enim ipsi sic video placere (sic = sic faciendo),

id. ib. 4, 6, 2:

sic enim concedis mihi proximis litteris (= ut sic agam),

id. ib. 5, 20, 1:

sic enim statuerat (= hoc faciendum esse),

id. Phil. 5, 7, 208:

Quid igitur? Non sic oportet? Equidem censeo sic (sic = hoc fieri),

id. Fam. 16, 18, 1:

sic soleo (i. e. bona consilia reddere),

Ter. Ad. 5, 7, 25:

sic soleo amicos (i. e. beare),

id. Eun. 2, 2, 48:

sic memini tamen (= hoc ita esse),

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 48:

haec sic audivi (= ita esse),

id. Ep. 3, 1, 79:

sic prorsus existimo (= hoc ita esse),

Cic. Brut. 33, 125:

quoniam sic cogitis ipsi (= hoc facere),

Ov. M. 5, 178.—

As completing object, = hoc:

iis litteris respondebo: sic enim postulas (= hoc postulas),

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 1:

hic adsiste. Sic volo (= hoc volo, or hoc te facere volo),

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 15:

sic fata jubent (= hoc jubent, or hoc facere jubent),

Ov. M. 15, 584:

hic apud nos hodie cenes. Sic face,

Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 8:

sic faciendum est,

Cic. Att. 4, 6, 2.—

Predicatively with esse (appellari, videri, etc.), in the sense of talis:

sic vita hominum est (= talis),

Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 84:

vir acerrimo ingenio—sic enim fuit,

id. Or. 5, 18:

familiaris noster—sic est enim,

id. Att. 1, 18, 6:

sic est vulgus,

id. Rosc. Com. 10, 20:

sic, Crito, est hic,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 16: sic sum;

si placeo, utere,

id. Phorm. 3, 2, 42:

sic sententiest,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 90:

sic est (= sic res se habet),

that is so, Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 21:

qui sic sunt (i. e. vivunt) haud multum heredem juvant,

id. Hec. 3, 5, 10:

nunc hoc profecto sic est,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 1, 42:

sic est. Non muto sententiam,

Sen. Ep. 10; cf. Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 35; id. Am. 2, 1, 60; id. Aul. 2, 4, 43; id. As. 5, 2, 12; id. Most. 4, 3, 40; Ter. And. 1, 1, 35; id. Eun. 3, 1, 18; id. Ad. 3, 3, 44; Cic. Lael. 1, 5; id. de Or. 1, 19, 86; id. Or. 14, 46.—

Rarely as subject (mostly representing a subject-clause):

sic commodius esse arbitror quam manere hanc (sic = abire),

Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 31:

si sic (= hoc) est factum, erus damno auctus est,

id. Heaut. 4, 1, 15: Pe. Quid? Concidit? Mi. Sic suspicio est (= eam concidisse), Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 57:

mihi sic est usus (= sic agere),

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 28:

sic opus est (= hoc facere),

Ov. M. 1, 279; 2, 785.—

To express relations other than manner (rare).

Of consequence; un der these circumstances, accordingly, hence:

sic Numitori ad supplicium Remus deditur,

Liv. 1, 5, 4:

sic et habet quod uterque eorum habuit, et explevit quod utrique defuit,

Cic. Brut. 42, 154:

sic victam legem esse, nisi caveant,

Liv. 4, 11, 5:

suavis mihi ructus est. Sic sine modo,

Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 17. —

Of condition; on this condition, if this be done, etc.:

reliquas illius anni pestes recordamini, sic enim facillime perspicietis, etc.,

Cic. Sest. 25, 55: displiceas aliis;

sic ego tutus ero (sic = si displicebis),

Tib. 4, 13, 6:

Scironis media sic licet ire via (sic = si amantes eunt),

Prop. 4, 15 (3, 16), 12:

sic demum lucos Stygios Aspicies (= non aspicies, nisi hoc facies),

Verg. A. 6, 154 (for sic as antecedent of si, v. infra, IV. 5).—

Of intensity:

non latuit scintilla ingenii: sic erat in omni sermone sollers (= tam sollers erat ut non lateret ingenium),

Cic. Rep. 2, 21, 37; cf. infra, IV. 4.

Referring to a subsequent sentence, thus, as follows, in the following manner (= hoc modo, hoc pacto, hujusmodi, ad hunc modum):

ingressus est sic loqui Scipio: Catonis hoc senis est, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 2, 1, 1 (cf.:

tum Varro ita exorsus est,

id. Ac. 1, 4, 15): hunc inter pugnas Servilius sic compellat, etc., Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 4 (Ann. v. 256 Vahl.):

puero sic dicit pater: Noster esto,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 38:

sic faciam: adsimulabo quasi quam culpam in sese admiserint,

id. Stich. 1, 2, 27 dub.:

salem candidum sic facito: amphoram puram impleto, etc.,

Cato, R. R. 88: sic enim dixisti:

Vidi ego tuam lacrimulam,

Cic. Planc. 31, 76:

res autem se sic habet: composite et apte sine sententiis dicere insania est,

the truth is this, id. Or. 71, 236:

sic loquere, sic vive: vide, ne te ulla res deprimat,

Sen. Ep. 10, 4; cf. id. ib. 10, 1; Cato, R. R. 77 sqq.; Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 177; Ter. Phorm. prol. 13; Auct. Her. 4, 6, 9; 4, 21, 29; 4, 4, 30; Cic. [p. 1691] Inv. 1, 39, 71; id. Or. 1, 45, 198; 2, 40, 167; 2, 40, 172; id. Att. 2, 22, 1; 5, 1, 3; 6, 1, 3; Verg. A. 1, 521.—

Esp., with ellipsis of predicate:

ego sic: diem statuo, etc. (sc. ago),

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 16.—Sometimes sic introduces detached words: sic loqui nosse, judicasse vetant, novisse jubent et judicavisse (= they forbid to say nosse, etc.), Cic. Or. 47, 157.—

For instance (= hoc modo, hoc pacto, ut hoc, verbi gratia, ut si; cf. Cic. Inv. 1, 49, 91 sq. infra):

disjunctum est, cum unumquodque certo concluditur verbo,

Auct. Her. 4, 27, 37:

mala definitio est... cum aliquid non grave dicit, sic: Stultitia est immensa gloriae cupiditas,

Cic. Inv. 1, 49, 91.

As a local demonstrative, thus, so, etc. (deiktikôs; colloq.;

mostly comice): ne hunc ornatum vos meum admiremini, quod ego processi sic cum servili schema,

as you see me now, Plaut. Am. prol. 117:

sed amictus sic hac ludibundus incessi,

id. Ps. 5, 1, 31:

nec sic per totam infamis traducerer urbem,

Prop. 2, 24 (3, 18), 7:

sic ad me, miserande, redis?

Ov. M. 11, 728; cf. Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 4.—So accompanied with a corresponding gesture:

Quid tu igitur sic hoc digitulis duobus sumebas primoribus?

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 25: Pe. Quid si curram? Tr. Censeo. Pe. An sic potius placide? (the speaker imitating the motion), id. Rud. 4, 8, 10:

non licet te sic placidule bellam belle tangere?

id. ib. 2, 4, 12:

quod non omnia sic poterant conjuncta manere,

Lucr. 5, 441.—

Here belong the phrases sic dedero, sic dabo, sic datur, expressing a threat of revenge, or satisfaction at another's misfortune: sic dedero! aere militari tetigero lenunculum,

I will give it to him, Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 6; id. As. 2, 4, 33:

sic dabo!

Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 38:

doletne? hem, sic datur si quis erum servos spernit,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 21:

sic furi datur,

id. Stich. 5, 5, 25; so id. Men. 4, 2, 46.—Referring to an act just performed by the speaker:

sic deinde quicunque alius transiliet moenia mea (= sic pereat, quicunque deinde, etc.),

Liv. 1, 7, 2:

sic eat quaecunque Romana lugebit hostem,

so will every one fare who, id. 1, 26, 5:

sic... Cetera sit fortis castrorum turba tuorum (= sic ut interfeci te),

Ov. M. 12, 285.—So with a comp.-clause expressed:

sic stratas legiones Latinorum dabo, quemadmodum legatum jacentem videtis,

Liv. 8, 6, 6; cf. id. 1, 24, 8 (v. IV. 1. infra).

As correlative, with, 1. A comparative clause (sic far more frequent than ita); 2. A contrasted clause, mostly with ut; 3. A modal clause, with ut (ita more freq. than sic); 4. A clause expressing intensity, introduced by ut; 5. A conditional clause (rare; ita more freq.); 6. With a reason, introduced by quia (ante-class. and very rare); 7. With an inf. clause; 8. With ut, expressing purpose or result.

With comp. clauses, usu. introduced by ut, but also by quemadmodum (very freq.), sicut, velut, tamquam, quasi, quomodo, quam (rare and poet.), ceu (rare; poet. and post-class.), quantus (rare and poet.), qualis (ante-class. and rare).

With ut:

ut cibi satietas subamara aliqua re relevatur, sic animus defessus audiendi admiratione redintegratur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 17, 25:

ut non omnem frugem, neque arborem in omni agro reperire possis, sic non omne facinus in omni vita nascitur,

id. Rosc. Am. 27, 75:

ex suo regno sic Mithridates profugit ut ex eodem Ponto Medea quondam profugisse dicitur,

id. Imp. Pomp. 9, 22:

ut tu nunc de Coriolano, sic Clitarchus de Themistocle finxit,

id. Brut. 11, 42:

sic moneo ut filium, sic faveo ut mihi, sic hortor ut et pro patria et amicissimum,

id. Fam. 10, 5, 3:

ut vita, sic oratione durus fuit,

id. Brut. 31, 117:

de Lentulo sic fero ut debeo,

id. Att. 4, 6, 1:

sic est ut narro tibi,

Plaut. Most. 4, 3, 40; Cic. Inv. 2, 8, 28; id. Div. 2, 30, 93; id. de Or. 1, 33, 153; 3, 51, 198; Liv. 1, 47, 2; 2, 52, 7; Ov. M. 1, 495; 1, 539; 2, 165 et saep.—So in the formula ut quisque... sic (more freq. ita), rendered by according as, or the more... the...:

ut quisque rem accurat suam, sic ei procedunt postprincipia denique,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 1, 3:

ut quaeque res est tur pissima, sic maxime et maturissime vindicanda est,

Cic. Caecin. 2, 7; v. Fischer, Gr. II. p. 751.—

With quemadmodum: quemadmodum tibicen sine tibiis canere, sic orator, nisi multitudine audiente, eloquens esse non potest, Cic. Or. 2, 83, 338:

quemadmodum se tribuni gessissent in prohibendo dilectu, sic patres in lege prohibenda gerebant,

Liv. 3, 11, 3:

sic vestras hallucinationes fero, quemadmodum Juppiter ineptias poetarum,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 26, 6; cf. Cic. Inv. 1, 23, 33; 2, 8, 28; 2, 27, 82; id. Or. 3, 52, 200; id. Lael. 4, 16; id. Rosc. Com. 1, 2; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 5; Liv. 2, 13, 8; 5, 3, 8; Sen. Ep. 5, 6 (bis); id. Clem. 1, 3, 5; id. Vit. Beat. 23, 4.—

With sicut:

tecum simul, sicut ego pro multis, sic ille pro Appio dixit,

Cic. Brut. 64, 230; 46, 112; id. Or. 2, 44, 186; id. Clu. 2; Caes. B. G. 6, 30; Liv. 4, 57, 11; 7, 13, 8; Sen. Vit. Beat. 9, 2.—

With velut:

velut ipse in re trepida se sit tutatus, sic consulem loca tutiora castris cepisse,

Liv. 4, 41, 6; cf. Cic. Tusc. 1, 10, 20; Verg. A. 1, 148; Ov. M. 4, 375; 4, 705.—

With tamquam:

tamquam litteris in cera, sic se ajebat imaginibus quae meminisse vellet, perscribere,

Cic. Or. 2, 88, 360:

quid autem ego sic adhuc egi, tamquam integra sit causa patriciorum?

Liv. 10, 8:

sic Ephesi fui, tamquam domi meae,

Cic. Fam. 13, 69, 1; cf. id. Or. 2, 42, 180; id. Brut. 18, 71; 58, 213; 66, 235; 74, 258; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 16; 2, 14, 1; id. Prov. Cons. 12, 31; Sen. Ep. 101, 7.—

With quasi:

hujus innocentiae sic in hac calamitosa fama, quasi in aliqua perniciosissima flamma subvenire,

Cic. Clu. 1, 4:

ea sic observabo quasi intercalatum non sit,

id. Att. 6, 1, 12:

Quid tu me sic salutas quasi dudum non videris?

