-
21 dòlnь
dòlnь Grammatical information: f. i Accent paradigm: a Proto-Slavic meaning: `palm of the hand'Page in Trubačev: V 63-64Old Church Slavic:Russian:ladón' `palm of the hand' [f i];dolón' (dial.) `palm of the hand' [f i]Czech:dlaň `palm of the hand' [f i]Slovak:dlaň `palm of the hand' [f i]Polish:dɫoń `palm of the hand' [f i]Serbo-Croatian:dlȁn `palm of the hand' [m o];Čak. dlå̃n (Vrgada) `palm of the hand' [m o], dlȁna [Gens];Čak. dlán (Vrgada) `palm of the hand' [m o], dlȁna [Gens];Čak. dlȃn (Orbanići) `palm (of the hand)' [f i], dlȃni [Gens]Slovene:dlàn `palm of the hand' [f i], dlanȋ [Gens]Bulgarian:Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: dolʔn-; delʔn-Lithuanian:délna `palm of the hand' [f ā];délnas `palm of the hand' [m o]Latvian:dęl̃na `palm of the hand' [f ā]Comments: We are apparently dealing with a Balto-Slavic root * delʔ-, the origin of which is unclear. Pokorny suggests that there is a connection with Lith. dìlti `rub off, wear out' (`flatten' -> `flat of the hand'), which seems far-fetched. -
22 dòl̨a
dòl̨a Grammatical information: f. jā Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `share, fate'Page in Trubačev: V 62-63Church Slavic:Russian:dólja `part, share, fate, (bot., anat.) lobe' [f jā]Old Russian:Belorussian:dólja `share, fate' [f jā]Ukrainian:dólja `fate, destiny' [f jā] \{1\}Old Czech:Polish:Lithuanian:dalià `fate, destiny' [f jā] 4Latvian:dal̨a `part, share' [f jā]Comments: According to Bańkowski (2000: 282), this etymon spread from Belorussian, where it originated from a Lithuanian substratum, to Ukrainian, Russian and Polish. The secondary meaning `fate' is assumed to have arisen in Belorussian. Though this is not an implausible scenario, it should be noticed that Trubačëv mentions late 14th century attestations of dolja in Old Russian / Russian Church Slavic, in the meaning `fate' as well as in the meaning `part'. Furthermore, there is an Old Czech attestation from around 1400.Notes:\{1\} The earliest attestations date from the 17th century (Bańkowski 2000: 282). -
23 drъgati
drъgati Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `tremble, shake'Page in Trubačev: V 144Russian:drógat' (Voron.) `shake' [verb]Czech:Slovak:Polish:drgać `tremble, shiver' [verb]Slovene:dŕgati `tremble' [verb], dȓgam [1sg]Comments: There are Baltic forms pointing to a Balto-Slavic root * drug- `tremble' (-> * drъžь). Alongside * drъgati we find forms with a secondarily lengthened root vowel. e.g. ORu., RuCS drygatisja `tremble', Ru. dial. drýgat', drygát' `tremble, shake, writhe'. -
24 drъžь
drъžь Grammatical information: m. jo? Proto-Slavic meaning: `shivering, tremor'Page in Trubačev: V 144Russian:Polish:Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: drugiosLithuanian:drugỹs `fever, malaria, butterfly, moth' [m io] 4Latvian:Comments: BSl. * drug- may in principle reflect * drugʰ- or * dʰrugʰ-, but to my knowledge there are no cognates outside Balto-Slavic.Notes: -
25 dura
dura Grammatical information: f. ā Proto-Slavic meaning: `hole'Page in Trubačev: V 160Belorussian:dzjurá `hole' [f ā]Ukrainian:djúra `hole' [f ā]Czech:d'úra (E. Mor. dial.) `hole' [f ā];Polish:Old Polish:Slovincian:ʒu̇̂ră `hole' [f ā]Page in Pokorny: 206Comments: West Slavic cognate of * dyra (the Ukr. and Bel. forms are borrowings from Polish). According to Sɫawski (SEJP I: 208-209), there is evidence for a Polish form dzióra. This form may derive from OPl. drać, 1sg. dziorę, or may continue an older noun * dora from the same root, which was then influenced by the Polish verb (similarly Baudouin de Courtenay apud Berneker 1899: 150 fn.). -
