priscus

* * *

priscus, a, um, adj. [for prius-cus, like pris-tinus for prius-tinus, and magis for magius, a comparative form], of or belonging to former times, of many years ago, old, olden, ancient, primitive, antique. Like the Greek archaios, it denotes that which existed before our time, while pristinus is applied also to those things which have existed in our day (class.; cf.: vetus, antiquus).

Lit.:

credendum est veteribus et priscis viris,

Cic. Univ. 11:

prisca illa et antiqua rei publicae forma,

Vell. 2, 89, 3:

illud erat insitum priscis illis, quos cascos appellat Ennius,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 27:

nam Joves pluris in priscis Graecorum litteris invenimus,

id. N. D. 3, 16, 42:

severitas,

id. Har. Resp. 13, 27:

et illud quod loquitur priscum visum iri putat,

id. de Or. 3, 11, 42:

priscae sanctimoniae virgo,

Tac. A. 3, 69: prisci Latini proprie appellati sunt ii, qui prius quam conderetur Roma, fuerunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 226 Müll.: priscae Latinae coloniae appellatae sunt, ut distinguerent a novis, quae postea a populo dabantur, Fest. p. 241 Müll.:

tempus,

Ov. F. 1, 197.— Priscus has the accessory idea of venerable, and from the Augustan period is frequently applied to whatever dates from the earliest times, the golden age of Rome:

prisca gens mortalium,

Hor. Epod. 2, 2:

priscus Inachus,

id. C. 2, 3, 21:

Pudor,

id. C. S. 57:

prisco more,

Ov. F. 2, 282:

prisco ritu,

Plin. 12, 1, 2, § 3:

priscum illud acumen, Brute, tuum,

Juv. 4, 102:

fides,

Verg. A. 9, 79; Mart. 1, 40, 2.— Subst.: prisci, ōrum, m., the ancients:

cum colerent prisci studiosius agros,

Ov. F. 3, 779.—

Transf.

Former, previous ( poet.):

quid si prisca redit Venus?

Hor. C. 3, 9, 17:

nomen,

Ov. M. 14, 850; Spart. Hadr. 5.—

Old-fashioned, i. e. strict, severe ( poet.):

prisci praecepta parentis,

Cat. 64, 159: Cato, Hor. C. 3, 21, 11:

prisca supercilia,

Verg. Cop. 34.—Hence, adv.: priscē, in the old-fashioned manner, strictly, severely (class. but rare):

utrum me secum severe, et graviter, et prisce agere malit, an remisse, ac leniter, et urbane,

Cic. Cael. 14, 33.

Priscus, i, m., a Roman surname, the elder.

Of the first Tarquin: Priscus Tarquinius est dictus, quia prius fuit quam Superbus Tarquinius, Paul. ex Fest. p. 226 Müll.; Liv. 1, 34.—

Tarquinius Numicius Priscus, Liv. 2, 63.—

Helvidius Priscus, Suet. Vesp. 15.—

Two Latin poets:

Priscus uterque,

Ov. P. 4, 16, 10 Burm. ad loc.

priscus, a, um, adj. [for prius-cus, like pris-tinus for prius-tinus, and magis for magius, a comparative form], of or belonging to former times, of many years ago, old, olden, ancient, primitive, antique. Like the Greek archaios, it denotes that which existed before our time, while pristinus is applied also to those things which have existed in our day (class.; cf.: vetus, antiquus).

Lit.:

credendum est veteribus et priscis viris,

Cic. Univ. 11:

prisca illa et antiqua rei publicae forma,

Vell. 2, 89, 3:

illud erat insitum priscis illis, quos cascos appellat Ennius,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 27:

nam Joves pluris in priscis Graecorum litteris invenimus,

id. N. D. 3, 16, 42:

severitas,

id. Har. Resp. 13, 27:

et illud quod loquitur priscum visum iri putat,

id. de Or. 3, 11, 42:

priscae sanctimoniae virgo,

Tac. A. 3, 69: prisci Latini proprie appellati sunt ii, qui prius quam conderetur Roma, fuerunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 226 Müll.: priscae Latinae coloniae appellatae sunt, ut distinguerent a novis, quae postea a populo dabantur, Fest. p. 241 Müll.:

tempus,

Ov. F. 1, 197.— Priscus has the accessory idea of venerable, and from the Augustan period is frequently applied to whatever dates from the earliest times, the golden age of Rome:

prisca gens mortalium,

Hor. Epod. 2, 2:

priscus Inachus,

id. C. 2, 3, 21:

Pudor,

id. C. S. 57:

prisco more,

Ov. F. 2, 282:

prisco ritu,

Plin. 12, 1, 2, § 3:

priscum illud acumen, Brute, tuum,

Juv. 4, 102:

fides,

Verg. A. 9, 79; Mart. 1, 40, 2.— Subst.: prisci, ōrum, m., the ancients:

cum colerent prisci studiosius agros,

Ov. F. 3, 779.—

Transf.

