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81 fiction fic·tion n
['fɪkʃ(ə)n]1) Literature narrativa2) (sth made up) finzione fFALSE FRIEND: fiction is not translated by the Italian word fiction -
82 inconsistency in·con·sist·en·cy n
[ˌɪnkən'sɪst(ə)nsɪ]1) (of actions) contraddizione f, incoerenza, (of work) irregolarità2) (of statement) incongruenzaFALSE FRIEND: inconsistency is not translated by the Italian word inconsistenzaEnglish-Italian dictionary > inconsistency in·con·sist·en·cy n
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83 renovate reno·vate vt
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84 stage *****
[steɪdʒ]1. n1) (period, section: of process, development) fase f, stadio, (of journey) tappa, (of rocket) stadioin or by easy stages — a piccole tappe
in the early/final stages — negli stadi iniziali/finali
2) (platform) palco, (in theatre) palcoscenicothe stage — (profession) il teatro
to go on the stage — entrare in scena, (become an actor) fare del teatro
2. vt(play) mettere in scena, rappresentare, (arrange: welcome, demonstration) organizzare, (fake: accident) simulareFALSE FRIEND: stage is not translated by the Italian word stageto stage a scene — allestire una scena, fig fare una sceneggiata
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85 the
1. definite article1) der/die/dasif you want a quick survey, this is the book — für einen raschen Überblick ist dies das richtige Buch
he lives in the district — er wohnt in dieser Gegend
£5 the square metre/the gallon/the kilogram — 5 Pfund der Quadratmeter/die Gallone/das Kilogramm
14 miles to the gallon — 14 Meilen auf eine Gallone; ≈ 20 l auf 100 km
a scale of one mile to the inch — ein Maßstab von 1: 63 360
2) (denoting one best known)it is the restaurant in this town — das ist das Restaurant in dieser Stadt
2. adverbhave got the toothache/measles — (coll.) Zahnschmerzen/die Masern haben
the more I practise the better I play — je mehr ich übe, desto od. um so besser spiele ich
so much the worse for somebody/something — um so schlimmer für jemanden/etwas
* * *[ðə, ði](The form [ðə] is used before words beginning with a consonant eg the house or consonant sound eg the union [ðə'ju:njən]; the form [ði] is used before words beginning with a vowel eg the apple or vowel sound eg the honour [ði 'onə]) der/die/das1) (used to refer to a person, thing etc mentioned previously, described in a following phrase, or already known: Where is the book I put on the table?; Who was the man you were talking to?; My mug is the tall blue one; Switch the light off!)2) (used with a singular noun or an adjective to refer to all members of a group etc or to a general type of object, group of objects etc: The horse is running fast.; I spoke to him on the telephone; He plays the piano/violin very well.) der/die/das3) (used to refer to unique objects etc, especially in titles and names: the Duke of Edinburgh; the Atlantic (Ocean).) der/die/das4) (used after a preposition with words referring to a unit of quantity, time etc: In this job we are paid by the hour.) eine/-r/s(oder unübersetzt)5) (used with superlative adjectives and adverbs to denote a person, thing etc which is or shows more of something than any other: He is the kindest man I know; We like him (the) best of all.) der/die/das,am6) ((often with all) used with comparative adjectives to show that a person, thing etc is better, worse etc: He has had a week's holiday and looks (all) the better for it.) um so•- academic.ru/118911/the_..">the...- the...* * *[ði:, ði, ðə]1. (denoting thing mentioned) der/die/dasat \the cinema im Kinoat \the corner an der Eckein \the fridge im Kühlschrankon \the shelf im Regalon \the table auf dem Tisch2. (particular thing/person)▪ \the ... der/die/das...3. (with family name)\the Smiths are away on vacation die Schmidts sind im Urlaub4. (before relative clause) der/die/dasI really enjoyed \the book I've just finished reading das Buch, das ich gerade gelesen habe, war wirklich interessant5. (before name with adjective) der/die\the unfortunate Mr Jones was caught up in the crime der bedauernswerte Mr. Jones wurde in das Verbrechen verwickelt6. (in title) der/dieEdward \the Seventh Eduard der SiebteElizabeth \the second Elisabeth die Zweite7. (before adjective) der/die/dasI suppose we'll just have to wait for \the inevitable ich vermute, wir müssen einfach auf das Unvermeidliche warten\the panda is becoming an increasingly rare animal der Pandabär wird immer seltener\the democrats/poor/townspeople die Demokraten/Armen/Städtera home for \the elderly ein Altersheim nt9. (with superlative) der/die/das\the highest mountain in Europe der höchste Berg Europas\the happiest der/die Glücklichste10. (instead of possessive)how's \the leg today, Mrs. Steel? wie geht es Ihrem Bein denn heute, Frau Steel?he held his daughter tightly by \the arm er hielt seine Tochter am Arm fest11. (with dates) der\the 24th of May der 24. MaiMay \the 24th der 24. Mai; (with time period) diein \the eighties in den Achtzigern [o Achtzigerjahren12. (with ordinal numbers) der/die/dasyou're \the fifth person to ask me that du bist die Fünfte, die mich das fragt13. (with measurements) prothese potatoes are sold by \the kilo diese Kartoffeln werden kiloweise verkauftby \the hour pro Stundetwenty miles to \the gallon zwanzig Meilen auf eine Gallone14. (enough) der/die/dasI haven't got \the energy to go out this evening ich habe heute Abend nicht mehr die Energie auszugehenII. adv + compall \the better/worse umso besser/schlechterI feel all \the better for getting that off my chest nachdem ich das losgeworden bin, fühle ich mich gleich viel besserany the better/worse in irgendeiner Weise besser/schlechtershe doesn't seem to be any \the worse for her bad experience ihre schlimme Erfahrung scheint ihr in keiner Weise geschadet zu haben▪ \the..., \the... je..., desto...\the lower \the price, \the poorer \the quality je niedriger der Preis, umso schlechter die Qualitätbring the family with you! \the more \the merrier! bring die Familie mit! je mehr Leute, desto besser▪ \the more..., \the more... je mehr..., desto mehr...\the more I see of his work, \the more I like it je mehr ich von seiner Arbeit sehe, desto besser gefällt sie mir* * *[ðə] (vor Vokalen auch, zur Betonung auch) [ðiː]1. def art1) der/die/dasin the room — im or in dem Zimmer
on the edge —
to play the piano/guitar — Klavier/Gitarre spielen
have you invited the Browns? — haben Sie die Browns or (with children) die Familie Brown eingeladen?
