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21 tireuse
n. f Wine-dispensing tap. (Going to a shop where wine is sold à la tireuse has always been a wise and economical custom. The wine is often extremely good, and bottling and labelling charges are thus avoided.) -
22 toubib
n. m. 'Doc', 'medic', doctor. (Richard Gordon's novel DOCTOR IN THE HOUSE and the subsequent film were renamed in French Toubib or not toubib thus introducing the French masses to a Shakespearean pun!) -
23 Arrêté, un
An arrêté is an order, a decree or a by-law, signed by someone in power, such as a minister or the head of some level of territorial authority. An arrêté préfectoral is thus a by-law or order, signed by the Prefect, and applying to some issue, location or activity under his jurisdiction.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Arrêté, un
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24 Astérix
No doubt the most famous French cartoon character, first created in 1959 by writer René Goscinny and illustrator Albert Uderzo. Asterix, a small but determined Gaul, first appeared in the French comic Pilote, and the first of the popular albums came out in 1961. Over 30 albums have been published, and several films made; Asterix books have been translated into over 100 languages, including Latin and Ancient Greek. Set in Roman times, the albums tell of the adventures of Asterix and Obelix, a joyous Laurel-and-Hardy type pair of heroes who lead the resistance of the ultimate Gaulish village that refuses to bow to the Roman occupier. The stories can be read on many levels, are witty and full of inuendo, and thus appeal to readers of all ages.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Astérix
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25 Front National
, FNExtreme right-wing and xenophobic political party, founded by Jean Marie Le Pen in 1972. The party is strongly Eurosceptic, anti-immigration, and traditionalist; party members, including Le Pen, have been prosecuted for racist remarks, negationism, and the downplaying of war-crimes.The Front National has been a significant force in French politics since the 1980's, particularly where they have been aided by proportional representation. They won 10 seats at the European Parliament in 1984, and then 35 seats in the French general election of 1986, after François Mitterrand introduced a degree of proportional representation into the voting system. PR was quickly dropped again after this, and the FN has never since had more than a single Député. However, in European elections, where PR has remained, the FN has continued to pick up seats, most recently with 7 in the 2004 election.In 1995, the Front National won municipal elections in three towns in the south of France, Orange, Vitrolles and Marignane, in "triangular" second rounds for which neither the socialists (PS) nor the main conservative party would withdraw their candidates.Perhaps the FN's most visible success was that of its leader, Jean-Marie Le Pen, in the 2002 Presidential election, when he obtained second place in the first round, thus securing a place in the runoff. It is interesting to note that in this second round, which was a massive victory for Jacques Chirac, le Pen took less than 1% more of the vote than in the first round.The high profile of the FN in French politics surprises many foreign observers, but it is not really a surprise in a country with a fragmented party political structure. France's biggest mainstream political parties have a tradition of instrumentalising whatever means possible in order to damage their opponents, and for a long time French left-wing parties have sought to portray the Front National as the natural ally of other conservative parties. Yet by blurring the distinction between this far right party other mainstream conservative parties, they paradoxically helped to legitimise the FN. Mitterrand's introduction of PR into the voting system for general elections in 1984, which propelled the FN into the limelight, was actually intended to stop the mainstream conservative parties from winning. The policy backfired, since the conservatives won anyway, and the FN obtained its own "group" in the French parliament.Currently (2008) the FN is in decline. The party has lost voters to other right-wing parties, and has had to sell off its flagship headquarters building in Neuilly-sur-Seine, in order to pay its debts. See Political Parties in FranceDictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Front National
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26 Gîtes de France
A national though not official organisation that registers and classifies gîtes, and also publishes an annual register and offers a centralised booking service. Registration of gîtes with Gîtes de France is optional and also fee-paying, and the Gites de France guide is thus, contrary to an " idée reçue", in no way a complete guide to holiday property available.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Gîtes de France
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27 K-bis
(Pronounced [Car-bis])an " Extrait K-bis" is an official document certifying that a company is duly registered as such, and thus has a legal existence. Delivered by the local Tribunal de commerce, or Commercial tribunal, it provides a brief but detailed statement of the company's legal status, identity, ownership, and field of business. It is sometimes demanded by banks and administrations, or by corporate suppliers who require a guarantee before opening up an account for a new customerDictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > K-bis
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28 Midi