Former, previous ( poet.):

quid si prisca redit Venus?

Hor. C. 3, 9, 17:

nomen,

Ov. M. 14, 850; Spart. Hadr. 5.—

Old-fashioned, i. e. strict, severe ( poet.):

prisci praecepta parentis,

Cat. 64, 159: Cato, Hor. C. 3, 21, 11:

prisca supercilia,

Verg. Cop. 34.—Hence, adv.: priscē, in the old-fashioned manner, strictly, severely (class. but rare):

utrum me secum severe, et graviter, et prisce agere malit, an remisse, ac leniter, et urbane,

Cic. Cael. 14, 33.

Priscus, i, m., a Roman surname, the elder.

Of the first Tarquin: Priscus Tarquinius est dictus, quia prius fuit quam Superbus Tarquinius, Paul. ex Fest. p. 226 Müll.; Liv. 1, 34.—

Tarquinius Numicius Priscus, Liv. 2, 63.—

Helvidius Priscus, Suet. Vesp. 15.—

Two Latin poets:

Priscus uterque,

Ov. P. 4, 16, 10 Burm. ad loc.

ancient, antique, former, old days, venerable.

Paleontology: steppe bison

priscus, a, um, adj. [for prius-cus, like pris-tinus for prius-tinus, and magis for magius, a comparative form], of or belonging to former times, of many years ago, old, olden, ancient, primitive, antique. Like the Greek archaios, it denotes that which existed before our time, while pristinus is applied also to those things which have existed in our day (class.; cf.: vetus, antiquus).

Lit.:

credendum est veteribus et priscis viris,

Cic. Univ. 11:

prisca illa et antiqua rei publicae forma,

Vell. 2, 89, 3:

illud erat insitum priscis illis, quos cascos appellat Ennius,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 27:

nam Joves pluris in priscis Graecorum litteris invenimus,

id. N. D. 3, 16, 42:

severitas,

id. Har. Resp. 13, 27:

et illud quod loquitur priscum visum iri putat,

id. de Or. 3, 11, 42:

priscae sanctimoniae virgo,

Tac. A. 3, 69: prisci Latini proprie appellati sunt ii, qui prius quam conderetur Roma, fuerunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 226 Müll.: priscae Latinae coloniae appellatae sunt, ut distinguerent a novis, quae postea a populo dabantur, Fest. p. 241 Müll.:

tempus,

Ov. F. 1, 197.— Priscus has the accessory idea of venerable, and from the Augustan period is frequently applied to whatever dates from the earliest times, the golden age of Rome:

prisca gens mortalium,

Hor. Epod. 2, 2:

priscus Inachus,

id. C. 2, 3, 21:

Pudor,

id. C. S. 57:

prisco more,

Ov. F. 2, 282:

prisco ritu,

Plin. 12, 1, 2, § 3:

priscum illud acumen, Brute, tuum,

Juv. 4, 102:

fides,

Verg. A. 9, 79; Mart. 1, 40, 2.— Subst.: prisci, ōrum, m., the ancients:

cum colerent prisci studiosius agros,

Ov. F. 3, 779.—

Transf.

Former, previous ( poet.):

quid si prisca redit Venus?

Hor. C. 3, 9, 17:

nomen,

Ov. M. 14, 850; Spart. Hadr. 5.—

Old-fashioned, i. e. strict, severe ( poet.):

prisci praecepta parentis,

Cat. 64, 159: Cato, Hor. C. 3, 21, 11:

prisca supercilia,

Verg. Cop. 34.—Hence, adv.: priscē, in the old-fashioned manner, strictly, severely (class. but rare):

utrum me secum severe, et graviter, et prisce agere malit, an remisse, ac leniter, et urbane,

Cic. Cael. 14, 33.

Priscus, i, m., a Roman surname, the elder.

Of the first Tarquin: Priscus Tarquinius est dictus, quia prius fuit quam Superbus Tarquinius, Paul. ex Fest. p. 226 Müll.; Liv. 1, 34.—

Tarquinius Numicius Priscus, Liv. 2, 63.—

Helvidius Priscus, Suet. Vesp. 15.—

Two Latin poets:

Priscus uterque,

Ov. P. 4, 16, 10 Burm. ad loc.

