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  • 1 dve

    Slovenian-english dictionary > dve

  • 2 d(ъ)va

    d(ъ)va Grammatical information: num. Proto-Slavic meaning: `two'
    Page in Trubačev: V 185-186
    Old Church Slavic:
    dъva `two' [num], dъvě [numf], dъvě `two' [numn]
    Russian:
    dva `two' [num], dve [numf], dva [numn]
    Czech:
    dva `two' [num], dvě [numf], dvě [numn]
    Polish:
    dwa `two' [num], dwie `two' [numf], dwa `two' [numn]
    Slovincian:
    dvã `two' [num], dvjìe̯ [numf], dvjìe̯ [numn]
    Serbo-Croatian:
    dvȃ `two' [num], dvȉje [numf], dvȃ `two' [numn];
    Čak. dvå̑ (Vrgada) `two' [num], dvȋ [numf], dvå̑ [numn];
    Čak. dvȃ (Orbanići) `two' [num]
    Slovene:
    dvȃ `two' [num]
    Bulgarian:
    dva `two' [num]
    Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: duoʔ; duoiʔ
    Lithuanian:
    dù `two' [num], dvì `two' [numf]
    Indo-European reconstruction: duo-h₁; duo-ih₁
    Page in Pokorny: 228
    Other cognates:
    Skt. dvā́ `two' [num];
    Gk. δύω `two' [num];

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > d(ъ)va

  • 3 d(ъ)vojь

    d(ъ)vojь Grammatical information: num.
    Page in Trubačev: V 192
    Old Church Slavic:
    dъvoi `two, double, twofold' [adj jo]
    Russian:
    dvóe `two, two pairs' [num jo]
    Czech:
    dvojí `double, twofold' [adj jo]
    Polish:
    dwoje `two, double, twofold' [num jo]
    Serbo-Croatian:
    dvȍji `two, double, twofold' [adj jo]
    Slovene:
    dvọ̑j `two, double, twofold' [adj jo]
    Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: duoiós
    Lithuanian:
    dvejì `two' [num]
    Indo-European reconstruction: duo-ió-
    Page in Pokorny: 228
    Other cognates:
    Skt. dvayá- `double' [adj];
    Gk. δοιοί `both, two' [adj];
    Gk. δοιός `double' [adj]

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > d(ъ)vojь

  • 4 eterъ

    eterъ Grammatical information: prn.
    Page in Trubačev: VIII 187
    Old Church Slavic:
    eterъ `some, someone' [prn o]
    Church Slavic:
    (j)eterъ (RuCS) `some, someone' [prn o]
    Upper Sorbian:
    wot(e)ry `another' [prn o]
    Lower Sorbian:
    wótery, wótary, wótory `some' [prn o]
    Indo-European reconstruction: io-tero-
    IE meaning: someone
    Certainty: +
    Page in Pokorny: 283
    Comments: It cannot be decided whether this pronoun continues PIE *io-tero- or *h₁e-etero-, cf. Skt. yatará- `which of the two' vs. Av. atāra- `this one of the two'. The Sorbian forms may have been influenced by *vъtorъ `second'.
    Other cognates:
    Skt. yatará- `which of the two'

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > eterъ

  • 5 blizna

    blizna; blizno Grammatical information: f. ā; n. o
    Page in Trubačev: II 118-120
    Russian:
    blízna (dial.) `missing thread in fabric, flaw in home-spun material' [f ā];
    blizná `knot in linen resulting from an incorrect arrangement of the warp' [f ā];
    bliznó `flaw in fabric, absence of one or two threads' [n o];
    bljuzná `flaw in fabric' [f ā]
    Old Russian:
    blizna `scar' [f ā]
    Belorussian:
    bljuzná `flaw in fabric' [f ā]
    Ukrainian:
    blýzna `wound, scar' [f ā];
    blyzná `defect in linen' [f ā]
    Czech:
    blizna `stigma (bot.)' [f ā]
    Polish:
    blizna `scar, gash, seam, cicatrice, trace left by a fallen leaf' [f ā]
    Old Polish:
    bluzna `cicatrice, stigma, stamp' [f ā]
    Kashubian:
    blïzna `cicatrice' [f ā]
    Upper Sorbian:
    bɫuzna `scar, birth-mark' [f ā]
    Lower Sorbian:
    bluzna `scar, bruise' [f ā]
    Serbo-Croatian:
    blȉzna `two threads put into a reed (instead of one);
    ruptured thread in weft or warp' [f ā], blȋznī [Nom p];
    blȋzna `scar' [f ā];
    blȉzno `gap' [n o]
    Bulgarian:
    blizná `place in fabric where a thread is torn or missing' [f ā]
    Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: bliʔź-n-
    Lithuanian:
    blyžė̃ `rip in fabric' [f ē] 4
    Latvian:
    blîznis2 `pile of broken trees in a forest' [f ē]
    Indo-European reconstruction: A formation with an n-suffix derived from *bʰliǵ- `beat', cf. Lat. flīgere `hit'.
    IE meaning: scar
    Page in Pokorny: 160
    Comments: The forms that seemingly reflect *bl'uzna must be secondary.