26 durъ
durъ Grammatical information: adj. oPage in Trubačev: V 162Slovene:dúr `shy, wild' [adj o]Old Prussian: -
27 dužь
dužь Grammatical information: adj. jo Proto-Slavic meaning: `strong'Page in Trubačev: V 167-168Russian:djúžij `sturdy, hefty, robust, healthy' [adj jo];dúžij (dial.) `strong, healthy' [adj jo]Old Russian:djúžij `strong' [adj jo]Belorussian:dúžy `strong, vigorous' [adj jo]Ukrainian:dúžyj `strong, healthy' [adj jo]Czech:duží (rare) `firm, strong' [adj jo]Slovak:dúži `strong, big, healthy' [adj jo]Polish:dużo `much, many, (16th-18th c.) very' [adv] \{1\}Lithuanian:daũg `much, many' [adv];daũgia (dial.) `much, many' [adv]Latvian:daũdz(i) `much, many' [adv]Comments: If the Polish forms are "Ruthenianisms", there is no objection against positing a root containing a nasal, cf. dęga, dęglъ(jь)i, nedǫgъ. On the other hand, the parallellism between Pl. dużo and Lith. daũgia is suggestive. Possibly, the roots *dǫg- and *dug- were confused (cf. Shevelov 1964: 321-322, ESSJa 25: 126). The latter root may reflect *dʰougʰ-, cf. Go. daug `is useful'.Notes:\{1\} According to Bańkowski (II: 312), duży `strong' and dużo (duże) `very', which are attested since the 16th century, originate from Ukrainian. Duży `big' is recorded sporadically from 1600 onwards and more frequently since the 18th century, while dużo `much, many' occurs only since the 18th century. -
28 ed(ъ)và
ed(ъ)và; ledva Grammatical information: adv./conj. Proto-Slavic meaning: `hardly, only just'Page in Trubačev: VI 16Old Church Slavic:Russian:jedvá `hardly, only just' [adv/conj];odvá (dial.) `hardly, only just' [adv/conj];lédva `hardly, only just' [adv/conj];lédvé (dial.) `hardly, only just' [adv/conj]Old Russian:Czech:Slovak:Polish:Old Polish:Upper Sorbian:lědma (dial.) `hardly, only just' [adv/conj]Serbo-Croatian:jèdva `hardly, only just' [adv];Čak. jedvȁ (Vrgada) `hardly, only just' [adv]Slovene:jèdva `hardly, only just' [adv];jèdvaj `hardly, only just' [adv];Bulgarian:edvá(m) `hardly, only just' [adv];Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: edvaHsLithuanian:võs `hardly' [adv] \{2\}Indo-European reconstruction: h₁edʰ-ueh₂-sPage in Pokorny: ?Notes:\{1\} There is an isolated form odъva. \{2\} Lith. adva (a.o. Bretke, Sirvydas) is considered a borrowing from Belorussian. I have not been able to find a form with o- in the latter language but we do have ORu./Ru. (dial.) odva. The dialect form advõs is probably a blend of võs and a Slavic adverb odva. -
29 ledva
ed(ъ)và; ledva Grammatical information: adv./conj. Proto-Slavic meaning: `hardly, only just'Page in Trubačev: VI 16Old Church Slavic:Russian:jedvá `hardly, only just' [adv/conj];odvá (dial.) `hardly, only just' [adv/conj];lédva `hardly, only just' [adv/conj];lédvé (dial.) `hardly, only just' [adv/conj]Old Russian:Czech:Slovak:Polish:Old Polish:Upper Sorbian:lědma (dial.) `hardly, only just' [adv/conj]Serbo-Croatian:jèdva `hardly, only just' [adv];Čak. jedvȁ (Vrgada) `hardly, only just' [adv]Slovene:jèdva `hardly, only just' [adv];jèdvaj `hardly, only just' [adv];Bulgarian:edvá(m) `hardly, only just' [adv];Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: edvaHsLithuanian:võs `hardly' [adv] \{2\}Indo-European reconstruction: h₁edʰ-ueh₂-sPage in Pokorny: ?Notes:\{1\} There is an isolated form odъva. \{2\} Lith. adva (a.o. Bretke, Sirvydas) is considered a borrowing from Belorussian. I have not been able to find a form with o- in the latter language but we do have ORu./Ru. (dial.) odva. The dialect form advõs is probably a blend of võs and a Slavic adverb odva. -