pristĭnus, a, um, adj. [cf. priscus], former, early, original, primitive, pristine (class.):

tua pristina dignitas et gloria,

Cic. Fam. 1, 5, b, 2:

labor meus pristinus,

id. Sull. 9, 26:

vestra pristina bonitas et misericordia,

id. Rosc. Am. 52, 156:

veterem consuetudinem fori et pristinum morem judiciorum requirere,

id. Mil. 1, 1:

odio pristino incensa mulier,

id. Clu. 7, 18:

pristinum animum erga populum Romanum conservare,

Liv. 31, 2:

pro pristina amicitiā,

Nep. Eum. 4, 4:

reminiscens pristini temporis,

id. Alc. 6, 3:

consuetudo,

Caes. B. C. 1, 32:

pristina omnium confirmatur opinio,

id. ib. 3, 82:

in pristinum statum redire,

id. B. G. 7, 54; so,

gloria,

Verg. A. 10, 143:

conjux,

id. ib. 6, 473:

mens,

Ov. M. 3, 203:

consulatus super pristinum quattuor gessit,

Suet. Claud. 14:

annotationes, Gell. praef.: pristina jura recipere,

Gai. Inst. 1, 129.— Subst.: pristĭ-num, i, n., a former condition:

in pristinum restituere,

Nep. Timol. 1, 1.—

In partic.

Just past, preceding, previous, of yesterday:

diei pristini perfidia,

Caes. B. G. 4, 14:

somnium pristinae noctis,

Suet. Aug. 94.—

= priscus, old-fashioned, old, former, early (ante-class. and postAug.):

in vobis resident mores pristini,

Plaut. Truc. prol. 6:

tribus pristinum nomen possident,

Col. 5, 1, 7:

aetas,

Claud. II. Cons. Stil. 124.

pristīnus or pistrīnus, a, um, adj. [pristis for pistrix], of or belonging to (the constellation of) the Whale (post-Aug.):

ex occasu pristini sideris,

Col. 11, 2, 5; id. 11, 2, 64.

pristĭnus, a, um, adj. [cf. priscus], former, early, original, primitive, pristine (class.):

tua pristina dignitas et gloria,

Cic. Fam. 1, 5, b, 2:

labor meus pristinus,

id. Sull. 9, 26:

vestra pristina bonitas et misericordia,

id. Rosc. Am. 52, 156:

veterem consuetudinem fori et pristinum morem judiciorum requirere,

id. Mil. 1, 1:

odio pristino incensa mulier,

id. Clu. 7, 18:

pristinum animum erga populum Romanum conservare,

Liv. 31, 2:

pro pristina amicitiā,

Nep. Eum. 4, 4:

reminiscens pristini temporis,

id. Alc. 6, 3:

consuetudo,

Caes. B. C. 1, 32:

pristina omnium confirmatur opinio,

id. ib. 3, 82:

in pristinum statum redire,

id. B. G. 7, 54; so,

gloria,

Verg. A. 10, 143:

conjux,

id. ib. 6, 473:

mens,

Ov. M. 3, 203:

consulatus super pristinum quattuor gessit,

Suet. Claud. 14:

annotationes, Gell. praef.: pristina jura recipere,

Gai. Inst. 1, 129.— Subst.: pristĭ-num, i, n., a former condition:

in pristinum restituere,

Nep. Timol. 1, 1.—

In partic.

Just past, preceding, previous, of yesterday:

diei pristini perfidia,

Caes. B. G. 4, 14:

somnium pristinae noctis,

Suet. Aug. 94.—

= priscus, old-fashioned, old, former, early (ante-class. and postAug.):

in vobis resident mores pristini,

Plaut. Truc. prol. 6:

tribus pristinum nomen possident,

Col. 5, 1, 7:

aetas,

Claud. II. Cons. Stil. 124.

pristīnus or pistrīnus, a, um, adj. [pristis for pistrix], of or belonging to (the constellation of) the Whale (post-Aug.):

ex occasu pristini sideris,

Col. 11, 2, 5; id. 11, 2, 64.

pristĭnus, a, um, adj. [cf. priscus], former, early, original, primitive, pristine (class.):

tua pristina dignitas et gloria,

Cic. Fam. 1, 5, b, 2:

labor meus pristinus,

id. Sull. 9, 26:

vestra pristina bonitas et misericordia,

id. Rosc. Am. 52, 156:

veterem consuetudinem fori et pristinum morem judiciorum requirere,

id. Mil. 1, 1:

odio pristino incensa mulier,

id. Clu. 7, 18:

pristinum animum erga populum Romanum conservare,

Liv. 31, 2:

pro pristina amicitiā,

Nep. Eum. 4, 4:

reminiscens pristini temporis,

id. Alc. 6, 3:

consuetudo,

Caes. B. C. 1, 32:

pristina omnium confirmatur opinio,

id. ib. 3, 82:

in pristinum statum redire,

id. B. G. 7, 54; so,

gloria,

Verg. A. 10, 143:

conjux,

id. ib. 6, 473:

mens,

Ov. M. 3, 203:

consulatus super pristinum quattuor gessit,

Suet. Claud. 14:

annotationes, Gell. praef.: pristina jura recipere,

Gai. Inst. 1, 129.— Subst.: pristĭ-num, i, n., a former condition:

in pristinum restituere,

Nep. Timol. 1, 1.—

In partic.