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 51; cf. Cic. Or. 2, 11, 47; id. Inv. 1, 3, 4; id. Sen. 8, 26:

ego sic vivam quasi sciam, etc.,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 3.—

With quomodo:

quomodo nomen in militiam non daret debilis, sic ad iter quod inhabile sciat, non accedet,

Sen. Ot. Sap. 3 (30), 4:

sic demus quomodo vellemus accipere,

id. Ben. 2, 1, 1; id. Ep. 9, 17; id. Ot. Sap. 6, 2 (32 med.); Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 4, 4.—

With ceu:

ceu cetera nusquam Bella forent... sic Martem indomitum Cernimus,

Verg. A. 2, 438.—

With quam:

non sic incerto mutantur flamine Syrtes, quam cito feminea non constat foedus in ira,

Prop. 2, 9, 33; Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 281.—

With quantus:

nec sic errore laetatus Ulixes... nec sic Electra... quanta ego collegi gaudia,

Prop. 2, 14 (3, 6), 5 sqq.—

With qualis:

imo sic condignum donum quali'st quoi dono datum est,

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 40.—

Without a correlative particle, in an independent sentence:

Quis potione uti aut cibo dulci diutius potest? sic omnibus in rebus voluptatibus maximis fastidium finitimum est (= ut nemo cibo dulci uti diutius potest, sic, etc.),

Cic. Or. 3, 25, 100; cf. id. ib. 19, 63.—

In contrasted clauses, mostly with ut, which may generally be rendered while: ut ad bella suscipienda Gallorum acer ac promptus est animus, sic mollis ad calamitates perferendas mens eorum est (almost = etsi ad bella suscipienda... tamen mollis est, etc., while, etc.), Caes. B. G. 3, 19: a ceteris oblectationibus ut deseror, sic litteris sustentor et recreor, while I am deserted, I am sustained, etc., Cic. Att. 4, 10, 1; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 18, 55; id. Fam. 10, 20, 2; Liv. 4, 57, 11; Ov. M. 4, 131; 11, 76.—So freq. two members of the same sentence are coordinated by ut... sic (ita) with almost the same force as a co-ordination by cum... tum, or by sed:

consul, ut fortasse vere, sic parum utiliter in praesens certamen respondit (= vere fortasse, sed parum utiliter),

Liv. 4, 6, 2:

ut nondum satis claram victoriam, sic prosperae spei pugnam imber diremit,

id. 6, 32, 6:

(forma erat) ut non cygnorum, sic albis proxima cygnis,

Ov. M. 14, 509; cf. Liv. 1, 27, 2; 5, 38, 2; 6, 6, 10; Ov. M. 1, 370.—In this use etiam or quoque is sometimes joined with sic (never by Cic. with ita):

nostri sensus, ut in pace semper, sic tum etiam in bello congruebant (= cum... tum),

Cic. Marcell. 6, 16:

ut sunt, sic etiam nominantur senes,

id. Sen. 6, 20:

utinam ut culpam, sic etiam suspitionem vitare potuisses,

id. Phil. 1, 13, 33:

ut superiorum aetatum studia occidunt, sic occidunt etiam senectutis,

id. Sen. 20, 76:

ut voce, sic etiam oratione,

id. Or. 25, 85; id. Top. 15, 59; id. Leg. 2, 25, 62; id. Lael. 5, 19.—More rarely with quem ad modum, quomodo:

ut, quem ad modum est, sic etiam appelletur tyrannus,

Cic. Att. 10, 4, 2:

quo modo ad bene vivendum, sic etiam ad beate,

id. Tusc. 3, 17, 37. —

With a clause of manner introduced by ut = so that:

sic fuimus semper comparati ut hominum sermonibus quasi in aliquod judicium vocaremur,

Cic. Or. 3, 9, 32:

eam sic audio ut Plautum mihi aut Naevium videar audire,

id. ib. 3, 12, 45:

sic agam vobiscum ut aliquid de vestris vitiis audiatis,

id. ib. 3, 12, 46:

omnia sic suppetunt ut ei nullam deesse virtutem oratoris putem,

id. Brut. 71, 250:

omnis pars orationis esse debet laudabilis, sic ut verbum nullum excidat,

id. Or. 36, 125:

sic tecum agam ut vel respondendi vel interpellandi potestatem faciam,

id. Rosc. Am. 27, 73:

nec vero sic erat umquam non paratus Milo contra illum ut non satis fere esset paratus,

id. Mil. 21, 56:

sic eum eo de re publica disputavit ut sentiret sibi cum viro forti esse pugnandum,

id. Fam. 5, 2, 8; cf. Plaut. As. 2, 4, 49; id. Mil. 2, 2, 82; Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 245; 2, 1, 3; 2, 6, 23; id. Brut. 22, 88; 40, 148; id. Sest. 40, 87; id. Planc. 10, 25; id. Fam. 5, 15, 4; Caes. B. G. 2, 32; 5, 17; id. B. C. 3, 56; Prop. 1, 21, 5.—Sometimes the correlative clause is restrictive, and sic = but so, yet so, only so:

mihi sic placuit ut cetera Antisthenis, hominis acuti magis quam eruditi,

Cic. Att. 12, 38, 4:

sic conveniet reprehendi, ut demonstretur etc.,

id. Inv. 1, 46, 86; id. Brut. 79, 274; id. Marcell. 11, 34; id. Att. 13, 3, 1 (ita is more freq. in this sense).—

With a clause expressing intensity (so both with adjj. and verbs; but far less freq. than ita, tam, adeo), to such a degree, so, so far, etc.:

sic ego illum in timorem dabo, ipse sese ut neget esse eum qui siet,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 20 sq.:

conficior lacrimis sic ut ferre non possim,

Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 1:

sic rem fuisse apertam ut judicium fieri nihil attinuerit,

id. Inv. 2, 28, 84:

cujus responso judices sic exarserunt ut capitis hominem innocentissimum condemnarent,

id. Or. 1, 54, 233; cf. id. ib. 3, 8, 29; id. Brut. 88, 302; id. Or. 53, 177; 55, 184; id. Rep. 2, 21, 37; 3, 9, 15; id. Lael. 1, 4; id. Planc. 8, 21; id. Verr. 1, 36, 91; id. Balb. 5, 13; id. Att. 1, 8, 2; 1, 16, 1; Caes. B. G. 6, 41; Hor. S. 2, 3, 1.—

Rarely conditional clauses have the antecedent sic.

Poet. and in post-Aug. prose, to represent the result of the condition as sure:

sic invidiam effugies, si te non ingesseris oculis, si bona tua non jactaveris, si scieris in sinu gaudere,

Sen. Ep. 105, 3:

sic hodie veniet si qua negavit heri,

Prop. 2, 14 (3, 6), 20.—

Denoting with the proviso that, but only if (usu. ita):

decreverunt ut cum populus regem jussisset, id sic ratum esset si patres auctores fuissent,

that the choice should be valid, but only if the Senate should ratify it, Liv. 1, 17, 9:

sic ignovisse putato Me tibi si cenes hodie mecum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 69.—

Sic quia = idcirco quia (very rare): Th. Quid vos? Insanin' estis? Tr. Quidum? Th. Sic quia foris ambulatis, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 20.—

With inf. clause (freq.):

sic igitur sentio, naturam primum atque ingenium ad dicendum vim afferre maximam,

Cic. Or. 1, 25, 113:

sic a majoribus nostris accepimus, praetorem quaestori suo parentis loco esse oportere,

id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61:

ego sic existimo, in summo imperatore quattuor res inesse oportere,

id. Imp. Pomp. 10, 38; cf. Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 5; Cic. Inv. 2, 55, 167; id. de Or. 1, 20, 93; 2, 28, 122; id. Brut. 36, 138; 41, 152; id. Div. in Caecil. 3, 10; id. Verr. 1, 7, 20; Liv. 5, 15, 11.—Esp., after sic habeto (habe, habeas) = scito (only Ciceron.):

sic habeto, in eum statum tuum reditum incidere ut, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 2, 3, 1; so id. ib. 1, 7, 3; 2, 6, 5; 2, 10, 1; 7, 18, 1; 9, 16, 2; id. Att. 2, 25, 1; 5, 1, 5; 5, 20, 1 et saep.—

With ut, expressing purpose or result:

nunc sic faciam, sic consilium est, ad erum ut veniam docte atque astu,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 23:

ab Ariobarzane sic contendi ut talenta, quae mihi pollicebatur, illi daret,

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 3:

sic accidit ut ex tanto navium numero nulla omnino navis... desideraretur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 23; cf. Cato, R. R. 1, 1; Cic. Att. 8, 1, 4; id. Or. 2, 67, 271.

Idiomatic usages of sic.

In a wish, expressed as a conclusion after an imperative ( poet.):

parce: sic bene sub tenera parva quiescat humo (= si parces, bene quiescat),

Tib. 2, 6, 30:

annue: sic tibi sint intonsi, Phoebe, capilli,

id. 2, 5, 121:

pone, precor, fastus... Sic tibi nec vernum nascentia frigus adurat Poma, nec excutiant rapidi florentia venti,

Ov. M. 14, 762: dic [p. 1692] mihi de nostra quae sentis vera puella:

Sic tibi sint dominae, Lygdame, dempta juga,

Prop. 4, 5, 1; Tib. 2, 6, 30.—The imperative may follow the clause with sic:

sic tua Cyrneas fugiant examina taxos... Incipe (sc. cantare) si quid habes (= si incipies cantare, opto tibi ut tua examina, etc.),

Verg. E. 9, 30:

sic tibi (Arethusa) Doris amara suam non intermisceat undam: Incipe (= si incipies, opto tibi ut Doris, etc.),

id. ib. 10, 4:

sic mare compositum, sic sit tibi piscis in unda Credulus... Dic ubi sit,

Ov. M. 8, 857; Sen. Troad. 702; cf.:

sic te Diva potens Cypri... Ventorumque regat pater, Navis... Reddas incolumem Vergilium (= si tu, navis, reddes Vergilium, prosperum precor tibi cursum),

Hor. C. 1, 3, 1; cf.

also: sic venias hodierne: tibi dem turis honores (=si venies, tibi dem),

Tib. 1, 7, 53; cf. Ov. H. 3, 135; 4, 148.—

Sic (like ita) with ut in strong asseveration ( poet.):

sic me di amabunt, ut me tuarum miseritum'st fortunarum (= by the love of the gods, I pity, etc.),

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 54:

Diespiter me sic amabit ut ego hanc familiam interire cupio,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 47:

sic has deus aequoris artes Adjuvet, ut nemo jamdudum littore in isto constitit,

Ov. M. 8, 866:

sic mihi te referas levis, ut non altera nostro limine intulit ulla pedes,

Prop. 1, 18, 11; cf. id. 3, 15 (4, 14), 1; cf.:

vera cano, sic usque sacras innoxia laurus vescar,

Tib. 2, 5, 63.—

In a demonstrative temporal force, like the Gr. houtôs, so, as the matter stands now, as it now is, as it then was, etc.

In gen.:

e Graecis cavendae sunt quaedam familiaritates, praeter hominum perpaucorum, si qui sunt vetere Graecia digni. Sic vero fallaces sunt permulti et leves,

but as things now stand, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 5, § 16:

at sic citius qui te expedias his aerumnis reperias,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 8: Pe. Pol tibi istuc credo nomen actutum fore. Tr. Dum interea sic sit, istuc actutum sino, provided it be as it is, Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 71:

quotiens hoc tibi ego interdixi, meam ne sic volgo pollicitarere operam,

thus, as you are doing now, id. Mil. 4, 2, 65:

si utrumvis tibi visus essem, Non sic ludibrio tuis factis habitus essem,

Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 11:

non sic nudos in flumen deicere (voluerunt),

naked, as they are, Cic. Rosc. Am. 26, 71:

sub alta platano... jacentes sic temere,

Hor. C. 2, 11, 14.—Esp., with sine and abl.:

me germanam meam sororem tibi sic sine dote dedisse,

so as she is, without a dowry, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 65:

sic sine malo,

id. Rud. 3, 5, 2:

at operam perire meam sic... perpeti nequeo,

without result, id. Trin. 3, 2, 34 Ritschl, Fleck. (Brix omits sic): nec sic de nihilo fulminis ira cadit (= without cause), Prop. 2, 16 (3, 8), 52: mirabar hoc si sic abiret, so, i. e. without trouble, Ter. And. 1, 2, 4:

hoc non poterit sic abire,

Cic. Fin. 5, 3, 7; so,

sic abire,

id. Att. 14, 1, 1; Cat. 14, 16; Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 39. —Hence,

With imperatives, esp. with sine: Quid ego hoc faciam postea? sic sine eumpse, just let him alone, i. e. leave him as he is, Plaut. Most. 1, 4, 32:

si non vult (numerare), sic sine adstet,

id. As. 2, 4, 54:

sine fores sic, abi,

let the door alone, id. Men. 2, 3, 1; so id. Cas. 3, 6, 36; id. Ps. 1, 5, 62.—

Pregn., implying a concession (= kai houtôs), even as it is now, even without doing so, in spite of it:

nolo bis iterare, sat sic longae fiunt fabulae,

narratives are long enough anyhow, as they are, without saying them twice over, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 154:

sed sic quoque erat tamen Acis,

even as it was, in spite of what has been said, Ov. M. 13, 896; so,

sic quoque fallebat,

id. ib. 1, 698:

sed sic me et libertatis fructu privas et diligentiae,

anyhow, not taking into account what is mentioned, Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 4: exhibeas molestiam si quid debeam, qui nunc sic tam es molestus, who art so troublesome even as it is, i. e. without my owing you any thing, Plaut. Pers. 2, 44:

sic quoque parte plebis affecta, fides tamen publica potior senatui fuit,

Liv. 7, 27; cf. Ov. F. 2, 642; Suet. Aug. 78.—

Ellipt., referring to something in the mind of the speaker:

Quod si hoc nunc sic incipiam? Nihil est. Quod si sic? Tantumdem egero. At sic opinor? Non potest,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 8: illa quae aliis sic, aliis secus videntur, to some in one way, to others in another (= aliis aliter), Cic. Leg. 1, 17, 47: Quid vini absumpsit! Sic hoc dicens, asperum hoc est, aliud lenius, = this wine is so (the speaker not saying what he thinks of it), Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49: deinde quod illa (quae ego dixi) sive faceta sunt, sive sic, fiunt narrante te venustissima, or so, i. e. or otherwise, Cic. Fam. 15, 21, 2:

monitorem non desiderabit qui dicat, Sic incede, sic cena... sic amico utere, sic cive, sic socio,

Sen. Ep. 114.—

In answers, yes = the French, Italian, and Spanish si (ante - class. and rare): Ph. Phaniam relictam ais? Ge. Sic, Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 2: De. Illa maneat? Ch. Sic, id. ib. 5, 3, 30: Ch. Sicine est sententia? Me. Sic, id. Heaut. 1, 1, 114.

sīc (old form sīce, Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 12; also seic, C. I. L. 818), adv. [for si - ce; si, locat. form of pron. stem sa- = Gr. ho, ha, or hê, and demonstr. -ce; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 777], so, thus, in this or that manner, in such a manner, in the same way or manner, in like manner, likewise, to this or that extent or degree, to such a degree, in this or that state or condition, in such a condition (syn. ita); sic refers, I. To a previous fact, description, or assumption.—II. To a subsequent independent sentence, = thus, as follows. —III. As a local demonstrative (deiktikôs), referring to something done or pointed out by the speaker, = thus, as I do it; thus, as you see, etc.—IV. As a correlative, preceding or following clauses introduced by conjunctions. —V. In certain idiomatic connections.