in the 20s — in den zwanziger Jahren or Zwanzigerjahren pl
how's the leg/wife? (inf) — wie gehts dem Bein/Ihrer Frau? (inf)
the poor/rich — die Armen pl/Reichen pl
translated from the German —
she was the prettier/prettiest — sie war die Hübschere/Hübscheste
4)(distributive use)
80p the pound — 80 Pence das or pro Pfundby the hour — pro Stunde
the car does thirty miles to the gallon — das Auto braucht eine Gallone auf dreißig Meilen, das Auto verbraucht 11 Liter auf 100km
5) [ðiː](stressed) der/die/das2. adv(all) the more so because... — umso mehr, als...
See:→ better* * *the book on the table das Buch auf dem Tisch;the England of today das England von heute;the Browns die Browns, die Familie Brown2. vor Maßangaben:one dollar the pound einen Dollar das Pfund;wine at two pounds the bottle Wein zu zwei Pfund die Flasche3. [ðiː] der, die, das (hervorragende oder geeignete etc):he is the painter of the century er ist der Maler des Jahrhundertsthe2 [ðə] adv (vor komp) desto, umso;the … the je …, desto;so much the better umso besser;so much the more umso (viel) mehr;not any the better um nichts besser;Gambia, the [ˈɡæmbıə] s Gamiba nMidlands, the [ˈmıdləndz] spl Mittelengland n (Grafschaften Mittelenglands, besonders Warwickshire, Northamptonshire, Leicestershire, Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire und Staffordshire)* * *1. definite article1) der/die/dasif you want a quick survey, this is the book — für einen raschen Überblick ist dies das richtige Buch
it's or there's only the one — es ist nur dieser/diese/dieses eine
£5 the square metre/the gallon/the kilogram — 5 Pfund der Quadratmeter/die Gallone/das Kilogramm
14 miles to the gallon — 14 Meilen auf eine Gallone; ≈ 20 l auf 100 km
a scale of one mile to the inch — ein Maßstab von 1: 63 360
2. adverbhave got the toothache/measles — (coll.) Zahnschmerzen/die Masern haben
the more I practise the better I play — je mehr ich übe, desto od. um so besser spiele ich
so much the worse for somebody/something — um so schlimmer für jemanden/etwas
* * *art.das art.n.der art.m.die art.f. v.zum v. -
86 against
against [əˈgenst]━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ prepositiona. contre• I've got nothing against him/it je n'ai rien contre lui/contre* * *[ə'geɪnst, ə'genst]Note: against is translated by contre when it means physically touching or in opposition to: against the wall = contre le mur; he's against independence = il est contre l'indépendance; the fight against inflation = la lutte contre l'inflationIf you have any doubts about how to translate a fixed phrase or expression beginning with against ( against the tide, against the clock, against the grain, against the odds etc) you should consult the appropriate noun entry (tide, grain, odds etc)against often appears in English with certain verbs ( turn against, compete against, discriminate against, stand out against etc). For translations you should consult the appropriate verb entry (turn, compete, discriminate, stand etc)against often appears in English after certain nouns and adjectives ( protection against, a law against, effective against etc). For translations consult the appropriate noun or adjective entry (protection, law, effective etc). For particular usages see below1) ( physically) contre2) ( objecting to)3) ( counter to)to go ou be against — aller à l'encontre de [tradition, policy]; [conditions, decision] ne pas être favorable à [person]
4) ( in opposition to) contre5) ( compared to)the graph shows age against earnings — le graphique représente la courbe des salaires en fonction de l'âge
6) ( in contrast to) sur7) ( in exchange for) contre, en échange de -
87 behind
behind [bɪˈhaɪnd]━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. adverba. ( = in or at the rear) derrière• to follow a long way behind/not far behind suivre de loin/d'assez prèsb. ( = late) en retard2. prepositiona. derrière• what is behind this? qu'y a-t-il là-dessous ?c. ( = responsible for) who was behind the attack? qui est derrière cet attentat ?d. ( = less advanced than) en retard sur3. noun* * *Note: When used as a preposition to talk about the physical position of something, behind is translated by derrière: behind the house = derrière la maisonbehind is sometimes used in verb combinations ( fall behind, lag behind etc). For translations, consult the appropriate verb entry (fall, lag etc)[bɪ'haɪnd] 1.(colloq) noun derrière (colloq) m2.3.to be behind with — avoir du retard dans [studies, work]
adverb [follow on, trail] derrière; [look, glance] en arrière4.1) derrièrebehind my back — fig derrière mon dos
to be behind the others — [pupil] être en retard par rapport aux autres
2) fig ( motivating)the reasons behind his declaration — les raisons qui motivent/motivaient sa déclaration
3) fig ( supporting) -
88 between
