to+arrive

praestō (old collat. form praestū, acc. to Curtius Valerianus in Cassiod. p. 2289 P.: qui praestu sunt, Inscr. Carina Via Appia, 1, p. 217. In later time as adj.: prae-stus, a, um:

bonorum officio praestus fui,

Inscr. Grut. 669, 4), adv. [dat. from praestus, a sup. form from prae, so that praesto esse alicui = to be or stand in the foremost place for or as respects one], at hand, ready, present, here; usually with esse (very freq. and class.).

Lit.:

ni tua propitia pax foret praesto,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 18: sed ubi est frater? Chaer. Praesto adest, Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 20; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 120; so Att. Tr. 498:

quod adest praesto in primis placet,

Lucr. 5, 1412; Lact. 3, 7, 10:

sacrificiis omnibus praesto adesse,

id. 2, 16, 10;

more freq., praesto esse: ibi mihi praesto fuit L. Lucilius,

Cic. Fam. 3, 5, 1:

togulae lictoribus ad portam praesto fuerunt,

id. Pis. 23, 55:

tibi nulla fuit clementia praesto?

hadst thou no compassion? Cat. 64, 137: praesto esse, to arrive, appear:

hirundines aestivo tempore praesto sunt,

Auct. Her. 4, 48, 61.—Without esse ( poet.):

era, eccum praesto militem,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 1:

ipsum adeo praesto video,

Ter. And. 2, 5, 4; Stat. Th. 6, 643.—

In partic: praesto esse or adire

To be at hand, to attend or wait upon, to serve, aid:

ero meo ut omnibus locis sine praesto,

Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 26:

jus civile didicit, praesto multis fuit,

Cic. Mur. 9, 19:

praesto esse clientem tuum?

id. Att. 10, 8, 3:

saluti tuae praesto esse, praesto esse virtutes ut ancillulas,

id. Fin. 2, 21, 69; id. Fam. 4, 14, 4:

ut ad omnia, quae tui velint, ita assim praesto, ut, etc.,

id. ib. 4, 8, 1; id. Att. 4, 12, 1 fin.;

also with videor,

id. ib. 4, 12, 1 fin. —With adire:

pauper erit praesto semper tibi, pauper adibit primus,

will be at hand, at your service, Tib. 1, 5, 61.—

With esse, to present one's self in a hostile manner, to resist, oppose:

si quis mihi praesto fuerit cum armatis hominibus,

Cic. Caecin. 30, 87:

quaestores cum fascibus mihi praesto fuerunt,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 11.

prae-sto, ĭti (post-class. also praestāvi), ātum or ĭtum, 1, v. n. and a.

Neutr., to stand before or in front.

Lit.:

dum primae praestant acies,

Luc. 4, 30.—

Trop., to stand out, be superior, to distinguish one's self, to be excellent, distinguished, admirable; constr. alicui aliquā re, alicui rei, in aliquā re, or absol. (class.):

cum virtute omnibus praestarent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3:

quantum praestiterint nostri majores prudentiā ceteris gentibus,

Cic. de Or. 1, 44, 192:

quā re homines bestiis praestent,

id. Inv. 1, 4, 5:

hoc praestat amicitia propinquitati, quod, etc.,

id. Lael. 5, 19:

Zeuxin muliebri in corpore pingendo plurimum aliis praestare,

id. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

ceteris,

id. Ac. 1, 4, 16:

suos inter aequales longe praestitit,

id. Brut. 64, 230:

omnes homines, qui sese student praestare ceteris animalibus,

Sall. C. 1, 1:

praestare honestam mortem existimans turpi vitae,

Nep. Chabr. 4, 3:

quantum ceteris praestet Lucretia,

Liv. 1, 57, 7:

cernere, quantum eques Latinus Romano praestet,

id. 8, 7, 7:

quantum vel vir viro vel gens genti praestat!

id. 31, 7, 8:

genere militum praestare tironibus,

id. 42, 52, 10:

tantum Romana in bellis gloria ceteris praestat,

Quint. 1, 10, 14:

qui eloquentiā ceteris praestet,

id. 2, 3, 5; 2, 16, 17; Curt. 8, 14, 13; Just. 18, 3, 14; 28, 2, 11; 44, 3, 9:

sacro, quod praestat, peracto,

Juv. 12, 86:

probro atque petulantiā maxume praestabant,

were pre-eminent, distinguished themselves, Sall. C. 37, 5:

truculentiā caeli praestat Germania,

Tac. A. 2, 24:

cur alias aliis praestare videmus Pondere res rebus?

Lucr. 1, 358.—

Praestat, with a subjectclause, it is preferable or better:

nimio impendiosum praestat te, quam ingratum dicier,

it is much better, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 2, 12:

mori milies praestitit, quam haec pati,

it was better, Cic. Att. 14, 9, 2:

praestare dicunt, Gallorum quam Romanorum imperia perferre,

it is better, Caes. B. G. 1, 17:

motos praestat componere fluctus,

Verg. A. 1, 135; 3, 429; 6, 39.

To surpass, outstrip, exceed, [p. 1431] excel (not in Cic. or Cæs.; constr. usually aliquem aliquā re): qui primus in alterutrā re praestet alios, Varr. ap. Non. 502, 23; Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 10; 3, 1, 3:

quantum Galli virtute ceteros mortales praestarent,

Liv. 5, 36, 4:

qui belli gloriā Gallos omnes Belgasque praestabant,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 6:

praestate virtute peditem, ut honore atque ordine praestatis,

Liv. 3, 61, 7:

ut vetustate et gradu honoris nos praestent,

id. 7, 30, 4; 34, 34, 14; 37, 30, 2:

praestat ingenio alius alium,

Quint. 1, 1, 3; Val. Max. 3, 2, 21; 3, 2, ext. 7;

7, 2, 17: honore ceteros,

Nep. Att. 18, 5; 3, 3; id. Reg. 3, 5:

imperatores prudentiā,

id. Hann. 1, 1:

eloquentiā omnes eo tempore,

id. Epam. 6, 1.—Only aliquem, Stat. Th. 4, 838.—

To become surety for, to answer or vouch for, to warrant, be responsible for, to take upon one's self, etc. (class.):

ut omnes ministros imperii tui rei publicae praestare videare,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 3:

quem tamen ego praestare non poteram,

id. Att. 6, 3, 5:

quanto magis arduum est alios praestare quam se, tanto laudabilius,

Plin. Pan. 83:

communem incertumque casum neque vitare quisquam nostrum, nec praestare ullo pacto potest,

Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3: simus eā mente ut nihil in vitā nobis praestandum praeter culpam putemus, that we need only answer for guilt, i. e. keep ourselves clear of guilt, id. ib. 6, 1, 4:

impetus populi praestare nemo potest,

no one can be held to answer for the outbreaks of the people, id. de Or. 2, 28, 124:

periculum judicii,

id. Mur. 2, 3:

damnum alicui,

id. Off. 3, 16:

invidiam,

id. Sest. 28, 61:

nihil,

to be responsible for nothing, id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3; cf. in pass.:

cum id, quod ab homine non potuerit praestari, evenerit,

what none could vouch for that it would not happen, id. Tusc. 3, 16, 34. —With ab aliquā re:

ego tibi a vi praestare nihil possum,

Cic. Fam. 1, 4, 3.—With de:

quod de te sperare, de me praestare possum,

Cic. Fam. 4, 15, 2.—With an objectclause:

quis potest praestare, semper sapientem beatum fore, cum, etc.?

Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 29; cf.:

(praedones) nullos fore, quis praestare poterat?

id. Fl. 12, 28:

meliorem praesto magistro Discipulum,

Juv. 14, 212.—With ut:

illius lacrimae praestant ut veniam culpae non abnuat Osiris,

Juv. 6, 539.—

In gen., to fulfil, discharge, maintain, perform, execute:

arbitramur nos ea praestitisse, quae ratio et doctrina praescripserit,

Cic. N. D. 1, 3, 7:

ultima exspectato, quae ego tibi et jucunda et honesta praestabo,

id. Fam. 7, 17, 2:

suum munus,

id. de Or. 2, 9, 38:

hospitii et amicitiae jus officiumque,

id. Fam. 14, 4, 2:

ne quem ejus paeniteret, praestiti,

I took care, exerted myself, Liv. 30, 30; Ov. Tr. 5, 14, 19:

quamcumque ei fidem dederis, ego praestabo,

I will fulfil, keep the promise, Cic. Fam. 5, 11, 2:

fidem alicui,

Liv. 30, 15:

pacem cum iis populus Romanus non ab se tantum, sed ab rege etiam Masinissa praestitit,

maintained, id. 40, 34:

tributa,

to pay, Juv. 3, 188:

annua,

id. 6, 480:

triplicem usuram,

id. 9, 7.— Pass.:

promissum id benignius est ab rege quam praestitum,

Liv. 43, 18, 11:

mea tibi tamen benevolentia fidesque praestabitur,

Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; so,

quibus (victoribus) senatūs fides praestabitur,

id. Phil. 14, 11, 30:

virtus vetat spectare fortunam dum praestetur fides,

id. Div. 2, 37, 79:

ni praestaretur fides publica,

Liv. 2, 28, 7.—

In partic.

