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21 Freund
m; -(e)s, -e1. friend; Freund und Feind friend and foe; ein Freund von mir a friend of mine; jemandem ein guter Freund sein be a good friend to s.o.; sich (Dat) jemanden zum Freund machen make a friend of s.o.; jemanden zum Freund haben have a friend in s.o.; einen guten Freund an jemandem haben have a good friend in s.o.; du bist ( mir) ein schöner Freund! iro. a fine friend you are!; dadurch hat sie sich viele Freunde gemacht it won ( oder made) her a lot of friends; gut Freund sein mit be good friends with; unter Freunden sein be among friends; was kostet das unter Freunden? how much do I get off (as a friend)?; der beste Freund des Menschen (Hund) man’s best friend; unsere gefiederten / vierbeinigen Freunde our feathered / four-legged friends; Freund Hein lit. euph. the Grim Reaper; ein Freund in der Not a friend in need; Freunde in der Not gehen tausend etc. auf ein Lot Sprichw. friends are scarce when you are up against it; dick3. fig. friend; ein Freund der Musik etc. a music lover etc.; in Vereinsnamen: Freunde der Universität etc. friends of the university etc.; ein Freund sein von be fond of; kein Freund sein von not be keen on, be no fan of; er ist kein Freund von vielen Worten he’s not a man of many words, he’s not one for talking much4. als Anrede: alter Freund old chap, old mate; guter oder mein Freund altm. oder leicht herablassend: my dear fellow; mein lieber Freund ( und Kupferstecher)! drohend: now look here!* * *der Freundboyfriend; friend* * *[frɔynt]m -(e)s, -e[-də]1) (= Kamerad) friendwir sind schon seit 1954 Fréúnde — we've been friends since 1954
mit jdm gut Fréúnd sein — to be good friends with sb
das habe ich ihm unter Fréúnden gesagt — that was just between ourselves
10 Euro unter Fréúnden — 10 euros to a friend
Fréúnd und Feind — friend and foe
dein/Ihr Fréúnd und Helfer — your friend and helper
ein schöner Fréúnd (iro inf) — a fine friend
jdn zum Fréúnd haben — to have sb for or as a friend
guter Fréúnd! (liter) — my dear man
See:→ altein Fréúnd der Kunst — an art lover
ich bin kein Fréúnd von Hunden — I'm no lover of dogs
er ist kein Fréúnd von vielen Worten — he's not one for talking much, he's a man of few words
ich bin kein Fréúnd von so etwas — I'm not keep on that sort of thing
ein Fréúnd des Alkohols sein — to like one's drink
* * *(a girl's favourite male friend.) boyfriend* * *Freund(in)<-[e]s, -e>[ˈfrɔynt, ˈfrɔyndɪn, pl ˈfrɔyndə]1. (Kamerad) friendist das ein \Freund von dir? is that a friend of yours?sie sind alte \Freunde they're old friends\Freund und Feind friend and foejdn zum \Freund gewinnen to gain sb's friendship [or sb as a friend]mit jdm gut \Freund sein to be good friends with sbunter \Freunden (fam) among friendsjdn zum \Freund haben to be [going out] with sbein \Freund der Natur a nature-lover, a lover of naturekein \Freund von vielen Worten sein to not be one for talking much, to be a man/woman of few words* * *der; Freundes, Freunde1) friendalter Freund! — (ugs. scherzh. drohend) mate!
3) (Anhänger, Liebhaber) loverich bin kein Freund von großen Worten — (fig.) I am not one for fine words
* * *1. friend;Freund und Feind friend and foe;ein Freund von mir a friend of mine;jemandem ein guter Freund sein be a good friend to sb;sich (dat)jemanden zum Freund machen make a friend of sb;jemanden zum Freund haben have a friend in sb;einen guten Freund an jemandem haben have a good friend in sb;du bist (mir) ein schöner Freund! iron a fine friend you are!;unter Freunden sein be among friends;was kostet das unter Freunden? how much do I get off (as a friend)?;unsere gefiederten/vierbeinigen Freunde our feathered/four-legged friends;Freund Hein liter euph the Grim Reaper;ein Freund in der Not a friend in need;fester Freund steady boyfriend3. fig friend;ein Freund sein von be fond of;kein Freund sein von not be keen on, be no fan of;er ist kein Freund von vielen Worten he’s not a man of many words, he’s not one for talking much4. als Anrede:alter Freund old chap, old mate;mein Freund obs oder leicht herablassend: my dear fellow;* * *der; Freundes, Freunde1) friendalter Freund! — (ugs. scherzh. drohend) mate!
2) (Geliebter) boyfriend; (älter) gentleman-friend3) (Anhänger, Liebhaber) loverich bin kein Freund von großen Worten — (fig.) I am not one for fine words
* * *-e m.boyfriend n.friend n. -
22 Reynolds, Osborne
SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering[br]b. 23 April 1842 Belfast, Irelandd. 1912 Watchet, Somerset, England[br]English engineer and educator.[br]Osborne Reynolds's father, a clergyman and schoolteacher, had been a Fellow of Queens' College, Cambridge; it was to Queens' that the young Reynolds went to study mathematics, graduating as 7th Wrangler in 1867, and going on in his turn to become a Fellow of the College. Reynolds had developed an interest in practical applications of physics and engineering, and for a short time he entered the office of the London civil engineers Lawson and Mansergh. In 1868 he was appointed to the new Chair of Engineering at Owens College, Manchester, and he remained in this post for thirty-seven years, until he retired in 1905. During this period he presided over a department that grew steadily in size and reputation, and undertook prolonged research projects into phenomena such as lubrication, the laws governing the flow of water in pipes, turbulence and other physical features with practical applications. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1877, being nominated Royal Medallist in 1888. In 1883 he became a Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers, and in 1885 he was awarded the Telford Premium of the Institution. He served as Secretary of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society from 1874 to 1883, and was appointed President in 1888–9 and Dalton Medallist in 1903. He was President of Section G of the British Association for the History of Science in 1887, and in 1884 he received the degree of LLD from Glasgow University. Among his many students at Owens College was J.J. (later Sir Joseph) Thomson (1856–1940), who entered the college in 1871. Reynolds's collected scientific papers were published in 1900–3.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1877. Institution of Civil Engineers Telford Premium 1885. President, Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society 1888–9. Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, Dalton Medal 1903.Further ReadingDictionary of National Biography Supplement.D.M.McDowell and J.D.Jackson (eds), 1970, Osborne Reynolds and Engineering Science Today, Manchester: Manchester University Press.AB -
23 Strachey, Christopher
SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology[br]b. 16 November 1916 Englandd. 18 May 1975 Oxford, England[br]English physicist and computer engineer who proposed time-sharing as a more efficient means of using a mainframe computer.[br]After education at Gresham's School, London, Strachey went to King's College, Cambridge, where he completed an MA. In 1937 he took up a post as a physicist at the Standard Telephone and Cable Company, then during the Second World War he was involved in radar research. In 1944 he became an assistant master at St Edmunds School, Canterbury, moving to Harrow School in 1948. Another change of career in 1951 saw him working as a Technical Officer with the National Research and Development Corporation, where he was involved in computer software and hardware design. From 1958 until 1962 he was an independent consultant in computer design, and during this time (1959) he realized that as mainframe computers were by then much faster than their human operators, their efficiency could be significantly increased by "time-sharing" the tasks of several operators in rapid succession. Strachey made many contributions to computer technology, being variously involved in the design of the Manchester University MkI, Elliot and Ferranti Pegasus computers. In 1962 he joined Cambridge University Mathematics Laboratory as a senior research fellow at Churchill College and helped to develop the programming language CPL. After a brief period as Visiting Lecturer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, he returned to the UK in 1966 as Reader in Computation and Fellow of Wolfeon College, Oxford, to establish a programming research group. He remained there until his death.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsDistinguished Fellow of the British Computer Society 1972.Bibliography1961, with M.R.Wilkes, "Some proposals for improving the efficiency of Algol 60", Communications of the ACM 4:488.1966, "Systems analysis and programming", Scientific American 25:112. 1976, with R.E.Milne, A Theory of Programming Language Semantics.Further ReadingJ.Alton, 1980, Catalogue of the Papers of C. Strachey 1916–1975.M.Campbell-Kelly, 1985, "Christopher Strachey 1916–1975. A biographical note", Annals of the History of Computing 7:19.M.R.Williams, 1985, A History of Computing Technology, London: Prentice-Hall.KF -