30 ȅrxъkъ
ȅrxъkъ Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: cPage in Trubačev: -Slovene:Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: erʔkṣ-Lithuanian:erškėtỹs `thorn-bush' [m jo] 3b \{1\}, ẽr(k)šk̨is, ẽrkšis `thorn-bush' [m jo]Latvian:ẽr(k)šk̨is `thorn-bush' [m jo];ẽrkšis `thorn-bush' [m jo]Indo-European reconstruction: HerHks-Comments: The š of Sln. rẹ̑šǝk may have originated in a form *erš-ьcь < *erx-iko- (cf. Andersen 1996: 140). Bezlaj has proposed to link the Slovene word to SCr. rèkeš `eryngo' (Dubrovnik), with metathesis (1977: 17). The etymological connection with Skt. r̥kṣára- is attractive, notwithstanding the fact that the Baltic forms seem to require a laryngeal.Other cognates:Skt. r̥kṣara- `thorn'Notes:\{1\} There are many variants, e.g. erškẽtis, erškė̃tis, (Žem.) érškẽtis (cf. Derksen 1996: 51, 149). -
31 elьcь
elьcь Grammatical information: m. jo Proto-Slavic meaning: `dace'Page in Trubačev: VI 22-23Russian:eléc `dace' [m jo], el'cá [Gens]Ukrainian:jaléc' `bleak' [m jo]Czech:Slovak:Polish:Kashubian:i̯el `a fish' [m jo??]Lower Sorbian:Serbo-Croatian:jálac `dace' [m jo];Indo-European reconstruction: eliko-Certainty: -Page in Pokorny: 302-304Comments: As Trubačëv observes (VI: 305), the semantics of Pokorny's root *el- are capacious and complex. In my opinion, there is little evidence for a root *el- `light-coloured'. It is tempting to seek a connection between *jelьcь and OHG alunt `ide'. Pokorny identifies what is presumedly the root of the latter word with the first element of *albʰo- `white' and links it to *el-. Since the fish-names under discussion refer to shining, whitish species, this is semantically unproblematic. Nevertheless, it seems quite possible that the root *al/el (Slavic *el as a result of Rozwadowski's change?) originates from a substratum language. -
32 ese
ese Grammatical information: interj.Page in Trubačev: VI 8Old Church Slavic:Russian:Old Russian:Ukrainian:osé `look!' [interj];esé (dial.) `here!' [interj]Slovene:Bulgarian:esé `there!' [interj]Indo-European reconstruction: h₁e-seIE meaning: look, beholdComments: This interjection is based on the PIE particle *(h₁)e, cf. Gk. ἐκει̃νος. -
33 esetь
esetь Grammatical information: f. i Proto-Slavic meaning: `rack for drying grain'Page in Trubačev: -Russian:osét' `granary, rack for drying grain' [f i]Belorussian:(v)ósec' (W.), aséc' (W.) `granary, drying shed' [f i];osëtka (dial.) `granary', asëtka (dial.) `spot in granary for drying sheafs' [f ā]Ukrainian:ósit' (dial.) `granary' [f i]Polish:jesieć (dial.) `grain sieve' [f i];osieć (E. dial.) `granary' [f i];jesiótka (dial.) `grain sieve' [f ā];osiótka (W dial.) `granary' [f ā]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: eś-et-i-Lithuanian:akė́čios `harrow' [Nompf ā] 1;ekė́čios (dial.) `harrow' [Nompf ā] 1 \{1\}Latvian:Old Prussian:aketes `harrow'Indo-European reconstruction: h₂oḱ-et-i-IE meaning: harrowPage in Pokorny: 18Comments: This is another case where we find Balto-Slavic evidence for *e- corresponding to *a- or *o- in other branches of Indo-European (Rozwadowski's change). Toporov regards the k of the Baltic forms as evidence for a western technological borrowing (I: 67). Since the Baltic and Germanic forms mean exactly the same, while the Slavic forms are semantically more remote, this is a serious option.Other cognates:Fi. äës `harrow'Notes:\{1\} The Standard Lithuanian form with a- may stem from the territory where the development e- > a- occurred. In any case, the attestations of the form with e- (see the LKŽ, s.v.) indicate that there are Lithuanian forms completely matching Latv. ecêšas. -