between [bɪˈtwi:n]a. entre• between now and next week we must... d'ici la semaine prochaine nous devons...• between you and me, he is not very clever entre nous, il n'est pas très intelligentb. (cooperation) they managed to lift the box between them à eux deux, ils sont arrivés à soulever la caisse* * *Note: When between is used as a preposition expressing physical location ( between the lines), time ( between 8 am and 11 am), position in a range ( between 30 and 40 kilometres), relationship ( link between, difference between) it is translated by entre. For particular usages, see the entry below[bɪ'twiːn] 1.1) (in time, space etc) entrebetween the ages of 12 and 18 — entre l'âge de 12 ans et l'âge de 18 ans or entre 12 et 18 ans
it costs between £10 and £20 — cela coûte entre dix et vingt livres sterling
nothing now stands between us and success — rien ne peut plus faire obstacle à notre réussite maintenant
2) (together, in combination)the couples have seven children between them — à eux tous, les couples ont sept enfants
2.between them, they collected £200 — en tout, ils ont réuni 200 livres sterling
adverb (also in between) ( in space) au milieu, entre les deux; ( in time) dans l'intervalle, entre les deuxthe two main roads and the streets (in) between — les deux rues principales et les petites rues situées entre elles or et les petites rues au milieu
••between ourselves —
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89 course
course [kɔ:s]1. noun• did he do it? -- of course/of course not! est-ce qu'il l'a fait ? -- bien sûr/bien sûr que non !• can I take it? -- of course! est-ce que je peux le prendre ? -- bien sûr !• do you love him? -- of course I do/of course I don't! tu l'aimes ? -- bien sûr/bien sûr que non !b. [of life, events, time] cours m• to get back on course [ship] reprendre son capd. ( = lessons) cours mf. [of meal] plat m• first course entrée fg. [of injections] série f[water] couler à flots3. compounds━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━‼|/b] [b]course is not always translated by cours.* * *[kɔːs] 1.1) ( progression) (of time, event, history) cours m (of de)to run ou take its course — suivre son cours
2) ( route) cours m; (of boat, plane) cap mto be on course — Aviation, Nautical tenir le cap
to go off course — [ship, government] dévier de son cap
to change course — gen, lit changer de direction; Aviation, Nautical, fig changer de cap
3) School, University cours m (in en; of de)French course — cours m de français
beginners' course — cours m pour débutants
a course of study — School programme m scolaire; University cursus m universitaire
to go on ou be on a course — (aller) suivre un cours
4) Medicineto stay the course — lit finir la course; fig tenir bon
6) ( part of meal) plat m2.five-course meal — repas m de cinq plats
1) ( gush) couler2) Sport3.of course adverbial phrase bien sûr, évidemmentof course I do! — ( confirming suggestion) bien sûr que oui!; ( refuting allegation) bien sûr que si!
‘did you lock the door?’ - ‘of course I did!’ — ‘tu as fermé la porte à clé?’ - ‘mais oui, enfin!’
‘you didn't believe him?’ - ‘of course not!’ — ‘tu ne l'as pas cru?’ - ‘mais non, voyons!’
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90 from
from [frɒm]a. de• where are you from? d'où êtes-vous (originaire) ?• he took/stole it from them il le leur a pris/volé• he went from office boy to director in five years de garçon de bureau, il est passé directeur en cinq ans• from her childhood onwards... dès son enfance...c. (used with prices, numbers) à partir de• wine from 10 euros a bottle vins à partir de 10 € la bouteilled. (source) to drink from a stream/a glass boire à un ruisseau/dans un verree. (cause, reason) he died from his injuries il est mort des suites de ses blessures• from what I heard... d'après ce que j'ai entendu...• from what I can see... à ce que je vois...• from the look of things... à en juger par les apparences...* * *[frəm, frɒm]Note: When from is used as a straightforward preposition in English it is translated by de in French: from Rome = de Rome; from the sea = de la mer; from Lisa = de Lisa. Remember that de + le always becomes du: from the office = du bureau, and de + les always becomes des: from the United States = des États-Unisfrom is often used after verbs in English ( suffer from, benefit from etc). For translations, consult the appropriate verb entry (suffer, benefit etc)from is used after certain nouns and adjectives in English ( shelter from, exemption from, free from, safe from etc). For translations, consult the appropriate noun or adjective entry (shelter, exemption, free, safe etc)This dictionary contains usage notes on such topics as nationalities, countries and continents, provinces and regions. Many of these use the preposition from. For the index to these notesFor examples of the above and particular usages of from, see the entry belowwhere is he from? — d'où est-il?, d'où vient-il?