24 universidad
f.university.universidad a distancia = distance learning university, ? Open University (British)* * *1 university\universidad a distancia Open Universityuniversidad laboral technical college* * *noun f.* * *SF universityUniversidad a Distancia — ≈ Open University
universidad laboral — polytechnic, technical school o institute (EEUU)
Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia — ≈ Open University
universidad popular — extramural classes pl, extension courses pl
* * *femenino university* * *= university, college of arts and sciences, college, university college.Ex. Hugh C, Atkinson, Director of the university of Illinois Libraries, has consistently been in the forefront in applying automation to traditional library problems and services.Ex. All state-operated colleges of arts and science in New York state were given funds in fiscal year 1987-88 for collection preparation and barcoding.Ex. Peckham College is a moderately small (1,600 students) private co-educational college in the mid-Atlantic region of the country.Ex. A disaster management workshop was held at Ballarat University College on 11-12 Feb 93.----* biblioteca de universidad politécnica = polytechnic library.* bibliotecario de universidad = academic librarian, university librarian.* científico de la universidad = academic scientist.* Comité de las Universidades Británicas sobre Películas y Vídeos (BUFVC) = British Universities Film and Video Council (BUFVC).* curso que tiene lugar fuera de la universidad = extension course, off-campus course.* Departamento de Financiación de las Universidades (UGC) = University Grants Committee (UGC).* de toda la universidad = university-wide.* estudiante proveniente de otra universidad = transfer student.* fuera de la universidad = off-campus.* página web de universidad = academic site, university site.* para toda la universidad = university-wide.* profesor de universidad = university faculty, university lecturer.* sitio web de universidad = academic site, university site.* universidad a distancia = open university, open college.* Universidad de California = UC (University of California).* Universidad de California en Los Angeles (UCLA) = UCLA (University of California at Los Angeles).* universidad de verano = summer school.* universidad estatal = state university.* universidad laboral = vocational college.* universidad nacional de educación a distancia (UNED) = open university.* universidad politécnica = polytechnic.* universidad privada = private university.* * *femenino university* * *= university, college of arts and sciences, college, university college.Ex: Hugh C, Atkinson, Director of the university of Illinois Libraries, has consistently been in the forefront in applying automation to traditional library problems and services.
Ex: All state-operated colleges of arts and science in New York state were given funds in fiscal year 1987-88 for collection preparation and barcoding.Ex: Peckham College is a moderately small (1,600 students) private co-educational college in the mid-Atlantic region of the country.Ex: A disaster management workshop was held at Ballarat University College on 11-12 Feb 93.* biblioteca de universidad politécnica = polytechnic library.* bibliotecario de universidad = academic librarian, university librarian.* científico de la universidad = academic scientist.* Comité de las Universidades Británicas sobre Películas y Vídeos (BUFVC) = British Universities Film and Video Council (BUFVC).* curso que tiene lugar fuera de la universidad = extension course, off-campus course.* Departamento de Financiación de las Universidades (UGC) = University Grants Committee (UGC).* de toda la universidad = university-wide.* estudiante proveniente de otra universidad = transfer student.* fuera de la universidad = off-campus.* página web de universidad = academic site, university site.* para toda la universidad = university-wide.* profesor de universidad = university faculty, university lecturer.* sitio web de universidad = academic site, university site.* universidad a distancia = open university, open college.* Universidad de California = UC (University of California).* Universidad de California en Los Angeles (UCLA) = UCLA (University of California at Los Angeles).* universidad de verano = summer school.* universidad estatal = state university.* universidad laboral = vocational college.* universidad nacional de educación a distancia (UNED) = open university.* universidad politécnica = polytechnic.* universidad privada = private university.* * *universityCompuestos:( Méx) open universityopen universitystate university≈ technical college ( school with emphasis on vocational training)* * *
universidad sustantivo femenino
university;
universidad a distancia or (Méx) abierta open university;◊ universidad laboral ≈ technical college ( school with emphasis on vocational training)
universidad f (institución, edificio) university
' universidad' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
aula
- comedor
- comedora
- departamento
- disminuir
- hispanista
- ingresar
- manchar
- mira
- paso
- UNED
- Univ.
- alumnado
- alumno
- anfiteatro
- cantina
- cátedra
- catedrático
- clase
- claustro
- compañero
- egresado
- egresar
- egreso
- encerrado
- encerrar
- encierro
- entrada
- entrar
- estudiante
- estudiar
- exalumno
- ingreso
- jauja
- masificado
- monitor
- plaza
- politécnico
- porra
- profesor
- rector
- toma
- tomar
- trabajo
- tutor
English:
alumnus
- at
- bursar
- chancellor
- college
- decide on
- department
- do
- doctorate
- dormitory
- education
- fellow
- freshman
- homecoming
- horticulture
- institution
- prep school
- prestige
- process
- scholarship
- school
- send down
- university
- junior
- open
- set
- sophomore
* * *universidad nf1. [centro educativo] universityuniversidad a distancia = distance learning university, Br ≈ Open University;universidad de verano university summer school2. [enseñanza superior] university;la reforma de la universidad university reform* * *f university;universidad a distancia university correspondence school, Br Open University* * *universidad nf: university* * *universidad n university [pl. universities] -
25 Gilbert, Joseph Henry
SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology[br]b. 1 August 1817 Hull, Englandd. 23 December 1901 England[br]English chemist who co-established the reputation of Rothampsted Experimental Station as at the forefront of agricultural research.[br]Joseph Gilbert was the son of a congregational minister. His schooling was interrupted by the loss of an eye as the result of a shooting accident, but despite this setback he entered Glasgow University to study analytical chemistry, and then went to University College, London, where he was a fellow student of John Bennet Lawes. During his studies he visited Giessen, Germany, and worked in the laboratory of Justus von Liebig. In 1843, at the age of 26, he was hired as an assistant by Lawes, who was 29 at that time; an unbroken friendship and collaboration existed between the two until Lawes died in 1900. They began a series of experiments on grain production and grew plots under different applications of nitrogen, with control plots that received none at all. Much of the work at Rothampsted was on the nitrogen requirements of plants and how this element became available to them. The grain grown in these experiments was analyzed to determine whether nitrogen input affected grain quality. Gilbert was a methodical worker who by the time of his death had collected together some 50,000 carefully stored and recorded samples.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1893. FRS 1860. Fellow of the Chemistry Society 1841, President 1882–3. President, Chemical Section of the British Association 1880. Sibthorpian Professor of Rural Economy, Oxford University, 1884. Honorary Professor of the Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester. Honorary member of the Royal Agricultural Society of England 1883. Royal Society Royal Medal 1867 (jointly with Lawes). Society of Arts Albert Gold Medal 1894 (jointly with Lawes). Liebig Foundation of the Royal Bavarian Academy of Science Silver Medal 1893 (jointly with Lawes).AP -
26 Rankine, William John Macquorn
SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering[br]b. 5 July 1820 Edinburgh, Scotlandd. 1872[br][br]Rankine was educated at Ayr Academy and Glasgow High School, although he appears to have learned much of his basic mathematics and physics through private study. He attended Edinburgh University and then assisted his father, who was acting as Superintendent of the Edinburgh and Dalkeith Railway. This introduction to engineering practice was followed in 1838 by his appointment as a pupil to Sir John MacNeill, and for the next four years he served under MacNeill on his Irish railway projects. While still in his early twenties, Rankine presented pioneering papers on metal fatigue and other subjects to the Institution of Civil Engineers, for which he won a prize, but he appears to have resigned from the Civils in 1857 after an argument because the Institution would not transfer his Associate Membership into full Membership. From 1844 to 1848 Rankine worked on various projects for the Caledonian Railway Company, but his interests were becoming increasingly theoretical and a series of distinguished papers for learned societies established his reputation as a leading scholar in the new science of thermodynamics. He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1853. At the same time, he remained intimately involved with practical questions of applied science, in shipbuilding, marine engineering and electric telegraphy, becoming associated with the influential coterie of fellow Scots such as the Thomson brothers, Napier, Elder, and Lewis Gordon. Gordon was then the head of a large and successful engineering practice, but he was also Regius Professor of Engineering at the University of Glasgow, and when he retired from the Chair to pursue his business interests, Rankine, who had become his Assistant, was appointed in his place.From 1855 until his premature death in 1872, Rankine built up an impressive engineering department, providing a firm theoretical basis with a series of text books that he wrote himself and most of which remained in print for many decades. Despite his quarrel with the Institution of Civil Engineers, Rankine took a keen interest in the institutional development of the engineering profession, becoming the first President of the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland, which he helped to establish in 1857. Rankine campaigned vigorously for the recognition of engineering studies as a full university degree at Glasgow, and he achieved this in 1872, the year of his death. Rankine was one of the handful of mid-nineteenth century engineers who virtually created engineering as an academic discipline.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1853. First President, Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland, 1857.Bibliography1858, Manual of Applied Mechanics.1859, Manual of the Steam Engine and Other Prime Movers.1862, Manual of Civil Engineering.1869, Manual of Machinery and Millwork.Further ReadingJ.Small, 1957, "The institution's first president", Proceedings of the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland: 687–97.H.B.Sutherland, 1972, Rankine. His Life and Times.ABBiographical history of technology > Rankine, William John Macquorn
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27 About the Authors
Douglas L. Wheeler (A.B., Dartmouth College, M.A. and Ph.D., Boston University) is professor of history emeritus, University of New Hampshire, Durham. He taught history in that institution's Department of History from 1965 to 2002, and, from 1995 to 2002, he held a chair, the Prince Henry the Navigator Professorship. He has been a research associate, African Studies Center, Boston University and an affiliate, Center for International Affairs, Harvard University. He has also been a visiting professor at Boston University; University College, Rhodesia (Zimbabwe); and Morgan State College. He was also Richard Welch Fellow in Advanced Research on the History of Intelligence at the Center for International Affairs, Harvard University (1984-85). In the 1980s, he served as general secretary of the Society for Spanish and Portuguese Historical Studies (SSPHS) and was one of the founders of the International Conference Group on Portugal (1972-2002). He was founding editor of the Portuguese Studies Review, a semiannual academic journal. He is the author, coauthor, or coeditor of six other books on Portugal, Angola, and espionage history, including Republican Portugal: A Political History ( 1910-1926), A Ditadura Militar Portuguesa, 1926-1933, and (with Lawrence S. Graham), In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences. Among the periodicals in which he has published articles are Foreign Affairs, USA Today Magazine, International Herald Tribune, and The Christian Science Monitor. In 1993, he was decorated by the Government of Portugal with the Order of Prince Henry the Navigator medal and in 2004, with the Order of Merit.Walter C. Opello Jr. (B.A., M.A., and Ph.D., University of Colorado, Boulder) is professor of political science, State University of New York, Oswego. Before joining the faculty at that institution, he was professor of political science, University of Mississippi, Oxford, from 1976 to 1987. Since the 1970s, he has carried out research in Portugal as a Fulbright Scholar (1981 and 1984) and as a Gulbenkian Foundation Scholar (1978 and 1980). In 1989, he was the director for research on Portugal's regions, carried out by the European Integrations and Regions Project under the auspices of the European Universities Institute, Florence, Italy. Professor Opello has published more than 50 journal articles, book chapters, books, and book reviews pertaining to Portugal's politics and government. His Portugal-related books are Portugal's Political Development: A Comparative Political Approach and Portugal: From Monarchy to Pluralist Democracy. -
28 fellowship
1) (an association (of people with common interests): a youth fellowship (= a club for young people).) asociación2) (friendliness.) compañerismo3) (a scholarship given to a graduate student for advanced studies or for research.) becatr['feləʊʃɪp]2 (companionship) compañerismo, camaradería3 SMALLEDUCATION/SMALL (scholarship) becafellowship ['fɛlo.ʃɪp] n1) companionship: camaradería f, compañerismo m2) association: fraternidad f3) grant: beca f (de investigación)n.• beca s.f.• compañerismo s.m.• compañía s.f.• consorcio s.m.• coparticipación s.f.• hermandad s.f.'feləʊʃɪp1) c ( Educ)a) ( at university) título m de fellow I 2)b) ( endowment) beca f de investigación2) ua) ( companionship) (liter) hermandad f (liter), compañerismo mb) ( Relig) comunión fc) (fraternity, association) fraternidad f['felǝʊʃɪp]N1) (=companionship) compañerismo m2) (=club, society) asociación f3) (Brit) (Univ) (=paid research post) puesto m de becario (de investigación); (US) (Univ) (=grant) beca f de investigación* * *['feləʊʃɪp]1) c ( Educ)a) ( at university) título m de fellow I 2)b) ( endowment) beca f de investigación2) ua) ( companionship) (liter) hermandad f (liter), compañerismo mb) ( Relig) comunión fc) (fraternity, association) fraternidad f -
29 casi
adv.1 almost.casi me muero I almost o nearly diedno comió casi nada she ate almost o practically nothingcasi no dormí I hardly slept at allcasi, casi almost, just aboutcasi nunca hardly ever¿qué te pasa? — ¡casi nada! que me ha dejado mi mujer what's up? — my wife only went and left melo venden por tres millones -- ¡casi nada! they're selling it for three million - what a snip!casi siempre almost o nearly always2 approximately, well-nigh, roughly.* * *► adverbio1 almost, nearly\casi, casi familiar just about¡casi nada! familiar peanuts!■ le tocaron 5 millones, ¡casi nada! he won 5 million, peanuts!casi no hardlycasi nunca hardly ever* * *adv.1) almost, nearly* * *ADV1) (=indicando aproximación) almost, nearlyestá casi terminado — it's almost o nearly finished
son ya casi las tres — it's almost o nearly three o'clock
¡huy!, casi me caigo — oops! I almost o nearly fell over
nada ha cambiado en los casi dos años transcurridos — nothing has changed in what is almost two years
despidieron a la casi totalidad de la plantilla — they sacked virtually o practically the entire staff
estaba congelado, o casi — it was frozen, or very near it
ocurre lo mismo en casi todos los países — the same thing happens in virtually o practically all countries
-¿habéis terminado? -casi, casi — "have you finished?" - "just about o very nearly"
no sabemos casi nada de lo que está ocurriendo — we know almost o virtually nothing about what's going on, we know hardly anything about what's going on
100 dólares..., ¡casi nada! — iró 100 dollars, a mere trifle!