To keep, preserve, maintain, retain:

pueri, quibus videmur praestare rem publicam debuisse,

Cic. Att. 10, 4, 5; Ov. M. 11, 748:

omnes socios salvos praestare poteramus,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 18, 55:

mors omnia praestat Vitalem praeter sensum calidumque vaporem,

Lucr. 3, 214. —

To show, exhibit, to prove, evince, manifest:

Pomptinius praestat tibi memoriam benevolentiamque, quam debet,

Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 3:

neque hercule in iis ipsis rebus eam voluntatem, quam exspectaram, praestiterunt,

id. ib. 1, 9, 5:

virtutem,

Caes. B. G. 2, 27:

benevolentiam,

Cic. Att. 11, 1, 1:

consilium suum fidemque,

id. de Or. 3, 33, 134. —With se, to show, prove, or behave one's self as: praesta te eum, qui, etc., show thyself such, as, etc., Cic. Fam. 1, 6, 2:

se incolumem,

Lucr. 3, 220:

se invictum,

Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 104:

teque praesta constanter ad omne Indeclinatae munus amicitiae,

show thyself constant, id. ib. 4, 5, 23:

Victoria nunc quoque se praestet,

show itself, id. ib. 2, 169: sed ne ad illam quidem artissimam innocentiae formulam praestare nos possumus, prove ourselves innocent even according to that rule, Sen. Ira, 2, 28, 1:

juris periti consultatoribus se praestabant,

showed themselves accessible, Dig. 1, 2, 2.— Poet.:

vel magnum praestet Achillem,

should show, prove, approve himself a great Achilles, Verg. A. 11, 438.—

To show, exhibit, manifest:

honorem debitum patri,

Cic. Phil. 9, 5, 12:

fratri pietatem,

id. Brut. 33, 126:

virtutem et diligentiam alicui,

id. Fam. 14, 3, 2:

frequentiam et officium alicui honores petenti,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 50:

obsequium,

Sen. Q. N. 2, 59, 8:

sedulitatem alicui rei,

to apply, Plin. Ep. 3, 18, 6.—

To give, offer, furnish, present, expose:

alicui certam summam pecuniae,

Suet. Dom. 9: cervicem, Sen. ap. Diom. p. 362 P.:

caput fulminibus,

to expose, Luc. 5, 770:

Hiberus praestat nomen terris,

id. 4, 23:

anser praestat ex se pullos atque plumam,

Col. 8, 13:

cum senatui sententiam praestaret,

gave his vote, Cic. Pis. 32, 80:

terga hosti,

to turn one's back to the enemy, to flee, Tac. Agr. 37:

voluptatem perpetuam sapienti,

to assume, Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 89.— Pass.:

pueri, quibus id (biduum) praestabatur,

was devoted, Quint. 1, prooem. § 7; cf.:

corpus, cui omnia olim tamquam servo praestabantur, nunc tamquam domino parantur,

Sen. Ep. 90, 19.—Hence, praestans, antis, P. a., pre-eminent, superior, excellent, distinguished, extraordinary.

In gen. (class.).

Of persons:

omnibus praestans et ingenio et diligentiā,

far surpassing all, Cic. Tusc. 1, 10, 22:

usu et sapientiā praestantes,

noted for their experience and wisdom, Nep. Timoth. 3, 2.— Comp.:

virginibus praestantior omnibus Herse,

superior to all, Ov. M. 2, 724.— Sup.:

in illis artibus praestantissimus,

Cic. de Or. 1, 50, 217:

praestantissimi studio atque doctrinā,

id. Ac. 1, 4, 17.—With gen.:

o praestans animi juvenis,

distinguished for courage, Verg. A. 12, 19:

belli,

Sil. 5, 92:

armorum,

Stat. Th. 1, 605:

praestantissimus sapientiae,

Tac. A. 6, 6.— Poet., with objectclause:

quo non praestantior alter Aere ciere viros,

whom no other excelled in rousing the men, Verg. A. 6, 164.—

Of things, pre-eminent, excellent, remarkable, extraordinary, distinguished:

praestanti corpore Nymphae,

Verg. A. 1, 71:

praestanti corpore tauri,

id. G. 4, 550:

formā,

id. A. 7, 483:

naturā excellens atque praestans,

Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 56:

qui a te tractatus est praestanti et singulari fide,

id. Fam. 3, 10, 3:

praestans prudentiā in omnibus,

Nep. Alc. 5, 1; Cic. Tusc. 5, 13, 38:

quid praestantius mihi potuit accidere?

id. Vatin. 3, 8.—

In partic.

Efficacious:

medicina,

Plin. 13, 24, 47, § 130:

usus praestantior,

id. 18, 13, 34, § 126:

calamus praestantior odore,

id. 12, 22, 48, § 105:

sucus sapore praestantissimus,

id. 15, 1, 2, § 5:

praestantissima auxilia,

id. 27, 13, 120, § 146.—

Sup.:

Praestantissimus,

a title of the later emperors, Nazar. 26; Tert. Cor. Mil. 1.— Hence, adv.: praestanter, excellently, admirably (post-Aug.); sup.:

praestantissime,

Plin. 28, 12, 50, § 186.

praestō (old collat. form praestū, acc. to Curtius Valerianus in Cassiod. p. 2289 P.: qui praestu sunt, Inscr. Carina Via Appia, 1, p. 217. In later time as adj.: prae-stus, a, um:

bonorum officio praestus fui,

Inscr. Grut. 669, 4), adv. [dat. from praestus, a sup. form from prae, so that praesto esse alicui = to be or stand in the foremost place for or as respects one], at hand, ready, present, here; usually with esse (very freq. and class.).

Lit.:

ni tua propitia pax foret praesto,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 18: sed ubi est frater? Chaer. Praesto adest, Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 20; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 120; so Att. Tr. 498:

quod adest praesto in primis placet,

Lucr. 5, 1412; Lact. 3, 7, 10:

sacrificiis omnibus praesto adesse,

id. 2, 16, 10;

more freq., praesto esse: ibi mihi praesto fuit L. Lucilius,

Cic. Fam. 3, 5, 1:

togulae lictoribus ad portam praesto fuerunt,

id. Pis. 23, 55:

tibi nulla fuit clementia praesto?

hadst thou no compassion? Cat. 64, 137: praesto esse, to arrive, appear:

hirundines aestivo tempore praesto sunt,

Auct. Her. 4, 48, 61.—Without esse ( poet.):

era, eccum praesto militem,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 1:

ipsum adeo praesto video,

Ter. And. 2, 5, 4; Stat. Th. 6, 643.—

In partic: praesto esse or adire

To be at hand, to attend or wait upon, to serve, aid:

ero meo ut omnibus locis sine praesto,

Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 26:

jus civile didicit, praesto multis fuit,

Cic. Mur. 9, 19:

praesto esse clientem tuum?

id. Att. 10, 8, 3:

saluti tuae praesto esse, praesto esse virtutes ut ancillulas,

id. Fin. 2, 21, 69; id. Fam. 4, 14, 4:

ut ad omnia, quae tui velint, ita assim praesto, ut, etc.,

id. ib. 4, 8, 1; id. Att. 4, 12, 1 fin.;

also with videor,

id. ib. 4, 12, 1 fin. —With adire:

pauper erit praesto semper tibi, pauper adibit primus,

will be at hand, at your service, Tib. 1, 5, 61.—

With esse, to present one's self in a hostile manner, to resist, oppose:

si quis mihi praesto fuerit cum armatis hominibus,

Cic. Caecin. 30, 87:

quaestores cum fascibus mihi praesto fuerunt,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 11.

prae-sto, ĭti (post-class. also praestāvi), ātum or ĭtum, 1, v. n. and a.

Neutr., to stand before or in front.

Lit.:

dum primae praestant acies,

Luc. 4, 30.—

Trop., to stand out, be superior, to distinguish one's self, to be excellent, distinguished, admirable; constr. alicui aliquā re, alicui rei, in aliquā re, or absol. (class.):

cum virtute omnibus praestarent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3:

quantum praestiterint nostri majores prudentiā ceteris gentibus,

Cic. de Or. 1, 44, 192:

quā re homines bestiis praestent,

id. Inv. 1, 4, 5:

hoc praestat amicitia propinquitati, quod, etc.,

id. Lael. 5, 19:

Zeuxin muliebri in corpore pingendo plurimum aliis praestare,

id. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

ceteris,

id. Ac. 1, 4, 16:

suos inter aequales longe praestitit,

id. Brut. 64, 230:

omnes homines, qui sese student praestare ceteris animalibus,

Sall. C. 1, 1:

praestare honestam mortem existimans turpi vitae,

Nep. Chabr. 4, 3:

quantum ceteris praestet Lucretia,

Liv. 1, 57, 7:

cernere, quantum eques Latinus Romano praestet,

id. 8, 7, 7:

quantum vel vir viro vel gens genti praestat!

id. 31, 7, 8:

genere militum praestare tironibus,

id. 42, 52, 10:

tantum Romana in bellis gloria ceteris praestat,

Quint. 1, 10, 14:

qui eloquentiā ceteris praestet,

id. 2, 3, 5; 2, 16, 17; Curt. 8, 14, 13; Just. 18, 3, 14; 28, 2, 11; 44, 3, 9:

sacro, quod praestat, peracto,

Juv. 12, 86:

probro atque petulantiā maxume praestabant,

were pre-eminent, distinguished themselves, Sall. C. 37, 5:

truculentiā caeli praestat Germania,

Tac. A. 2, 24:

cur alias aliis praestare videmus Pondere res rebus?

Lucr. 1, 358.—

Praestat, with a subjectclause, it is preferable or better:

nimio impendiosum praestat te, quam ingratum dicier,

it is much better, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 2, 12:

mori milies praestitit, quam haec pati,

it was better, Cic. Att. 14, 9, 2:

praestare dicunt, Gallorum quam Romanorum imperia perferre,

it is better, Caes. B. G. 1, 17:

motos praestat componere fluctus,

Verg. A. 1, 135; 3, 429; 6, 39.