2) ( expressing distance)3) ( expressing time span)one month from now — dans un mois, d'ici un mois
4) ( using as a basis)5) ( working for)6) ( among)to select ou choose ou pick from — choisir parmi
7) ( indicating a source)8) (expressing extent, range)wine from £5 a bottle — du vin à partir de 5 livres la bouteille
to rise from 10 to 17% — passer de 10 à 17%
everything from paperclips to wigs — tout, des trombones aux perruques
9) ( in subtraction)10) (because of, due to)11) ( judging by) d'aprèsfrom the way he talks you'd think he was an expert — à l'entendre, on dirait un spécialiste
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91 half
half [hα:f](plural halves)1. nouna. (of one whole) moitié f• nearly half of all marriages end in divorce près de la moitié des mariages se terminent par un divorce• 100 employees, half of whom are part-time 100 employés, dont la moitié sont à temps partielb. (in numbers, calculations) demi m• to cut sth in half [+ object] couper qch en deux ; [+ costs, prices, workforce] réduire qch de moitiéc. ( = part of match) mi-temps f• the first/second half la première/seconde mi-temps2. adjective3. adverba. ( = 50%) a mixture of half milk, half cream un mélange moitié lait moitié crème• a PC costs half as much again in Europe as in America les PC coûtent une fois et demie plus cher en Europe qu'en Amériqueb. ( = partially) à moitié• half angry, half amused mi-fâché, mi-amuséc. ( = almost) un peu• I'm half afraid that... j'ai un peu peur que... ne + subj• I half suspect that... je soupçonne que...• not half! tu parles ! (inf)• what time is it? -- half past quelle heure est-il ? -- la demie4. compounds━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━(US) ( = milk and cream) mélange mi-crème mi-lait• it took half-an-hour ça a pris une demi-heure ► half-baked adjective [plan, idea] à la noix (inf) ; [attempt] maladroit• to have a half-day (holiday) avoir une demi-journée (de congé) ► half-dead adjective à moitié mort• the clock struck the half-hour l'horloge a sonné la demie adjective [wait] d'une demi-heure ► half-life noun demi-vie f• there are no half measures with him il ne fait jamais les choses à moitié ► half-moon noun demi-lune f• children are admitted half price les enfants paient demi-tarif adjective• tickets are half price this week les billets sont à moitié prix cette semaine ► half-sister noun demi-sœur f• at half time à la mi-temps adjective• half-time score score m à la mi-temps ► half-truth noun demi-vérité f* * *[hɑːf], US [hæf] 1.1) ( one of two parts) moitié f2) ( fraction) demi m5) (colloq) GB ( half pint) demi-pinte f6) GB ( half fare) demi-tarif m2.3.a half-litre —
1) (50%) moitié fthat was a meal and a half! — (colloq) ça a été un sacré repas! (colloq)
2) ( in time) demi/-e m/fhalf past two — GB
4.half two — (colloq) deux heures et demie
1) à moitiéhalf as much money/as many people — moitié moins d'argent/de personnes
I was half hoping that... — j'espérais presque que...
2) (colloq) ( in phrases)not half old — pas jeune iron
he wasn't half surprised — (colloq) il était drôlement (colloq) surpris
it doesn't half stink! — (colloq) ça pue drôlement! (colloq)
not half! — (colloq) et comment!
not half bad — (colloq) pas mauvais or mal du tout
••half a minute ou second ou tick (colloq) GB ou mo (colloq) — une petite minute, un instant
one's better ou other half — sa (douce) moitié
too clever by half — (colloq) un peu trop malin/-igne
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92 IN
in [ɪn]━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. preposition2. adverb3. adjective4. plural noun5. compounds━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. preposition━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► When in is an element in a phrasal verb, eg ask in, fill in, look up the verb. When it is part of a set combination, eg in danger, weak in, look up the other word.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► in it/them ( = inside it, inside them) dedans• our bags were stolen, and our passports were in them on nous a volé nos sacs et nos passeports étaient dedansb. (people, animals, plants) chez► in + feminine countries, regions, islands en━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Feminine countries usually end in -e.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► en is also used with masculine countries beginning with a vowel or silent h.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► in + masculine country au• in Japan/Kuwait au Japon/Koweït━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Note also the following:━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► in + plural country/group of islands aux━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━e. (month, year, season) en• in summer/autumn/winter en été/automne/hiver━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━f. ( = wearing) eng. (language, medium, material) en• in marble/velvet en marbre/veloursj. ( = while) en• in trying to save her he fell into the water himself en essayant de la sauver, il est tombé à l'eau2. adverba. ( = inside) à l'intérieur• she opened the door and they all rushed in elle a ouvert la porte et ils se sont tous précipités à l'intérieur━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━b. (at home, work)━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• you're never in! tu n'es jamais chez toi !• is Paul in? est-ce que Paul est là ?━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► to be in may require a more specific translation.