Referring to something said before, = hoc modo: sic ille annus duo firmamenta rei publicae evertit, so, i. e. in the manner mentioned, Cic. Att. 1, 18, 3:

sic et nata et progressa eloquentia videtur,

id. Inv. 1, 2, 3:

facinus indignum Sic circumiri,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 9:

sic deinceps omne opus contexitur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 23:

arare mavelim quam sic amare,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 21:

sic se res habet,

Cic. Brut. 18, 71:

sic regii constiterant,

Liv. 42, 58:

sic res Romana in antiquum statum rediit,

id. 3, 9, 1:

sic ad Alpes perventum est,

Tac. H. 1, 84; cf. Enn. Ann. 1, 104; Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 88; Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 11; Cic. Inv. 1, 46, 86; 2, 32, 100; id. de Or. 1, 32, 146; 2, 49, 201; 3, 29, 117; id. Brut. 40, 149; id. Rep. 2, 14, 27; 2, 20, 35; id. Lael. 9, 32; Liv. 4, 11, 5; 6, 17, 1; Caes. B. G. 3, 19; 6, 30; 7, 62.—Often sic does not qualify the main predicate, but a participle or adjective referring to it:

sic igitur instructus veniat ad causas,

Cic. Or. 34, 121:

cum sic affectos dimisisset,

Liv. 21, 43, 1:

sic omnibus copiis fusis se in castra recipiunt,

Caes. B. G. 3, 6:

sic milites consolatus eodem die reducit in castra,

id. ib. 7, 19; cf. id. ib. 7, 62; Ov. M. 1, 32.—

In a parenthet. clause (= ita):

quae, ut sic dicam, ad corpus pertinent civitatis,

so to speak, Cic. Inv. 2, 56, 168:

commentabar declamitans—sic enim nunc loquuntur,

id. Brut. 90, 310; cf. id. Att. 12, 39, 2; id. Lael. 11, 39; Liv. 7, 31; Ov. M. 4, 660; 13, 597; 13, 866.—

Referring not to the predicate, but to some intermediate term understood (= ita; cf.

Engl. so): sic provolant duo Fabii (= sic loquentes),

Liv. 2, 46, 7:

sic enim nostrae rationes postulabant (sic = ut sic agerem),

Cic. Att. 4, 2, 6:

tibi enim ipsi sic video placere (sic = sic faciendo),

id. ib. 4, 6, 2:

sic enim concedis mihi proximis litteris (= ut sic agam),

id. ib. 5, 20, 1:

sic enim statuerat (= hoc faciendum esse),

id. Phil. 5, 7, 208:

Quid igitur? Non sic oportet? Equidem censeo sic (sic = hoc fieri),

id. Fam. 16, 18, 1:

sic soleo (i. e. bona consilia reddere),

Ter. Ad. 5, 7, 25:

sic soleo amicos (i. e. beare),

id. Eun. 2, 2, 48:

sic memini tamen (= hoc ita esse),

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 48:

haec sic audivi (= ita esse),

id. Ep. 3, 1, 79:

sic prorsus existimo (= hoc ita esse),

Cic. Brut. 33, 125:

quoniam sic cogitis ipsi (= hoc facere),

Ov. M. 5, 178.—

As completing object, = hoc:

iis litteris respondebo: sic enim postulas (= hoc postulas),

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 1:

hic adsiste. Sic volo (= hoc volo, or hoc te facere volo),

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 15:

sic fata jubent (= hoc jubent, or hoc facere jubent),

Ov. M. 15, 584:

hic apud nos hodie cenes. Sic face,

Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 8:

sic faciendum est,

Cic. Att. 4, 6, 2.—

Predicatively with esse (appellari, videri, etc.), in the sense of talis:

sic vita hominum est (= talis),

Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 84:

vir acerrimo ingenio—sic enim fuit,

id. Or. 5, 18:

familiaris noster—sic est enim,

id. Att. 1, 18, 6:

sic est vulgus,

id. Rosc. Com. 10, 20:

sic, Crito, est hic,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 16: sic sum;

si placeo, utere,

id. Phorm. 3, 2, 42:

sic sententiest,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 90:

sic est (= sic res se habet),

that is so, Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 21:

qui sic sunt (i. e. vivunt) haud multum heredem juvant,

id. Hec. 3, 5, 10:

nunc hoc profecto sic est,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 1, 42:

sic est. Non muto sententiam,

Sen. Ep. 10; cf. Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 35; id. Am. 2, 1, 60; id. Aul. 2, 4, 43; id. As. 5, 2, 12; id. Most. 4, 3, 40; Ter. And. 1, 1, 35; id. Eun. 3, 1, 18; id. Ad. 3, 3, 44; Cic. Lael. 1, 5; id. de Or. 1, 19, 86; id. Or. 14, 46.—

Rarely as subject (mostly representing a subject-clause):

sic commodius esse arbitror quam manere hanc (sic = abire),

Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 31:

si sic (= hoc) est factum, erus damno auctus est,

id. Heaut. 4, 1, 15: Pe. Quid? Concidit? Mi. Sic suspicio est (= eam concidisse), Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 57:

mihi sic est usus (= sic agere),

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 28:

sic opus est (= hoc facere),

Ov. M. 1, 279; 2, 785.—

To express relations other than manner (rare).

Of consequence; un der these circumstances, accordingly, hence:

sic Numitori ad supplicium Remus deditur,

Liv. 1, 5, 4:

sic et habet quod uterque eorum habuit, et explevit quod utrique defuit,

Cic. Brut. 42, 154:

sic victam legem esse, nisi caveant,

Liv. 4, 11, 5:

suavis mihi ructus est. Sic sine modo,

Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 17. —

Of condition; on this condition, if this be done, etc.:

reliquas illius anni pestes recordamini, sic enim facillime perspicietis, etc.,

Cic. Sest. 25, 55: displiceas aliis;

sic ego tutus ero (sic = si displicebis),

Tib. 4, 13, 6:

Scironis media sic licet ire via (sic = si amantes eunt),

Prop. 4, 15 (3, 16), 12:

sic demum lucos Stygios Aspicies (= non aspicies, nisi hoc facies),

Verg. A. 6, 154 (for sic as antecedent of si, v. infra, IV. 5).—

Of intensity:

non latuit scintilla ingenii: sic erat in omni sermone sollers (= tam sollers erat ut non lateret ingenium),

Cic. Rep. 2, 21, 37; cf. infra, IV. 4.

Referring to a subsequent sentence, thus, as follows, in the following manner (= hoc modo, hoc pacto, hujusmodi, ad hunc modum):

ingressus est sic loqui Scipio: Catonis hoc senis est, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 2, 1, 1 (cf.:

tum Varro ita exorsus est,

id. Ac. 1, 4, 15): hunc inter pugnas Servilius sic compellat, etc., Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 4 (Ann. v. 256 Vahl.):

puero sic dicit pater: Noster esto,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 38:

sic faciam: adsimulabo quasi quam culpam in sese admiserint,

id. Stich. 1, 2, 27 dub.:

salem candidum sic facito: amphoram puram impleto, etc.,

Cato, R. R. 88: sic enim dixisti:

Vidi ego tuam lacrimulam,

Cic. Planc. 31, 76:

res autem se sic habet: composite et apte sine sententiis dicere insania est,

the truth is this, id. Or. 71, 236:

sic loquere, sic vive: vide, ne te ulla res deprimat,

Sen. Ep. 10, 4; cf. id. ib. 10, 1; Cato, R. R. 77 sqq.; Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 177; Ter. Phorm. prol. 13; Auct. Her. 4, 6, 9; 4, 21, 29; 4, 4, 30; Cic. [p. 1691] Inv. 1, 39, 71; id. Or. 1, 45, 198; 2, 40, 167; 2, 40, 172; id. Att. 2, 22, 1; 5, 1, 3; 6, 1, 3; Verg. A. 1, 521.—

Esp., with ellipsis of predicate:

ego sic: diem statuo, etc. (sc. ago),

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 16.—Sometimes sic introduces detached words: sic loqui nosse, judicasse vetant, novisse jubent et judicavisse (= they forbid to say nosse, etc.), Cic. Or. 47, 157.—

For instance (= hoc modo, hoc pacto, ut hoc, verbi gratia, ut si; cf. Cic. Inv. 1, 49, 91 sq. infra):

disjunctum est, cum unumquodque certo concluditur verbo,

Auct. Her. 4, 27, 37:

mala definitio est... cum aliquid non grave dicit, sic: Stultitia est immensa gloriae cupiditas,

Cic. Inv. 1, 49, 91.

As a local demonstrative, thus, so, etc. (deiktikôs; colloq.;

mostly comice): ne hunc ornatum vos meum admiremini, quod ego processi sic cum servili schema,

as you see me now, Plaut. Am. prol. 117:

sed amictus sic hac ludibundus incessi,

id. Ps. 5, 1, 31:

nec sic per totam infamis traducerer urbem,

Prop. 2, 24 (3, 18), 7:

sic ad me, miserande, redis?

Ov. M. 11, 728; cf. Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 4.—So accompanied with a corresponding gesture:

Quid tu igitur sic hoc digitulis duobus sumebas primoribus?

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 25: Pe. Quid si curram? Tr. Censeo. Pe. An sic potius placide? (the speaker imitating the motion), id. Rud. 4, 8, 10:

non licet te sic placidule bellam belle tangere?

id. ib. 2, 4, 12:

quod non omnia sic poterant conjuncta manere,

Lucr. 5, 441.—

Here belong the phrases sic dedero, sic dabo, sic datur, expressing a threat of revenge, or satisfaction at another's misfortune: sic dedero! aere militari tetigero lenunculum,

I will give it to him, Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 6; id. As. 2, 4, 33:

sic dabo!

Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 38:

doletne? hem, sic datur si quis erum servos spernit,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 21:

sic furi datur,

id. Stich. 5, 5, 25; so id. Men. 4, 2, 46.—Referring to an act just performed by the speaker:

sic deinde quicunque alius transiliet moenia mea (= sic pereat, quicunque deinde, etc.),

Liv. 1, 7, 2:

sic eat quaecunque Romana lugebit hostem,

so will every one fare who, id. 1, 26, 5:

sic... Cetera sit fortis castrorum turba tuorum (= sic ut interfeci te),

Ov. M. 12, 285.—So with a comp.-clause expressed:

sic stratas legiones Latinorum dabo, quemadmodum legatum jacentem videtis,

Liv. 8, 6, 6; cf. id. 1, 24, 8 (v. IV. 1. infra).

As correlative, with, 1. A comparative clause (sic far more frequent than ita); 2. A contrasted clause, mostly with ut; 3. A modal clause, with ut (ita more freq. than sic); 4. A clause expressing intensity, introduced by ut; 5. A conditional clause (rare; ita more freq.); 6. With a reason, introduced by quia (ante-class. and very rare); 7. With an inf. clause; 8. With ut, expressing purpose or result.

With comp. clauses, usu. introduced by ut, but also by quemadmodum (very freq.), sicut, velut, tamquam, quasi, quomodo, quam (rare and poet.), ceu (rare; poet. and post-class.), quantus (rare and poet.), qualis (ante-class. and rare).

With ut:

ut cibi satietas subamara aliqua re relevatur, sic animus defessus audiendi admiratione redintegratur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 17, 25:

ut non omnem frugem, neque arborem in omni agro reperire possis, sic non omne facinus in omni vita nascitur,

id. Rosc. Am. 27, 75:

ex suo regno sic Mithridates profugit ut ex eodem Ponto Medea quondam profugisse dicitur,

id. Imp. Pomp. 9, 22:

ut tu nunc de Coriolano, sic Clitarchus de Themistocle finxit,

id. Brut. 11, 42:

sic moneo ut filium, sic faveo ut mihi, sic hortor ut et pro patria et amicissimum,

id. Fam. 10, 5, 3:

ut vita, sic oratione durus fuit,

id. Brut. 31, 117:

de Lentulo sic fero ut debeo,

id. Att. 4, 6, 1:

sic est ut narro tibi,

Plaut. Most. 4, 3, 40; Cic. Inv. 2, 8, 28; id. Div. 2, 30, 93; id. de Or. 1, 33, 153; 3, 51, 198; Liv. 1, 47, 2; 2, 52, 7; Ov. M. 1, 495; 1, 539; 2, 165 et saep.—So in the formula ut quisque... sic (more freq. ita), rendered by according as, or the more... the...:

ut quisque rem accurat suam, sic ei procedunt postprincipia denique,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 1, 3:

ut quaeque res est tur pissima, sic maxime et maturissime vindicanda est,

Cic. Caecin. 2, 7; v. Fischer, Gr. II. p. 751.—

With quemadmodum: quemadmodum tibicen sine tibiis canere, sic orator, nisi multitudine audiente, eloquens esse non potest, Cic. Or. 2, 83, 338:

quemadmodum se tribuni gessissent in prohibendo dilectu, sic patres in lege prohibenda gerebant,

Liv. 3, 11, 3:

sic vestras hallucinationes fero, quemadmodum Juppiter ineptias poetarum,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 26, 6; cf. Cic. Inv. 1, 23, 33; 2, 8, 28; 2, 27, 82; id. Or. 3, 52, 200; id. Lael. 4, 16; id. Rosc. Com. 1, 2; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 5; Liv. 2, 13, 8; 5, 3, 8; Sen. Ep. 5, 6 (bis); id. Clem. 1, 3, 5; id. Vit. Beat. 23, 4.—

With sicut:

tecum simul, sicut ego pro multis, sic ille pro Appio dixit,

Cic. Brut. 64, 230; 46, 112; id. Or. 2, 44, 186; id. Clu. 2; Caes. B. G. 6, 30; Liv. 4, 57, 11; 7, 13, 8; Sen. Vit. Beat. 9, 2.—

With velut:

velut ipse in re trepida se sit tutatus, sic consulem loca tutiora castris cepisse,

Liv. 4, 41, 6; cf. Cic. Tusc. 1, 10, 20; Verg. A. 1, 148; Ov. M. 4, 375; 4, 705.—

With tamquam:

tamquam litteris in cera, sic se ajebat imaginibus quae meminisse vellet, perscribere,

Cic. Or. 2, 88, 360:

quid autem ego sic adhuc egi, tamquam integra sit causa patriciorum?

Liv. 10, 8:

sic Ephesi fui, tamquam domi meae,

Cic. Fam. 13, 69, 1; cf. id. Or. 2, 42, 180; id. Brut. 18, 71; 58, 213; 66, 235; 74, 258; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 16; 2, 14, 1; id. Prov. Cons. 12, 31; Sen. Ep. 101, 7.—

With quasi:

hujus innocentiae sic in hac calamitosa fama, quasi in aliqua perniciosissima flamma subvenire,

Cic. Clu. 1, 4:

ea sic observabo quasi intercalatum non sit,

id. Att. 6, 1, 12:

Quid tu me sic salutas quasi dudum non videris?