To surpass, outstrip, exceed, [p. 1431] excel (not in Cic. or Cæs.; constr. usually aliquem aliquā re): qui primus in alterutrā re praestet alios, Varr. ap. Non. 502, 23; Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 10; 3, 1, 3:

quantum Galli virtute ceteros mortales praestarent,

Liv. 5, 36, 4:

qui belli gloriā Gallos omnes Belgasque praestabant,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 6:

praestate virtute peditem, ut honore atque ordine praestatis,

Liv. 3, 61, 7:

ut vetustate et gradu honoris nos praestent,

id. 7, 30, 4; 34, 34, 14; 37, 30, 2:

praestat ingenio alius alium,

Quint. 1, 1, 3; Val. Max. 3, 2, 21; 3, 2, ext. 7;

7, 2, 17: honore ceteros,

Nep. Att. 18, 5; 3, 3; id. Reg. 3, 5:

imperatores prudentiā,

id. Hann. 1, 1:

eloquentiā omnes eo tempore,

id. Epam. 6, 1.—Only aliquem, Stat. Th. 4, 838.—

To become surety for, to answer or vouch for, to warrant, be responsible for, to take upon one's self, etc. (class.):

ut omnes ministros imperii tui rei publicae praestare videare,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 3:

quem tamen ego praestare non poteram,

id. Att. 6, 3, 5:

quanto magis arduum est alios praestare quam se, tanto laudabilius,

Plin. Pan. 83:

communem incertumque casum neque vitare quisquam nostrum, nec praestare ullo pacto potest,

Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3: simus eā mente ut nihil in vitā nobis praestandum praeter culpam putemus, that we need only answer for guilt, i. e. keep ourselves clear of guilt, id. ib. 6, 1, 4:

impetus populi praestare nemo potest,

no one can be held to answer for the outbreaks of the people, id. de Or. 2, 28, 124:

periculum judicii,

id. Mur. 2, 3:

damnum alicui,

id. Off. 3, 16:

invidiam,

id. Sest. 28, 61:

nihil,

to be responsible for nothing, id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3; cf. in pass.:

cum id, quod ab homine non potuerit praestari, evenerit,

what none could vouch for that it would not happen, id. Tusc. 3, 16, 34. —With ab aliquā re:

ego tibi a vi praestare nihil possum,

Cic. Fam. 1, 4, 3.—With de:

quod de te sperare, de me praestare possum,

Cic. Fam. 4, 15, 2.—With an objectclause:

quis potest praestare, semper sapientem beatum fore, cum, etc.?

Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 29; cf.:

(praedones) nullos fore, quis praestare poterat?

id. Fl. 12, 28:

meliorem praesto magistro Discipulum,

Juv. 14, 212.—With ut:

illius lacrimae praestant ut veniam culpae non abnuat Osiris,

Juv. 6, 539.—

In gen., to fulfil, discharge, maintain, perform, execute:

arbitramur nos ea praestitisse, quae ratio et doctrina praescripserit,

Cic. N. D. 1, 3, 7:

ultima exspectato, quae ego tibi et jucunda et honesta praestabo,

id. Fam. 7, 17, 2:

suum munus,

id. de Or. 2, 9, 38:

hospitii et amicitiae jus officiumque,

id. Fam. 14, 4, 2:

ne quem ejus paeniteret, praestiti,

I took care, exerted myself, Liv. 30, 30; Ov. Tr. 5, 14, 19:

quamcumque ei fidem dederis, ego praestabo,

I will fulfil, keep the promise, Cic. Fam. 5, 11, 2:

fidem alicui,

Liv. 30, 15:

pacem cum iis populus Romanus non ab se tantum, sed ab rege etiam Masinissa praestitit,

maintained, id. 40, 34:

tributa,

to pay, Juv. 3, 188:

annua,

id. 6, 480:

triplicem usuram,

id. 9, 7.— Pass.:

promissum id benignius est ab rege quam praestitum,

Liv. 43, 18, 11:

mea tibi tamen benevolentia fidesque praestabitur,

Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; so,

quibus (victoribus) senatūs fides praestabitur,

id. Phil. 14, 11, 30:

virtus vetat spectare fortunam dum praestetur fides,

id. Div. 2, 37, 79:

ni praestaretur fides publica,

Liv. 2, 28, 7.—

In partic.

To keep, preserve, maintain, retain:

pueri, quibus videmur praestare rem publicam debuisse,

Cic. Att. 10, 4, 5; Ov. M. 11, 748:

omnes socios salvos praestare poteramus,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 18, 55:

mors omnia praestat Vitalem praeter sensum calidumque vaporem,

Lucr. 3, 214. —

To show, exhibit, to prove, evince, manifest:

Pomptinius praestat tibi memoriam benevolentiamque, quam debet,

Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 3:

neque hercule in iis ipsis rebus eam voluntatem, quam exspectaram, praestiterunt,

id. ib. 1, 9, 5:

virtutem,

Caes. B. G. 2, 27:

benevolentiam,

Cic. Att. 11, 1, 1:

consilium suum fidemque,

id. de Or. 3, 33, 134. —With se, to show, prove, or behave one's self as: praesta te eum, qui, etc., show thyself such, as, etc., Cic. Fam. 1, 6, 2:

se incolumem,

Lucr. 3, 220:

se invictum,

Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 104:

teque praesta constanter ad omne Indeclinatae munus amicitiae,

show thyself constant, id. ib. 4, 5, 23:

Victoria nunc quoque se praestet,

show itself, id. ib. 2, 169: sed ne ad illam quidem artissimam innocentiae formulam praestare nos possumus, prove ourselves innocent even according to that rule, Sen. Ira, 2, 28, 1:

juris periti consultatoribus se praestabant,

showed themselves accessible, Dig. 1, 2, 2.— Poet.:

vel magnum praestet Achillem,

should show, prove, approve himself a great Achilles, Verg. A. 11, 438.—

To show, exhibit, manifest:

honorem debitum patri,

Cic. Phil. 9, 5, 12:

fratri pietatem,

id. Brut. 33, 126:

virtutem et diligentiam alicui,

id. Fam. 14, 3, 2:

frequentiam et officium alicui honores petenti,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 50:

obsequium,

Sen. Q. N. 2, 59, 8:

sedulitatem alicui rei,

to apply, Plin. Ep. 3, 18, 6.—

To give, offer, furnish, present, expose:

alicui certam summam pecuniae,

Suet. Dom. 9: cervicem, Sen. ap. Diom. p. 362 P.:

caput fulminibus,

to expose, Luc. 5, 770:

Hiberus praestat nomen terris,

id. 4, 23:

anser praestat ex se pullos atque plumam,

Col. 8, 13:

cum senatui sententiam praestaret,

gave his vote, Cic. Pis. 32, 80:

terga hosti,

to turn one's back to the enemy, to flee, Tac. Agr. 37:

voluptatem perpetuam sapienti,

to assume, Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 89.— Pass.:

pueri, quibus id (biduum) praestabatur,

was devoted, Quint. 1, prooem. § 7; cf.:

corpus, cui omnia olim tamquam servo praestabantur, nunc tamquam domino parantur,

Sen. Ep. 90, 19.—Hence, praestans, antis, P. a., pre-eminent, superior, excellent, distinguished, extraordinary.

In gen. (class.).

Of persons:

omnibus praestans et ingenio et diligentiā,

far surpassing all, Cic. Tusc. 1, 10, 22:

usu et sapientiā praestantes,

noted for their experience and wisdom, Nep. Timoth. 3, 2.— Comp.:

virginibus praestantior omnibus Herse,

superior to all, Ov. M. 2, 724.— Sup.:

in illis artibus praestantissimus,

Cic. de Or. 1, 50, 217:

praestantissimi studio atque doctrinā,

id. Ac. 1, 4, 17.—With gen.:

o praestans animi juvenis,

distinguished for courage, Verg. A. 12, 19:

belli,

Sil. 5, 92:

armorum,

Stat. Th. 1, 605:

praestantissimus sapientiae,

Tac. A. 6, 6.— Poet., with objectclause:

quo non praestantior alter Aere ciere viros,

whom no other excelled in rousing the men, Verg. A. 6, 164.—

Of things, pre-eminent, excellent, remarkable, extraordinary, distinguished:

praestanti corpore Nymphae,

Verg. A. 1, 71:

praestanti corpore tauri,

id. G. 4, 550:

formā,

id. A. 7, 483:

naturā excellens atque praestans,

Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 56:

qui a te tractatus est praestanti et singulari fide,

id. Fam. 3, 10, 3:

praestans prudentiā in omnibus,

Nep. Alc. 5, 1; Cic. Tusc. 5, 13, 38:

quid praestantius mihi potuit accidere?

id. Vatin. 3, 8.—

In partic.

Efficacious:

medicina,

Plin. 13, 24, 47, § 130:

usus praestantior,

id. 18, 13, 34, § 126:

calamus praestantior odore,

id. 12, 22, 48, § 105:

sucus sapore praestantissimus,

id. 15, 1, 2, § 5:

praestantissima auxilia,

id. 27, 13, 120, § 146.—

Sup.:

Praestantissimus,

a title of the later emperors, Nazar. 26; Tert. Cor. Mil. 1.— Hence, adv.: praestanter, excellently, admirably (post-Aug.); sup.:

praestantissime,

Plin. 28, 12, 50, § 186.

prĕhendo ( prae-) and sync. pren-do ( praen-), di, sum, 3, v. a. [prae-hendo; cf. Gr. gento, chandanô], to lay hold of, to grasp, snatch, seize, catch, take (class.).

Lit.

In gen.: prehende auriculis, take by the ear-laps, a form of affectionate salutation, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 78:

sine te exorem, sine te prendam auriculis, sine dem savium,

id. Poen. 1, 2, 163; cf. Tib. 2, 5, 92:

fauces alicui,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 62:

quis me properantem prehendit pallio?

catches me by the cloak, id. Ep. 1, 1, 1:

dexteram,

id. ib. 2, 3, 65.—Of an embrace' alter ubi alterum bilingui manufesto inter se praehendunt, Plaut. Ps. 5, 1, 15; cf.:

aliquem manu,

Cic. de Or. 1, 56, 240:

perdix aucupem jam jam prehensurum effugiens,

Plin. 10, 33, 51, § 103; 30, 5, 12, § 40:

pisces,

Vulg. Johan. 21, 10.—

In partic.