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► in between + noun/pronoun entre• he positioned himself in between the two weakest players il s'est placé entre les deux joueurs les plus faibles• in between adventures, he finds time for... entre deux aventures, il trouve le temps de...► to be in for sth ( = be threatened with)• you don't know what you're in for! (inf) tu ne sais pas ce qui t'attend !• he's in for it! (inf) il va en prendre pour son grade ! (inf)► to be in on sth (inf) ( = know about)the new treatment is preferable in that... le nouveau traitement est préférable car...► to be well in with sb (inf) être dans les petits papiers de qn (inf)3. adjective• it's the in thing to... c'est très à la mode de...4. plural noun5. compounds• to have in-service training faire un stage d'initiation ► in-store adjective [detective] employé par le magasin* * *US Postal services abrév écrite = Indiana -
93 mine
I.mine1 [maɪn]• which dress do you prefer, hers or mine? quelle robe préférez-vous, la sienne ou la mienne ?• I think that cousin of mine is responsible (inf) je pense que c'est mon cousin qui est responsableII.mine2 [maɪn]1. nounmine fa. [+ coal] extraireb. [+ sea, beach] miner* * *Note: In French, pronouns reflect the gender and number of the noun they are standing for. So mine is translated by le mien, la mienne, les miens, les miennes, according to what is being referred to: the blue car is mine = la voiture bleue est la mienne; his children are older than mine = ses enfants sont plus âgés que les miensFor examples and particular usages, see the entry belowI [maɪn]mine's a whisky — (colloq) un whisky pour moi
II 1. [maɪn]that brother of mine — gen mon frère; péj mon imbécile de frère (colloq)
1) lit, fig mine fto work in ou down the mines — travailler dans les mines
2) ( explosive) mine f2.to lay a mine — ( on land) poser une mine; ( in sea) mouiller une mine
transitive verb1) extraire [gems, mineral]; exploiter [area]2) Military miner [area]3.intransitive verb exploiter un gisementto mine for — extraire [gems, mineral]
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94 occupation
occupation [‚ɒkjʊˈpeɪ∫ən]a. ( = trade) métier m ; ( = profession) profession f ; ( = work) emploi m ; ( = activity, pastime) occupation f• "occupation: teacher" « occupation: professeur »b. [of house] occupation fc. (by army) occupation f━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━‼|/b] [b]occupation is not always translated by the French word occupation.* * *[ˌɒkjʊ'peɪʃn]1) ( of house)to take up occupation — s'installer (of dans)
2) Military, Politics occupation f (de of)3) ( job) ( trade) métier m; ( profession) profession f4) ( leisure activity) occupation f -
95 or
or [ɔ:r]• red or black? rouge ou noir ?• do it or else! (inf) fais-le, sinon (tu vas voir) !* * *[ɔː(r)]Note: In most uses or is translated by ou. There are two exceptions to thisWhen used to link alternatives after a negative verb ( I can't come today or tomorrow). For translations see 2 belowWhen used to indicate consequence ( be careful or you'll cut yourself) or explanation ( it can't be serious or she'd have called us) the translation is sinon: fais attention sinon tu vas te couper; ça ne peut pas être grave sinon elle nous aurait appelés. See 5 and below1) ( linking two or more alternatives) oucar or no car, you've got to get to work — voiture ou pas, il faut que tu ailles travailler
3) (indicating approximation, vagueness) ou4) (introducing qualification, correction, explanation) ou5) (indicating consequence: otherwise) sinon, autrementdo as you're told - or else! — (colloq) fais ce qu'on te dit - sinon (gare (colloq) à toi)!
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96 what
what [wɒt]━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. adjective2. pronoun3. compounds━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. adjective• what time is it? quelle heure est-il ?• what flavours do you want? quels parfums voulez-vous ?• what subjects did you choose? quelles matières as-tu choisies ?b. ( = all the) I gave him what money I had je lui ai donné tout l'argent que j'avais• I will give you what information we have je vais vous donner toutes les informations dont nous disposonsc. (exclamations) what a nice surprise! quelle bonne surprise !• what a ridiculous suggestion! quelle suggestion ridicule !• what a nightmare! quel cauchemar !• what a nuisance! quelle barbe ! (inf)• what a lot of people! que de monde !• what lovely hair you've got! quels jolis cheveux tu as !2. pronouna. (used alone, or in emphatic position) quoi• what? I didn't get that quoi ? je n'ai pas compris• I've forgotten something -- what? j'ai oublié quelque chose -- quoi ?• he's getting married -- what! il se marie -- quoi !• what! you expect me to believe that! quoi ! et tu penses que je vais croire ça !━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► quoi is used with a preposition, if the French verb requires one.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• I've just thought of something -- what? je viens de penser à quelque chose -- à quoi ?• I've just remembered something -- what? je viens de me souvenir de quelque chose -- de quoi ?• what's happened? qu'est-ce qui s'est passé ?• what's bothering you? qu'est-ce qui te préoccupe ?• what's for dinner? qu'est-ce qu'il y a pour dîner ?• what is his address? quelle est son adresse ?• what's the French for "pen"? comment dit-on « pen » en français ?• what is this called? comment ça s'appelle ?