Litterally speaking, Midi means midday, but the word has come also to designate the south of France, i.e. the part over which the sun stands at midday, when seen from a northern perspective. As a spatial concept, the word Midi is very vague, and there is no specific point at which a traveller from the north enters the Midi. For some it is a small area, just including the Mediterranean coastal plain and its direct hinterland, a region characterised by mediterranean climate and vegetation. For others it is anywhere south of the level of Valence, or even south of a line betwenLyon and Bordeaux. The word is included in the name of the region Midi Pyrénées (see below), which thus has a strong claim to be considered as part of the Midi. Alternatively, the Midi is perceived as equivalent to the historic area of Occitania, the southern half of France where people spoke dialects of Occitanian French rather than dialects of the standard French of the Ile de France.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Midi
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29 Minitel
A first generation computerised videotext system, the Minitel briefly put France into the position of world leader in videotext access. Launched in 1982, the Minitel system rapidly entered the majority of French households and offices thanks to a masterly government policy of offering the basic terminals free to all telephone subscribers. Several years before the Internet explosion, the Minitel offered French telephone subscribers free access to a range of information services, including national telephone directories; it also offered a number of pay-per-view services, receipts from which were designed to help pay back the investment in the system. However, the success of the Minitel was also instrumental in slowing down France's uptake of the Internet. While the government remained keen to protect and promote this French technological success in the face of competition from a foreign system, many Minitel service providers also had a good reason to defend the system too. Provision of information via the Minitel, charged by the second, rapidly became seen as a lucrative activity (notably for the " Minitel rose" sites) - far more so than via Internet, where most general information is provided free of charge to the viewer. This economic disincentive meant that many major French providers of Information, such as the SNCF, were reluctant to replace, or even complement, slow but profit-making Minitel services by faster free Internet services - thus delaying French uptake of the Internet.Minitel services were completely phased out in 2011.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Minitel
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30 Patron
the word basically means the person in charge, and not a patron. Thus, thepatron in a business context is the boss, and in a restaurant is the manager or owner. Les Patrons in the plural, or le patronat, means company directors. See also MEDEF.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Patron
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31 President
The head of state, under the constitution of the French Fifth Republic (Cinquième république). The French president is elected by direct universal suffrage, for a term of five years in office. Since the 2008 constitutional reform introduced by President Sarkozy, a president may serve no more than two five-year terms in office. Election by universal suffrage was first introduced following a referendum organised by General de Gaulle in 1962. Originally the presidential term in office was seven years, with one president, F. Mitterrand, serving a full two terms. With presidential and legislative elections operating according to different calendars, swings in the popularity of parties and their leaders led in the mid eighties to situations or " Cohabitation", with presidents and parliamentary majorities from different sides of the political spectrum. In 2002, presidential and legislative elections were held within two months of each other, each leading to five year terms in office for those elected; thus president Chirac emerged for a second term in office with a solid parliamentary majority of his own supporters.The president is responsible for choosing his Prime Minister (see Premier Ministre), who proposes a team of government ministers which the president must approve. He is the chief of the executive, who oversees weekly cabinet meetings (see Conseil des ministres), and promulgates new laws. He is also the commander in chief of French forces. He has the power to dissolve theNational Assembly and call legislative elections - a power used rather disastrously in 1997 by Jacques Chirac, who dissolved the Assembly in attempt to give his "presidential majority" a rather less slender majority, only to see the Socialist opposition voted into power.In exceptional cases of national emergency, Article 16 of the Constitutiongives the president the power to rule without the consent of parliament.See also Giscard d'Estaing, PompidouDictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > President
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32 Promenade des Anglais
The seaside esplanade at Nice, on the Côte d'Azur. The esplanade took its name in the early nineteenth century, when the little fishing port of Nice (Nissa) began to become popular with the first tourists from England. Whereas the local population had seen the sea as a source of their livelihood, the first Anglais who came to stay saw it as leisure facility, and the sea front as a place to be admired. The beach being pebbly and difficult to walk on, the first tourists chose instead to walk back and forth just above the beach line, thus creating one of the world's first seaside promenades.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Promenade des Anglais
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33 Tabloid press