To seize, occupy suddenly, take violent possession of:

Pharum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 112, 3:

quam prendimus arcem,

occupy, take refuge in, Verg. A. 2, 322.—

To lay or catch hold of, to detain one in order to speak with him:

tuos pater modo me prehendit: ait, etc.,

Ter. And. 2, 2, 16:

prendo hominem solum: Cur non, inquam,

id. Phorm. 4, 3, 15:

Syrus est prehendendus, atque exhortandus mihi,

id. Heaut. 3, 1, 89:

dextrā prehensum Continuit,

Verg. A. 2, 592; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 11, 2:

prende C. Septimium,

Cic. Att. 12, 13, 2.—

To seize, take by surprise, catch in the act; constr. with in and abl., the simple abl., or gen.:

in furto ubi sis prehensus,

Plaut. As. 3, 2, 17:

in patenti Prensus Aegaeo,

Hor. C. 2, 16, 1:

prensus manifesto furto,

Gell. 11, 18, 7: eā nocte speculatores prensi servi tres, Auct. B. Hisp. 20, 5: quem mendaci praendit manufestum modo, caught in a lie, Plaut Bacch. 4, 4, 45.—

Of trees, to take root:

quarum stirpes tellus amplexa prehendit,

Cic. Arat. 116:

ut cum (pirorum plantae) prehenderint, inserantur,

Pall. 3, 25:

vites transferre, sine ambiguitate prehendendi,

id. 3, 10.—

To reach, attain, arrive at ( poet.):

tandem Italiae fugientes prendimus oras,

Verg. A. 6, 61.—

Poet., to take in with the eye, to reach with the eye:

prendere aliquid oculorum lumine,

Lucr. 4, 1143:

vix oculo prendente modum,

taking in, embracing, Luc. 4, 20.—

Trop., of the mind, to seize, apprehend, comprehend (very rare):

cum animus ipsum (res omnes) moderantem atque regentem paene praehenderit,

Cic. Leg. 1, 23, 61.

rĕd-ĕo, ĭi, ĭtum, īre (lengthened form of the pres. redīnunt, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 286 Müll.; cf.: obinunt, ferinunt, nequinunt, solinunt, for obeunt, feriunt, nequeunt, solent; and danit, danunt, for dat, dant; rare fut. redies, App. M. 6, 19, and Sen. Ben. 1, 2, 3; cf. Vulg. Lev. 25, 10; id. Jer. 37, 7), v. n.

To go or come back; to turn back, re turn, turn around (freq. and class.; syn revertor).

Lit.

Of persons.

Absol.:

bene re gestā salvus redeo,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 58; 4, 3, 82:

velletne me redire,

Cic. Sest. 59, 126:

et non nisi revocaretis, rediturus fuerim,

Liv. 5, 51.—

With ex and abl.:

erus alter ex Alide rediit,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 4, 9:

e provinciā,

Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 16:

ex illis contionibus domum,

Liv. 3, 68.—

With ab and abl.:

a portu,

Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 16:

a portā,

id. Merc. 4, 4, 9:

a foro,

id. Aul. 2, 6, 7; id. Ps. 4, 3, 11; cf.:

a foro do mum,

id. Aul. 2, 3, 6; id. Cas. 3, 4, 1:

ab re divinā,

id. Poen. 1, 2, 193:

a cenā,

Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 1:

a Caesare,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 7:

a nobis,

Verg. G. 1, 249:

ab Africā,

Hor. C. 4, 8, 19:

a flumine,

Ov. M. 1, 588 et saep.—

With abl. alone:

Thebis,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 35:

Cariā,

id. Curc. 2, 1, 10:

rure,

id. Merc. 3, 3, 25; 4, 3, 6; 4, 5, 5; 8; Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 63:

colle,

Ov. M. 1, 698:

exsilio,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 106:

opsonatu,

id. Cas. 3, 5, 16; id. Men. 2, 2, 5; 14:

suburbanā aede,

Ov. F. 6, 785. —

With adv. of place:

unde,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 91; Caes. B. G. 5, 11:

inde domum,

Ov. F. 5, 455:

hinc, inde, unde, etc.,

Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 23; id. Capt. 3, 1, 30; Caes. B. G. 5, 11, 7 al. —

With adv. of time or manner:

eum rediturum actutum,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 44; 4, 4, 16:

pascua haud tarde redientia,

Sil. 8, 520:

tardius,

Ov. M. 10, 674:

mature,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 97:

retro,

Liv. 8, 11; 23, 28; Verg. A. 9, 794.—

With in and acc.:

in patriam,

Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 90; id. Stich. 4, 1, 3; 4, 2, 7:

in urbem,

id. Cas. prol. 65; Liv. 4, 29 fin. Drak. N. cr.:

in castra,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 2, 45:

in senatum rursus,

id. Mil. 2, 6, 109; cf.

joined with retro,

Liv. 23, 28; 24, 20; 44, 27; Ov. M. 15, 249; Verg. A. 9, 794 al.:

veram in viam,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 17; cf.:

in rectam semitam,

id. ib. 2, 8, 33;

and, in the same sense, simply in viam,

Ter. And. 1, 2, 19; Cic. Phil. 12, 2, 7:

in proelium,

to renew, Liv. 22, 15, 9:

serus in caelum redeas,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 45:

in gyrum,

Ov. M. 7, 784 et saep. —

With ad and acc.:

ad navem,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 32:

ad parentes denuo,

id. Capt. 2, 3, 51; so,

ad aliquem,

id. Aul. 2, 2, 32; id. Cist. 4, 2, 56; id. Mil. 4, 2, 29; 34; id. Pers. 4, 4, 107:

ad quos,

Caes. B. G. 7, 20: ad castra, Auct. B. Hisp. 25; cf.:

se rediturum ad penates et in patriam,

Curt. 5, 5, 20.—

With acc. alone:

Syracusas,

Plaut. Men. prol. 37: Romam Cic. Quint. 18, 57; Liv. 3, 5:

domum,

Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 37; id. Cas. 5, 3, 14; id. Cist. 1, 1, 92; 104; Hor. S. 2, 5, 6; Ov. F. 5, 455; Liv. 3, 68:

Cirtam,

Sall. J. 104, 1:

Babyloniam,

Just. 12, 10, 7; cf. ( poet.):

his laeti rediere duces loca amoena piorum,

Sil. 13, 703.—

With adv. of direction, etc.:

huc, illuc,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 103; id. Most. 1, 1, 75; id. Rud. 3, 6, 41; id. Am. 1, 3, 29; id. Men. 4, 2, 53 sq.:

isto,

id. Pers. 4, 3, 43:

intro,

id. Aul. 2, 2, 31; id. Cas. 3, 5, 61; id. Cist. 4, 2, 37:

quo,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 261.—

With acc. of distance: ite viam, Vet. Form. ap. Cic. Mur. 12, 26:

itque reditque viam,

Verg. A. 6, 122.—

Impers. pass.:

dum stas, reditum oportuit,

Plaut. Pers. 3, 3, 43:

ad arbitrum reditur,

id. Rud. 4, 3, 79:

manerent indutiae, dum ab illo rediri posset,

Caes. B. C. 3, 16:

ut Romam reditum est,

Liv. 3, 5; 8, 11; Nep. Epam. 8.—

With inf.:

saepe redit patrios ascendere perdita muros,

Verg. Cir. 171: hirundo reditura cibos immittere nidis, Montan. ap. Sen. Ep. 122, 12.—

Of things:

astra ad idem, unde profecta sunt,

Cic. Rep. 6, 22, 24; cf.:

sol in sua signa,

Ov. F. 3, 161:

totidem redeuntia solis Lumina viderunt,

id. M. 14, 423:

redeuntis cornua lunae,

id. ib. 10, 479:

adverso redierunt carbasa vento,

id. H. 21, 71:

Eurus reditura vela tenebat,

id. M. 7, 664:

flumen in eandem partem, ex quā venerat, redit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 37; cf.:

amnes In fontes suos,

Ov. M. 7, 200:

ille qui in se redit orbis,

Quint. 11, 3, 105:

redeunt jam gramina campis Arboribusque comae,

Hor. C. 4, 7, 1; cf.:

arboribus frondes,

Ov. F. 3, 237.—

Trop., to go or come back, to return:

aspersisti aquam, Jam rediit animus,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 16; so,

animus,

id. Merc. 3, 1, 32; Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 12:

mens,

Ov. M. 14, 519:

et mens et rediit verus in ora color,

id. A. A. 3, 730:

spiritus et vita redit bonis ducibus,

Hor. C. 4, 8, 14:

suum redit ingenium,

Liv. 2, 22:

memoria redit,

Quint. 11, 2, 7:

redit animo ille latus clavus, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 8, 23, 6: in pristinum [p. 1540] statum, Gaes. B. G. 7, 54:

in statum antiquum rediit res,

Liv. 3, 9; cf.:

reditum in vestram dicionem,

Liv. 29, 17:

cum Alcumenā antiquam in gratiam,

Plaut. Am. 5, 2, 12:

cum suis inimicissimis in gratiam,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 9, 20; id. Fragm. ap. Quint. 9, 3, 41; Caes. B. C. 1, 4; Nep. Alcib. 5, 1; cf.: se numquam cum matre in gratiam redisse, had never been reconciled, i. e. had never been at variance, Cic. Att. 17, 1;

and simply in gratiam,

Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 59; Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 40; cf.:

in concordiam,

Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 7:

in amicitiam alicujus,

Liv. 25, 16:

in fidem alicujus,

id. 25, 1:

nunc demum in memoriam redeo,

I recollect, call to mind, Plaut. Capt. 5, 4, 25; so,

in memoriam mortuorum,

Cic. Sen. 7, 21; id. Inv. 1, 52, 98; id. Quint. 18, 57; cf.:

in memoriam cum aliquo,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 19:

in corda redeunt tumultus,

Claud. B. Get. 216:

vere calor redit ossibus,

Verg. G. 3, 272:

redit agricolis labor actus in orbem,

id. ib. 2, 401:

rursum ad ingenium redit,

he returns to his natural bent, Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 46; so,

ad ingenium,

id. Hec. 1, 2, 38:

ad se atque ad mores suos,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17, 57:

ad se,

id. Att. 7, 3, 8; but redire ad se signifies also, to come to one ' s self, i. e. to recover one ' s senses, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 8; cf. id. And. 3, 5, 16; Liv. 1, 41; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 138; cf.:

ex somno vix ad se,

Lucr. 4, 1023:

donec discussis redeunt erroribus ad se,

id. 4, 996:

ad sanitatem,

Cic. Fam. 12, 10, 1; cf.: reverto: in veram rediit faciem solitumque nitorem, returned to his true form (of Apollo), Ov. M. 4, 231; cf.:

in annos Quos egit, rediit,

i. e. he resumed his youth, id. ib. 9, 430 (for which:

reformatus primos in annos,

id. ib. 9, 399):

in juvenem,

id. ib. 14, 766:

in fastos,

to go back to them, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 48:

quamvis redeant in aurum Tempora priscum,

id. C. 4, 2, 39:

in causas malorum,

to appear again as the cause of misfortunes, Tac. H. 4, 50:

maturos iterum est questa redire dies,

Prop. 2, 18 (3, 10), 12;

so of times and events which recur periodically: annus,

Verg. A. 8, 47; Hor. C. 3, 8, 9; id. S. 2, 2, 83:

ne rediret Saeculum Pyrrhae,

id. C. 1, 2, 5:

Nonae Decembres,

id. ib. 3, 18, 10:

iterum sollemnia,

Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 1 al.— Impers. pass.:

tum exuto justitio reditum ad munia,

Tac. A. 3, 7.—

In partic., in speaking, thinking, or writing.