Just past, preceding, previous, of yesterday:

diei pristini perfidia,

Caes. B. G. 4, 14:

somnium pristinae noctis,

Suet. Aug. 94.—

= priscus, old-fashioned, old, former, early (ante-class. and postAug.):

in vobis resident mores pristini,

Plaut. Truc. prol. 6:

tribus pristinum nomen possident,

Col. 5, 1, 7:

aetas,

Claud. II. Cons. Stil. 124.

pristīnus or pistrīnus, a, um, adj. [pristis for pistrix], of or belonging to (the constellation of) the Whale (post-Aug.):

ex occasu pristini sideris,

Col. 11, 2, 5; id. 11, 2, 64.

* * *

(gömul, gamalt), a.

1) old;

á gamals aldri, in his old age;

opt er gott þat er gamlir kveða, old men’s sayings are often good;

2) old, aged, of a certain age;

hve gamall maðr ertu, how old art thou?

tólf vetra (gen.) gamall, twelve years old.

* * *

contr. forms, gamlan, gamla, gamlir, gamlar, gömlum, etc., fem. sing. and neut. pl. gömul; neut. sing. gamalt; the compar. and superl. from a different root, viz. compar. ellri, superl. ellztr, mod. eldri eldstr or elztr: [not recorded in Ulf., who renders αρχαιος by alþeis; but in A. S. gamol and gomel occur, although rarely even in Beowulf; in mod. Engl. and Germ. it is lost, but is in full use in all Scandin. dialects; Swed. gammal; Dan. gammel; Norse gamal, fem. gomol, Ivar Aasen]:

I. old, Lat. senex; in the sayings, þeygi á saman gamalt og ungt, Úlf. 3. 44; opt er gott þat er gamlir kveða, Hm. 134, Fb. i. 212; íllt að kenna gömlum hundi að sitja; gamlir eru elztir, old are the eldest, i. e. the most cunning, clever; tvisvar verðr gamall maðr barn; engi verðr eldri en gamall; en þótt konungr þessi sé góðr maðr … þá mun hann þó eigi verða ellri en gamall, Fms. iv. 282; faðir minn var gamall, Nj. 31; g. spámaðr, an old spae-man, 656 B. 12; hence gamals-aldr, m. old age, Ld. 4, Fms. ii. 71: compds, af-garnall, fjör-g., eld-g., q. v.; cp. also ör-gemlir = Germ. uralt, a giant in Edda.

2. grown up, old, of animals; arðr-uxi gamall, Grág. i. 502; gamlir sauðir, old rams; gjalda grís fyrir gamalt svín, Ó. H. 86; fyrr á gömlum uxanum at bæsa en kálfinum, a pun, Fms. vi. 28.

3. old, of things, freq. in mod. usage, but the ancients use gamall of persons or living things, and distinguish between gamall and forn (q. v.); a man is ‘gamall,’ but he wears ‘forn’ klæði ( old clothes), thus in the verse Fms. xi. 43 gamall prob. refers to Gorm and not to land; Merl. 1. 61 is corrupt; vide gjallr (below); gamall siðr, Anal. 187, does not appear in Fb. iii. 401 (the original of the mod. text in Anal.)

II. old, aged, of a certain age; nokkurra vetra gamall, some years old, Fms. xi. 78; fjögurra vetra gömul, Þiðr. 221; hve gamall maðr ertu, how old art thou? Ísl. ii. 220; tólf vetra gamall, 204; fimm, sex, vetra gamall, Grág. i. 502; vetr-gamall, a winter old; árs-gamall, a year old; misseris-gamall, half a year old; nætr-g., a night old, etc.

III. in pr. names, hinn Gamli is added as a soubriquet, like ‘major’ in Lat., to distinguish an older man from a younger man of the same name; hinn gamli and hinn ungi also often answer to the Engl. ‘father and son;’ thus, Hákon Gamli and Hákon Ungi, old and young H., Fms.; also, Jörundr Gamli, Ketilbjörn Gamli, Örlygr Gamli, Bragi Gamli, Ingimundr hinn Gamli, etc., vide Landn.; Ari hinn Gamli, Bs. i. 26, to distinguish him from his grandson Ari Sterki; cp. the Lat. Cato Major: in some of the instances above it only means the old = Lat. priscus.

B. The compar. is ellri and superl. ellztr; eigi ellra en einnar nætr, 1812. 57; fjórtan vetra gamall eðr ellri, K. Á. 190; enir ellri synir Brjáns, Nj. 269; inn ellzti, 38; ellztr bræðranna, Grág. i. 307; hann var ellztr, Eg. 27, Fms. i. 20, passim.

* * *