━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► When asking for a definition or explanation, c'est quoi is often used in spoken French.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• what are capers? c'est quoi, les câpres ?• what's that noise? c'est quoi, ce bruit ?━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► The object pronoun que is more formal than qu'est-ce que and requires inversion of verb and pronoun.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• what did you do? qu'avez-vous fait ?• what can we do? qu'est-ce qu'on peut faire ? que peut-on faire ?━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► The French preposition cannot be separated from the pronoun.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• what does he owe his success to? à quoi doit-il son succès ?• what were you talking about? de quoi parliez-vous ?• what's the best time to call? quel est le meilleur moment pour vous joindre ?• what are the advantages? quels sont les avantages ?e. ( = how much) combien• what will it cost? ça va coûter combien ?• what does it weigh? ça pèse combien ?• what do 2 and 2 make? combien font 2 et 2 ?• what does it matter? qu'est-ce que ça peut bien faire ?━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━g. (in relative clauses) ( = that which) (subject of verb) ce qui ; (object of verb) ce que ; (object of verb taking "de") ce dont ; (object of verb taking "à") ce à quoi• what I don't understand is... ce que je ne comprends pas c'est...• what I need is... ce dont j'ai besoin c'est...━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► When what means the ones which, the French pronoun is generally plural.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► and what...are you coming or what? tu viens ou quoi ? (inf)tell you what, let's stay here another day j'ai une idée: si on restait un jour de plus ?► what about• what about people who haven't got cars? et les gens qui n'ont pas de voiture ?• what about going to the cinema? si on allait au cinéma ?► what for? pourquoi ?• what did you do that for? pourquoi avez-vous fait ça ?• what if this doesn't work out? et si ça ne marchait pas ?• what if he says no? et s'il refuse ?► what of• but what of the country's political leaders? et les dirigeants politiques du pays ?• I've done this job long enough to know what's what je fais ce travail depuis assez longtemps pour savoir de quoi il retourne► what with• what with the stress and lack of sleep, I was in a terrible state entre le stress et le manque de sommeil, j'étais dans un état lamentable3. compounds* * *[wɒt], US [hwɒt] 1.1) ( what exactly) ( as subject) qu'est-ce qui; ( as object) que, qu'est-ce que; ( with prepositions) quoiwhat for? — ( why) pourquoi?; ( concerning what) à propos de quoi?
what's this called in Flemish? —
2) ( in rhetorical questions)what's the use? — ( enquiringly) à quoi bon?; ( exasperatedly) à quoi ça sert?
3) ( whatever)4) ( in clauses) ( as subject) ce qui; ( as object) ce que, (before vowel) ce qu'this is what is called a ‘monocle’ — c'est ce qu'on appelle un ‘monocle’
and what's worse ou better — et en plus
5) (colloq) ( when guessing)it'll cost, what, £50 — ça coutera, quoi, dans les 50 livres?
6) ( inviting repetition)2.what's that? —
1) ( which) quel/quelle/quels/quelles2) ( in exclamations) quel/quellewhat use is that? — lit, fig à quoi ça sert?
3) ( the amount of)what money he earns he spends — tout ce qu'il gagne, il le dépense
3.what little she has — le peu qu'elle a, tout ce qu'elle a
what about prepositional phrase1) ( when drawing attention)what about the letter they sent? — et la lettre qu'ils ont envoyée, alors?
2) ( when making suggestion)3) ( in reply)4.‘what about your sister?’ - ‘what about her?’ — ‘et ta sœur?’ - ‘quoi ma sœur?’
what if prepositional phrase et si5.what with prepositional phrase6.exclamation quoi!, comment!••to give somebody what for — (colloq) GB passer un savon (colloq) à quelqu'un
well, what do you know — iron tout arrive
what do you think I am! — (colloq) tu me prends pour quoi!
what's it to you? — (colloq) en quoi ça vous regarde?
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97 from
please get me that letter \from the table gib mir bitte den Brief von dem Tisch;( out of) aus +dat;he took a handkerchief \from his pocket er nahm ein Taschentuch aus seiner Hosentasche after vbI'm so happy that the baby eats \from the table already ich bin so froh, dass das Baby jetzt schon am Tisch isstyou can see the island \from here von hier aus kann man die Insel sehen; ( fig)she was talking \from her own experience of the problem sie sprach aus eigener Erfahrung mit dem Problem;\from sb's point of view aus jds Sichtthe wind comes \from the north der Wind kommt von Norden;a flight leaving \from the nearest airport ein Flug vom nächstgelegenen Flughafen after nthe flight \from Amsterdam der Flug von Amsterdam;the water bubbled out \from the spring das Wasser sprudelte aus der Quelle;my dad goes often \from Washington to Florida mein Vater reist oft von Washington nach Florida;the woman walked \from room to room die Frau lief vom einen Raum in den anderenthe price will rise by 3p a litre \from tomorrow der Preis steigt ab morgen um 3 Pence pro Liter;\from the thirteenth century aus dem dreizehnten Jahrhundert;the show will run \from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. die Show dauert von 10.00 Uhr bis 14.00 Uhr;\from start to finish vom Anfang bis zum Ende;\from day to day von Tag zu Tag, täglich;her strength improved steadily \from day to day sie wurden jeden Tag ein bisschen