34 evьja
evьja; evьn̨a Grammatical information: f. iā; f. jā Proto-Slavic meaning: `granary, drying shed'Page in Trubačev: -Russian:évnja (W. dial.) `granary, drying shed' [f jā];ëvnja (Psk.) `granary, drying shed' [f jā];evnjá (dial.) `drying shed without a ceiling' [f jā]Belorussian:ëŭnja `granary, drying shed' [f jā];éŭnja `granary, drying shed' [f jā];jaŭja (dial.) `granary, drying shed' [f jā] \{1\}Ukrainian:jévnja `granary, drying shed' [f jā]Polish:Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: iouiaHLithuanian:jáuja `granary, drying shed, threshing shed' [f ā] 1 \{3\}Latvian:jaũja `threshing floor' [f ā]Old Prussian:Indo-European reconstruction: ieu-iH-eh₂IE meaning: granaryCertainty: +Page in Pokorny: 512Comments: It is evident that *evьja is a borrowing from Baltic. The Baltic word is a derivative of the word for `grain', Lith. javaĩ, which lacks a Slavic counterpart. The resyllabification of *iau̯-iā to *iau-i̯ā may account for the metatonical acute tone of both the Lithuanian and the Latvian form, if we assume that the original form was *iau̯-ìā. The East Slavic word *ovinъ apparently underwent the e- > o- shift (I do not share Andersen's objections to Trubačëv's Proto-Slavic reconstruction *evinъ, theoretical though it is).Other cognates:Notes:\{1\} The form without -n- has been recorded from 1540 onwards in many different shapes, e.g. ev'ja, jav'ja, evga and javga. According to Anikin (2005: 143), only the form jaŭja is known in the living language. The other forms are limited to areas that were inhabited by Lithuanians.\{2\} Since 1554 many variants have been recorded, e.g. jawia, jawgia, jewia, jowia. \{3\} There are many variants, viz. jáujė, jáujis, jáujas, jáujus. \{4\} The oldest source (1604) has the spelling jawyge (Toporov II: 21). -
35 evьn̨a
evьja; evьn̨a Grammatical information: f. iā; f. jā Proto-Slavic meaning: `granary, drying shed'Page in Trubačev: -Russian:évnja (W. dial.) `granary, drying shed' [f jā];ëvnja (Psk.) `granary, drying shed' [f jā];evnjá (dial.) `drying shed without a ceiling' [f jā]Belorussian:ëŭnja `granary, drying shed' [f jā];éŭnja `granary, drying shed' [f jā];jaŭja (dial.) `granary, drying shed' [f jā] \{1\}Ukrainian:jévnja `granary, drying shed' [f jā]Polish:Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: iouiaHLithuanian:jáuja `granary, drying shed, threshing shed' [f ā] 1 \{3\}Latvian:jaũja `threshing floor' [f ā]Old Prussian:Indo-European reconstruction: ieu-iH-eh₂IE meaning: granaryCertainty: +Page in Pokorny: 512Comments: It is evident that *evьja is a borrowing from Baltic. The Baltic word is a derivative of the word for `grain', Lith. javaĩ, which lacks a Slavic counterpart. The resyllabification of *iau̯-iā to *iau-i̯ā may account for the metatonical acute tone of both the Lithuanian and the Latvian form, if we assume that the original form was *iau̯-ìā. The East Slavic word *ovinъ apparently underwent the e- > o- shift (I do not share Andersen's objections to Trubačëv's Proto-Slavic reconstruction *evinъ, theoretical though it is).Other cognates:Notes:\{1\} The form without -n- has been recorded from 1540 onwards in many different shapes, e.g. ev'ja, jav'ja, evga and javga. According to Anikin (2005: 143), only the form jaŭja is known in the living language. The other forms are limited to areas that were inhabited by Lithuanians.