•
casi nunca — hardly ever, almost never2) [indicando indecisión] almostCASI Las dos traducciones principales de casi en inglés son almost y nearly: Estoy casi lista I'm almost o nearly ready Eran casi las cuatro cuando sonó el teléfono It was almost o nearly four o'clock when the telephone rang Nos vemos casi todos los días We meet almost o nearly every day ► Cuando almost y nearly acompañan a un verbo, se colocan detrás de este si se trata de un verbo auxiliar o modal y delante en el caso de los demás verbos: Casi me rompo la muñeca I almost o nearly broke my wrist Mi hijo ya casi habla My son can almost o nearly talk Sin embargo, hay algunos casos en los que no podemos utilizar nearly: ► delante de adverbios que terminan en -ly "¿Qué estáis haciendo aquí?" nos preguntó casi con enfado "What are you doing here?" he asked almost angrily ► delante de like: Se comporta casi como un niño He behaves almost like a child ► acompañando a adjetivos o sustantivos que, normalmente, no pueden ser modificados: El mono tenía una expresión casi humana The monkey had an almost human expression Me pareció casi un alivio I found it almost a relief ► delante de palabras de sentido negativo, como never, no, none, no-one, nothing y nowhere; en estos casos, muchas veces se traduce también por practically: No dijo casi nada She said almost o practically nothing No había casi nadie en la fiesta There was almost o practically no-one at the party En estos casos también se puede usar la construcción hardly + ever/ any/ anything {etc}: No dijo casi nada She said hardly anything No había casi nadie en la fiesta There was hardly anyone at the party Para otros usos y ejemplos ver la entradano sé, casi prefiero no ir — I don't know, I think I'd rather not go
* * *1)a) ( cerca de) almost, nearlyes casi imposible — it's virtually o almost impossible
b) (delante del n) (frml)2) ( en frases negativas)¿pudiste dormir? - casi nada — did you manage to sleep? - hardly at all
¿200? casi nada! — (iró) $200? is that all? (iro)
yo casi te diría que lo vendas — I'd be inclined to say, sell it
* * *= almost, nearly, virtually, something of, barely, well-nigh, pretty well, by the skin of + Posesivo + teeth, just about.Ex. Documents rarely exactly match a user's requirements because information can be packaged in almost as many different ways as there are participants in a subject area.Ex. Today, BLCMP offers services to nearly fifty member libraries including public libraries, university libraries polytechnic libraries and others.Ex. Virtually all software packages offer the purchaser the opportunity to evolve a record format which suits a specific application.Ex. Shannon's approach proved something of a dead end.Ex. There are fewer women library directors now than in 1964, and in all types of employment women earn barely more than half the earnings of men.Ex. This report seems to have raised more questions than it has answered, particularly in the area of ILL costs and charges, where controversy rages and agreement between the various types of library appears well-nigh impossible to reach.Ex. Ozon's novel falls flat because the plot is not only foreseeable pretty well every step of the way but, at its weakest, slumps into novelettish cliche.Ex. The middle class holds on by the skin of its teeth, saved from a real downward slide only by record increases in the number of dual-income families.Ex. Immorality and general disrespect for our fellow beings is just about the norm in this day and age.----* algo casi seguro = a sure bet, safe bet.* casi analfabeto = near-illiterate.* casi aritmético = quasi-arithmetical.* casi ausencia = quasi-absence.* casi conseguir = come close to + Gerundio.* casi contemporáneo = near-contemporary.* casi cualquier = almost any.* casi cualquier cosa = just about anything.* casi de auxiliar administrativo = quasi-clerical.* casi + desmayarse = nearly + faint.* casi de todo = just about everything.* casi fanático = near-frantic.* casi fatal = near-fatal.* casi + Fecha = for the best part of + Fecha, for the better part of + Fecha.* casi histérico = highly-strung, high-strung.* casi inaceptable = borderline.* casi indiscutiblemente = arguably.* casi la perfección = near-perfection.* casi + morir = nearly + die.* casi mortal = near-fatal.* casi nada = next to nothing.* casi neutro = near-neutral.* casi siempre = almost invariably.* casi sinónimo = near synonym.* casi sin previo aviso = without much notice.* casi todo = everything but the kitchen sink, just about everything.* casi todos = almost any.* casi universal = quasi-universal.* casi + Verbo = all but + Verbo.* durante casi + Fecha = for the best part of + Fecha, for the better part of + Fecha.* durante casi todo el año = for the best part of the year.* en casi nada = in no time at all, in next to no time, in no time.* en casi todos los + Nombre = in just about every + Nombre.* eso es casi todo = that's about it.* estar casi finalizado = near + completion.* estar casi terminado = be nearing completion, reach + near completion.* pasar casi rozando = skim.* por nada or casi nada = at little or no extra cost.* reproducción casi facsímil = quasi-facsimile.* ser casi seguro = be a good bet.* una oportunidad casi segura = a sporting chance.* * *1)a) ( cerca de) almost, nearlyes casi imposible — it's virtually o almost impossible
b) (delante del n) (frml)2) ( en frases negativas)¿pudiste dormir? - casi nada — did you manage to sleep? - hardly at all
¿200? casi nada! — (iró) $200? is that all? (iro)
yo casi te diría que lo vendas — I'd be inclined to say, sell it
* * *= almost, nearly, virtually, something of, barely, well-nigh, pretty well, by the skin of + Posesivo + teeth, just about.Ex: Documents rarely exactly match a user's requirements because information can be packaged in almost as many different ways as there are participants in a subject area.