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 51; cf. Cic. Or. 2, 11, 47; id. Inv. 1, 3, 4; id. Sen. 8, 26:

ego sic vivam quasi sciam, etc.,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 3.—

With quomodo:

quomodo nomen in militiam non daret debilis, sic ad iter quod inhabile sciat, non accedet,

Sen. Ot. Sap. 3 (30), 4:

sic demus quomodo vellemus accipere,

id. Ben. 2, 1, 1; id. Ep. 9, 17; id. Ot. Sap. 6, 2 (32 med.); Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 4, 4.—

With ceu:

ceu cetera nusquam Bella forent... sic Martem indomitum Cernimus,

Verg. A. 2, 438.—

With quam:

non sic incerto mutantur flamine Syrtes, quam cito feminea non constat foedus in ira,

Prop. 2, 9, 33; Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 281.—

With quantus:

nec sic errore laetatus Ulixes... nec sic Electra... quanta ego collegi gaudia,

Prop. 2, 14 (3, 6), 5 sqq.—

With qualis:

imo sic condignum donum quali'st quoi dono datum est,

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 40.—

Without a correlative particle, in an independent sentence:

Quis potione uti aut cibo dulci diutius potest? sic omnibus in rebus voluptatibus maximis fastidium finitimum est (= ut nemo cibo dulci uti diutius potest, sic, etc.),

Cic. Or. 3, 25, 100; cf. id. ib. 19, 63.—

In contrasted clauses, mostly with ut, which may generally be rendered while: ut ad bella suscipienda Gallorum acer ac promptus est animus, sic mollis ad calamitates perferendas mens eorum est (almost = etsi ad bella suscipienda... tamen mollis est, etc., while, etc.), Caes. B. G. 3, 19: a ceteris oblectationibus ut deseror, sic litteris sustentor et recreor, while I am deserted, I am sustained, etc., Cic. Att. 4, 10, 1; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 18, 55; id. Fam. 10, 20, 2; Liv. 4, 57, 11; Ov. M. 4, 131; 11, 76.—So freq. two members of the same sentence are coordinated by ut... sic (ita) with almost the same force as a co-ordination by cum... tum, or by sed:

consul, ut fortasse vere, sic parum utiliter in praesens certamen respondit (= vere fortasse, sed parum utiliter),

Liv. 4, 6, 2:

ut nondum satis claram victoriam, sic prosperae spei pugnam imber diremit,

id. 6, 32, 6:

(forma erat) ut non cygnorum, sic albis proxima cygnis,

Ov. M. 14, 509; cf. Liv. 1, 27, 2; 5, 38, 2; 6, 6, 10; Ov. M. 1, 370.—In this use etiam or quoque is sometimes joined with sic (never by Cic. with ita):

nostri sensus, ut in pace semper, sic tum etiam in bello congruebant (= cum... tum),

Cic. Marcell. 6, 16:

ut sunt, sic etiam nominantur senes,

id. Sen. 6, 20:

utinam ut culpam, sic etiam suspitionem vitare potuisses,

id. Phil. 1, 13, 33:

ut superiorum aetatum studia occidunt, sic occidunt etiam senectutis,

id. Sen. 20, 76:

ut voce, sic etiam oratione,

id. Or. 25, 85; id. Top. 15, 59; id. Leg. 2, 25, 62; id. Lael. 5, 19.—More rarely with quem ad modum, quomodo:

ut, quem ad modum est, sic etiam appelletur tyrannus,

Cic. Att. 10, 4, 2:

quo modo ad bene vivendum, sic etiam ad beate,

id. Tusc. 3, 17, 37. —

With a clause of manner introduced by ut = so that:

sic fuimus semper comparati ut hominum sermonibus quasi in aliquod judicium vocaremur,

Cic. Or. 3, 9, 32:

eam sic audio ut Plautum mihi aut Naevium videar audire,

id. ib. 3, 12, 45:

sic agam vobiscum ut aliquid de vestris vitiis audiatis,

id. ib. 3, 12, 46:

omnia sic suppetunt ut ei nullam deesse virtutem oratoris putem,

id. Brut. 71, 250:

omnis pars orationis esse debet laudabilis, sic ut verbum nullum excidat,

id. Or. 36, 125:

sic tecum agam ut vel respondendi vel interpellandi potestatem faciam,

id. Rosc. Am. 27, 73:

nec vero sic erat umquam non paratus Milo contra illum ut non satis fere esset paratus,

id. Mil. 21, 56:

sic eum eo de re publica disputavit ut sentiret sibi cum viro forti esse pugnandum,

id. Fam. 5, 2, 8; cf. Plaut. As. 2, 4, 49; id. Mil. 2, 2, 82; Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 245; 2, 1, 3; 2, 6, 23; id. Brut. 22, 88; 40, 148; id. Sest. 40, 87; id. Planc. 10, 25; id. Fam. 5, 15, 4; Caes. B. G. 2, 32; 5, 17; id. B. C. 3, 56; Prop. 1, 21, 5.—Sometimes the correlative clause is restrictive, and sic = but so, yet so, only so:

mihi sic placuit ut cetera Antisthenis, hominis acuti magis quam eruditi,

Cic. Att. 12, 38, 4:

sic conveniet reprehendi, ut demonstretur etc.,

id. Inv. 1, 46, 86; id. Brut. 79, 274; id. Marcell. 11, 34; id. Att. 13, 3, 1 (ita is more freq. in this sense).—

With a clause expressing intensity (so both with adjj. and verbs; but far less freq. than ita, tam, adeo), to such a degree, so, so far, etc.:

sic ego illum in timorem dabo, ipse sese ut neget esse eum qui siet,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 20 sq.:

conficior lacrimis sic ut ferre non possim,

Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 1:

sic rem fuisse apertam ut judicium fieri nihil attinuerit,

id. Inv. 2, 28, 84:

cujus responso judices sic exarserunt ut capitis hominem innocentissimum condemnarent,

id. Or. 1, 54, 233; cf. id. ib. 3, 8, 29; id. Brut. 88, 302; id. Or. 53, 177; 55, 184; id. Rep. 2, 21, 37; 3, 9, 15; id. Lael. 1, 4; id. Planc. 8, 21; id. Verr. 1, 36, 91; id. Balb. 5, 13; id. Att. 1, 8, 2; 1, 16, 1; Caes. B. G. 6, 41; Hor. S. 2, 3, 1.—

Rarely conditional clauses have the antecedent sic.

Poet. and in post-Aug. prose, to represent the result of the condition as sure:

sic invidiam effugies, si te non ingesseris oculis, si bona tua non jactaveris, si scieris in sinu gaudere,

Sen. Ep. 105, 3:

sic hodie veniet si qua negavit heri,

Prop. 2, 14 (3, 6), 20.—

Denoting with the proviso that, but only if (usu. ita):

decreverunt ut cum populus regem jussisset, id sic ratum esset si patres auctores fuissent,

that the choice should be valid, but only if the Senate should ratify it, Liv. 1, 17, 9:

sic ignovisse putato Me tibi si cenes hodie mecum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 69.—

Sic quia = idcirco quia (very rare): Th. Quid vos? Insanin' estis? Tr. Quidum? Th. Sic quia foris ambulatis, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 20.—

With inf. clause (freq.):

sic igitur sentio, naturam primum atque ingenium ad dicendum vim afferre maximam,

Cic. Or. 1, 25, 113:

sic a majoribus nostris accepimus, praetorem quaestori suo parentis loco esse oportere,

id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61:

ego sic existimo, in summo imperatore quattuor res inesse oportere,

id. Imp. Pomp. 10, 38; cf. Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 5; Cic. Inv. 2, 55, 167; id. de Or. 1, 20, 93; 2, 28, 122; id. Brut. 36, 138; 41, 152; id. Div. in Caecil. 3, 10; id. Verr. 1, 7, 20; Liv. 5, 15, 11.—Esp., after sic habeto (habe, habeas) = scito (only Ciceron.):

sic habeto, in eum statum tuum reditum incidere ut, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 2, 3, 1; so id. ib. 1, 7, 3; 2, 6, 5; 2, 10, 1; 7, 18, 1; 9, 16, 2; id. Att. 2, 25, 1; 5, 1, 5; 5, 20, 1 et saep.—

With ut, expressing purpose or result:

nunc sic faciam, sic consilium est, ad erum ut veniam docte atque astu,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 23:

ab Ariobarzane sic contendi ut talenta, quae mihi pollicebatur, illi daret,

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 3:

sic accidit ut ex tanto navium numero nulla omnino navis... desideraretur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 23; cf. Cato, R. R. 1, 1; Cic. Att. 8, 1, 4; id. Or. 2, 67, 271.

Idiomatic usages of sic.

In a wish, expressed as a conclusion after an imperative ( poet.):

parce: sic bene sub tenera parva quiescat humo (= si parces, bene quiescat),

Tib. 2, 6, 30:

annue: sic tibi sint intonsi, Phoebe, capilli,

id. 2, 5, 121:

pone, precor, fastus... Sic tibi nec vernum nascentia frigus adurat Poma, nec excutiant rapidi florentia venti,

Ov. M. 14, 762: dic [p. 1692] mihi de nostra quae sentis vera puella:

Sic tibi sint dominae, Lygdame, dempta juga,

Prop. 4, 5, 1; Tib. 2, 6, 30.—The imperative may follow the clause with sic:

sic tua Cyrneas fugiant examina taxos... Incipe (sc. cantare) si quid habes (= si incipies cantare, opto tibi ut tua examina, etc.),

Verg. E. 9, 30:

sic tibi (Arethusa) Doris amara suam non intermisceat undam: Incipe (= si incipies, opto tibi ut Doris, etc.),

id. ib. 10, 4:

sic mare compositum, sic sit tibi piscis in unda Credulus... Dic ubi sit,

Ov. M. 8, 857; Sen. Troad. 702; cf.:

sic te Diva potens Cypri... Ventorumque regat pater, Navis... Reddas incolumem Vergilium (= si tu, navis, reddes Vergilium, prosperum precor tibi cursum),

Hor. C. 1, 3, 1; cf.

also: sic venias hodierne: tibi dem turis honores (=si venies, tibi dem),

Tib. 1, 7, 53; cf. Ov. H. 3, 135; 4, 148.—

Sic (like ita) with ut in strong asseveration ( poet.):

sic me di amabunt, ut me tuarum miseritum'st fortunarum (= by the love of the gods, I pity, etc.),

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 54:

Diespiter me sic amabit ut ego hanc familiam interire cupio,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 47:

sic has deus aequoris artes Adjuvet, ut nemo jamdudum littore in isto constitit,

Ov. M. 8, 866:

sic mihi te referas levis, ut non altera nostro limine intulit ulla pedes,

Prop. 1, 18, 11; cf. id. 3, 15 (4, 14), 1; cf.:

vera cano, sic usque sacras innoxia laurus vescar,

Tib. 2, 5, 63.—

In a demonstrative temporal force, like the Gr. houtôs, so, as the matter stands now, as it now is, as it then was, etc.

In gen.:

e Graecis cavendae sunt quaedam familiaritates, praeter hominum perpaucorum, si qui sunt vetere Graecia digni. Sic vero fallaces sunt permulti et leves,

but as things now stand, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 5, § 16:

at sic citius qui te expedias his aerumnis reperias,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 8: Pe. Pol tibi istuc credo nomen actutum fore. Tr. Dum interea sic sit, istuc actutum sino, provided it be as it is, Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 71:

quotiens hoc tibi ego interdixi, meam ne sic volgo pollicitarere operam,

thus, as you are doing now, id. Mil. 4, 2, 65:

si utrumvis tibi visus essem, Non sic ludibrio tuis factis habitus essem,

Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 11:

non sic nudos in flumen deicere (voluerunt),

naked, as they are, Cic. Rosc. Am. 26, 71:

sub alta platano... jacentes sic temere,

Hor. C. 2, 11, 14.—Esp., with sine and abl.:

me germanam meam sororem tibi sic sine dote dedisse,

so as she is, without a dowry, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 65:

sic sine malo,

id. Rud. 3, 5, 2:

at operam perire meam sic... perpeti nequeo,

without result, id. Trin. 3, 2, 34 Ritschl, Fleck. (Brix omits sic): nec sic de nihilo fulminis ira cadit (= without cause), Prop. 2, 16 (3, 8), 52: mirabar hoc si sic abiret, so, i. e. without trouble, Ter. And. 1, 2, 4:

hoc non poterit sic abire,

Cic. Fin. 5, 3, 7; so,

sic abire,

id. Att. 14, 1, 1; Cat. 14, 16; Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 39. —Hence,

With imperatives, esp. with sine: Quid ego hoc faciam postea? sic sine eumpse, just let him alone, i. e. leave him as he is, Plaut. Most. 1, 4, 32:

si non vult (numerare), sic sine adstet,

id. As. 2, 4, 54:

sine fores sic, abi,

let the door alone, id. Men. 2, 3, 1; so id. Cas. 3, 6, 36; id. Ps. 1, 5, 62.—

Pregn., implying a concession (= kai houtôs), even as it is now, even without doing so, in spite of it:

nolo bis iterare, sat sic longae fiunt fabulae,

narratives are long enough anyhow, as they are, without saying them twice over, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 154:

sed sic quoque erat tamen Acis,

even as it was, in spite of what has been said, Ov. M. 13, 896; so,

sic quoque fallebat,

id. ib. 1, 698:

sed sic me et libertatis fructu privas et diligentiae,

anyhow, not taking into account what is mentioned, Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 4: exhibeas molestiam si quid debeam, qui nunc sic tam es molestus, who art so troublesome even as it is, i. e. without my owing you any thing, Plaut. Pers. 2, 44:

sic quoque parte plebis affecta, fides tamen publica potior senatui fuit,

Liv. 7, 27; cf. Ov. F. 2, 642; Suet. Aug. 78.—

Ellipt., referring to something in the mind of the speaker:

Quod si hoc nunc sic incipiam? Nihil est. Quod si sic? Tantumdem egero. At sic opinor? Non potest,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 8: illa quae aliis sic, aliis secus videntur, to some in one way, to others in another (= aliis aliter), Cic. Leg. 1, 17, 47: Quid vini absumpsit! Sic hoc dicens, asperum hoc est, aliud lenius, = this wine is so (the speaker not saying what he thinks of it), Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49: deinde quod illa (quae ego dixi) sive faceta sunt, sive sic, fiunt narrante te venustissima, or so, i. e. or otherwise, Cic. Fam. 15, 21, 2:

monitorem non desiderabit qui dicat, Sic incede, sic cena... sic amico utere, sic cive, sic socio,

Sen. Ep. 114.—

In answers, yes = the French, Italian, and Spanish si (ante - class. and rare): Ph. Phaniam relictam ais? Ge. Sic, Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 2: De. Illa maneat? Ch. Sic, id. ib. 5, 3, 30: Ch. Sicine est sententia? Me. Sic, id. Heaut. 1, 1, 114.

sīc (old form sīce, Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 12; also seic, C. I. L. 818), adv. [for si - ce; si, locat. form of pron. stem sa- = Gr. ho, ha, or hê, and demonstr. -ce; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 777], so, thus, in this or that manner, in such a manner, in the same way or manner, in like manner, likewise, to this or that extent or degree, to such a degree, in this or that state or condition, in such a condition (syn. ita); sic refers, I. To a previous fact, description, or assumption.—II. To a subsequent independent sentence, = thus, as follows. —III. As a local demonstrative (deiktikôs), referring to something done or pointed out by the speaker, = thus, as I do it; thus, as you see, etc.—IV. As a correlative, preceding or following clauses introduced by conjunctions. —V. In certain idiomatic connections.