Of the speaker, to go back, return to a former subject, to recur to it:

mitte ista, atque ad rem redi, etc.,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 31 sq.:

quid si redeo ad illos,

id. Heaut. 4, 3, 41:

sed de hoc alias: nunc redeo ad augurem,

Cic. Lael. 1, 1; so,

ad Scipionem,

id. ib. 17, 62:

ad me,

id. ib. 25, 96:

ad fabulas,

id. ib. 20, 75:

ad illa prima,

id. ib. 26 fin.:

sed ad illum redeo,

id. Fin. 2, 22, 73:

ad inceptum,

Sall. J. 4, 9:

illuc, unde abii, redeo,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 108; 1, 7, 9; 1, 6, 45:

longius evectus sum, sed redeo ad propositum,

Quint. 9, 3, 87; cf.:

digredi a re et redire ad propositum,

id. 9, 2, 4:

ab illo impetu ad rationem redit,

id. 6, 1, 28 et saep. —Comically:

nunc in Epidamnum pedibus redeundum'st mihi,

Plaut. Men. prol. 49.—

Of the subject:

res redit,

comes up again, Cic. post Red. in Sen. 11, 27; cf.:

redit de integro haec oratio,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 8.—

(With the idea of ire predominating; cf.: recido, redigo).

To come in as revenue, income; to arise, proceed (cf. provenio):

tribus tantis illi minus redit,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 129:

ut ex eodem semine aliubi cum decimo redeat, aliubi cum quintodecimo,

Varr. R. R. 1, 44, 1:

possentne fructus pro impensā ac labore redire,

id. ib. 1, 2, 8:

ex pecore redeunt ter ducena Parmensi,

Mart. 4, 37, 5:

pecunia publica, quae ex metallis redibat,

Nep. Them. 2, 2:

ex quā regione quinquaginta talenta quotannis redibant,

id. ib. 10, 3:

e modio redire sextarios quattuor siliginis,

Plin. 18, 9, 20, § 86; 18, 10, 20, § 89 et saep.—

To come to, be brought or reduced to; to arrive at, reach, attain a thing; constr. usually with ad; very rarely with in or an adv. of place:

pilis omissis ad gladios redierunt,

betook themselves to their swords, Caes. B. C. 3, 93; cf.:

ad manus reditur, Auct. B. Afr. 18, 4: Caesar opinione trium legionum dejectus, ad duas redierat,

was brought down, reduced, Caes. B. G. 5, 48 init.: collis leniter fastigatus paulatim ad planitiem redibat, sank or sloped down, descended, id. ib. 2, 8: ejus morte ea ad me lege redierunt bona, have descended to me, Ter. And. 4, 5, 4; so,

ad hos lege hereditas,

id. Hec. 1, 2, 97:

quorum (principum) ad arbitrium judiciumque summa omnium rerum consiliorumque redeat,

Caes. B. G. 6, 11:

summa imperii, rerum ad aliquem,

id. B. C. 1, 4; 3, 18; Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 3:

regnum ad aliquem,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 28:

res ad interregnum,

Liv. 1, 22:

mihi ad rastros res,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 58 (with redigat ad inopiam):

ut ad pauca redeam,

i. e. to cut the story short, id. Hec. 1, 2, 60; id. Phorm. 4, 3, 43: aut haec bona in tabulas publicas nulla redierunt, aut si redierunt, etc., have not reached, i. e. are not registered upon, Cic. Rosc. Am. 44, 128:

Germania in septentrionem ingenti flexu redit,

trends towards the north, Tac. G. 35:

in eum res rediit jam locum, Ut sit necesse,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 118; id. Ad. 2, 4, 9:

in nubem Ossa redit,

rises to, Val. Fl. 2, 16:

Venus, quam penes amantūm summa summarum redit,

falls to her lot, pertains to her, Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 4:

quod si eo meae fortunae redeunt, ut, etc.,

come to that, Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 24; so,

adeo res,

id. Heaut. 1, 1, 61; 5, 2, 27; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 1; 1, 2, 5:

omnia verba huc redeunt,

come to, amount to this, id. Eun. 1, 2, 78; cf.:

incommoditas huc omnis,

id. And. 3, 3, 35.

rĕ-fĕro, rettŭli (also written retuli), rĕlātum (rēlātum or rellatum, Lucr. 2, 1001), rĕferre, v. a. irr., to bear, carry, bring, draw, or give back (very freq. and class.; cf.: reduco, reporto, retraho).

Lit.

Ingen.: zonas, quas plenas argenti extuli, eas ex provinciā inanes rettuli, C. Gracchus ap. Gell. 15, 12 fin.:

arma,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 25:

vasa domum,

id. Poen. 4, 2, 25; cf.:

pallam domum,

id. Men. 5, 7, 59; 4, 2, 97; 98; cf.:

anulum ad me,

id. Cas. 2, 1, 1;

and simply pallam, spinther,

id. Men. 3, 3, 16; 5, 1, 5; 5, 2, 56:

secum aurum,

id. Aul. 4, 5, 4:

exta,

id. Poen. 2, 44:

uvidum rete sine squamoso pecu,

id. Rud. 4, 3, 5:

aestus aliquem in portum refert,

id. As. 1, 3, 6:

Auster me ad tribulos tuos Rhegium rettulit,

Cic. Fam. 12, 25, 3: ut naves eodem, unde erant profectae, reterrentur, Caes. B. G. 4, 28:

me referunt pedes in Tusculanum,

Cic. Att. 15, 16, B; cf.:

aliquem lecticae impositum domum,

Suet. Caes. 82; and:

in Palatium,

id. Vit. 16: intro referre pedem, to turn one ' s feet back, to return, Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 50; cf.:

incertus tuum cave ad me rettuleris pedem,

id. Ep. 3, 4, 3:

caelo rettulit illa pedem,

Ov. H. 16, 88; 15, 186:

fertque refertque pedes,

id. F. 6, 334 (for a different use of the phrase, v. infra B. 2.):

in decimum vestigia rettulit annum (victoria),

Verg. A. 11, 290:

in convivia gressum,

Sil. 11, 355:

in thalamos cursum,

id. 8, 89:

ad nomen caput ille refert,

turns his head, looks back, Ov. M. 3, 245:

suumque Rettulit os in se,

drew back, concealed, id. ib. 2, 303:

ad Tuneta rursum castra refert,

Liv. 30, 16:

corpus in monumentum,

Petr. 113:

relatis Lacedaemona (ossibus),

Just. 3, 3, 12:

gemmam non ad os, sed ad genas,

Ov. Tr. 5, 4, 5: digitos ad os referre, to draw back (v. digitus), Quint. 11, 3, 103:

digitos ad frontem saepe,

Ov. M. 15, 567:

manum ad capulum,

Tac. A. 15, 58 fin.:

rursus enses vaginae,

Sil. 7, 508:

pecunias monumentaque, in templum,

Caes. B. C. 2, 21:

caput ejus in castra,

id. B. G. 5, 58:

vulneratos in locum tutum,

id. B. C. 2, 41:

cornua (urorum) in publicum,

id. B. G. 6, 28:

frumentum omne ad se referri jubet,

id. ib. 7, 71:

signa militaria, scutum, litteras ad Caesarem,

id. ib. 7, 88; id. B. C. 3, 53; 3, 99; id. B. G. 1, 29; 5, 49:

Caesaris capite relato,

id. B. C. 3, 19 fin. —

Esp.: referre se, to go back, return:

Romam se rettulit,

Cic. Fl. 21, 50:

sese in castra,

Caes. B. C. 1, 72 fin.:

se huc,

id. ib. 2, 8, 2:

domum me Ad porri catinum,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 115:

sese ab Argis (Juno),

Verg. A. 7, 286:

se ab aestu,

Ov. M. 14, 52; cf.:

se de Britannis ovans,

Tac. A. 13, 32:

causam Cleanthes offert, cur se sol referat,

Cic. N. D. 3, 14, 37.—

Pass. in mid. sense, to return, arrive:

sin reiciemur, tamen eodem paulo tardius referamur necesse est,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 49, 119:

classem relatam,

Verg. A. 1, 390:

nunc Itali in tergum versis referuntur habenis,

Sil. 4, 317; 7, 623.—

To withdraw, remove:

fines benignitatis introrsus referre,

to narrow, Sen. Ben. 1, 14, 5:

Seleucia ab mari relata,

remote, Plin. 5, 27, 22, § 93. —

In partic.

To give back something due; to give up, return, restore, pay back, repay (= reddere):

scyphos, quos utendos dedi Philodamo, rettuleritne?

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 34; cf. id. Aul. 4, 10, 29; 37; 38;

and, pateram (surreptam),

Cic. Div. 1, 25, 54:

argentum,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 29; so (with reddere) id. Curc. 5, 3, 45:

mercedem (with reddere),

id. As. 2, 4, 35; cf.:

octonis idibus aera,

to pay the money for tuition. Hor. S. 1, 6, 75 (v. idus):

si non Rettuleris pannum,

id. Ep. 1, 17, 32; 1, 6, 60:

verum, si plus dederis, referam,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 112.—

Referre pedem or gradum, as a milit. t. t., to draw back, retire, withdraw, retreat (different from the gen. signif., to return, and the above passages):

vulneribus defessi pedem referre coeperunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25; cf.:

ut paulatim cedant ac pedem referant,

id. B. C. 2, 40; Liv. 7, 33; so,

referre pedem,

Caes. B. C. 1, 44 (with loco excedere); Cic. Phil. 12, 3 (opp. insistere); Liv. 3, 60 (opp. restituitur pugna);

21, 8 al.— For the sake of euphony: referre gradum: cum pedes referret gradum,

Liv. 1, 14. —

And, in a like sense, once mid.: a primā acie ad triarios sensim referebatur,

Liv. 8, 8, 11.—

Transf., out of the milit. sphere:

feroque viso retulit retro pedem (viator),

Phaedr. 2, 1, 8; cf.:

viso rettulit angue pedem,

Ov. F. 2, 342; 6, 334:

rettulit ille gradus horrueruntque comae,

id. ib. 2, 502:

(in judiciis) instare proficientibus et ab iis, quae non adjuvant, quam mollissime pedem oportet referre,

Quint. 6, 4, 19.