\{2\} Since 1554 many variants have been recorded, e.g. jawia, jawgia, jewia, jowia. \{3\} There are many variants, viz. jáujė, jáujis, jáujas, jáujus. \{4\} The oldest source (1604) has the spelling jawyge (Toporov II: 21). -
36 ežь
ežь Grammatical information: m. jo Proto-Slavic meaning: `hedgehog'Page in Trubačev: VI 36Russian:ëž `hedgehog' [m jo], ežá [Gens];ož (dial.) `hedgehog' [m jo]Old Russian:Ukrainian:ož (dial.) `hedgehog' [m jo]Czech:Slovak:Polish:jeż `hedgehog' [m jo]Upper Sorbian:jěž `hedgehog' [m jo]Serbo-Croatian:jȇž `hedgehog' [m jo], jéža [Gens];jȇž `hedgehog' [m jo] jȇža [Gens];Čak. jȇž (Vrgada) `sea-urchin, kind of plant' [m jo], jȇža [Gens];Čak. iȇš (Orbanići) `hedgehog, sea-urchin', iȇža [Gens]Slovene:Bulgarian:ež `hedgehog' [m jo]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: eźiosLithuanian:ežỹs `hedgehog' [m io] 4 \{1\}Latvian:Indo-European reconstruction: h₁eǵʰ-io-IE meaning: hedgehogPage in Pokorny: 292Comments: In Greek, where ἐχῖνος `hedgehog, sea-urchin' looks like a derivative of ἔχις `viper', there seems to be a connection between `hedgehog' and `snake'. In Balto-Slavic, the words for `hedgehog' and `snake' do not match formally (-> ǫ́žь).Other cognates:Notes:\{1\} Variants are ẽžis 2, ėžỹs 4. -
37 ěro
ěro; ěra; ěrь Grammatical information: n. o; f. ā; m. oPage in Trubačev: VIII 175-176Church Slavic:Russian:Old Russian:Ukrainian:Czech:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:jȁra `great heat, mirage, spirit' [f ā];jȃr `spring' [m o]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: jeʔro-Lithuanian:ė́ras `lamb' [m o] 3;jė́ras (dial.) `lamb' [m o] 3Latvian:ję̃rs `lamb' [m o];Old Prussian:Indo-European reconstruction: Hieh₁-r-IE meaning: `season'Comments: There is a possibility that the root is identical with * Hieh₁- `send'.Other cognates:Skt. paryāríṇī- (Kath+) `cow which has its first calf after a year' [f];Gk. ὥρᾱ `time, season' [f];Notes: -
38 ěra
ěro; ěra; ěrь Grammatical information: n. o; f. ā; m. oPage in Trubačev: VIII 175-176Church Slavic:Russian:Old Russian:Ukrainian:Czech:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:jȁra `great heat, mirage, spirit' [f ā];jȃr `spring' [m o]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: jeʔro-Lithuanian:ė́ras `lamb' [m o] 3;jė́ras (dial.) `lamb' [m o] 3Latvian:ję̃rs `lamb' [m o];Old Prussian:Indo-European reconstruction: Hieh₁-r-IE meaning: `season'Comments: There is a possibility that the root is identical with * Hieh₁- `send'.Other cognates:Skt. paryāríṇī- (Kath+) `cow which has its first calf after a year' [f];Gk. ὥρᾱ `time, season' [f];Notes: -
39 gъlbь
gъlbьPage in Trubačev: VII 190Serbo-Croatian:gȗb (dial.) `swan' [m o];gȗb (dial.) `goby' [m o] \{1\}Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: gulbisLithuanian:gulbìs `swan' [f i] 4;gul̃bis (Žem.) `swan' [m io] 2Latvian:gùlbis `swan' [f i]Old Prussian:gulbis (EV) `swan'Indo-European reconstruction: KulP-i-Certainty: -Other cognates:Notes: -
40 kolě̀no