Ex: Today, BLCMP offers services to nearly fifty member libraries including public libraries, university libraries polytechnic libraries and others.Ex: Virtually all software packages offer the purchaser the opportunity to evolve a record format which suits a specific application.Ex: Shannon's approach proved something of a dead end.Ex: There are fewer women library directors now than in 1964, and in all types of employment women earn barely more than half the earnings of men.Ex: This report seems to have raised more questions than it has answered, particularly in the area of ILL costs and charges, where controversy rages and agreement between the various types of library appears well-nigh impossible to reach.Ex: Ozon's novel falls flat because the plot is not only foreseeable pretty well every step of the way but, at its weakest, slumps into novelettish cliche.Ex: The middle class holds on by the skin of its teeth, saved from a real downward slide only by record increases in the number of dual-income families.Ex: Immorality and general disrespect for our fellow beings is just about the norm in this day and age.* algo casi seguro = a sure bet, safe bet.* casi analfabeto = near-illiterate.* casi aritmético = quasi-arithmetical.* casi ausencia = quasi-absence.* casi conseguir = come close to + Gerundio.* casi contemporáneo = near-contemporary.* casi cualquier = almost any.* casi cualquier cosa = just about anything.* casi de auxiliar administrativo = quasi-clerical.* casi + desmayarse = nearly + faint.* casi de todo = just about everything.* casi fanático = near-frantic.* casi fatal = near-fatal.* casi + Fecha = for the best part of + Fecha, for the better part of + Fecha.* casi histérico = highly-strung, high-strung.* casi inaceptable = borderline.* casi indiscutiblemente = arguably.* casi la perfección = near-perfection.* casi + morir = nearly + die.* casi mortal = near-fatal.* casi nada = next to nothing.* casi neutro = near-neutral.* casi siempre = almost invariably.* casi sinónimo = near synonym.* casi sin previo aviso = without much notice.* casi todo = everything but the kitchen sink, just about everything.* casi todos = almost any.* casi universal = quasi-universal.* casi + Verbo = all but + Verbo.* durante casi + Fecha = for the best part of + Fecha, for the better part of + Fecha.* durante casi todo el año = for the best part of the year.* en casi nada = in no time at all, in next to no time, in no time.* en casi todos los + Nombre = in just about every + Nombre.* eso es casi todo = that's about it.* estar casi finalizado = near + completion.* estar casi terminado = be nearing completion, reach + near completion.* pasar casi rozando = skim.* por nada or casi nada = at little or no extra cost.* reproducción casi facsímil = quasi-facsimile.* ser casi seguro = be a good bet.* una oportunidad casi segura = a sporting chance.* * *A1 (cerca de) almost, nearlycuesta casi el doble it costs almost o nearly twice as muchya eran casi las tres it was almost o nearly three o'clockes casi imposible it's virtually o practically o almost impossiblecasi todos son latinoamericanos nearly o almost all of them are Latin American¡uy! casi me caigo whoops! I nearly fell overde casi no se muere nadie a miss is as good as a mile2 ( delante del n) ( frml):la casi totalidad de la población almost the entire populationlos casi tres millones de habitantes del país the country's almost three million inhabitantsB(en frases negativas): ya casi no tiene fiebre she hardly has a temperature nowcasi no se le oía you could hardly hear himeso no sucede casi nunca that hardly ever happensno nos queda casi nada de pan there's hardly any bread left, there's almost no bread left¿pudiste dormir? — casi nada did you manage to sleep? — hardly at allno había casi nadie there was hardly anyone there, there was almost nobody thereme sentía tan mal que casi no vengo I felt so bad I almost didn't comesin (el) casi: es casi indecente — sin casi it's almost indecent — almost, no, it is indecentC(expresando una opinión tentativa): yo casi te diría que lo vendas I'd be inclined to say, sell it o I think I'd advise you to sell itcasi sería mejor hablar con él antes maybe it would be better to speak to him first* * *
casi adverbio
1 ( cerca de) almost, nearly;
2 ( en frases negativas):
casi nunca hardly ever;
no nos queda casi nada de pan there's hardly any bread left;
¿pudiste dormir? — casi nada did you manage to sleep? — hardly at all;
casi no vengo I almost didn't come
3 ( expresando una opinión tentativa):
casi adverbio almost, nearly: casi me lo compro, I nearly bought it
casi no se oye, it can hardly be heard
familiar casi, casi, just about
casi cien personas, almost a hundred people
casi nadie, hardly anyone
casi nunca, hardly ever
casi siempre, almost always
casi todos, almost all
' casi' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
alquilar
- apenas
- caerse
- cerca
- ir
- gasto
- gay
- inapreciable
- nada
- nadie
- normalmente
- nunca
- respiración
- tener
- acabar
- alcanzar
- calentar
- dormir
- durante
- golpe
- matar
- medir
- mero
- palmo
- sombra
English:
about
- absent
- absorb
- all
- almost
- anything
- barely
- best
- clear
- close
- die
- esquire
- ever
- excel
- fray
- frizzy
- good
- hardly
- narrowly
- nearly
- next
- o'clock
- obtain
- perfect
- practically
- queer
- sloppy
- tall
- tantamount
- by
- certainly
- cripple
- face
- fairly
- fit
- most
- muffle
- near
- near-
- nil
- nine
- one
- out
- reasonably
- skim
- time
- virtually
* * *casi adv1. [faltando poco] almost;casi me muero I almost o nearly died;casi me caigo I almost o nearly fell;casi no dormí I hardly slept at all;el casi millón de refugiados the refugees, who number almost a million;no llegamos hasta la cumbre pero casi, casi we didn't quite get to the top, but almost;no comió casi nada she hardly ate anything;casi nunca hardly ever;casi siempre almost o nearly always;está casi olvidado – sin el casi it's all but forgotten – leave out the “all but”2. [expresando indecisión]casi me voy a quedar con el rojo I think I'll probably go for the red one;casi casi preferiría dormir en un albergue que en una pensión I'd almost prefer to sleep in a youth hostel rather than a guesthouse3. CompIrónicocasi nada: ¿qué te pasa? – ¡casi nada! que me ha dejado mi mujer what's up? – my wife's only gone and left me, that's all!;lo venden por 3 millones – ¡casi nada! they're selling it for 3 million – what a bargain o Br snip!* * *adv almost, nearly; en frases negativas hardly* * *casi adv1) : almost, nearly, virtuallycasi nunca: hardly ever* * *casi adv1. (en general) nearly / almost2. (apenas) hardly -
30 Lister, Joseph, Baron Lister
SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology[br]b. 5 April 1827 Upton, Essex, Englandd. 10 February 1912 Walmer, Kent, England[br]English surgeon, founder of the antiseptic and aseptic principles of surgical practice.[br]Of Quaker stock, his father also being a Fellow of the Royal Society, he studied medicine at University College, London. He qualified, and became a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, in 1852. Wishing to pursue a surgical career, he moved to Edinburgh to study surgery under William Syme, whose daughter he married in 1852, the same year he was appointed Assistant Surgeon to the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary.Until his appointment as Regius Professor of Surgery at Glasgow University and Glasgow Royal Infirmary in 1861, he was engaged in a wide variety of investigations into the nature of inflammation and the effects of irritants on wounds. Following his move to Glasgow, he became particularly involved in the major problems arising out of the vast increase in the number of surgical procedures brought about by the recent introduction of general anaesthesia. By 1865 his continuing study of wound inflammation and the microbial studies of Pasteur had led him to institute in the operating theatre a regime of surgical antisepsis involving the use of a carbolic acid spray coupled with the sterilization of instruments, the site of operation and the hands of the operator. Increasingly it was appreciated that the air was the least important origin of infection, and by 1887 the antiseptic approach had been superseded by the aseptic.In 1869 he succeeded Syme in the Chair at Edinburgh and his methods were widely accepted abroad. In 1877 he moved to the Chair of Surgery at King's College Hospital, London, in the hope of encouraging acceptance of his work in the metropolis. As well as developing a variety of new surgical procedures, he was engaged for many years in the development of surgical ligatures, which had always been a potent stimulant of infection. His choice of catgut as a sterilizable, absorbable material paved the way for major developments in this field. The Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine was named in his honour in 1903.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsCreated Baronet 1883. Baron 1897. Order of Merit 1902. President, Royal Society 1895– 1900.Bibliography1870, "On the effects of the antiseptic system of treatment upon the salubrity of a surgical hospital", Lancet.1859, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society.1863, Croonian Lecture.1881, 1900, Transactions of the International Medical Congress.Further ReadingR.J.Godlee, 1924, Lord Lister.1927, Lister Centenary Handbook, London: Wellcome Historical Medical Museum. H.C.Cameron, 1948, Joseph Lister, the Friend of Man.MGBiographical history of technology > Lister, Joseph, Baron Lister
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31 Sowell, Thomas
(р. 1930) Сауэлл, ТомасКонсервативный экономист, педагог. Выпускник Гарвардского и Чикагского университетов [ Harvard University; Chicago, University of]. Преподавал в университетах Ратджерса, Хауарда, Брандейса и Корнеллском университете [ Rutgers University; Howard University; Brandeis University; Cornell University]. С 1974 профессор Калифорнийского университета в Лос-Анджелесе [ California, University of; UCLA], с 1980 старший научный сотрудник [senior fellow] Гуверовского института [ Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace]. Был экономическим советником в администрации Р. Рейгана [ Reagan, Ronald Wilson]. Несмотря на то, что он сам чернокожий, активно выступает против программ позитивных мер [ affirmative action], систем квот для этнических меньшинств при приеме на учебу в колледжи и на работу. Автор нескольких книг, в том числе "Образование чернокожих американцев: мифы и трагедии" ["Black Education: Myths and Tragedies"] (1972), "Пересмотр классической экономики" ["Classical Economics Reconsidered"] (1974), "Этническая история Америки" ["Ethnic America: A History"] (1981), "Гражданские права: риторика или реальность?" ["Civil Rights: Rhetoric or Reality?"] (1985), "Американское образование изнутри: упадок, ложь и догмы" ["Inside American Education: The Decline, the Deception, the Dogmas"] (1992)English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Sowell, Thomas