stärker;\from hour to hour von Stunde zu Stunde, stündlich;\from time to time von Zeit zu Zeit, ab und zu;they were friends \from that day on seit diesem Tag sind sie Freunde;\from now/ then on von da an, seither;as \from 1 January, a free market will be created ab dem 1. Januar haben wir einen freien Marktprices start \from £2.99 die Preise beginnen bei 2,99 Pfund;the number has risen \from 25 to 200 in three years die Anzahl ist in drei Jahren von 25 auf 200 gestiegen;she translated into German \from the Latin text sie übersetzte aus dem Lateinischen ins Deutsche;things went \from bad to worse die Situation wurde noch schlimmer;\from strength to strength immer besser;she has gone \from strength to strength sie eilte von Erfolg zu Erfolg;tickets will cost \from $10 to $45 die Karten kosten zwischen $10 und $45;\from soup to nuts alles zusammen;the whole dinner, \from soup to nuts, costs $55 das ganze Essen mit allem drum und dran kostet $55;anything \from geography to history alles von A bis Zwe're about a mile \from home wir sind ca. eine Meile von zu Hause entfernt;a day's walk \from her camping spot eine Tageswanderung von ihrem Zeltplatz;it's about two kilometres \from the airport to your hotel der Flughafen ist rund zwei Kilometer vom Hotel entfernt7) ( originating in)\from sth aus +dat;though \from working-class parents, he made it to the Fortune 500 list obwohl er als Arbeiterkind aufwuchs, ist er heute unter den 500 Reichsten der Welt;my mother is \from France meine Mutter stammt aus Frankreich;I'm \from New York ich komme aus New York;daylight comes \from the sun das Tageslicht kommt von der Sonnehe hasn't returned \from work yet er ist noch nicht von der Arbeit zurück;she called him \from the hotel sie rief mich aus dem Hotel an after adjthey're here fresh \from the States sie sind gerade aus den USA angekommen after nhis return \from the army was celebrated seine Rückkehr aus der Armee wurde gefeiert;sb \from sth von +dat;they sent someone \from the local newspaper sie schickten jemanden von der örtlichen Zeitungcan I borrow $10 \from you? kann ich mir 10 Dollar von dir leihen?;the vegetables come \from an organic farm das Gemüse kommt von einem Biobauernhof after nsth \from sb [to sb/sth] etw von jdm (für jdn/etw);I wonder who this card is \from ich frage mich, von wem wohl diese Karte ist;this is a present \from me to you das ist ein Geschenk von mir für dich\from sth aus etw dat;the seats are made \from leather die Sitze sind aus Leder after nin America, most people buy toys \from plastic in Amerika kaufen die meisten Leute Spielzeug aus Plastikto extract usable fuel \from crude oil verwertbaren Brennstoff aus Rohöl gewinnen;they took the child \from its parents sie nahmen das Kind von seinen Eltern weg after adjhe knows right \from wrong er kann gut und böse unterscheiden;three \from sixteen is thirteen sechzehn minus drei ist dreizehnto conclude \from the evidence that aufgrund des Beweismaterials zu dem Schluss kommen, dass;to make a conclusion from sth wegen etw gen zu einem Schluss kommen;information obtained \from papers and books Informationen aus Zeitungen und Büchern;\from looking at the clouds, I would say it's going to rain wenn ich mir die Wolken so ansehe, würde ich sagen, es wird Regen gebenhe died \from his injuries er starb an seinen Verletzungen;she suffers \from arthritis sie leidet unter Arthritis;to do sth \from sth etw aus etw dat tun;he did it \from jealousy er hat es aus Eifersucht getan;to do sth \from doing sth etw durch etw akk tun;she made her fortune \from investing in property sie hat ihr Vermögen durch Investitionen in Grundstücke gemacht after adjto reduce the risk \from radiation das Risiko einer Verstrahlung reduzieren;they got a lot of happiness \from hearing the news sie haben sich über die Neuigkeiten unheimlich gefreutto guard sb \from sth jdn vor etw dat schützen;they insulated their house \from the cold sie dämmten ihr Haus gegen die Kälte after nthey found shelter \from the storm sie fanden Schutz vor dem Sturmthe truth was kept \from the public die Wahrheit wurde vor der Öffentlichkeit geheim gehalten;the bank loan saved her company \from bankruptcy das Bankdarlehen rettete die Firma vor der Pleite;he saved him \from death er rettete ihm das Leben;he has been banned \from driving for six months er darf sechs Monate lang nicht Auto fahren;\from doing sth von etw dat;he boss tried to discourage her \from looking for a new job ihr Chef versuchte, sie davon abzubringen, nach einem neuen Job zu suchenconditions vary \from one employer to another die Bedingungen sind von Arbeitgeber zu Arbeitgeber unterschiedlich;he knows his friends \from his enemies er kann seine Freunde von seinen Feinden unterscheiden after adjhis opinion could hardly be more different \from mine unsere Meinungen können kaum noch unterschiedlicher seinPHRASES:\from the bottom of one's heart aus tiefstem Herzen -
98 into