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > blizna

  • 6 blizno

    blizna; blizno Grammatical information: f. ā; n. o
    Page in Trubačev: II 118-120
    Russian:
    blízna (dial.) `missing thread in fabric, flaw in home-spun material' [f ā];
    blizná `knot in linen resulting from an incorrect arrangement of the warp' [f ā];
    bliznó `flaw in fabric, absence of one or two threads' [n o];
    bljuzná `flaw in fabric' [f ā]
    Old Russian:
    blizna `scar' [f ā]
    Belorussian:
    bljuzná `flaw in fabric' [f ā]
    Ukrainian:
    blýzna `wound, scar' [f ā];
    blyzná `defect in linen' [f ā]
    Czech:
    blizna `stigma (bot.)' [f ā]
    Polish:
    blizna `scar, gash, seam, cicatrice, trace left by a fallen leaf' [f ā]
    Old Polish:
    bluzna `cicatrice, stigma, stamp' [f ā]
    Kashubian:
    blïzna `cicatrice' [f ā]
    Upper Sorbian:
    bɫuzna `scar, birth-mark' [f ā]
    Lower Sorbian:
    bluzna `scar, bruise' [f ā]
    Serbo-Croatian:
    blȉzna `two threads put into a reed (instead of one);
    ruptured thread in weft or warp' [f ā], blȋznī [Nom p];
    blȋzna `scar' [f ā];
    blȉzno `gap' [n o]
    Bulgarian:
    blizná `place in fabric where a thread is torn or missing' [f ā]
    Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: bliʔź-n-
    Lithuanian:
    blyžė̃ `rip in fabric' [f ē] 4
    Latvian:
    blîznis2 `pile of broken trees in a forest' [f ē]
    Indo-European reconstruction: A formation with an n-suffix derived from *bʰliǵ- `beat', cf. Lat. flīgere `hit'.
    IE meaning: scar
    Page in Pokorny: 160
    Comments: The forms that seemingly reflect *bl'uzna must be secondary.

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > blizno

  • 7 koterъ

    koterъ; kotorъ Grammatical information: prn. Proto-Slavic meaning: `who, which'
    Page in Trubačev: XI 201-203
    Old Church Slavic:
    kotorъi `who, someone' [prn];
    koterъi (Mar., Hil.) `who, someone' [prn]
    Russian:
    kotóryj `which, (rel.) who, which' [prn]
    Slovak:
    koterý `which' [prn];
    kotorý `which' [prn];
    kotrý `which' [prn]
    Upper Sorbian:
    kotry `which, what' [prn]
    Lower Sorbian:
    kótary `which' [prn]
    Serbo-Croatian:
    koteri (dial., obs.) `which' [prn]
    Slovene:
    kotę́ri `which' [prn];
    katę́ri `which' [prn]
    Bulgarian:
    kótryj (Gerov) `which' [prn];
    kotrí (dial.) `which' [prn]
    Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: kot(e)ros
    Lithuanian:
    katràs `which (of the two)' [prn]
    Indo-European reconstruction: kʷo-ter-o-
    Other cognates:
    Skt. katará- `which (of the two)';
    Gk. πότερος `which' [prn];
    Go. hʷaʮar `which' [prn]