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32 ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ
@всеобуч compulsory secondary education @обязательное обучение compulsory education @дошкольные учреждения preschool facilities @ясли nursery, creche @детский сад kindergarten, day-care center @ученик pupil, high-school student @студент college student @аспирант graduate student @выпускник graduate @учитель high-school teacher @преподаватель teacher, instructor @ассистент instructor, teaching fellow @лаборант departmental/laboratory assistant @ректор university chancellor/provost @декан dean @профессор professor @доцент assistant professor (approximate equivalent) @научный сотрудник research associate/researcher @средняя школа high school @школа с продленным днем school with after-school activities program @интернат boarding school @техникум technical school, community college @ПТУ @профессионально-техническое училище vocational school @ВУЗ @высшее учебное заведение institute of higher learning/college/ university @институт institute @НИИ @научно-исследовательский институт scientific research instititute (research institute) @НИОКР научно-исследовательские и опытно-конструкторские работы R and D (research and development) @юридический институт law school @медицинский институт medical school @педагогический институт teacher's college @дневник record of marks @отличник A student @пятерка A @двойка D @балл point (on an exam) @зачет credit, pass for a course @сдавать экзамен to take an exam @сдать экзамен to pass an exam @сессия exam period @шпаргалка pony, trot @поступать в университет to apply to a university @поступить в университет to be admitted to a university @окончить университет to be graduated from a university @плата за обучение tuition @стипендия scholarship @аудитория classroom @посещать занятия to go to class, attend class @заочные курсы non-matriculated/correspondence courses @курсы повышения квалификации advanced course, refresher course @записаться на семинар take/enroll in/register for a seminar @обязательный предмет required course @факультативный предмет elective course @специальность major @кафедра department @завкафедрой department chairman @факультетфилологический, философскийdivision @дипломная работа senior thesis @курсовая работа term paper @аттестат зрелости high school diploma @диплом j. i diploma @научная степень academic degree @степень бакалавра B.A. @степень магистра M.A. @кандидатская степень Candidate; equivalent of American Ph.D. @докторская степень Doctorate; Russian highest graduate degree, higher than American Ph.D. @кандидатский минимум Ph.D. exams, comprehensives @диссертация dissertation, thesisNote: тезис does not mean dissertation. Тезисы доклада is the summary of a report, the main ideas. Тезис means a basic assumption, idea.@научный руководитель thesis adviser @оппонент discussant at dissertation summary @автореферат published dissertation summary @учеба без отрыва от производства part-time study @прогуливать to play hookey @записаться в библиотеку to get a library card @читательский билет library card @открытый доступ open stacks @Словарь переводчика-синхрониста (русско-английский) > ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ
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33 Arup, Sir Ove
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building[br]b. 16 April 1895 Newcastle upon Tyne, Englandd. 5 February 1988 Highgate, London, England[br]English consultant engineer.[br]Of Scandinavian parentage, Arup attended school in Germany and Denmark before taking his degree in mathematics and philosophy at Copenhagen University in 1914. He then graduated as a civil engineer from the Royal Technical College in the same city, specializing in the theory of structures.Arup retained close ties with Europe for some time, working in Hamburg as a designer for the Danish civil engineering firm of Christiani \& Nielsen. Then, in the 1930s, he began what was to be a long career in England as an engineering consultant to a number of architects who were beginning to build with modern materials (par-ticularly concrete) and methods of construction. He became consultant to the famous firm of Tecton (under the direction of Berthold Lubetkin) and was closely associated with the leading projects of that firm at the time, notably the High-point flats at Highgate, the Finsbury Health Centre and the award-winning Penguin Pool at the Regent's Park Zoological Gardens, all in London.In 1945 Arup founded his own firm, Ove Arup \& Partners, working entirely as a consultant to architects, particularly on structural schemes, and in 1963 he set up a partnership of architects and engineers, Arup Associates. The many and varied projects with which he was concerned included Coventry Cathedral and the University of Sussex with Sir Basil Spence, the Sydney Opera House with Joern Utzon and St Catherine's College, Oxford, with Arne Jacobsen.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsCBE 1953. Commander of the Order of Danneborg, awarded by King Frederik of Denmark, 1975. Honorary Doctorate Tekniske Hojskole, Lyngby, Denmark 1954. Honorary DSc Durham University 1967, University of East Anglia 1968, Heriot-Watt University 1976. RIBA Gold Medal 1966. Institution of Structural Engineers Gold Medal 1973. Fellow of the American Concrete Institution 1975.Further ReadingJ.M.Richards, 1953, An Introduction to Modern Architecture, London: Penguin. H.Russell-Hitchcock, 1982, Architecture, Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, London: Pelican.C.Jencks, 1980, Late-Modern Architecture, London: Academy Editions.DY -
34 Randall, Sir John Turton
SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology[br]b. 23 March 1905 Newton-le-Willows, Lancashire, Englandd. 16 June 1984 Edinburgh, Scotland[br]English physicist and biophysicist, primarily known for the development, with Boot of the cavity magnetron.[br]Following secondary education at Ashton-inMakerfield Grammar School, Randall entered Manchester University to read physics, gaining a first class BSc in 1925 and his MSc in 1926. From 1926 to 1937 he was a research physicist at the General Electric Company (GEC) laboratories, where he worked on luminescent powders, following which he became Warren Research Fellow of the Royal Society at Birmingham University, studying electronic processes in luminescent solids. With the outbreak of the Second World War he became an honorary member of the university staff and transferred to a group working on the development of centrimetric radar. With Boot he was responsible for the development of the cavity magnetron, which had a major impact on the development of radar.When Birmingham resumed its atomic research programme in 1943, Randall became a temporary lecturer at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge. The following year he was appointed Professor of Natural Philosophy at the University of St Andrews, but in 1946 he moved again to the Wheatstone Chair of Physics at King's College, London. There his developing interest in biophysical research led to the setting up of a multi-disciplinary group in 1951 to study connective tissues and other biological components, and in 1950– 5 he was joint Editor of Progress in Biophysics. From 1961 until his retirement in 1970 he was Professor of Biophysics at King's College and for most of that time he was also Chairman of the School of Biological Sciences. In addition, for many years he was honorary Director of the Medical Research Council Biophysics Research Unit.After he retired he returned to Edinburgh and continued to study biological problems in the university zoology laboratory.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1962. FRS 1946. FRS Edinburgh 1972. DSc Manchester 1938. Royal Society of Arts Thomas Gray Memorial Prize 1943. Royal Society Hughes Medal 1946. Franklin Institute John Price Wetherill Medal 1958. City of Pennsylvania John Scott Award 1959. (All jointly with Boot for the cavity magnetron.)Bibliography1934, Diffraction of X-Rays by Amorphous Solids, Liquids \& Gases (describes his early work).1953, editor, Nature \& Structure of Collagen.1976, with H.Boot, "Historical notes on the cavity magnetron", Transactions of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ED-23: 724 (gives an account of the cavity-magnetron development at Birmingham).Further ReadingM.H.F.Wilkins, "John Turton Randall"—Bio-graphical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, London: Royal Society.KFBiographical history of technology > Randall, Sir John Turton
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35 universidad
universidad sustantivo femenino university; universidad a distancia or (Méx) abierta open university;◊ universidad laboral ≈ technical college ( school with emphasis on vocational training)
universidad f (institución, edificio) university ' universidad' also found in these entries: Spanish: aula - comedor - comedora - departamento - disminuir - hispanista - ingresar - manchar - mira - paso - UNED - Univ. - alumnado - alumno - anfiteatro - cantina - cátedra - catedrático - clase - claustro - compañero - egresado - egresar - egreso - encerrado - encerrar - encierro - entrada - entrar - estudiante - estudiar - exalumno - ingreso - jauja - masificado - monitor - plaza - politécnico - porra - profesor - rector - toma - tomar - trabajo - tutor English: alumnus - at - bursar - chancellor - college - decide on - department - do - doctorate - dormitory - education - fellow - freshman - homecoming - horticulture - institution - prep school - prestige - process - scholarship - school - send down - university - junior - open - set - sophomore -