Referring to something said before, = hoc modo: sic ille annus duo firmamenta rei publicae evertit, so, i. e. in the manner mentioned, Cic. Att. 1, 18, 3:

sic et nata et progressa eloquentia videtur,

id. Inv. 1, 2, 3:

facinus indignum Sic circumiri,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 9:

sic deinceps omne opus contexitur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 23:

arare mavelim quam sic amare,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 21:

sic se res habet,

Cic. Brut. 18, 71:

sic regii constiterant,

Liv. 42, 58:

sic res Romana in antiquum statum rediit,

id. 3, 9, 1:

sic ad Alpes perventum est,

Tac. H. 1, 84; cf. Enn. Ann. 1, 104; Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 88; Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 11; Cic. Inv. 1, 46, 86; 2, 32, 100; id. de Or. 1, 32, 146; 2, 49, 201; 3, 29, 117; id. Brut. 40, 149; id. Rep. 2, 14, 27; 2, 20, 35; id. Lael. 9, 32; Liv. 4, 11, 5; 6, 17, 1; Caes. B. G. 3, 19; 6, 30; 7, 62.—Often sic does not qualify the main predicate, but a participle or adjective referring to it:

sic igitur instructus veniat ad causas,

Cic. Or. 34, 121:

cum sic affectos dimisisset,

Liv. 21, 43, 1:

sic omnibus copiis fusis se in castra recipiunt,

Caes. B. G. 3, 6:

sic milites consolatus eodem die reducit in castra,

id. ib. 7, 19; cf. id. ib. 7, 62; Ov. M. 1, 32.—

In a parenthet. clause (= ita):

quae, ut sic dicam, ad corpus pertinent civitatis,

so to speak, Cic. Inv. 2, 56, 168:

commentabar declamitans—sic enim nunc loquuntur,

id. Brut. 90, 310; cf. id. Att. 12, 39, 2; id. Lael. 11, 39; Liv. 7, 31; Ov. M. 4, 660; 13, 597; 13, 866.—

Referring not to the predicate, but to some intermediate term understood (= ita; cf.

Engl. so): sic provolant duo Fabii (= sic loquentes),

Liv. 2, 46, 7:

sic enim nostrae rationes postulabant (sic = ut sic agerem),

Cic. Att. 4, 2, 6:

tibi enim ipsi sic video placere (sic = sic faciendo),

id. ib. 4, 6, 2:

sic enim concedis mihi proximis litteris (= ut sic agam),

id. ib. 5, 20, 1:

sic enim statuerat (= hoc faciendum esse),

id. Phil. 5, 7, 208:

Quid igitur? Non sic oportet? Equidem censeo sic (sic = hoc fieri),

id. Fam. 16, 18, 1:

sic soleo (i. e. bona consilia reddere),

Ter. Ad. 5, 7, 25:

sic soleo amicos (i. e. beare),

id. Eun. 2, 2, 48:

sic memini tamen (= hoc ita esse),

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 48:

haec sic audivi (= ita esse),

id. Ep. 3, 1, 79:

sic prorsus existimo (= hoc ita esse),

Cic. Brut. 33, 125:

quoniam sic cogitis ipsi (= hoc facere),

Ov. M. 5, 178.—

As completing object, = hoc:

iis litteris respondebo: sic enim postulas (= hoc postulas),

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 1:

hic adsiste. Sic volo (= hoc volo, or hoc te facere volo),

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 15:

sic fata jubent (= hoc jubent, or hoc facere jubent),

Ov. M. 15, 584:

hic apud nos hodie cenes. Sic face,

Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 8:

sic faciendum est,

Cic. Att. 4, 6, 2.—

Predicatively with esse (appellari, videri, etc.), in the sense of talis:

sic vita hominum est (= talis),

Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 84:

vir acerrimo ingenio—sic enim fuit,

id. Or. 5, 18:

familiaris noster—sic est enim,

id. Att. 1, 18, 6:

sic est vulgus,

id. Rosc. Com. 10, 20:

sic, Crito, est hic,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 16: sic sum;

si placeo, utere,

id. Phorm. 3, 2, 42:

sic sententiest,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 90:

sic est (= sic res se habet),

that is so, Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 21:

qui sic sunt (i. e. vivunt) haud multum heredem juvant,

id. Hec. 3, 5, 10:

nunc hoc profecto sic est,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 1, 42:

sic est. Non muto sententiam,

Sen. Ep. 10; cf. Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 35; id. Am. 2, 1, 60; id. Aul. 2, 4, 43; id. As. 5, 2, 12; id. Most. 4, 3, 40; Ter. And. 1, 1, 35; id. Eun. 3, 1, 18; id. Ad. 3, 3, 44; Cic. Lael. 1, 5; id. de Or. 1, 19, 86; id. Or. 14, 46.—

Rarely as subject (mostly representing a subject-clause):

sic commodius esse arbitror quam manere hanc (sic = abire),

Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 31:

si sic (= hoc) est factum, erus damno auctus est,

id. Heaut. 4, 1, 15: Pe. Quid? Concidit? Mi. Sic suspicio est (= eam concidisse), Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 57:

mihi sic est usus (= sic agere),

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 28:

sic opus est (= hoc facere),

Ov. M. 1, 279; 2, 785.—

To express relations other than manner (rare).

Of consequence; un der these circumstances, accordingly, hence:

sic Numitori ad supplicium Remus deditur,

Liv. 1, 5, 4:

sic et habet quod uterque eorum habuit, et explevit quod utrique defuit,

Cic. Brut. 42, 154:

sic victam legem esse, nisi caveant,

Liv. 4, 11, 5:

suavis mihi ructus est. Sic sine modo,

Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 17. —

Of condition; on this condition, if this be done, etc.:

reliquas illius anni pestes recordamini, sic enim facillime perspicietis, etc.,

Cic. Sest. 25, 55: displiceas aliis;

sic ego tutus ero (sic = si displicebis),

Tib. 4, 13, 6:

Scironis media sic licet ire via (sic = si amantes eunt),

Prop. 4, 15 (3, 16), 12:

sic demum lucos Stygios Aspicies (= non aspicies, nisi hoc facies),

Verg. A. 6, 154 (for sic as antecedent of si, v. infra, IV. 5).—

Of intensity:

non latuit scintilla ingenii: sic erat in omni sermone sollers (= tam sollers erat ut non lateret ingenium),

Cic. Rep. 2, 21, 37; cf. infra, IV. 4.

Referring to a subsequent sentence, thus, as follows, in the following manner (= hoc modo, hoc pacto, hujusmodi, ad hunc modum):

ingressus est sic loqui Scipio: Catonis hoc senis est, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 2, 1, 1 (cf.:

tum Varro ita exorsus est,

id. Ac. 1, 4, 15): hunc inter pugnas Servilius sic compellat, etc., Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 4 (Ann. v. 256 Vahl.):

puero sic dicit pater: Noster esto,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 38:

sic faciam: adsimulabo quasi quam culpam in sese admiserint,

id. Stich. 1, 2, 27 dub.:

salem candidum sic facito: amphoram puram impleto, etc.,

Cato, R. R. 88: sic enim dixisti:

Vidi ego tuam lacrimulam,

Cic. Planc. 31, 76:

res autem se sic habet: composite et apte sine sententiis dicere insania est,

the truth is this, id. Or. 71, 236:

sic loquere, sic vive: vide, ne te ulla res deprimat,

Sen. Ep. 10, 4; cf. id. ib. 10, 1; Cato, R. R. 77 sqq.; Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 177; Ter. Phorm. prol. 13; Auct. Her. 4, 6, 9; 4, 21, 29; 4, 4, 30; Cic. [p. 1691] Inv. 1, 39, 71; id. Or. 1, 45, 198; 2, 40, 167; 2, 40, 172; id. Att. 2, 22, 1; 5, 1, 3; 6, 1, 3; Verg. A. 1, 521.—

Esp., with ellipsis of predicate:

ego sic: diem statuo, etc. (sc. ago),

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 16.—Sometimes sic introduces detached words: sic loqui nosse, judicasse vetant, novisse jubent et judicavisse (= they forbid to say nosse, etc.), Cic. Or. 47, 157.—

For instance (= hoc modo, hoc pacto, ut hoc, verbi gratia, ut si; cf. Cic. Inv. 1, 49, 91 sq. infra):

disjunctum est, cum unumquodque certo concluditur verbo,

Auct. Her. 4, 27, 37:

mala definitio est... cum aliquid non grave dicit, sic: Stultitia est immensa gloriae cupiditas,

Cic. Inv. 1, 49, 91.

As a local demonstrative, thus, so, etc. (deiktikôs; colloq.;

mostly comice): ne hunc ornatum vos meum admiremini, quod ego processi sic cum servili schema,

as you see me now, Plaut. Am. prol. 117:

sed amictus sic hac ludibundus incessi,

id. Ps. 5, 1, 31:

nec sic per totam infamis traducerer urbem,

Prop. 2, 24 (3, 18), 7:

sic ad me, miserande, redis?

Ov. M. 11, 728; cf. Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 4.—So accompanied with a corresponding gesture:

Quid tu igitur sic hoc digitulis duobus sumebas primoribus?

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 25: Pe. Quid si curram? Tr. Censeo. Pe. An sic potius placide? (the speaker imitating the motion), id. Rud. 4, 8, 10:

non licet te sic placidule bellam belle tangere?

id. ib. 2, 4, 12:

quod non omnia sic poterant conjuncta manere,

Lucr. 5, 441.—

Here belong the phrases sic dedero, sic dabo, sic datur, expressing a threat of revenge, or satisfaction at another's misfortune: sic dedero! aere militari tetigero lenunculum,

I will give it to him, Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 6; id. As. 2, 4, 33:

sic dabo!

Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 38:

doletne? hem, sic datur si quis erum servos spernit,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 21:

sic furi datur,

id. Stich. 5, 5, 25; so id. Men. 4, 2, 46.—Referring to an act just performed by the speaker:

sic deinde quicunque alius transiliet moenia mea (= sic pereat, quicunque deinde, etc.),

Liv. 1, 7, 2:

sic eat quaecunque Romana lugebit hostem,

so will every one fare who, id. 1, 26, 5:

sic... Cetera sit fortis castrorum turba tuorum (= sic ut interfeci te),

Ov. M. 12, 285.—So with a comp.-clause expressed:

sic stratas legiones Latinorum dabo, quemadmodum legatum jacentem videtis,

Liv. 8, 6, 6; cf. id. 1, 24, 8 (v. IV. 1. infra).

As correlative, with, 1. A comparative clause (sic far more frequent than ita); 2. A contrasted clause, mostly with ut; 3. A modal clause, with ut (ita more freq. than sic); 4. A clause expressing intensity, introduced by ut; 5. A conditional clause (rare; ita more freq.); 6. With a reason, introduced by quia (ante-class. and very rare); 7. With an inf. clause; 8. With ut, expressing purpose or result.

With comp. clauses, usu. introduced by ut, but also by quemadmodum (very freq.), sicut, velut, tamquam, quasi, quomodo, quam (rare and poet.), ceu (rare; poet. and post-class.), quantus (rare and poet.), qualis (ante-class. and rare).

With ut:

ut cibi satietas subamara aliqua re relevatur, sic animus defessus audiendi admiratione redintegratur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 17, 25:

ut non omnem frugem, neque arborem in omni agro reperire possis, sic non omne facinus in omni vita nascitur,

id. Rosc. Am. 27, 75:

ex suo regno sic Mithridates profugit ut ex eodem Ponto Medea quondam profugisse dicitur,

id. Imp. Pomp. 9, 22:

ut tu nunc de Coriolano, sic Clitarchus de Themistocle finxit,

id. Brut. 11, 42:

sic moneo ut filium, sic faveo ut mihi, sic hortor ut et pro patria et amicissimum,

id. Fam. 10, 5, 3:

ut vita, sic oratione durus fuit,

id. Brut. 31, 117:

de Lentulo sic fero ut debeo,

id. Att. 4, 6, 1:

sic est ut narro tibi,

Plaut. Most. 4, 3, 40; Cic. Inv. 2, 8, 28; id. Div. 2, 30, 93; id. de Or. 1, 33, 153; 3, 51, 198; Liv. 1, 47, 2; 2, 52, 7; Ov. M. 1, 495; 1, 539; 2, 165 et saep.—So in the formula ut quisque... sic (more freq. ita), rendered by according as, or the more... the...:

ut quisque rem accurat suam, sic ei procedunt postprincipia denique,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 1, 3:

ut quaeque res est tur pissima, sic maxime et maturissime vindicanda est,

Cic. Caecin. 2, 7; v. Fischer, Gr. II. p. 751.—

With quemadmodum: quemadmodum tibicen sine tibiis canere, sic orator, nisi multitudine audiente, eloquens esse non potest, Cic. Or. 2, 83, 338:

quemadmodum se tribuni gessissent in prohibendo dilectu, sic patres in lege prohibenda gerebant,

Liv. 3, 11, 3:

sic vestras hallucinationes fero, quemadmodum Juppiter ineptias poetarum,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 26, 6; cf. Cic. Inv. 1, 23, 33; 2, 8, 28; 2, 27, 82; id. Or. 3, 52, 200; id. Lael. 4, 16; id. Rosc. Com. 1, 2; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 5; Liv. 2, 13, 8; 5, 3, 8; Sen. Ep. 5, 6 (bis); id. Clem. 1, 3, 5; id. Vit. Beat. 23, 4.—

With sicut:

tecum simul, sicut ego pro multis, sic ille pro Appio dixit,

Cic. Brut. 64, 230; 46, 112; id. Or. 2, 44, 186; id. Clu. 2; Caes. B. G. 6, 30; Liv. 4, 57, 11; 7, 13, 8; Sen. Vit. Beat. 9, 2.—

With velut:

velut ipse in re trepida se sit tutatus, sic consulem loca tutiora castris cepisse,

Liv. 4, 41, 6; cf. Cic. Tusc. 1, 10, 20; Verg. A. 1, 148; Ov. M. 4, 375; 4, 705.—

With tamquam:

tamquam litteris in cera, sic se ajebat imaginibus quae meminisse vellet, perscribere,

Cic. Or. 2, 88, 360:

quid autem ego sic adhuc egi, tamquam integra sit causa patriciorum?