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > koterъ

  • 8 kotorъ

    koterъ; kotorъ Grammatical information: prn. Proto-Slavic meaning: `who, which'
    Page in Trubačev: XI 201-203
    Old Church Slavic:
    kotorъi `who, someone' [prn];
    koterъi (Mar., Hil.) `who, someone' [prn]
    Russian:
    kotóryj `which, (rel.) who, which' [prn]
    Slovak:
    koterý `which' [prn];
    kotorý `which' [prn];
    kotrý `which' [prn]
    Upper Sorbian:
    kotry `which, what' [prn]
    Lower Sorbian:
    kótary `which' [prn]
    Serbo-Croatian:
    koteri (dial., obs.) `which' [prn]
    Slovene:
    kotę́ri `which' [prn];
    katę́ri `which' [prn]
    Bulgarian:
    kótryj (Gerov) `which' [prn];
    kotrí (dial.) `which' [prn]
    Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: kot(e)ros
    Lithuanian:
    katràs `which (of the two)' [prn]
    Indo-European reconstruction: kʷo-ter-o-
    Other cognates:
    Skt. katará- `which (of the two)';
    Gk. πότερος `which' [prn];
    Go. hʷaʮar `which' [prn]

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > kotorъ

  • 9 àma

    àma Grammatical information: f. ā Accent paradigm: a Proto-Slavic meaning: `pit, hole'
    Page in Trubačev: I 70-71
    Old Church Slavic:
    jama `pit, hole' [f ā]
    Russian:
    jáma `pit, hole' [f ā]
    Old Russian:
    jama `pit, hole, ditch, grave' [f ā]
    Ukrainian:
    jáma `pit, hole, grave' [f ā]
    Czech:
    jáma `pit, hole' [f ā]
    Slovak:
    jama `pit, hole' [f ā]
    Polish:
    jama `pit, hole, cave' [f ā]
    Slovincian:
    ją̃mă `pit, hole, cave' [f ā]
    Serbo-Croatian:
    jȁma `pit, hole' [f ā];
    Čak. jȁma (Vrgada, Novi) `pit, hole' [f ā];
    Čak. jȁma (Orbanići) `pit, hole, two vines planted together in a hole' [f ā]
    Slovene:
    jáma `pit, hole, cave' [f ā]
    Bulgarian:
    jáma `pit, hole' [f ā]

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > àma

  • 10 avě

    avě Grammatical information: adv. Proto-Slavic meaning: `manifestly'
    Page in Trubačev: I 93-94
    Old Church Slavic:
    javě `manifestly, openly, clearly' [adv];
    avě `manifestly, openly, clearly' [adv]
    Serbo-Croatian:
    javi `manifestly, openly' [adv]
    Bulgarian:
    áve `in reality' [adv];
    jáve `in reality' [adv]
    Macedonian:
    jave `in reality' [adv]
    Lithuanian:
    ovyje (DP) `in reality' [adv]
    Indo-European reconstruction: h₂ēu-ēis
    IE meaning: apparently
    Certainty: +
    Page in Pokorny: 78
    Comments: OLith. ovyje `in reality' is sometimes regarded as a borrowing from Slavic but there are no compelling arguments for this view. The absence of initial j- rather points in the direction of an etymological relationship, cf. jovnai `openly', which is a borrowing from Belorussian. In that case we would have to start from a PBSl. i-stem *āv-i- (cf. Anikin 1998: 21, see also s.v. javiti). On the other hand, it seems possible that the form ovyje, whose oldest attestations are two occurrences in Daukša, is based on Church Slavic (j)avě. The Slavic adverb in turn may have been borrowed from Iranian (Lubotsky p.c.).
    Other cognates:
    Skt. āvíṣ `apparently, noticeably' [adv];
    Av. auuiš `apparently, evidently' [adv]