[ʼɪntə, -tu] preplet's go \into town lass uns in die Stadt gehen;put the jar back \into the cupboard stell' das Glas zurück in den Schrank;to put sth \into place etw auf/an seinen Platz stellen/legenguess who I bumped \into the other day rate mal, wem ich kürzlich über den Weg gelaufen bin;I ran \into one today by chance so I bought it ich habe heute zufällig eines gesehen und da habe ich es gekauft;she looked \into the mirror sie sah in den Spiegelsometimes we work late \into the evening manchmal arbeiten wir bis spät in den Abend;production should continue \into 2010 die Produktion sollte bis ins Jahr 2010 andauernto be \into sth/sb an etw/jdm interessiert sein;I'm \into photography ich interessiere mich für Fotografie;she's really \into her new job sie geht völlig in ihrer neuen Arbeit auf;what sort of music are you \into? auf welche Art von Musik stehst du?I'll look \into the matter as soon as possible ich kümmere mich sobald als möglich um die Angelegenheit;don't delve \into other people's problems unasked misch' dich nicht ungebeten in anderer Leute Probleme ein;he got \into some trouble er bekam einige Schwierigkeiten;I've gotten \into a difficult situation ich bin in eine schwierige Situation geraten;they decided to go \into teaching sie beschlossen in den Lehrberuf zu gehenthey tried to talk their father \into buying them bikes sie versuchten ihren Vater dazu zu überreden, ihnen Fahrräder zu kaufen;the dog frightened her \into running away der Hund machte ihr solche Angst, dass sie wegrannteher novels have been translated \into nineteen languages ihre Romane sind in neunzehn Sprachen übersetzt worden;caterpillars metamorphose \into butterflies Raupen verwandeln sich in Schmetterlinge9) ( begin)to burst \into sth;the crowd burst \into screams die Menge brach in Geschrei aus;she burst \into tears sie brach in Tränen austo get \into sth;I can't get \into these trousers anymore ich komme nicht mehr in diese Hose reinchop it \into small cubes schneide es in kleine Würfel;two goes \into five two and a half times die Zwei geht zweieinhalb Mal in die Fünf -
99 should, ought to, must
1)а) Модальные глаголы should и ought to употребляются при сообщении о том, что нечто следует делать, указывают на моральный долг или обязанность. Глаголы should и ought to часто используются в советах, рекомендациях и инструкциях.You should/ought to answer her letter — Тебе следует (нужно) ответить на ее письмо.
You shouldn't/oughtn't to run so quickly — Не стоит бежать так быстро.
Children should/ought to be polite — Дети должны быть вежливыми.
Law should/ought to prohibit only actions hurtful to Society — Закон должен препятствовать совершению только таких действий, которые вредны для общества.
б) Модальные глаголы should и ought to могут также указывать на то, что нечто, по мнению говорящего, происходит в настоящем или будет происходить в будущем."Can I have an apple?" "There should/ought to be some in the fridge" — Можно мне яблоко? - Да. Несколько яблок должно лежать в холодильнике.
John should/ought to know her address — Джон должен бы знать ее адрес.
You should/ought to be able to see her — Вы должны будете увидеть ее (=Вы, скорее всего, увидите ее).
2)а) Конструкция should/ought to + perf. infinitive может указывать на то, что некто обязан был сделать нечто, но не сделал этого, либо на то, что нечто должно было произойти в прошлом, но не произошло.You should/ought to have done the work. Why didn't you?— Ты должен был выполнить эту работу. Почему ты этого не сделал?
He should/ought to have been home long ago. Where is he? — Он уже давно должен был быть дома (Ему уже давно следовало быть дома). Где он?
б) Конструкция should/ought to + perf. infinitive может также указывать на ожидания говорящего относительно того, что нечто будет завершено к некоторому моменту времени в будущем.I should/ought to have translated the book by the end of the month — Я должен перевести (я скорее всего переведу) книгу к концу месяца.
в) Употребление конструкции shouldn't/oughtn't to + perf. infinitive подразумевает, что нечто, чего не следовало делать, было сделано.You shouldn't/oughtn't to have invited him — Не нужно вам было приглашать его (но вы его пригласили).
3) Сравнительное употребление модальных глаголов should, ought to и must:а) Глагол must часто используется в приказах, предписаниях, которые должны быть выполнены во что бы то ни стало. Глаголы should и ought to используются, скорее, в советах.б) Использование глаголов should и ought to в предположениях о том, что что-либо имеет место, выражает более низкую степень уверенности говорящего в истинности своего мнения, чем при употреблении глагола must.They should/ought to be working now — Они должны бы были сейчас работать (Но, может быть, не работают).
в) В логических заключениях и выводах используется глагол must, но не глаголы should и ought to.She looks glad: she must really enjoy the party — Она выглядит довольной: должно быть, ей нравится эта вечеринка.
4) Об употреблениях глагола should, в которых его нельзя заменить на глагол ought to, см. статью should в словаре LingvoUniversal.•— О других модальных глаголах и конструкциях, выражающих долженствование см. must, have to, have got to, be to
— О must в отрицательной форме см. needn't, don't need to, don't have to, mustn't
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100 Venturespeak
фин. жаргон венчуристов* (жаргон, принятый среди специалистов венчурного (рискового) финансирования; список терминов и их значений (преимущественно юмористических), предназначенный помочь каждому новичку разобраться в мире венчурных капиталистов, а также юристов и бухгалтеров)If you don't have the absolute confidence that it will work (translated into venturespeak: you think there is too much risk), then it will be difficult to convince others to write a check. — Если у вас нет абсолютной уверенности в том, что это сработает (переводя с жаргона венчуристов: вы предполагаете, что существует значительный риск), то будет трудно убедить остальных выписать чек.
See:The new English-Russian dictionary of financial markets > Venturespeak
См. также в других словарях:
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