Liv. 10, 8:

sic Ephesi fui, tamquam domi meae,

Cic. Fam. 13, 69, 1; cf. id. Or. 2, 42, 180; id. Brut. 18, 71; 58, 213; 66, 235; 74, 258; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 16; 2, 14, 1; id. Prov. Cons. 12, 31; Sen. Ep. 101, 7.—

With quasi:

hujus innocentiae sic in hac calamitosa fama, quasi in aliqua perniciosissima flamma subvenire,

Cic. Clu. 1, 4:

ea sic observabo quasi intercalatum non sit,

id. Att. 6, 1, 12:

Quid tu me sic salutas quasi dudum non videris?

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 51; cf. Cic. Or. 2, 11, 47; id. Inv. 1, 3, 4; id. Sen. 8, 26:

ego sic vivam quasi sciam, etc.,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 3.—

With quomodo:

quomodo nomen in militiam non daret debilis, sic ad iter quod inhabile sciat, non accedet,

Sen. Ot. Sap. 3 (30), 4:

sic demus quomodo vellemus accipere,

id. Ben. 2, 1, 1; id. Ep. 9, 17; id. Ot. Sap. 6, 2 (32 med.); Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 4, 4.—

With ceu:

ceu cetera nusquam Bella forent... sic Martem indomitum Cernimus,

Verg. A. 2, 438.—

With quam:

non sic incerto mutantur flamine Syrtes, quam cito feminea non constat foedus in ira,

Prop. 2, 9, 33; Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 281.—

With quantus:

nec sic errore laetatus Ulixes... nec sic Electra... quanta ego collegi gaudia,

Prop. 2, 14 (3, 6), 5 sqq.—

With qualis:

imo sic condignum donum quali'st quoi dono datum est,

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 40.—

Without a correlative particle, in an independent sentence:

Quis potione uti aut cibo dulci diutius potest? sic omnibus in rebus voluptatibus maximis fastidium finitimum est (= ut nemo cibo dulci uti diutius potest, sic, etc.),

Cic. Or. 3, 25, 100; cf. id. ib. 19, 63.—

In contrasted clauses, mostly with ut, which may generally be rendered while: ut ad bella suscipienda Gallorum acer ac promptus est animus, sic mollis ad calamitates perferendas mens eorum est (almost = etsi ad bella suscipienda... tamen mollis est, etc., while, etc.), Caes. B. G. 3, 19: a ceteris oblectationibus ut deseror, sic litteris sustentor et recreor, while I am deserted, I am sustained, etc., Cic. Att. 4, 10, 1; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 18, 55; id. Fam. 10, 20, 2; Liv. 4, 57, 11; Ov. M. 4, 131; 11, 76.—So freq. two members of the same sentence are coordinated by ut... sic (ita) with almost the same force as a co-ordination by cum... tum, or by sed:

consul, ut fortasse vere, sic parum utiliter in praesens certamen respondit (= vere fortasse, sed parum utiliter),

Liv. 4, 6, 2:

ut nondum satis claram victoriam, sic prosperae spei pugnam imber diremit,

id. 6, 32, 6:

(forma erat) ut non cygnorum, sic albis proxima cygnis,

Ov. M. 14, 509; cf. Liv. 1, 27, 2; 5, 38, 2; 6, 6, 10; Ov. M. 1, 370.—In this use etiam or quoque is sometimes joined with sic (never by Cic. with ita):

nostri sensus, ut in pace semper, sic tum etiam in bello congruebant (= cum... tum),

Cic. Marcell. 6, 16:

ut sunt, sic etiam nominantur senes,

id. Sen. 6, 20:

utinam ut culpam, sic etiam suspitionem vitare potuisses,

id. Phil. 1, 13, 33:

ut superiorum aetatum studia occidunt, sic occidunt etiam senectutis,

id. Sen. 20, 76:

ut voce, sic etiam oratione,

id. Or. 25, 85; id. Top. 15, 59; id. Leg. 2, 25, 62; id. Lael. 5, 19.—More rarely with quem ad modum, quomodo:

ut, quem ad modum est, sic etiam appelletur tyrannus,

Cic. Att. 10, 4, 2:

quo modo ad bene vivendum, sic etiam ad beate,

id. Tusc. 3, 17, 37. —

With a clause of manner introduced by ut = so that:

sic fuimus semper comparati ut hominum sermonibus quasi in aliquod judicium vocaremur,

Cic. Or. 3, 9, 32:

eam sic audio ut Plautum mihi aut Naevium videar audire,

id. ib. 3, 12, 45:

sic agam vobiscum ut aliquid de vestris vitiis audiatis,

id. ib. 3, 12, 46:

omnia sic suppetunt ut ei nullam deesse virtutem oratoris putem,

id. Brut. 71, 250:

omnis pars orationis esse debet laudabilis, sic ut verbum nullum excidat,

id. Or. 36, 125:

sic tecum agam ut vel respondendi vel interpellandi potestatem faciam,

id. Rosc. Am. 27, 73:

nec vero sic erat umquam non paratus Milo contra illum ut non satis fere esset paratus,

id. Mil. 21, 56:

sic eum eo de re publica disputavit ut sentiret sibi cum viro forti esse pugnandum,

id. Fam. 5, 2, 8; cf. Plaut. As. 2, 4, 49; id. Mil. 2, 2, 82; Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 245; 2, 1, 3; 2, 6, 23; id. Brut. 22, 88; 40, 148; id. Sest. 40, 87; id. Planc. 10, 25; id. Fam. 5, 15, 4; Caes. B. G. 2, 32; 5, 17; id. B. C. 3, 56; Prop. 1, 21, 5.—Sometimes the correlative clause is restrictive, and sic = but so, yet so, only so:

mihi sic placuit ut cetera Antisthenis, hominis acuti magis quam eruditi,

Cic. Att. 12, 38, 4:

sic conveniet reprehendi, ut demonstretur etc.,

id. Inv. 1, 46, 86; id. Brut. 79, 274; id. Marcell. 11, 34; id. Att. 13, 3, 1 (ita is more freq. in this sense).—

With a clause expressing intensity (so both with adjj. and verbs; but far less freq. than ita, tam, adeo), to such a degree, so, so far, etc.:

sic ego illum in timorem dabo, ipse sese ut neget esse eum qui siet,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 20 sq.:

conficior lacrimis sic ut ferre non possim,

Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 1:

sic rem fuisse apertam ut judicium fieri nihil attinuerit,

id. Inv. 2, 28, 84:

cujus responso judices sic exarserunt ut capitis hominem innocentissimum condemnarent,

id. Or. 1, 54, 233; cf. id. ib. 3, 8, 29; id. Brut. 88, 302; id. Or. 53, 177; 55, 184; id. Rep. 2, 21, 37; 3, 9, 15; id. Lael. 1, 4; id. Planc. 8, 21; id. Verr. 1, 36, 91; id. Balb. 5, 13; id. Att. 1, 8, 2; 1, 16, 1; Caes. B. G. 6, 41; Hor. S. 2, 3, 1.—

Rarely conditional clauses have the antecedent sic.

Poet. and in post-Aug. prose, to represent the result of the condition as sure:

sic invidiam effugies, si te non ingesseris oculis, si bona tua non jactaveris, si scieris in sinu gaudere,

Sen. Ep. 105, 3:

sic hodie veniet si qua negavit heri,

Prop. 2, 14 (3, 6), 20.—

Denoting with the proviso that, but only if (usu. ita):

decreverunt ut cum populus regem jussisset, id sic ratum esset si patres auctores fuissent,

that the choice should be valid, but only if the Senate should ratify it, Liv. 1, 17, 9:

sic ignovisse putato Me tibi si cenes hodie mecum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 69.—

Sic quia = idcirco quia (very rare): Th. Quid vos? Insanin' estis? Tr. Quidum? Th. Sic quia foris ambulatis, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 20.—

With inf. clause (freq.):

sic igitur sentio, naturam primum atque ingenium ad dicendum vim afferre maximam,

Cic. Or. 1, 25, 113:

sic a majoribus nostris accepimus, praetorem quaestori suo parentis loco esse oportere,

id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61:

ego sic existimo, in summo imperatore quattuor res inesse oportere,

id. Imp. Pomp. 10, 38; cf. Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 5; Cic. Inv. 2, 55, 167; id. de Or. 1, 20, 93; 2, 28, 122; id. Brut. 36, 138; 41, 152; id. Div. in Caecil. 3, 10; id. Verr. 1, 7, 20; Liv. 5, 15, 11.—Esp., after sic habeto (habe, habeas) = scito (only Ciceron.):

sic habeto, in eum statum tuum reditum incidere ut, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 2, 3, 1; so id. ib. 1, 7, 3; 2, 6, 5; 2, 10, 1; 7, 18, 1; 9, 16, 2; id. Att. 2, 25, 1; 5, 1, 5; 5, 20, 1 et saep.—

With ut, expressing purpose or result:

nunc sic faciam, sic consilium est, ad erum ut veniam docte atque astu,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 23:

ab Ariobarzane sic contendi ut talenta, quae mihi pollicebatur, illi daret,

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 3:

sic accidit ut ex tanto navium numero nulla omnino navis... desideraretur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 23; cf. Cato, R. R. 1, 1; Cic. Att. 8, 1, 4; id. Or. 2, 67, 271.

Idiomatic usages of sic.

In a wish, expressed as a conclusion after an imperative ( poet.):

parce: sic bene sub tenera parva quiescat humo (= si parces, bene quiescat),

Tib. 2, 6, 30:

annue: sic tibi sint intonsi, Phoebe, capilli,

id. 2, 5, 121:

pone, precor, fastus... Sic tibi nec vernum nascentia frigus adurat Poma, nec excutiant rapidi florentia venti,

Ov. M. 14, 762: dic [p. 1692] mihi de nostra quae sentis vera puella:

Sic tibi sint dominae, Lygdame, dempta juga,

Prop. 4, 5, 1; Tib. 2, 6, 30.—The imperative may follow the clause with sic:

sic tua Cyrneas fugiant examina taxos... Incipe (sc. cantare) si quid habes (= si incipies cantare, opto tibi ut tua examina, etc.),

Verg. E. 9, 30:

sic tibi (Arethusa) Doris amara suam non intermisceat undam: Incipe (= si incipies, opto tibi ut Doris, etc.),

id. ib. 10, 4:

sic mare compositum, sic sit tibi piscis in unda Credulus... Dic ubi sit,

Ov. M. 8, 857; Sen. Troad. 702; cf.:

sic te Diva potens Cypri... Ventorumque regat pater, Navis... Reddas incolumem Vergilium (= si tu, navis, reddes Vergilium, prosperum precor tibi cursum),

Hor. C. 1, 3, 1; cf.

also: sic venias hodierne: tibi dem turis honores (=si venies, tibi dem),

Tib. 1, 7, 53; cf. Ov. H. 3, 135; 4, 148.—

Sic (like ita) with ut in strong asseveration ( poet.):

sic me di amabunt, ut me tuarum miseritum'st fortunarum (= by the love of the gods, I pity, etc.),

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 54:

Diespiter me sic amabit ut ego hanc familiam interire cupio,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 47:

sic has deus aequoris artes Adjuvet, ut nemo jamdudum littore in isto constitit,

Ov. M. 8, 866:

sic mihi te referas levis, ut non altera nostro limine intulit ulla pedes,

Prop. 1, 18, 11; cf. id. 3, 15 (4, 14), 1; cf.:

vera cano, sic usque sacras innoxia laurus vescar,

Tib. 2, 5, 63.—

In a demonstrative temporal force, like the Gr. houtôs, so, as the matter stands now, as it now is, as it then was, etc.