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > avě

  • 11 bolzìna

    bolzìna Grammatical information: f. ā
    Page in Trubačev: II 183-184
    Serbo-Croatian:
    blàzina `pillow, bolster' [f ā]
    Slovene:
    blazína `roof-beam, cross-beam, pillow, mattress, bolster' [f ā]
    Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: bolźeiʔnaʔ; bolźeiʔnos
    Lithuanian:
    balžíenas `cross-beam (harrow,waggon, sledge)' [m o] 1/3;
    balžíena `cross-beam (harrow,waggon, sledge)' [f ā] 1/3
    Latvian:
    bàlziêns `cross-beam (sledge, plough)' [m o]
    Old Prussian:
    balsinis `cushion';
    pobalso `bolster'
    Indo-European reconstruction: bʰolǵʰ-
    Comments: It seems plausible that we are dealing with two, formally indistinguishable roots (cf. IEW: 122-123, 125-126). The meaning `pillow, bolster' belongs to the same root that underlies Lith. bal̃nas, OHG balg etc. Stang (1972, 14) attempts to separate `beam' from `pillow, bellows' on formal grounds (*ǵ vs. ǵʰ, respectively), but this does not seem to work, as the Balto-Slavic forms that would *ǵ do not show the effects of Winter's law. It is more likely that the Germanic forms with *k contain * k(k) < *ǵʰ-n- (Kluge's law).
    Other cognates:
    OIc. bjalki `beam'
    ;
    OHG balko `beam'
    ;
    OE balca `beam'
    \{1\}

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > bolzìna

  • 12 čerslò

    čerslò Grammatical information: n. o Accent paradigm: b
    Page in Trubačev: IV 74-75
    Old Church Slavic:
    črěsla `loins' [Nompn o]
    Russian:
    čeresló (dial.) `ploughshare' [n o];
    čéresla (dial.) `waist, groins' [Nompn o]
    Ukrainian:
    čeresló `ploughshare' [n o]
    Czech:
    (s)tříslo `cortex, bark (used in tanning), planks, groin' [n o]
    Slovak:
    črieslo `lintel' [n o]
    Polish:
    trzosɫa (arch.) `loins, groin' [Nompn o];
    trzósɫa (dial.) `loins, groin' [Nompn o]
    Upper Sorbian:
    črjósɫo `ploughshare' [n o]
    Serbo-Croatian:
    črijèslo `cortex, bark (used in tanning)' [n o]
    Slovene:
    črẹ́slọ `cortex, bark (used in tanning)' [n o]
    Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: kersló
    Lithuanian:
    ker̃slas `chisel, cutter' [m o]
    Old Prussian:
    kersle `axe with two blades'
    Page in Pokorny: 941
    Comments: Derivative of the root * (s)kert-. The suffix may be reconstructed as *- slom, but *- tlom is more attractive. It does not seem implausible that * kers-tlo- < * kert-tlo- became * kerslo- in Balto-Slavic.

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > čerslò

  • 13 kolě̀no

    kolě̀no Grammatical information: n. o Accent paradigm: a Proto-Slavic meaning: `knee'
    Page in Trubačev: X 132-134
    Old Church Slavic:
    kolěno `knee' [n o]
    Russian:
    koléno `knee' [n o]
    Czech:
    koleno `knee, generation' [n o]
    Slovak:
    koleno `knee, (arch.) generation' [n o]
    Polish:
    kolano `knee' [n o]
    Serbo-Croatian:
    kòljeno `knee, joint' [n o];
    Čak. kolȉno (Vrgada) `knee, joint' [n o];
    Čak. kolȅno (Novi, Orbanići) `knee' [n o]
    Slovene:
    kolẹ́nọ `knee, generation, origin' [n o]
    Bulgarian:
    koljáno `knee, generation, origin' [n o]
    Lithuanian:
    kẽlis `knee' [m io]
    Latvian:
    celis `knee' [m io]
    Comments: As to the etymology of the root, there are two candidates, viz. *kelH- `rise, raise, lift' and *kʷel(H)- `turn, rotate'. I prefer the former option for semantic reasons. The connection with Gk. κω̃λον `limb', which cannot reflect an initial labiovelar, is hardly secure enough to serve as a formal argument.