36 Goldstine, Herman H.
SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology[br]b. 13 September 1913 USA[br]American mathematician largely responsible for the development of ENIAC, an early electronic computer.[br]Goldstine studied mathematics at the University of Chicago, Illinois, gaining his PhD in 1936. After teaching mathematics there, he moved to a similar position at the University of Michigan in 1939, becoming an assistant professor. After the USA entered the Second World War, in 1942 he joined the army as a lieutenant in the Ballistic Missile Research Laboratory at the Aberdeen Proving Ground in Maryland. He was then assigned to the Moore School of Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania, where he was involved with Arthur Burks in building the valve-based Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) to compute ballistic tables. The machine was completed in 1946, but prior to this Goldstine had met John von Neumann of the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) at Princeton, New Jersey, and active collaboration between them had already begun. After the war he joined von Neumann as Assistant Director of the Computer Project at the Institute of Advanced Studies, Princeton, becoming its Director in 1954. There he developed the idea of computer-flow diagrams and, with von Neumann, built the first computer to use a magnetic drum for data storage. In 1958 he joined IBM as Director of the Mathematical Sciences Department, becoming Director of Development at the IBM Data Processing Headquarters in 1965. Two years later he became a Research Consultant, and in 1969 he became an IBM Research Fellow.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsGoldstine's many awards include three honorary degrees for his contributions to the development of computers.Bibliography1946, with A.Goldstine, "The Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC)", Mathematical Tables and Other Aids to Computation 2:97 (describes the work on ENIAC).1946, with A.W.Burks and J.von Neumann, "Preliminary discussions of the logical design of an electronic computing instrument", Princeton Institute for Advanced Studies.1972, The Computer from Pascal to von Neumann, Princeton University Press.1977, "A brief history of the computer", Proceedings of the American Physical Society 121:339.Further ReadingM.Campbell-Kelly \& M.R.Williams (eds), 1985, The Moore School Lectures (1946), Charles Babbage Institute Report Series for the History of Computing, Vol 9. M.R.Williams, 1985, History of Computing Technology, London: Prentice-Hall.KF -
37 Szilard, Leo
SUBJECT AREA: Weapons and armour[br]b. 11 February 1898 Budapest, Hungaryd. 30 May 1964 La Jolla, California, USA[br]Hungarian (naturalized American in 1943) nuclear-and biophysicist.[br]The son of an engineer, Szilard, after service in the Austro-Hungarian army during the First World War, studied electrical engineering at the University of Berlin. Obtaining his doctorate there in 1922, he joined the faculty and concentrated his studies on thermodynamics. He later began to develop an interest in nuclear physics, and in 1933, shortly after Hitler came to power, Szilard emigrated to Britain because of his Jewish heritage.In 1934 he conceived the idea of a nuclear chain reaction through the breakdown of beryllium into helium and took out a British patent on it, but later realized that this process would not work. In 1937 he moved to the USA and continued his research at the University of Columbia, and the following year Hahn and Meitner discovered nuclear fission with uranium; this gave Szilard the breakthrough he needed. In 1939 he realized that a nuclear chain reaction could be produced through nuclear fission and that a weapon with many times the destructive power of the conventional high-explosive bomb could be produced. Only too aware of the progress being made by German nuclear scientists, he believed that it was essential that the USA should create an atomic bomb before Hitler. Consequently he drafted a letter to President Roosevelt that summer and, with two fellow Hungarian émigrés, persuaded Albert Einstein to sign it. The result was the setting up of the Uranium Committee.It was not, however, until December 1941 that active steps began to be taken to produce such a weapon and it was a further nine months before the project was properly co-ordinated under the umbrella of the Manhattan Project. In the meantime, Szilard moved to join Enrico Fermi at the University of Chicago and it was here, at the end of 1942, in a squash court under the football stadium, that they successfully developed the world's first self-sustaining nuclear reactor. Szilard, who became an American citizen in 1943, continued to work on the Manhattan Project. In 1945, however, when the Western Allies began to believe that only the atomic bomb could bring the war against Japan to an end, Szilard and a number of other Manhattan Project scientists objected that it would be immoral to use it against populated targets.Although he would continue to campaign against nuclear warfare for the rest of his life, Szilard now abandoned nuclear research. In 1946 he became Professor of Biophysics at the University of Chicago and devoted himself to experimental work on bacterial mutations and biochemical mechanisms, as well as theoretical research on ageing and memory.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsAtoms for Peace award 1959.Further ReadingKosta Tsipis, 1985, Understanding Nuclear Weapons, London: Wildwood House, pp. 16–19, 26, 28, 32 (a brief account of his work on the atomic bomb).A collection of his correspondence and memories was brought out by Spencer Weart and Gertrud W.Szilard in 1978.CM -
38 dean
noun1) (Eccl.) Dechant, der; Dekan, der2) (in college, university, etc.) Dekan, der* * *[di:n]1) (the chief clergyman in a cathedral church.) der Dekan2) (an important official in a university.) der Vorstand* * *[di:n]n* * *[diːn]n (ECCL, UNIV)Dekan(in) m(f)* * *dean1 [diːn] s1. UNIVa) Dekan m (Vorstand einer Fakultät oder eines College)2. UNIV USa) Vorstand m einer Fakultätb) Hauptberater(in), Vorsteher(in) (der Studenten)3. REL Dechant m, Dekan m, Superintendent m5. Vorsitzende(r) m/f(m), Präsident(in):Dean of Faculty schott Präsident der Anwaltskammer;the dean of the diplomatic corps der Doyen des diplomatischen Korpsdean2 → academic.ru/19550/dene">dene2* * *noun1) (Eccl.) Dechant, der; Dekan, der2) (in college, university, etc.) Dekan, der* * *n.Dekan -e m. -
39 junta
f.1 committee.junta directiva board of directorsjunta de gobierno = government and administrative body in certain autonomous regionsjunta militar military junta2 meeting.junta (general) de accionistas shareholders' meetingjunta general extraordinaria extraordinary general meeting3 joint (juntura).junta de culata gasket4 board, junta.5 autonomous government.pres.indicat.3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: juntar.* * *1 (reunión) meeting, assembly, conference2 (conjunto de personas) board, council, committee3 (sesión) session, sitting4 (militar) junta5 (punto de unión) joint\junta administrativa administrative boardjunta de accionistas shareholders' meetingjunta de empresa works counciljunta directiva board of directorsjunta militar military juntajunta de culata gasket* * *1. noun f.1) board2) meeting, assembly3) joint2. f., (m. - junto)* * *SF1) (=reunión) meetingcelebrar o convocar una junta — to hold a meeting