In gen.:

e Graecis cavendae sunt quaedam familiaritates, praeter hominum perpaucorum, si qui sunt vetere Graecia digni. Sic vero fallaces sunt permulti et leves,

but as things now stand, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 5, § 16:

at sic citius qui te expedias his aerumnis reperias,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 8: Pe. Pol tibi istuc credo nomen actutum fore. Tr. Dum interea sic sit, istuc actutum sino, provided it be as it is, Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 71:

quotiens hoc tibi ego interdixi, meam ne sic volgo pollicitarere operam,

thus, as you are doing now, id. Mil. 4, 2, 65:

si utrumvis tibi visus essem, Non sic ludibrio tuis factis habitus essem,

Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 11:

non sic nudos in flumen deicere (voluerunt),

naked, as they are, Cic. Rosc. Am. 26, 71:

sub alta platano... jacentes sic temere,

Hor. C. 2, 11, 14.—Esp., with sine and abl.:

me germanam meam sororem tibi sic sine dote dedisse,

so as she is, without a dowry, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 65:

sic sine malo,

id. Rud. 3, 5, 2:

at operam perire meam sic... perpeti nequeo,

without result, id. Trin. 3, 2, 34 Ritschl, Fleck. (Brix omits sic): nec sic de nihilo fulminis ira cadit (= without cause), Prop. 2, 16 (3, 8), 52: mirabar hoc si sic abiret, so, i. e. without trouble, Ter. And. 1, 2, 4:

hoc non poterit sic abire,

Cic. Fin. 5, 3, 7; so,

sic abire,

id. Att. 14, 1, 1; Cat. 14, 16; Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 39. —Hence,

With imperatives, esp. with sine: Quid ego hoc faciam postea? sic sine eumpse, just let him alone, i. e. leave him as he is, Plaut. Most. 1, 4, 32:

si non vult (numerare), sic sine adstet,

id. As. 2, 4, 54:

sine fores sic, abi,

let the door alone, id. Men. 2, 3, 1; so id. Cas. 3, 6, 36; id. Ps. 1, 5, 62.—

Pregn., implying a concession (= kai houtôs), even as it is now, even without doing so, in spite of it:

nolo bis iterare, sat sic longae fiunt fabulae,

narratives are long enough anyhow, as they are, without saying them twice over, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 154:

sed sic quoque erat tamen Acis,

even as it was, in spite of what has been said, Ov. M. 13, 896; so,

sic quoque fallebat,

id. ib. 1, 698:

sed sic me et libertatis fructu privas et diligentiae,

anyhow, not taking into account what is mentioned, Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 4: exhibeas molestiam si quid debeam, qui nunc sic tam es molestus, who art so troublesome even as it is, i. e. without my owing you any thing, Plaut. Pers. 2, 44:

sic quoque parte plebis affecta, fides tamen publica potior senatui fuit,

Liv. 7, 27; cf. Ov. F. 2, 642; Suet. Aug. 78.—

Ellipt., referring to something in the mind of the speaker:

Quod si hoc nunc sic incipiam? Nihil est. Quod si sic? Tantumdem egero. At sic opinor? Non potest,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 8: illa quae aliis sic, aliis secus videntur, to some in one way, to others in another (= aliis aliter), Cic. Leg. 1, 17, 47: Quid vini absumpsit! Sic hoc dicens, asperum hoc est, aliud lenius, = this wine is so (the speaker not saying what he thinks of it), Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49: deinde quod illa (quae ego dixi) sive faceta sunt, sive sic, fiunt narrante te venustissima, or so, i. e. or otherwise, Cic. Fam. 15, 21, 2:

monitorem non desiderabit qui dicat, Sic incede, sic cena... sic amico utere, sic cive, sic socio,

Sen. Ep. 114.—

In answers, yes = the French, Italian, and Spanish si (ante - class. and rare): Ph. Phaniam relictam ais? Ge. Sic, Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 2: De. Illa maneat? Ch. Sic, id. ib. 5, 3, 30: Ch. Sicine est sententia? Me. Sic, id. Heaut. 1, 1, 114.

sĭlĕo, ŭi ( perf. pass. silitum est, Aug. Civ. Dei, 16, 2), 2, v. n. and a. [cf. Goth. silan, ana-silan, to be silent; Germ. seltsam, selten], to be noiseless, still, or silent, to keep silence; act., not to speak of, to keep silent respecting a thing (class.; stronger than tacere).

Lit.

Absol.:

silete et tacete atque animum advortite,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 3; id. Capt. 3, 1, 20:

optimum quemque silere,

Liv. 39, 27 fin.:

muta silet virgo,

Ov. M. 10, 389:

lingua, sile,

id. P. 2, 2, 61:

sedentibus ac silentibus cunctis,

Suet. Claud. 21:

obstrepentes forte ranas silere jussit,

id. Aug. 94.—

With de:

cum ceteri de nobis silent,

Cic. Sull. 29, 80:

de dracone silet,

id. Div. 2, 30, 65:

de re publicā ut sileremus,

id. Brut. 42, 157; cf. id. ib. 76, 266; cf. Fabri ad Sall. J. 19, 2.— Impers. pass.:

de jurgio siletur,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 13; Cic. Div. in Caecil. 10, 32; Sall. C. 2, 8: usque ab Abraham de justorum aliquorum commemoratione silitum est, Aug. Civ. Dei, 16, 2.—

With acc.:

quae hoc tempore sileret omnia,

Cic. Clu. 6, 18:

tu hoc silebis,

id. Att. 2, 18, 3:

neque te silebo, Liber,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 21; cf. id. ib. 4, 9, 31:

fortia facta,

Ov. M. 12, 575:

alium silere quod voles,

Sen. Hippol. 876:

nulla me tellus silet,

id. Herc. Oet. 39; cf.:

facti culpa silenda mihi,

Ov. Tr. 2, 208.— Pass.:

ea res siletur,

Cic. Fl. 3, 6:

quod ego praetermitto et facile patior sileri,

id. Cat. 1, 6, 14:

ne nunc quidem post tot saecula sileantur,

Liv. 27, 10, 7:

per quem tria verba silentur,

Ov. F. 1, 47:

mala causa silenda est,

id. P. 3, 1, 147:

quisquis ille, sileatur,

Plin. Ep. 8, 22, 4; cf. Tac. Agr. 41.— Part. pass. as subst.: sĭlenda, ōrum, mysteries, secrets, Liv. 39, 10, 5; cf. Curt. 6, 25, 3.—

With rel.clause:

quā tulerit mercede, silet,

Ov. M. 7, 688.—

With obj.-clause: ut sileat verbum facere, Auct. B. Hisp. 3, 7.—

Of things (mostly poet.):

intempesta silet nox,

Verg. G. 1, 247:

silet aequor,

id. E. 9, 57:

mare,

Val. Fl. 7, 542:

immotae frondes,

Ov. M. 7, 187:

umidus aër,

id. ib.:

aura,

Col. 2, 21, 5:

venti,

id. 12, 25, 4:

tranquillo silet immotāque attollitur undā Campus,

Verg. A. 5, 127; cf.:

silent late loca,

id. ib. 9, 190:

tempus erat quo cuncta silent,

Ov. M. 10, 446; cf. also infra P. a.—Act.:

si chartae sileant quod bene feceris,

Hor. C. 4, 8, 21.—

Transf., to be still or quiet (opp. to being in action), to remain inactive, to rest, cease (in class. prose, for the most part only of things; cf.

quiesco): et cycnea mele Phoebeaque Carmina consimili ratione oppressa silerent,

Lucr. 2, 506:

silent diutius Musae Varronis quam solebant,

Cic. Ac. 1, 1, 2:

silent leges inter arma,

id. Mil. 4, 10:

si quando ambitus sileat,

id. Leg. 3, 17, 39:

ne sileret sine fabulis hilaritas,

Petr. 110, 6.—Of persons:

fixaque silet Gradivus in hastā,

Val. Fl. 4, 281:

nec ceterae nationes silebant (with arma movere),

Tac. H. 3, 47.—Hence, sĭlens, entis (abl. silente;

but -ti,

Liv. 23, 35, 18 al.; Ov. M. 4, 84; neutr. plur. silenta loca, Laev. ap. Gell. 19, 7, 7; gen. plur. ( poet.) silentum, Verg. A. 6, 432; Ov. M. 5, 356 al.), P. a., still, calm, quiet, silent:

nocte silenti,

Ov. M. 4, 84; Verg. A. 4, 527:

silenti nocte,

Liv. 26, 5, 9;

Petr. poët. 89, 2, 32: silente nocte,

Tib. 1, 5, 16:

silente caelo,

Plin. 18, 28, 69, § 279:

silenti agmine ducam vos,

Liv. 25, 38; so,

silenti agmine,

id. 31, 38 fin.; 35, 4:

per lucos silentes,

Verg. G. 1, 476:

vultu defixus uterque silenti,

Val. Fl. 7, 407:

umbrae silentes,

i. e. the dead, Verg. A. 6, 264;

called populus silens,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 237; more freq. as subst.: sĭlentes, um, comm., the dead:

umbrae silentum,

Ov. M. 15, 797; so,

rex silentum,

id. ib. 5, 356:

sedes,

id. ib. 15, 772; Val. Fl. 1, 750; cf.:

Aeacus jura silentibus illic Reddit,

Ov. M. 13, 25.—The Pythagoreans were also called Silentes for the five years during which they were to listen to the instructions of Pythagoras:

coetus silentum,

Ov. M. 15, 66;

hence, silentes anni, these five years of the Pythagoreans,

Claud. Cons. Mall. Theod. 157: luna silenti, not shining, i. e. at the end of the month, Cato, R. R. 29; 40; 50; Col. 2, 10, 11; cf. Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 190:

sarmentum,

not yet shooting forth, Col. 4, 29, 1:

vineae,

id. 4, 27, 1:

surculi,

id. 11, 2, 26:

flos,

id. 12, 7, 1:

ova,

in which the chicks do not yet move, id. 8, 5, 15.—With ab:

dies silens a ventis,

Col. 4, 29, 5.—Hence, adv.: sĭlenter, silently, Juvenc. 3, 462; Vulg. 1, Reg. 24, 5.

sĭlĕo, ŭi ( perf. pass. silitum est, Aug. Civ. Dei, 16, 2), 2, v. n. and a. [cf. Goth. silan, ana-silan, to be silent; Germ. seltsam, selten], to be noiseless, still, or silent, to keep silence; act., not to speak of, to keep silent respecting a thing (class.; stronger than tacere).

Lit.

Absol.:

silete et tacete atque animum advortite,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 3; id. Capt. 3, 1, 20:

optimum quemque silere,

Liv. 39, 27 fin.:

muta silet virgo,

Ov. M. 10, 389:

lingua, sile,

id. P. 2, 2, 61:

sedentibus ac silentibus cunctis,

Suet. Claud. 21:

obstrepentes forte ranas silere jussit,

id. Aug. 94.—

With de:

cum ceteri de nobis silent,

Cic. Sull. 29, 80:

de dracone silet,

id. Div. 2, 30, 65:

de re publicā ut sileremus,

id. Brut. 42, 157; cf. id. ib. 76, 266; cf. Fabri ad Sall. J. 19, 2.— Impers. pass.:

de jurgio siletur,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 13; Cic. Div. in Caecil. 10, 32; Sall. C. 2, 8: usque ab Abraham de justorum aliquorum commemoratione silitum est, Aug. Civ. Dei, 16, 2.—

With acc.:

quae hoc tempore sileret omnia,

Cic. Clu. 6, 18:

tu hoc silebis,

id. Att. 2, 18, 3:

neque te silebo, Liber,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 21; cf. id. ib. 4, 9, 31:

fortia facta,

Ov. M. 12, 575:

alium silere quod voles,

Sen. Hippol. 876:

nulla me tellus silet,

id. Herc. Oet. 39; cf.:

facti culpa silenda mihi,

Ov. Tr. 2, 208.— Pass.:

ea res siletur,

Cic. Fl. 3, 6:

quod ego praetermitto et facile patior sileri,

id. Cat. 1, 6, 14:

ne nunc quidem post tot saecula sileantur,

Liv. 27, 10, 7:

per quem tria verba silentur,

Ov. F. 1, 47:

mala causa silenda est,

id. P. 3, 1, 147:

quisquis ille, sileatur,

Plin. Ep. 8, 22, 4; cf. Tac. Agr. 41.— Part. pass. as subst.: sĭlenda, ōrum, mysteries, secrets, Liv. 39, 10, 5; cf. Curt. 6, 25, 3.—

With rel.clause:

quā tulerit mercede, silet,

Ov. M. 7, 688.—

With obj.-clause: ut sileat verbum facere, Auct. B. Hisp. 3, 7.—

Of things (mostly poet.):

intempesta silet nox,

Verg. G. 1, 247:

silet aequor,

id. E. 9, 57:

mare,

Val. Fl. 7, 542:

immotae frondes,

Ov. M. 7, 187:

umidus aër,

id. ib.:

aura,

Col. 2, 21, 5:

venti,

id. 12, 25, 4:

tranquillo silet immotāque attollitur undā Campus,

Verg. A. 5, 127; cf.:

silent late loca,

id. ib. 9, 190:

tempus erat quo cuncta silent,

Ov. M. 10, 446; cf. also infra P. a.—Act.:

si chartae sileant quod bene feceris,

Hor. C. 4, 8, 21.—

Transf., to be still or quiet (opp. to being in action), to remain inactive, to rest, cease (in class. prose, for the most part only of things; cf.

quiesco): et cycnea mele Phoebeaque Carmina consimili ratione oppressa silerent,

Lucr. 2, 506:

silent diutius Musae Varronis quam solebant,

Cic. Ac. 1, 1, 2:

silent leges inter arma,

id. Mil. 4, 10:

si quando ambitus sileat,

id. Leg. 3, 17, 39:

ne sileret sine fabulis hilaritas,

Petr. 110, 6.—Of persons:

fixaque silet Gradivus in hastā,

Val. Fl. 4, 281:

nec ceterae nationes silebant (with arma movere),

Tac. H. 3, 47.—Hence, sĭlens, entis (abl. silente;

but -ti,

Liv. 23, 35, 18 al.; Ov. M. 4, 84; neutr. plur. silenta loca, Laev. ap. Gell. 19, 7, 7; gen. plur. ( poet.) silentum, Verg. A. 6, 432; Ov. M. 5, 356 al.), P. a., still, calm, quiet, silent:

nocte silenti,

Ov. M. 4, 84; Verg. A. 4, 527:

silenti nocte,

Liv. 26, 5, 9;

Petr. poët. 89, 2, 32: silente nocte,

Tib. 1, 5, 16:

silente caelo,

Plin. 18, 28, 69, § 279:

silenti agmine ducam vos,

Liv. 25, 38; so,

silenti agmine,

id. 31, 38 fin.; 35, 4:

per lucos silentes,

Verg. G. 1, 476:

vultu defixus uterque silenti,

Val. Fl. 7, 407:

umbrae silentes,

i. e. the dead, Verg. A. 6, 264;

called populus silens,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 237; more freq. as subst.: sĭlentes, um, comm., the dead:

umbrae silentum,

Ov. M. 15, 797; so,

rex silentum,

id. ib. 5, 356:

sedes,

id. ib. 15, 772; Val. Fl. 1, 750; cf.:

Aeacus jura silentibus illic Reddit,

Ov. M. 13, 25.—The Pythagoreans were also called Silentes for the five years during which they were to listen to the instructions of Pythagoras:

coetus silentum,

Ov. M. 15, 66;

hence, silentes anni, these five years of the Pythagoreans,

Claud. Cons. Mall. Theod. 157: luna silenti, not shining, i. e. at the end of the month, Cato, R. R. 29; 40; 50; Col. 2, 10, 11; cf. Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 190:

sarmentum,

not yet shooting forth, Col. 4, 29, 1:

vineae,

id. 4, 27, 1:

surculi,

id. 11, 2, 26:

flos,

id. 12, 7, 1:

ova,

in which the chicks do not yet move, id. 8, 5, 15.—With ab:

dies silens a ventis,

Col. 4, 29, 5.—Hence, adv.: sĭlenter, silently, Juvenc. 3, 462; Vulg. 1, Reg. 24, 5.

sĭlĕo, ŭi ( perf. pass. silitum est, Aug. Civ. Dei, 16, 2), 2, v. n. and a. [cf. Goth. silan, ana-silan, to be silent; Germ. seltsam, selten], to be noiseless, still, or silent, to keep silence; act., not to speak of, to keep silent respecting a thing (class.; stronger than tacere).