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > kolě̀no

  • 14 lę̀ga

    lę̀ga Grammatical information: f. ā Accent paradigm: a Proto-Slavic meaning: `depression'
    Page in Trubačev: XV 52-53
    Russian:
    ljága (N. dial.) `swampy place, swamp, depression, cavity (usually filled with water), puddle' [f ā]
    Old Russian:
    ljaga `damp low place' [f ā]
    Slovincian:
    lëga `low place, depression' [f ā]
    Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: lenʔg(i)aʔ
    Lithuanian:
    léngė (arch.) `depression, small meadow between two hills' [f ē];
    lénkė `vale, depression, moist and boggy place, meadow, marsh' [f ē];
    lìnka `depression' [f ā]

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > lę̀ga

  • 15 lě̑xà

    lě̑xà Grammatical information: f. ā Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `strip of land, bed'
    Page in Trubačev: XIV 184-187
    Old Church Slavic:
    lěxa (Zogr., Mar.) `row' [f ā]
    Russian:
    lexá (dial.) `strip of land, furrow, bed' [f ā];
    léxa (dial.) `strip of land, furrow, bed' [f ā]
    Ukrainian:
    ljaxá `bed (garden)' [f ā]
    Czech:
    lícha `narrow strip of land' [f ā]
    Old Czech:
    lécha `strip of land' [f ā]
    Polish:
    lecha (obs.) `row, file' [f ā]
    Old Polish:
    lecha `strip of land, bed (garden)' [f ā]
    Serbo-Croatian:
    lijèha `small patch of farmed land, ridge between furrows, flower bed' [f ā];
    Čak. liehȁ `flower bed, vegetable plot, row of plants (in a garden)' [f ā], liȇho [Accs]
    Slovene:
    lẹ́ha `furrow, strip of land, gap in a field' [f ā]
    Bulgarian:
    lehá `flower bed' [f ā]
    Lithuanian:
    lýsė `bed (garden)' [f ē] 1
    Old Prussian:
    lyso `bed (field)' [f ē] 1
    Indo-European reconstruction: lois-eh₂
    Page in Pokorny: 671
    Other cognates:
    Lat. līra `ridge between two furrows' [f];
    OHG wagan-leisa `track of a cart' [f]

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > lě̑xà

  • 16 lьgъkъ

    lьgъkъ Grammatical information: adj. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `light, easy'
    Page in Trubačev: XVII 64
    Old Church Slavic:
    lьgъkъ `light, easy' [adj o] \{1\}
    Russian:
    lëgkij `light, easy' [adj o]
    Czech:
    lehký `light, easy' [adj o]
    Slovak:
    l'ahký `light, easy' [adj o]
    Polish:
    lekki `light, easy' [adj o]
    Serbo-Croatian:
    lȁk `light, easy' [adj o];
    lȁhak `light, easy' (arch.) [adj o];
    lȁgak (arch., dial.) `light, easy' [adj o];
    Čak. lȁk (Vrgada: obs.) `light, easy' [adj o], lakȁ [Nomsf], lȁko [Nomsn];
    Čak. lȁgak (Orbanići) `light, easy' [adj o], lȁhka [Nomsf]
    Slovene:
    lahȃk `light, easy' [adj o], lahkà [Nomsf];
    láhǝk `light, easy' [adj o], láhka [Nomsf];
    lagȃk `light, easy' [adj o], lahkà [Nomsf];
    lágǝk `light, easy' [adj o], láhka [Nomsf]
    Bulgarian:
    lek `light, light-hearted' [adj o]
    Lithuanian:
    leñgvas `light' [adj o] 4
    Latvian:
    liêgs2 `gentle' [adj o]
    Other cognates:
    Skt. raghú- (RV+) `fast' [adj];
    Skt. laghú- (RV+) `light, small, easy' [adj];
    Gk. ἐλαχύς `small, little' [adj];
    Gk. ἐλαφρός `light, dexterous, fast, little' [adj];
    Lat. levis `light, fast, small, scanty' [adj];
    Go. leihts `light' [adj]
    Notes:
    \{1\} Vocalization of the first jer is quite common in this word. Euch. also has two instances of lek-.