France does not have a "tabloid press" in the way that the UK has the Sun and the Mirror, or Germany has Bild Zeitung. There are no national daily tabloids, since the daily press in France is largely a regional press, with one or at most two middle-of-the range regional dailies per region. The main national newspapers, such as le Monde and le Figaro, are quality dailies, with relatively low circulation. No paper in France has the massive circulation, and thus influence, of the British or German tabloids. The nearest French equivalents to "the tabloids" are France Dimanche and Ici Paris, which are more "people" weeklies than "tabloid press." For more information see article on Daily newspapers in France.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Tabloid press
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34 Brousse
a very fresh and unsalted (thus bland) sheep's- or goat's-milk cheese, not unlike Italian ricotta; specialty of Nice and Marseille. -
35 Jonchée
rush basket in which certain fresh sheep's- or goat's-milk cheeses of Poitou (along the Atlantic coast) are contained; thus, by extension, the cheese itself. -
36 Poisson noble
refers to prized, thus expensive, variety of fish. -
37 articulation en selle
Articulation dont chaque surface comporte une surface concave et une convexe et qui rappelle la forme d'une selle.Synovial joint whose articular faces are each concave on one axis and convex on the opposing surface, thus permitting angular motion, but preventing rotation.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais (UEFA Football) > articulation en selle
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38 articulation par emboîtement réciproque
Articulation dont chaque surface comporte une surface concave et une convexe et qui rappelle la forme d'une selle.Synovial joint whose articular faces are each concave on one axis and convex on the opposing surface, thus permitting angular motion, but preventing rotation.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais (UEFA Football) > articulation par emboîtement réciproque
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39 football total
Système de jeu offensif fondé sur le mouvement et la permutation des postes pendant les matches et sur la participation de tous les joueurs à toutes les phases de jeu.System of play, usually associated with the Dutch national team of the 1970s, in which the team's players constantly cover for team-mates who move out of position, thus ensuring that the team's organisational structure is maintained.► Total football is a fluid system in which no player is fixed in his nominal role. Anyone can be successively an attacker, a midfielder and a defender.
Dictionnaire Français-Anglais (UEFA Football) > football total
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40 jeu sans ballon
Jeu qui consiste à occuper l' équipe adverse par son déplacement ou sa position ou à l'attirer pour laisser la place au porteur de ballon.Tactics in which players change positions, call for the ball, elude their markers and make it easier for their team-mates to pass and thus disorganise the opposing team's defence.Syn. play off the ballDictionnaire Français-Anglais (UEFA Football) > jeu sans ballon
См. также в других словарях:
Thus — ([th]us), adv. [OE. thus, AS. [eth]us; akin to OFries. & OS. thus, D. dus, and E. that; cf. OHG. sus. See {That}.] 1. In this or that manner; on this wise. [1913 Webster] Thus did Noah; according to all that God commanded him, so did he. Gen. vi … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
thus — [ ðʌs ] adverb FORMAL *** Thus can be used in the following ways: as a way of showing how a sentence or clause is related to what has already been said: No decision had been made, and thus the situation remained unclear. as an ordinary adverb:… … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
thus — thus, thusly Thus is a word with an awkward role in modern English. Used sparingly and appropriately, it is highlȳ effective, whereas when over used it can seem stilted and affected. It has two basic meanings, (1) ‘in this way’, and (2)… … Modern English usage
thus — W1 [ðʌs] adv formal [: Old English;] 1.) [sentence adverb] as a result of something that you have just mentioned ▪ Most of the evidence was destroyed in the fire. Thus it would be almost impossible to prove him guilty. 2.) in this manner or way ▪ … Dictionary of contemporary English
thus — [adv1] in this manner along these lines, as follows, hence, in kind, in such a way, in this fashion, in this way, just like that, like so, like this, so, thus and so, thus and thus, thusly, to such a degree; concept 544 thus [adv2] accordingly… … New thesaurus
Thus — Thus, n. [L. thus, better tus, frankincense. See {Thurible}.] The commoner kind of frankincense, or that obtained from the Norway spruce, the long leaved pine, and other conifers. [1913 Webster] [1913 Webster] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
thus — O.E. þus in this way, related to þæt that and THIS (Cf. this), but the exact connection and P.Gmc. history are obscure. Cognate with O.S., O.Fris. thus, M.Du., Du. dus. Colloquial adv. thusly first recorded 1865 … Etymology dictionary
thus — [thus] adv. [ME < OE] 1. in this or that manner; in the way just stated or in the following manner 2. to this or that degree or extent; so 3. according to this or that; consequently; therefore; hence: often used as a conjunctive adverb 4. for… … English World dictionary
thus|ly — «THUHS lee», adverb. Informal. thus: »A Pisa pizza pie peddler we contacted commented thusly: “Balderdash!” (Maclean s) … Useful english dictionary
Thus — (lat.), Weihrauch, Olibanum, s. b … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
thus — index a fortiori, consequently Burton s Legal Thesaurus. William C. Burton. 2006 … Law dictionary