Trop., to bear or carry back, to bring, draw, or give back.

In gen.: (Saxum) ejulatu... Resonando mutum flebiles voces refert, Att. ap. Cic. Fin. 2, 29, 94 (Trag. Rel. p. 176 Rib.); cf. Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 14, § 42:

sonum,

id. N. D. 2, 57, 144; id. Or. 12, 38; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 201 al.:

voces,

Ov. M. 12, 47; cf.:

Coëamus rettulit Echo,

id. ib. 3, 387: cum ex CXXV. judicibus reus L. referret, restored to the list, i. e. retained, accepted (opp. quinque et LXX. reiceret), Cic. Planc. 17:

o mihi praeteritos referat si Juppiter annos!

Verg. A. 8, 560; cf.: tibi tempora, Hor. C. 4, 13, 13:

festas luces (sae culum),

id. ib. 4, 6, 42:

dies siccos (sol),

id. ib. 3, 29, 20 et saep.:

hoc quidem jam periit: Ni quid tibi hinc in spem referas,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 2, 3:

ad amicam meras querimonias referre,

id. Truc. 1, 2, 65:

hic in suam domum ignominiam et calamitatem rettulit,

Cic. Off. 1, 39, 138; cf.:

pro re certā spem falsam domum rettulerunt,

id. Rosc. Am. 38, 110:

rem publicam sistere negat posse, nisi ad equestrem ordinem judicia referantur,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 96, § 223:

servati civis decus referre,

Tac. A. 3, 21:

e cursu populari referre aspectum in curiam,

to turn back, turn towards, Cic. Prov. Cons. 16, 38; cf.:

oculos animumque ad aliquem,

id. Quint. 14, 47:

animum ad studia,

id. de Or. 1, 1, 1:

animum ad veritatem,

id. Rosc. Am. 16, 48:

animum ad firmitudinem,

Tac. A. 3, 6 et saep.:

multa dies variique labor mutabilis aevi Rettulit in melius,

brought to a better state, Verg. A. 11, 426:

uterque se a scientiae delectatione ad efficiendi utilitatem refert,

Cic. Rep. 5, 3, 5; so,

se ad philosophiam referre,

to go back, return, id. Off. 2, 1, 4:

ut eo, unde digressa est, referat se oratio,

id. ib. 2, 22, 77.—

In partic.

(Acc. to I. B. 1.) To pay back, give back, repay (syn. reddo):

denique Par pari referto,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 55; cf.:

quod ab ipso adlatum est, id sibi esse relatum putet,

id. Phorm. prol. 21:

ut puto, non poteris ipsa referre vicem,

pay him back in his own coin, Ov. A. A. 1, 370; Sen. Herc. Fur. 1337. — Esp. in the phrase referre gratiam (rarely gratias), to return thanks, show one ' s gratitude (by deeds), to recompense, requite (cf.:

gratiam habeo): spero ego mihi quoque Tempus tale eventurum, ut tibi gratium referam parem,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 39:

parem gratiam,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 51:

et habetur et refertur, Thais, a me ita, uti merita es, gratia,

id. ib. 4, 6, 12; cf.:

meritam gratiam debitamque,

Cic. de Or. 3, 4, 14:

justam ac debitam gratiam,

id. Balb. 26, 59:

pro eo mihi ac mereor relaturos esse gratiam,

id. Cat. 4, 2, 3; 1, 11, 28; id. Off. 2, 20, 69:

fecisti ut tibi numquam referre gratiam possim,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 12; id. Most. 1, 3, 57; id. Pers. 5, 2, 71; id. Ps. 1, 3, 86; id. Rud. 5, 3, 36 al.; Cic. Lael. 15, 53; Caes. B. G. 1, 35:

alicui pro ejus meritis gratiam referre,

id. ib. 5, 27 fin.; id. B. C. 2, 39; 3, 1, fin.:

gratiam emeritis,

Ov. P. 1, 7, 61:

gratiam factis,

id. Tr. 5, 4, 47.— Plur.:

pro tantis eorum in rem publicam meritis honores ei habeantur gratiaeque referantur,

Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 39; 10, 11, 1:

dis advenientem gratias pro meritis agere,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 27; v. gratia.—

To bring back any thing; to repeat, renew, restore, = repetere, retractare, renovare, etc.:

(Hecyram) Iterum referre,

to produce it again, Ter. Hec. prol. 7; id. ib. prol. alt. 21 and 30; cf. Hor. A. P. 179.— So, to bring up for reconsideration:

rem judicatam,

Cic. Dom. 29, 78:

ludunt... Dictaeos referunt Curetas,

Lucr. 2, 633:

Actia pugna per pueros refertur,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 62: institutum referri ac renovari, Civ. Div. in Caecil. 21, 68; cf.:

consuetudo longo intervallo repetita ac relata,

id. ib. 21, 67:

te illud idem, quod tum explosum et ejectum est, nunc rettulisse demiror,

Cic. Clu. 31, 86:

cum ad idem, unde semel profecta sunt, cuncta astra redierint eandemque totius caeli descriptionem longis intervallis retulerint,

id. Rep. 6, 22, 24:

mysteria ad quae biduo serius veneram,

id. de Or. 3, 20, 75:

quasdam caerimonias ex magno intervallo,

Liv. 3, 55:

antiquum morem,

Suet. Caes. 20:

consuetudinem antiquam,

id. Tib. 32 et saep.:

cum aditus consul idem illud responsum rettulit,

repeated, Liv. 37, 6 fin.:

veterem Valeriae gentis in liberandā patriā laudem,

to restore, Cic. Fl. 1, 1:

hunc morem, hos casus atque haec certamina primus Ascanius Rettulit,

Verg. A. 5, 598:

O mihi praeteritos referat si Juppiter annos,

id. ib. 8, 560.—

To represent, set forth anew, reproduce, etc.:

referre Naturam, mores, victum motusque parentum,

to reproduce, Lucr. 1, 597:

majorum vultus vocesque comasque,

id. 4, 1221:

mores, os vultusque ejus (sc. patris),

Plin. Ep. 5, 16, 9:

parentis sui speciem,

Liv. 10, 7; cf.:

(Tellus) partim figuras Rettulit antiquas, partim nova monstra creavit,

Ov. M. 1, 437:

faciem demptā pelle novam,

Tib. 1, 8, 46:

temporis illius vultum,

Ov. M. 13, 443: si quis mihi parvulus aulā Luderet Aeneas, qui te tamen ore [p. 1545] referret, might represent, resemble thee, Verg. A. 4, 329; cf.:

nomine avum referens, animo manibusque parentem,

id. ib. 12, 348:

Marsigni sermone vultuque Suevos referunt,

Tac. G. 43:

neque amissos colores lana refert,

Hor. C. 3, 5, 28.—

To convey a report, account, intelligence, by speech or by writing; to report, announce, relate, recite, repeat, recount; to mention, allege (class.;

in late Lat. saepissime): certorum hominum sermones referebantur ad me,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 10 Orell. N. cr.:

tales miserrima fletus Fertque refertque soror (sc. ad Aeneam),

Verg. A. 4, 438:

pugnam referunt,

Ov. M. 12, 160:

factum dictumve,

Liv. 6, 40:

si quis hoc referat exemplum,

Quint. 5, 11, 8:

in epistulis Cicero haec Bruti refert verba,

id. 6, 3, 20:

quale refert Cicero de homine praelongo, caput eum, etc.,

id. 6, 3, 67 et saep.:

quaecunque refers,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 60; 2, 1, 130:

sermones deorum,

id. C. 3, 3, 71:

multum referens de Maecenate,

Juv. 1, 66. —With obj.-clause, Suet. Caes. 30; Ov. M. 1, 700; 4, 796:

Celso gaudere et bene rem gerere refer,

Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 2 al.; cf. poet. by Greek attraction:

quia rettulit Ajax Esse Jovis pronepos,

Ov. M. 13, 141; and:

referre aliquid in annales,

Liv. 4, 34 fin., and 43, 13, 2:

ut Proetum mulier perfida credulum Falsis impulerit criminibus, refert,

Hor. C. 3, 7, 16.— Absol.:

quantum, inquam, debetis? Respondent CVI. Refero ad Scaptium,

I report, announce it to Scaptius, Cic. Att. 5, 21, 12:

in quo primum saepe aliter est dictum, aliter ad nos relatum,

reported, stated, id. Brut. 57, 288:

(Hortensius) nullo referente, omnia adversariorum dicta meminisset,

id. ib. 88, 301:

abi, quaere, et refer,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 53. —

Poet. (mostly in Ovid), to repeat to one ' s self, call to mind:

tacitāque recentia mente Visa refert,

Ov. M. 15, 27:

si forte refers,

id. Am. 2, 8, 17:

haec refer,

id. R. Am. 308:

saepe refer tecum sceleratae facta puellae,

id. ib. 299:

mente memor refero,

id. M. 15, 451:

foeda Lycaoniae referens convivia mensae,

id. ib. 1, 165; cf.:

illam meminitque refertque,

id. ib. 11, 563.—

Pregn., to say in return, to rejoin, answer, reply (syn. respondeo):

id me non ad meam defensionem attulisse, sed illorum defensioni rettulisse,

Cic. Caecin. 29, 85:

ego tibi refero,

I reply to you, id. ib. 29, 85, §

84: ut si esset dictum, etc., et referret aliquis Ergo, etc.,

id. Fat. 13, 30:

quid a nobis autem refertur,

id. Quint. 13, 44: retices;

nec mutua nostris Dicta refers,

Ov. M. 1, 656; 14, 696:

Musa refert,

id. ib. 5, 337; id. F. 5, 278:

Anna refert,

Verg. A. 4, 31:

talia voce,

id. ib. 1, 94:

pectore voces,

id. ib. 5, 409:

tandem pauca refert,

id. ib. 4, 333 et saep. —

Publicists' t. t.