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > lьgъkъ

  • 17 mara

    mara Grammatical information: f. ā Proto-Slavic meaning: `ghost, apparition'
    Page in Trubačev: XVII 204-207 \{1\}
    Church Slavic:
    mara (RuCS) `ecstasy' [f ā]
    Russian:
    mára, mará `apparition, mirage;
    (dial.) house-sprite, evil spirit' [f ā]
    Belorussian:
    mará, mára `dream, apparition, nightmare;
    (dial.) `witch, demon' [f ā]
    Ukrainian:
    mará `apparition, ghost, witch' [f ā]
    Slovak:
    mara `ghost, apparition' [f ā]
    Polish:
    Slovincian:
    mara `dream, apparition, ghost' [f ā]
    Upper Sorbian:
    mara `goddess of illness and death' [f ā]
    Bulgarian:
    Mára `name of a fairy-tale monster' [f ā]
    Indo-European reconstruction: meh₂-reh₂
    Certainty: +
    Page in Pokorny: 693
    Comments: There are basically two views on the origin of *mara. According to a hypothesis put forward by Franck (1904: 129) and advocated by a.o. Schuster-Šewc (885ff), *mara continues PIE *mōrā and differs from *mora only in having lengthened grade. The alternative etymology, which can at least be traced to Zubatý 1894, connects *mara with the root ma- < *meh₂- of majati, mamъ etc. Though it seems at a first glance unsatisfactory to separate *mara from *mora - in Polish, for instance, mara and mora are synonymous -, it is awkward that in most Slavic languages both apophonic variants would occur side by side. Perhaps we have to start from *mara `illusion, apparition' beside *mora `female demon that tortures people with nightmares', which later became confused. This scenario may also offer an explanation for the fact that the accentual paradigm of both words is so hard to determine. We would expect *màra (a) - in view of Hirt's law - beside *morà (b) or (c). Nevertheless we find forms like Ru. móra and mará (beside mára). I think that in this respect, too, we have to reckon with analogy.

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > mara

  • 18 načęti

    načęti Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `begin'
    Page in Trubačev: XXI 226-227
    Old Church Slavic:
    načęti `begin' [verb], načьnǫ [1sg]
    Russian:
    načát' `begin' [verb], načnú [1sg], načnët [3sg]
    Czech:
    načíti `begin, begin to cut' [verb]
    Slovak:
    načat' `cut off, begin' [verb]
    Polish:
    nacząć (dial.) `begin' [verb]
    Serbo-Croatian:
    nàčēti `begin' [verb], nȁčnēm [1sg];
    Čak. načẽti (Vrgada) `begin' [verb], nȁčmeš [2sg]
    Slovene:
    načę́ti `begin' [verb], načnèm [1sg]
    Indo-European reconstruction: nō+k(e)n-
    Page in Pokorny: 563
    Comments: Apart from two suspicious instances of OCz. čieti, the simple verb is attested nowhere in Slavic.

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > načęti

  • 19 olьxa

    olьxa; elьxa Grammatical information: f. ā Proto-Slavic meaning: `alder'
    Page in Trubačev: VI 23-25; XXXII 81-82
    Russian:
    ol'xá `alder' [f ā];
    ëlxa (dial.), elxá (dial.) `alder, spruce' [f ā] \{1\}
    Slovak:
    jelcha (dial.) `alder' [f ā]
    Polish:
    olcha `alder' [f ā]
    Serbo-Croatian:
    jelha (dial.) `alder' [f ā]
    Bulgarian:
    elxá `alder, spruce' [f ā]
    Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: a/elisaH;; a/el(i)snio-
    Lithuanian:
    al̃ksnis, el̃ksnis `alder' [m io] 2;
    alìksnis (E. dial.) `alder' [m io] 2;
    álksna, élksna (dial.) `alder thicket, place where alders grow, marsh, dale' [f ā] 1
    Latvian:
    àlksnis, èlksnis (dial.) `alder' [m io];
    àlksna, ęlksna (E. dial.) `alder thicket, swampy place' \{2\}
    Indo-European reconstruction: h₂eliseh₂
    IE meaning: alder
    Certainty: -
    Page in Pokorny: 302-303
    Comments: As Schrijver observes (1991: 40), this etymon presents two problems. The first problem is the anlaut. The Slavic forms with je- cannot be explained away by assuming analogy after the word for `spruce': je- also occurs in West Slavic, where `spruce' is jedl-, not jel- (pace Kortlandt apud Schrijver: o.c. 41). The a-: e- variation in Germanic suggests that the variation in Baltic and Slavic does not result from "Rozwadowski's change" alone (cf. Andersen 1996: 130). The second problem is the alternation between i and zero in the second syllable. It is true that the *i and *u (cf. the Latvian toponym Aluksne?) of the Germanic forms may continue the regular ablaut of an s-stem (Schrijver: l.c.), but the fact that we find *i of in Slavic and East Lithuanian as well indicates that it should be taken at face value. The above-mentioned peculiarities of the etymon strongly suggest that we are dealing with a word of non-Indo-European origin. The fact that there are North Slavic forms with s alongside the expected x must be connected with the Baltic presence in the area (cf. Anikin 2005: 85-86).
    Other cognates:
    Lat. alnus `alder'
    ;
    Span. aliso `alder'
    ;
    Mac. ἄλιζα `white poplar';
    OHG elira, erila `alder' [f];
    OE alor `alder'
    ;
    OIc. ǫlr `alder'
    , jǫlstr `alder' [f] \{3\}
    Notes:
    \{1\} In Russian dialects there are apparently also forms with a vocalized medial jer, e.g. elóxa (Kostr.), alëx (Voron.), olëx (Rjaz.) `alder' (cf. Popowska-Taborska 1984: 39). \{2\} The form with e- is actually reflected as àlksna (Bersohn, E. Latvia) (M-E: s.v.). \{3\} From * aluz- and * elustrō (< * elastrō?), respectively.