Lit.

Absol.:

silete et tacete atque animum advortite,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 3; id. Capt. 3, 1, 20:

optimum quemque silere,

Liv. 39, 27 fin.:

muta silet virgo,

Ov. M. 10, 389:

lingua, sile,

id. P. 2, 2, 61:

sedentibus ac silentibus cunctis,

Suet. Claud. 21:

obstrepentes forte ranas silere jussit,

id. Aug. 94.—

With de:

cum ceteri de nobis silent,

Cic. Sull. 29, 80:

de dracone silet,

id. Div. 2, 30, 65:

de re publicā ut sileremus,

id. Brut. 42, 157; cf. id. ib. 76, 266; cf. Fabri ad Sall. J. 19, 2.— Impers. pass.:

de jurgio siletur,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 13; Cic. Div. in Caecil. 10, 32; Sall. C. 2, 8: usque ab Abraham de justorum aliquorum commemoratione silitum est, Aug. Civ. Dei, 16, 2.—

With acc.:

quae hoc tempore sileret omnia,

Cic. Clu. 6, 18:

tu hoc silebis,

id. Att. 2, 18, 3:

neque te silebo, Liber,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 21; cf. id. ib. 4, 9, 31:

fortia facta,

Ov. M. 12, 575:

alium silere quod voles,

Sen. Hippol. 876:

nulla me tellus silet,

id. Herc. Oet. 39; cf.:

facti culpa silenda mihi,

Ov. Tr. 2, 208.— Pass.:

ea res siletur,

Cic. Fl. 3, 6:

quod ego praetermitto et facile patior sileri,

id. Cat. 1, 6, 14:

ne nunc quidem post tot saecula sileantur,

Liv. 27, 10, 7:

per quem tria verba silentur,

Ov. F. 1, 47:

mala causa silenda est,

id. P. 3, 1, 147:

quisquis ille, sileatur,

Plin. Ep. 8, 22, 4; cf. Tac. Agr. 41.— Part. pass. as subst.: sĭlenda, ōrum, mysteries, secrets, Liv. 39, 10, 5; cf. Curt. 6, 25, 3.—

With rel.clause:

quā tulerit mercede, silet,

Ov. M. 7, 688.—

With obj.-clause: ut sileat verbum facere, Auct. B. Hisp. 3, 7.—

Of things (mostly poet.):

intempesta silet nox,

Verg. G. 1, 247:

silet aequor,

id. E. 9, 57:

mare,

Val. Fl. 7, 542:

immotae frondes,

Ov. M. 7, 187:

umidus aër,

id. ib.:

aura,

Col. 2, 21, 5:

venti,

id. 12, 25, 4:

tranquillo silet immotāque attollitur undā Campus,

Verg. A. 5, 127; cf.:

silent late loca,

id. ib. 9, 190:

tempus erat quo cuncta silent,

Ov. M. 10, 446; cf. also infra P. a.—Act.:

si chartae sileant quod bene feceris,

Hor. C. 4, 8, 21.—

Transf., to be still or quiet (opp. to being in action), to remain inactive, to rest, cease (in class. prose, for the most part only of things; cf.

quiesco): et cycnea mele Phoebeaque Carmina consimili ratione oppressa silerent,

Lucr. 2, 506:

silent diutius Musae Varronis quam solebant,

Cic. Ac. 1, 1, 2:

silent leges inter arma,

id. Mil. 4, 10:

si quando ambitus sileat,

id. Leg. 3, 17, 39:

ne sileret sine fabulis hilaritas,

Petr. 110, 6.—Of persons:

fixaque silet Gradivus in hastā,

Val. Fl. 4, 281:

nec ceterae nationes silebant (with arma movere),

Tac. H. 3, 47.—Hence, sĭlens, entis (abl. silente;

but -ti,

Liv. 23, 35, 18 al.; Ov. M. 4, 84; neutr. plur. silenta loca, Laev. ap. Gell. 19, 7, 7; gen. plur. ( poet.) silentum, Verg. A. 6, 432; Ov. M. 5, 356 al.), P. a., still, calm, quiet, silent:

nocte silenti,

Ov. M. 4, 84; Verg. A. 4, 527:

silenti nocte,

Liv. 26, 5, 9;

Petr. poët. 89, 2, 32: silente nocte,

Tib. 1, 5, 16:

silente caelo,

Plin. 18, 28, 69, § 279:

silenti agmine ducam vos,

Liv. 25, 38; so,

silenti agmine,

id. 31, 38 fin.; 35, 4:

per lucos silentes,

Verg. G. 1, 476:

vultu defixus uterque silenti,

Val. Fl. 7, 407:

umbrae silentes,

i. e. the dead, Verg. A. 6, 264;

called populus silens,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 237; more freq. as subst.: sĭlentes, um, comm., the dead:

umbrae silentum,

Ov. M. 15, 797; so,

rex silentum,

id. ib. 5, 356:

sedes,

id. ib. 15, 772; Val. Fl. 1, 750; cf.:

Aeacus jura silentibus illic Reddit,

Ov. M. 13, 25.—The Pythagoreans were also called Silentes for the five years during which they were to listen to the instructions of Pythagoras:

coetus silentum,

Ov. M. 15, 66;

hence, silentes anni, these five years of the Pythagoreans,

Claud. Cons. Mall. Theod. 157: luna silenti, not shining, i. e. at the end of the month, Cato, R. R. 29; 40; 50; Col. 2, 10, 11; cf. Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 190:

sarmentum,

not yet shooting forth, Col. 4, 29, 1:

vineae,

id. 4, 27, 1:

surculi,

id. 11, 2, 26:

flos,

id. 12, 7, 1:

ova,

in which the chicks do not yet move, id. 8, 5, 15.—With ab:

dies silens a ventis,

Col. 4, 29, 5.—Hence, adv.: sĭlenter, silently, Juvenc. 3, 462; Vulg. 1, Reg. 24, 5.

sĭmĭlis, e, adj. [Sanscr. samā, together; Gr. hama, omoios; Lat. simul, simulare; cf. simia], like, resembling, similar (cf. par); constr. with gen. (so usu. in ante-Aug. Lat.), with dat. (rare in Cic., except with neuter nouns), with inter, atque, and absol.

With gen. (mostly ante - Aug.; so always in Plaut. and Ter.; cf. Brix ad Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 7; but in Cic. almost exclusively of living beings; yet always veri simile; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 5, 5, 12);

of persons: similes avorum,

Lucr. 4, 1218:

nimis simili'st mei,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 286; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 226:

ecquid mei similist (puer)?

id. Truc. 2, 6, 24 Speng.:

omnis inveniri similis tui vis,

id. Capt. 3, 4, 50 Brix:

ita est istaec (amica) hujus similis nostrae tua,

id. Mil. 2, 6, 39:

alia ejus similis,

id. ib. 2, 5, 38:

similis est Sagaristionis,

id. Pers. 1, 1, 14:

hominis similis,

Cic. N. D. 1, 28, 78; Val. Max. 9, 14, 2:

symbolum ejus similem,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 55:

sui similem speciem,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 34:

sui similis res,

Lucr. 5, 830:

volo me patris mei similem,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 53: patris similem esse. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 30:

non tam potuit patris similis esse, quam ille fuerat sui,

id. Off. 1, 33, 121: quaererem ex eo, cujus suorum similis fuisset Africani fratris nepos; facie vel patris, vitā omnium perditorum ita similis, ut esset facile deterrimus;

cujus etiam similis P. Crassi nepos, etc.,

id. Tusc. 1, 33, 81:

tui similis est probe,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 18:

est similis majorum suorum,

id. Ad. 3, 3, 57:

haud similis virgo est virginum nostrarum,

id. Eun. 2, 3, 22: haud parasitorum aliorum simil'est, Naev. ap. Non. 224, 26:

virum non similem furis hujus,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 91:

domini similis es,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 43:

in magistratu privatorum similes,

Cic. Rep. 1, 43, 67:

multi Gnathonum similes cum sint,

id. Lael. 25, 94:

plures Romuli quam Numae similes reges,

Liv. 1, 20:

ut sis tu similis Coeli Byrrhique latronum, Non ego sim Capri neque Sulci,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 69 et saep.:

deos esse tui similes putas?

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 128; so,

tui,

id. Rud. 2, 6, 16; Liv. 22, 39:

nostri similes,

id. 26, 50:

sui similis,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 7; cf.:

alterum similem sui quaerere,

Cic. Lael. 22, 82:

nihil est appetentius similium sui quam natura,

id. ib. 14, 50:

quam uterque est similis sui!

Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 16:

tui similem esse,

Cic. Fam. 9, 14, 6:

sui similis gens,

Tac. G. 4.—Of things:

tam similem quam lacte lactist (i. e. lactis est, Brix ad loc.),

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 85:

haec atque hujus similia alia damna,

id. ib. 3, 1, 105:

perpulchra credo dona aut nostri similia,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 15 Umpfenb.:

quid habet illius carminis simile haec oratio,

Cic. Rep. 1, 36, 56:

si fabularum similia didicimus,

id. ib.:

paupertatem, ignominiam, similia horum,

id. Fin. 3, 15, 51:

similes meorum versus,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 3:

nonne hoc monstri simile'st?

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 43; so,

monstri,

id. Phorm. 5, 7 (8), 61:

prodigii,

Cic. Lig. 4, 11:

narrationem veri similem,

id. de Or. 2, 19, 83; cf.

Cels. ap. Cuint. 2, 15, 32: simile veri,

Cic. Fam. 12, 5, 1:

quae similia veri sint,

Liv. 5, 21 Drak. N. cr.; v. verus, and cf. also in the foll.—In comparing persons with things:

hominem quojus rei Similem esse arbitrarer simulacrumque habere... Novarum aedium esse arbitror similem ego hominem,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 6 sq.:

amator simil'est oppidi hostilis,

id. Truc. 1, 2, 68:

meretricem esse similem sentis condecet,

id. ib. 2, 1, 16: tu pueri pausilli simili'es, Nov. ap. Non. 224, 28:

equi te Esse feri similem dico,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 57.— Comp.: hominem hominis similiorem numquam vid: ego alterum, Neque aqua aquae, neque lac [p. 1701] test lactis usquam similius, Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 29 sq. Brix ad loc.:

Rhodii Atticorum similiores,

Cic. Brut. 13, 52.— Sup.:

hic noster quaestus aucupii simillimu'st,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 63; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 72:

meretrix fortunati oppidi,

id. Cist. 1, 1, 82:

tener et lactens puerique simillimus aevo,

Ov. M. 15, 201:

simillima societas hereditatis,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 18, 55:

quid esset simillimum veri,

id. Tusc. 5, 4, 11.—

With dat. (of both persons and things; freq., and in post-Aug. writers almost always; not in Plaut. or Ter. acc. to Ritschl, Opusc. 2, 570 sq.; 579 sq.; but contra, v. Ussing ad Plaut. Am. v. 595): simia quam similis nobis, Enn. ap. Cic. N. D. 1, 35, 97 (Sat. v. 45 Vahl.):

patri suo,

Cat. 61, 221; cf.:

similis quidem (genitos) alios avo et ex geminis quoque alterum patri, alterum matri, annoque post genitum majori similem fuisse ut geminum. Quasdam sibi similis semper parere, quasdam viro, quasdam nulli, quasdam feminam patri, marem sibi,

Plin. 7, 12, 10, § 51:

similis malo est,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 36: Terentio non similem dices quempiam, Afran. ap. Suet. Vit. Ter. fin.:

filius patri similis,

Cic. Fin. 5, 5, 12 Madv. N. cr.:

sit suo similis patri,

Cat. 61, 217:

patri,

Ov. M. 6, 622:

parentibus ac majoribus suis,

Quint. 5, 10, 24:

par similisque ceteris,

Sall. C. 14, 4:

huic in hoc similis,

Cic. Ac. 2, 37, 118:

similes Icilio,

Liv. 3, 65:

hinnuleo,

Hor. C. 1, 23, 1:

puro te similem vespero petit Rhode,

id. ib. 3, 19, 26:

multum similis metuenti,

id. S. 2, 5, 92:

fluctuanti,

Liv. 6, 13 Drak.:

flenti,

Ov. M. 3, 652:

cognoscenti,

id. ib. 2, 501:

roganti,

id. ib. 3, 240:

cogitantibus et dubitantibus,

Quint. 11, 2, 47:

ediscenti,

id. 11, 2, 46:

legenti,

id. 11, 2, 32 et saep.—Of things:

res similis nostris rebus,

Lucr. 5, 435:

quid simile habet epistula aut judicio aut contioni?

Cic. Fam. 9, 21, 1:

quid illi simile bello fuit?

Caes. B. G. 7, 77:

qui non Fescennino versu (i. e. versui) similem jaciebant,

Liv. 7, 2 Drak. N. cr.:

argumentum vero simile comoediae,

Quint. 2, 4, 2; cf.:

similia veris erant,

Liv. 10, 20, 5:

partim vera partim mixta eoque similia veris,

id. 29, 20, 1; 8, 20, 5:

cui vitio simile sit schema, ut, etc.,

Quint. 9, 3, 10:

primus (iambus) ad extremum similis sibi,

Hor. A. P. 254:

versus sibi,

Quint. 9, 4, 60:

oratio fuit precibus quam jurgio similis, similior,

Liv. 3, 40 Drak. N. cr.—Comp.:

flunt omnia castris quam urbi similiora,

Liv. 4, 31 fin.:

similius vero facit ipsos in amicitiam redisse,

id. 8, 26, 6; 10, 26, 13; Quint. 3, 8, 31.— Sup.:

puro simillimus amni,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 120:

media simillima veris sunt,

Liv. 26, 49:

simillimum id vero fecit,

id. 44, 30, 4.—