To bring, convey, deliver any thing as an official report, to report, announce, notify, = renuntiare:

legati haec se ad suos relaturos dixerunt,

Caes. B. G. 4, 9; cf.:

cujus orationem legati domum referunt,

id. B. C. 1, 35: responsa (legati), Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 380, 31:

legationem Romam,

Liv. 7, 32:

mandata ad aliquem,

Caes. B. C. 3, 57:

responsa,

id. B. G. 1, 35; cf.:

mandata alicui,

id. ib. 1, 37:

numerum capitum ad aliquem,

id. ib. 2, 33 fin.:

rumores excipere et ad aliquem referre,

Cic. Deiot. 9, 25; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 47:

Ubii paucis diebus intermissis referunt, Suevos omnes, etc.,

id. ib. 6, 10; Liv. 3, 38, 12.—

Ad senatum de aliquā re referre (less freq with acc., a rel.-clause, or absol.), to make a motion or proposition in the Senate; to consult, refer to, or lay before the Senate; to move, bring forward, propose: VTI L. PAVLVS C. MARCELLVS COSS... DE CONSVLARIBVS PROVINCIIS AD SENATVM REFERRENT, NEVE QVID PRIVS... AD SENATVM REFERRENT, NEVE QVID CONIVNCTVM DE EA RE REFERRETVR A CONSVLIBVS, S. C. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 5 sq.: de legibus abrogandis ad senatum referre. Cic. Cornel. 1, Fragm. 8 (p. 448 Orell.); cf.:

de quo legando consules spero ad senatum relaturos,

id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 58:

de ejus honore ad senatum referre,

id. Phil. 8, 11, 33:

de eā re postulant uti referatur. Itaque consulente Cicerone frequens senatus decernit, etc.,

Sall. C. 48, 5, 6:

rem ad senatum refert,

id. ib. 29, 1; cf.:

tunc relata ex integro res ad senatum,

Liv. 21, 5:

rem ad senatum,

id. 2, 22:

consul convocato senatu refert, quid de his fieri placeat, qui, etc.,

Sall. C. 50, 3: ut ex litteris ad senatum referretur, impetrari (a consulibus) non potuit. Referunt consules de re publicā, Caes. B. C. 1, 1; cf.:

refer, inquis, ad senatum. Non referam,

Cic. Cat. 1, 8, 20.—

Of other bodies than the Senate (cf.: defero, fero): C. Cassium censorem de signo Concordiae dedicando ad pontificum collegium rettulisse,

Cic. Dom. 53, 136: eam rem ad consilium cum rettulisset Fabius. Liv. 24, 45, 2; 30, 4, 9:

est quod referam ad consilium,

id. 30, 31, 9; 44, 2, 5; Curt. 4, 11, 10.— Per syllepsin: DE EA RE AD SENATVM POPVLVMQVE REFERRI, since referre ad populum was not used in this sense (for ferre ad populum); v. fero, and the foll. g:

de hoc (sc. Eumene) Antigonus ad consilium rettulit,

Nep. Eum. 12, 1.— Transf., to make a reference, to refer (class.): de rebus et obscuris et incertis ad Apollinem censeo referendum;

ad quem etiam Athenienses publice de majoribus rebus semper rettulerunt,

Cic. Div. 1, 54, 122; cf. Nep. Lys. 3; Cic. Quint. 16, 53.— Different from this is, *

Referre ad populum (for denuo ferre), to propose or refer any thing anew to the people (cf. supra, II. B. 2.;

v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 1006): factum est illorum aequitate et sapientiā consulum, ut id, quod senatus decreverat, id postea referendum ad populum non arbitrarentur,

Cic. Clu. 49, 137; cf. Att. ap. Non. p. 512, 29; Liv. 22, 20; Val. Max. 8, 10, 1.—

A mercantile and publicists' t. t., to note down, enter any thing in writing; to inscribe, register, record, etc.:

cum scirem, ita indicium in tabulas publicas relatum,

Cic. Sull. 15, 42:

in tabulas quodcumque commodum est,

id. Fl. 9, 20:

nomen in tabulas, in codicem,

id. Rosc. Com. 1, 4:

quod reliquum in commentarium,

id. Att. 7, 3, 7:

quid in libellum,

id. Phil. 1, 8, 19:

tuas epistulas in volumina,

i. e. to admit, id. Fam. 16, 17 init.; cf.:

orationem in Origines,

id. Brut. 23, 89 al.:

in reos, in proscriptos referri,

to be set down among, id. Rosc. Am. 10, 27:

absentem in reos,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 42, § 109; cf.:

aliquem inter proscriptos,

Suet. Aug. 70:

anulos quoque depositos a nobilitate, in annales relatum est,

Plin. 33, 1, 6, § 18:

senatūs consulta falsa (sc. in aerarium),

enter, register, Cic. Fam. 12, 1, 1; id. Phil. 5, 4, 12. —Entirely absol.:

ut nec triumviri accipiundo nec scribae referundo sufficerent,

Liv. 26, 36 fin. —Here, too, belongs referre rationes or aliquid (in rationibus, ad aerarium, ad aliquem, alicui), to give, present, or render an account:

rationes totidem verbis referre ad aerarium,

Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 2;

and rationes referre alone: in rationibus referendis... rationum referendarum jus, etc.,

id. ib. 5, 20, 1; id. Pis. 25, 61; id. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 77; 2, 3, 71, § 167:

referre rationes publicas ad Caesarem cum fide,

Caes. B. C. 2, 20 fin.:

si hanc ex fenore pecuniam populo non rettuleris, reddas societati,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 71, § 167:

(pecuniam) in aerarium,

Liv. 37, 57, 12; cf.: pecuniam operi publico, to charge to, i. e. to set down as applied to, Cic. Fl. 19, 44.— So, too, acceptum and in acceptum referre, to place to one ' s credit, in a lit. and trop. sense (v. accipio).— Hence, transf.: aliquem (aliquid) in numero (as above, in rationibus), in numerum, etc., to count or reckon a person or thing among:

Democritus, qui imagines eorumque circuitus in deorum numero refert,

Cic. N. D. 1, 12, 29:

(Caesar, Claudius) in deorum numerum relatus est,

Suet. Caes. 88; id. Claud. 45:

Ponticus Heraclides terram et caelum refert in deos,

Cic. N. D. 1, 13, 34:

nostri oratorii libri in Eundem librorum numerum referendi videntur,

id. Div. 2, 1, 4: hoc nomen in codicem relatum, id. Rosc. Com. B. and K. (al. in codice).—With inter (postAug. and freq.):

ut inter deos referretur (August.),

Suet. Aug. 97:

diem inter festos, nefastos,

Tac. A. 13, 41 fin.:

hi tamen inter Germanos referuntur,

id. G. 46; Suet. Claud. 11; id. Tib. 53:

dumque refert inter meritorum maxima, demptos Aesonis esse situs,

Ov. M. 7, 302:

intellectum est, quod inter divos quoque referretur,

Lampr. Alex. Sev. 14:

inter sidera referre,

Hyg. Fab. 192:

inter praecipua crudelitatis indicia referendus,

Val. Max. 9, 2, ext. 5:

inter insulas,

Plin. 5, 9, 9, § 48:

dicebat quasdam esse quaestiones, quae deberent inter res judicatas referri,

Sen. Contr. 2, 11, 12:

eodem Q. Caepionem referrem,

I should place in the same category, Cic. Brut. 62, 223.—

Referre aliquid ad aliquid, to trace back, ascribe, refer a thing to any thing:

qui pecudum ritu ad voluptatem omnia referunt,

Cic. Lael. 9, 32:

omnia ad igneam vim,

id. N. D. 3, 14, 35:

omnia ad incolumitatem et ad libertatem suam,

id. Rep. 1, 32, 49; 1, 26, 41:

in historiā quaeque ad veritatem, in poëmate pleraque ad delectationem,

id. Leg. 1, 1, 5; id. Off. 1, 16, 52 et saep. al.:

hunc ipsum finem definiebas id esse, quo omnia, quae recte fierent, referrentur, neque id ipsum usquam referretur,

id. Fin. 2, 2, 5; cf.

nusquam,

id. ib. 1, 9, 29:

ad commonendum oratorem, quo quidque referat,

id. de Or. 1, 32, 145:

hinc omne principium, huc refer exitum,

Hor. C. 3, 6, 6.— With dat.:

cujus adversa pravitati ipsius, prospera ad fortunam referebat,

Tac. A. 14, 38 fin. — In Tac. once with in:

quidquid ubique magnificum est, in claritatem ejus (sc. Herculis) referre consensimus,

Tac. G. 34.—Rarely of persons;

as: tuum est Caesar, quid nunc mihi animi sit, ad te ipsum referre,

Cic. Deiot. 2, 7.— Absol.: ita inserere oportet referentem ad fructum, meliore genere ut sit surculus, etc., one who looks to or cares for the fruit, Varr. R. R. 1, 40, 6.—

Culpam in aliquem referre, to throw the blame upon, accuse, hold responsible for, etc. (post-Aug.):

hic, quod in adversis rebis solet fieri, alius in alium culpam referebant,

Curt. 4, 3, 7; Aug. contr. Man. 2, 17, 25 Hier. Epp. 1, 9 fin.: cf.:

augere ejus, in quem referet crimen, culpam,

Cic. Inv. 2, 28, 83:

causa ad matrem referebatur,

Tac. A. 6, 49:

causam abscessus ad Sejani artes,

id. ib. 4, 57.

sŭper-vĕnĭo, vēni, ventum, 4, v. n. and a., to come over or upon, to come to or in addition to, to overtake, to come up, arrive, come upon, fall upon (not ante-Aug.).

Lit.

In gen.