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > olьxa

  • 20 elьxa

    olьxa; elьxa Grammatical information: f. ā Proto-Slavic meaning: `alder'
    Page in Trubačev: VI 23-25; XXXII 81-82
    Russian:
    ol'xá `alder' [f ā];
    ëlxa (dial.), elxá (dial.) `alder, spruce' [f ā] \{1\}
    Slovak:
    jelcha (dial.) `alder' [f ā]
    Polish:
    olcha `alder' [f ā]
    Serbo-Croatian:
    jelha (dial.) `alder' [f ā]
    Bulgarian:
    elxá `alder, spruce' [f ā]
    Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: a/elisaH;; a/el(i)snio-
    Lithuanian:
    al̃ksnis, el̃ksnis `alder' [m io] 2;
    alìksnis (E. dial.) `alder' [m io] 2;
    álksna, élksna (dial.) `alder thicket, place where alders grow, marsh, dale' [f ā] 1
    Latvian:
    àlksnis, èlksnis (dial.) `alder' [m io];
    àlksna, ęlksna (E. dial.) `alder thicket, swampy place' \{2\}
    Indo-European reconstruction: h₂eliseh₂
    IE meaning: alder
    Certainty: -
    Page in Pokorny: 302-303
    Comments: As Schrijver observes (1991: 40), this etymon presents two problems. The first problem is the anlaut. The Slavic forms with je- cannot be explained away by assuming analogy after the word for `spruce': je- also occurs in West Slavic, where `spruce' is jedl-, not jel- (pace Kortlandt apud Schrijver: o.c. 41). The a-: e- variation in Germanic suggests that the variation in Baltic and Slavic does not result from "Rozwadowski's change" alone (cf. Andersen 1996: 130). The second problem is the alternation between i and zero in the second syllable. It is true that the *i and *u (cf. the Latvian toponym Aluksne?) of the Germanic forms may continue the regular ablaut of an s-stem (Schrijver: l.c.), but the fact that we find *i of in Slavic and East Lithuanian as well indicates that it should be taken at face value. The above-mentioned peculiarities of the etymon strongly suggest that we are dealing with a word of non-Indo-European origin. The fact that there are North Slavic forms with s alongside the expected x must be connected with the Baltic presence in the area (cf. Anikin 2005: 85-86).
    Other cognates:
    Lat. alnus `alder'
    ;
    Span. aliso `alder'
    ;
    Mac. ἄλιζα `white poplar';
    OHG elira, erila `alder' [f];
    OE alor `alder'
    ;
    OIc. ǫlr `alder'
    , jǫlstr `alder' [f] \{3\}
    Notes:
    \{1\} In Russian dialects there are apparently also forms with a vocalized medial jer, e.g. elóxa (Kostr.), alëx (Voron.), olëx (Rjaz.) `alder' (cf. Popowska-Taborska 1984: 39). \{2\} The form with e- is actually reflected as àlksna (Bersohn, E. Latvia) (M-E: s.v.). \{3\} From * aluz- and * elustrō (< * elastrō?), respectively.

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > elьxa

Страницы
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