junta general extraordinaria — extraordinary general meeting, special meeting (EEUU)
2) (=comité) [gen] council, committee; (Com, Econ) boardjunta de portavoces — (Parl) House business committee
3) (Mil) junta4) Esp (Pol) name given to the governments of some autonomous areas in Spain5) (Téc) (=acoplamiento) joint; (=arandela) washer, gasketjunta cardán, junta universal — universal joint
6) LAm (=amistad)* * *1)a) (comité, comisión) board, committee; ( de empresa) board; ( reunión) meetingcelebrar/convocar una junta de accionistas — to hold/call a shareholders' meeting
b) ( de militares) junta2) (Mec) ( acoplamiento) joint; ( para cerrar herméticamente) gasket3) (CS pey) ( amistad) association* * *= board, bond, joint, seal.Ex. The librarian is also a member of the board of Education Studies and Humanities, indeed the university librarian served as Dean of the School for a period of three years.Ex. Networking creates bonds where none may have existed and multiplies individual capabilities manifold.Ex. Their purpose was, as paste-downs, to reinforce the joints of the covers and, as flyleaves, to give additional protection to the end pages of the book.Ex. It uses a heavy-duty seal and is therefore watertight, but not submersible.----* junta de dirección = board of directors.* junta de facultad = faculty board.* junta estanca = seal.* junta militar = military junta, junta.* reparación de la junta de culata = head work.* reparación de las juntas de los ladrillos = pointing.* reunión de la junta directiva = board meeting.* * *1)a) (comité, comisión) board, committee; ( de empresa) board; ( reunión) meetingcelebrar/convocar una junta de accionistas — to hold/call a shareholders' meeting
b) ( de militares) junta2) (Mec) ( acoplamiento) joint; ( para cerrar herméticamente) gasket3) (CS pey) ( amistad) association* * *= board, bond, joint, seal.Ex: The librarian is also a member of the board of Education Studies and Humanities, indeed the university librarian served as Dean of the School for a period of three years.
Ex: Networking creates bonds where none may have existed and multiplies individual capabilities manifold.Ex: Their purpose was, as paste-downs, to reinforce the joints of the covers and, as flyleaves, to give additional protection to the end pages of the book.Ex: It uses a heavy-duty seal and is therefore watertight, but not submersible.* junta de dirección = board of directors.* junta de facultad = faculty board.* junta estanca = seal.* junta militar = military junta, junta.* reparación de la junta de culata = head work.* reparación de las juntas de los ladrillos = pointing.* reunión de la junta directiva = board meeting.* * *Junta Autonómica (↑ junta a1)A1 (comité, comisión) board, committee2 (de una empresa) board3 (reunión) meeting4 (de militares) juntajunta militar military juntaCompuestos:stockholders’ o shareholders’ meetingcelebraron/convocaron una junta de accionistas they held/called a shareholders' meetingdistrict councilnuclear energy commission(en Ur) provincial governmentmembers' meetingboard of directorsCompuestos:universal jointcompensation jointhead gasket● junta de dilatación or de expansiónexpansion jointuniversal jointlas malas juntas bad company* * *
Del verbo juntar: ( conjugate juntar)
junta es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo
Multiple Entries:
junta
juntar
junta sustantivo femenino
1
( de empresa) board;
( reunión) meeting;
2 (Mec) ( acoplamiento) joint;
( para cerrar herméticamente) gasket
juntar ( conjugate juntar) verbo transitivo
‹ dinero› to save (up);◊ junta sellos (esp AmL) to collect stamps
juntarse verbo pronominal
1 [ personas]
c) ( como pareja) to live together;
2
junto,-a
I adjetivo
1 (reunido, acompañado, a un tiempo) together: vivimos juntos, we live together
todos juntos, all together
2 (próximos) tiene los ojos muy juntos, his eyes are very close together
dos mesas juntas, two tables side by side
II adverbio junto
1 (cerca de) junto a, next to
2 (en colaboración con, además de) junto con, together with
junta sustantivo femenino
1 (reunión) meeting, assembly
Pol junta de gobierno, cabinet meeting
2 (grupo de dirección) board, committee
junta directiva, board of directors
3 Mil junta
4 Téc joint
junta de dilatación, expansion joint
juntar verbo transitivo
1 (unir) to join, put together: juntaremos las sillas, we'll put the chairs together
(ensamblar) to assemble
2 (reunir a personas) quiere juntar a toda la familia, she wants to get all her family together
(reunir animales) to round up
4 (coleccionar) to collect
5 (una cantidad de dinero) to raise
' junta' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
directiva
- directivo
- enfrente
- sanedrín
- sesión
- vocal
- comité
- director
- junto
- reunir
- seleccionador
English:
board
- directorate
- district council
- fellow
- joint
- meeting
- member
- universal joint
- federal
- gasket
- get
- junta
- washer
* * *junta nf1. [grupo, comité] committee;[de empresa, examinadores] board junta arbitral arbitration panel; Urug junta departamental provincial government;junta directiva board of directors;junta electoral electoral board;junta de gobierno [de universidad] senate, governing body;junta militar military junta;junta municipal town o local council2. [reunión] meetingjunta de accionistas shareholders' meeting;junta general de accionistas shareholders' meeting;junta general anual annual general meeting;junta general extraordinaria extraordinary general meeting;junta de portavoces = meeting of the party spokespersons in a parliament or council to discuss a particular issue;junta de vecinos residents' meeting4. [juntura] jointjunta cardánica universal joint;junta de culata gasket;junta de dilatación expansion joint;junta esférica ball joint;junta de solape lap joint;junta universal universal joint* * *f1 POL (regional) government2 militar junta3 COM board4 ( sesión) meeting5 TÉC joint* * *junta nf1) : board, committeejunta directiva: board of directors2) reunión: meeting, session3) : junta4) : joint, gasket* * *junta n1. (reunión) meeting2. (comité) committee -
40 college
['kɔlɪdʒ] 1.1) ко́лле́дж (в Оксфордском и Кембриджском университетах [ Oxford University, Cambridge University]; самоуправляющаяся единица во главе с ректором или директором и членами совета колледжа [см. fellow 1. 1)]; организует практические занятия для студентов [см. tutorial 1)]; включает жилые помещения для студентов и преподавателей, столовую, библиотеку и залы отдыха, церковь; здания колледжа образуют один или несколько замкнутых дворов в форме четырёхугольника [см. quadrangle, court])2) ко́лле́дж (в составе Лондонского университета [ London University]; самостоятельное высшее учебное заведение)3) ко́лле́дж, специа́льное вы́сшее уче́бное заведе́ние (напр., военное, педагогическое)4) ко́лле́дж, шко́ла (в названии некоторых привилегированных частных средних школ [см. public school])2. ист.общи́на духове́нства (при соборе, монастыре и т.п.)English-Russian Great Britain dictionary (Великобритания. Лингвострановедческий словарь) > college
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fellow — Ⅰ. fellow UK US /ˈfeləʊ/ adjective [before noun] ► used to describe someone who has the same job or interests as you, or is in the same situation as you: »A member of staff was sacked for stealing from fellow employees. Ⅱ. fellow UK US /ˈfeləʊ/… … Financial and business terms