Act.:

et heres Heredem alterius, velut unda supervenit undam,

follows after, presses upon, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 176:

crura loquentis Terra supervenit,

closed over, covered, Ov. M. 10, 490:

vineae superveniunt jugum,

Col. 4, 22. 1:

planitiem supervenit umor,

id. 2, 17 fin.:

si festinaret sequi, palantes superventurum,

Curt. 5, 13, 11:

hostes,

Grat. Cyn. 185.—

Neutr.:

addit se sociam timidisque supervenit Aegle,

Verg. E. 6, 20:

semianimi lapsoque supervenit,

id. A. 12, 356:

parantibus jam oppugnare supervenit a Creüsā praetor,

Liv. 42, 56, 5:

munientibus supervenit Marcellus,

id. 24, 35, 9; 28, 7, 7; 34, 29, 4; cf. id. 2, 3, 3:

huic laetitiae Quintius supervenit,

id. 34, 40, 7:

ulcus ulceri supervenit,

Cels. 5, 28, 5:

quae (febris) vel levi vulneri supervenit,

id. 5, 26, 26:

quotiens imbres superveniunt,

Front. Aquaed. 15:

dum nox occasionem daret, securis et laetis superveniendum,

Just. 2, 11, 12:

inopinantibus,

id. 8, 3, 15:

quibusdam (insectorum) pinnarum tutelae crusta supervenit,

Plin. 11, 28, 34, § 97. — Without dat.:

Laelius Fulviusque ab Romā supervenerunt,

Liv. 30, 25, 9; 2, 6, 10; 27, 28, 17:

nuntii ab Urbe,

Suet. Galb. 11:

nulla auxilia,

Tac. H. 4, 25:

superveniunt deinde legati,

Curt. 3, 1, 9; 4, 15, 18:

tandem signa legionum,

Liv. 34, 28, 4:

tertia aquila,

Suet. Vesp. 5:

imbres superveniunt,

Front. Aquaed. 15:

grata superveniet quae non sperabitur hora,

Hor. Ep. 1, 4, 14.—

In partic., of animals, to leap, cover, Col. 6, 24, 3; 7, 6, 3; Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 174.—

Trop., to come upon, be added to; to go beyond, surpass, exceed, excel:

ne tempus opimandi quintam et vigesimam lunam superveniat,

go beyond, exceed, Col. 8, 7, 5:

vis teneros supervenit annos,

attacks suddenly, Stat. Achill. 1, 147:

aliud majus alio supervenit,

is added to, follows, Quint. 9, 4, 23:

tunc donis Argia nitet, vilesque sororis Ornatus sacro praeculta supervenit auro,

surpasses, exceeds, Stat. Th. 2, 298.

tango, tĕtĭgi, tactum, 3 (old collat. form tago, xi, 3:

tagit Pacuvius in Teucro: ut ego, si quisquam me tagit. Et tagam idem in Hermiona: aut non cernam, nisi tagam: sine dubio antiquā consuetudine usurpavit. Nam nunc ea sine praepositionibus non dicuntur, ut contigit, attigit,

Fest. p. 356 Müll.: PELLEX ARAM IVNONIS NE TANGITO, Lex Numae ap. Fest. p. 222 ib.: sed o Petruelle, ne meum taxis librum, Varr. ap. Non. 176, 18, and 180, 8), v. a. [root tag-; Gr. te-tag-ôn, grasping; tê, take; Lat. tago, tagax; Goth. tēkan, to touch; Engl. take; cf.: inter, contages], to touch (syn. tracto).

Lit.

In gen.:

tangere enim et tangi, nisi corpus, nulla potest res, Lucr 1, 304: tange utramvis digitulo minimo modo,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 15:

genu terram tangere,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 24, 57:

virgā Virginis os,

Ov. M. 11, 308:

aliquem cubito,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 42.—

In partic.

To touch, i. e.,

To take, take away, curry off: Sa. Tetigin' tui quidquam? Aes. Si attigisses, ferres infortunium, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 24:

de praedā meā teruncium nec attigit nec tacturus est quisquam,

Cic. Fam. 2, 17, 4:

quia tangam nullum ab invito,

id. Agr. 2, 25, 67; Liv. 29, 20. —

To taste, to eat, to drink:

salsa sunt, tangere ut non velis,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 35:

illa (corpora) Non cani tetigere lupi,

Ov. M. 7, 550:

saporem,

id. F. 3, 745:

cupiens varià fastidia cenā Vincere tangentis male singula dente superbo,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 87:

Superorum tangere mensas,

Ov. M. 6, 173:

tetigit calicem clanculum,

has emptied, Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 10. —

Of places.

To reach, arrive at, come to a place (syn. pervenio):

Verres simul ac tetigit provinciam, statim, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 10, § 27; cf. id. Att. 6, 1, 6:

portus,

Verg. A. 4, 612:

terminum mundi armis,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 54:

vada,

id. ib. 1, 3, 24:

lucum gradu,

Ov. M. 3, 36:

domos,

id. ib. 4, 779;

6, 601: quem (Nilum) simul ac tetigit,

id. ib. 1, 729:

ut tellus est mihi tacta,

id. Tr. 3, 2, 18:

limina,

id. M. 10, 456; Juv. 14, 44:

nocturno castra dolo,

Ov. H. 1, 42 et saep.—

To border on, be contiguous to:

qui (fundi) Tiberim fere omnes tangunt,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 7, 20:

haec civitas Rhenum tangit,

Caes. B. G. 5, 3:

quae (villa) viam tangeret,

Cic. Mil. 19, 51:

vertice sidera,

Ov. M. 7, 61. —

To touch, i. e.,

To strike, hit, beat (mostly poet.):

chordas,

Ov. R. Am. 336:

flagello Chloen,

Hor. C. 3, 26, 12:

quem tetigit jactu,

Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 60:

loca tangere fundā,

Tib. 4, 1, 97:

te hora Caniculae Nescit tangere,

to touch, affect, Hor. C. 3, 13, 10.—Euphem., to put to death:

quemquam praeterea oportuisse tangi,

Cic. Att. 15, 11, 2:

statua aut aera legum de caelo tacta,

i.e. struck by lightning, id. Div. 2, 21, 47; so, de caelo tactus, Liv. 25, 7, 7; 29, 14, 3; Verg. E. 1, 17:

e caelo tactum,

Plin. 36, 4, 4, § 10; cf.:

ulmus fulmine tacta,

Ov. Tr. 2, 144:

tacta aedes Junonis,

Plin. 2, 54, 55, § 144.—Prov.:

tetigisti acu (rem),

you have hit the nail on the head, Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 19; cf.:

tangis en ipsos metus,

the thing you fear, Sen. Oedip. 795.—

To take hold of, to touch, handle, etc.;

esp. in mal. part.: virginem,

Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 52:

cur id ausus's facere ut id quod non tuom esset tangeres?

Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 14; Ter. Heaut. 4, 6, 15; id. Eun. 4, 7, 27 sq.; Cat. 21, 8; Hor. S. 1, 2, 28; 1, 2, 54.— Absol.:

cibum una capias, assis, tangas, ludas, propter dormias,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 81 (82):

si non tangendi copia'st,

id. ib. 4, 2, 10; id. Phorm. 5, 8 (9), 5.—

To besprinkle, moisten, wash, smear, anoint ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose;

syn. tingo): corpus aquā,

Ov. F. 4, 790:

comas tristi medicamine,

id. M. 6, 140:

oculos olivo,

Pers. 3, 44:

superiorem palpebram salivā,

Plin. 28, 4, 7, § 38:

caput igne sulfuris,

Prop. 4 (5), 8, 86; cf.:

voluit tangi lucerna mero,

id. 4 (5), 3, 60:

luto corpora tangit amor,

Tib. 1, 8, 52.—

To color, dye:

supercilium madidā fuligine,

Juvenc. 2, 93. —

Trop.

Of the mind or feelings, to touch, move, affect, impress:

minae Clodii contentionesque modice me tangunt,

Cic. Att. 2, 19, 1:

si vos urbis, si vestri nulla cura tangit,

Liv. 3, 17, 3:

Numitori tetigerat animum memoria nepotum,

id. 1, 5:

mentem mortalia tangunt,

Verg. A. 1, 462:

si curat cor spectantis tetigisse querela,

Hor. A. P. 98:

nec formā tangor, poteram tamen hac quoque tangi,

Ov. M. 10, 614:

vota tamen tetigere deos, tetigere parentes,

id. ib. 4, 164:

nymphas tetigit nova res,

id. ib. 15, 552:

nec amor nos tangit habendi,

id. A. A. 3, 541:

exemplo tangi,

id. H. 15 (16), 326; id. F. 5, 489; Prop. 1, 9, 17:

religione tactus hospes,

Liv. 1, 45, 7:

tetigerat animum memoria nepotum,

id. 1, 5, 6:

si quem gloria tangit,

Sen. Hippol. 27.—

Qs. to prick or stick one, i. e.,

To take in, trick, dupe; to cozen or cheat out of any thing (anteclass.):

tuom tangam patrem,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 118; cf.:

probe tactus Ballio est,

id. ib. 5, 2, 13:

tangere hominem volt bolo,

id. Poen. prol. 101:

istis adeo te tetigi triginta minis,

id. Ep. 5, 2, 40: senem triginta minis, Poët. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 64, 257:

lenunculum aere militari,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 7: patrem talento argenti, Turp. ap. Non. 408, 28:

tactus sum vehementer visco,

I am limed, caught, Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 39:

volucres harundinibus,

Petr. 109.—

To sting or nettle any one by something said:

quo pacto Rhodium tetigerim in convivio,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 30; cf.

maledictis,

Fest. p. 356 Müll.—

Of speech, to touch upon, mention, speak of, refer to, cite:

non tango, quod avarus homo est, quodque improbu' mitto, Lucil. ap. Rufin. Schem. Lex. § 12 (p. 274 Frotsch.): leviter unum quodque tangam,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 83:

ubi Aristoteles ista tetigit?

id. Ac. 2, 44, 136:

illud tertium, quod a Crasso tactum est,

id. de Or. 2, 10, 43: ne tangantur rationes ad Opis, be discussed, examined, Anton. ap. Cic. Phil. 8, 9, 26:

si tacta loquar,

Manil. 3, 21; cf.:

quid minus utibile fuit quam hoc ulcus tangere Aut nominare uxorem?

Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 9.—

To take in hand, undertake (rare):

carmina,

Ov. Am. 3, 12, 17: quis te Carminis heroi tangere jussit opus? prop. 4, 2 (3, 3), 16.