kolě̀no Grammatical information: n. o Accent paradigm: a Proto-Slavic meaning: `knee'Page in Trubačev: X 132-134Old Church Slavic:kolěno `knee' [n o]Russian:koléno `knee' [n o]Czech:Slovak:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:kòljeno `knee, joint' [n o];Čak. kolȉno (Vrgada) `knee, joint' [n o];Čak. kolȅno (Novi, Orbanići) `knee' [n o]Slovene:kolẹ́nọ `knee, generation, origin' [n o]Bulgarian:koljáno `knee, generation, origin' [n o]Lithuanian:kẽlis `knee' [m io]Latvian:Comments: As to the etymology of the root, there are two candidates, viz. *kelH- `rise, raise, lift' and *kʷel(H)- `turn, rotate'. I prefer the former option for semantic reasons. The connection with Gk. κω̃λον `limb', which cannot reflect an initial labiovelar, is hardly secure enough to serve as a formal argument.
См. также в других словарях:
there — [ ðer ] function word *** There can be used in the following ways: as a pronoun (to introduce the subject of the sentence): There s a spider in the bath. as an adverb: Wait there until I get back. as an interjection: There, that didn t hurt so… … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
There — There, adv. [OE. ther, AS. [eth][=ae]r; akin to D. daar, G. da, OHG. d[=a]r, Sw. & Dan. der, Icel. & Goth. [thorn]ar, Skr. tarhi then, and E. that. [root]184. See {That}, pron.] 1. In or at that place. [They] there left me and my man, both bound… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
there — [ther] adv. [ME ther, there, where < OE ther, thær, there, where < IE * tor , *ter , there < * to , *tā , demonstrative base > THAT, THEN] 1. at or in that place: often used as an intensive [ Mary there is a good player ]: in… … English World dictionary
there is — there is, there are This impersonal formula is used to indicate the existence of something or someone in a way that avoids the need to identify them more closely grammatically. There is (or was) is used when the following noun is singular, and… … Modern English usage
there it is — That is the situation (and nothing can be done about it) • • • Main Entry: ↑there * * * there it is/there you are/there you go/spoken phrase used when a situation is not satisfactory but there is nothing that you can do to make it better … Useful english dictionary
there'd — «thaird», 1. there had. 2. there would. * * * /ˈðeɚd/ used as a contraction of there had or there would There d [=there had] never been a case like it before. I knew there d [=there would] be trouble … Useful english dictionary
there — ► ADVERB 1) in, at, or to that place or position. 2) in that respect; on that issue. 3) used in attracting attention to someone or something. 4) (usu. there is/are) used to indicate the fact or existence of something. ► EXCLAMATION 1) used to… … English terms dictionary
There It Is — may refer to: * There It Is (James Brown album), a 1972 album by James Brown * There It Is (911 album), a 1999 album by 911 * Whoomp! (There It Is) , a 1993 single by Tag Team * There It Is (film), a 1928 short film starring Charles R. Bowers *… … Wikipedia
there's — (there is) there exists, there lives; it is located there … English contemporary dictionary
There — était un jeu en ligne, caractérisé par un monde virtuel (metavers). Le jeu a été créé en Californie en 2003 et fermé le 9 mars 2010[1]. Après quelques difficultés et changements de propriétaire, il était contrôlé par la société Makena… … Wikipédia en Français
there — O.E. þær in or at that place, from P.Gmc. *thær (Cf. O.S. thar, O.Fris. ther, M.L.G. dar, M.Du. daer, Du. daar, O.H.G. dar, Ger. da, Goth. þar, O.N. þar), from PIE *tar there (Cf. Skt … Etymology dictionary