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41 חַקְלָאָה
חַקְלָאָה, חַקְלָיָיאm. (preced.) field-laborer, peasant; trnsf. boor, ignorant man. Meg.7b, v. דִּיקוּלָא. Keth.79a חזי מר נחמן ח׳ see, sir, how this ignoramus Naḥman Pl. חַקְלָאֵי. Ber.37b.Mixed pl. חַקְלָיָיתָא peasantry. Sabb.12a אבל דח׳וכ׳ Ms. M. (ed. דבני חַקְלָיָתָא) but the garments of the peasantry are easily distinguishable (as to mens or womens). -
42 חַקְלָיָיא
חַקְלָאָה, חַקְלָיָיאm. (preced.) field-laborer, peasant; trnsf. boor, ignorant man. Meg.7b, v. דִּיקוּלָא. Keth.79a חזי מר נחמן ח׳ see, sir, how this ignoramus Naḥman Pl. חַקְלָאֵי. Ber.37b.Mixed pl. חַקְלָיָיתָא peasantry. Sabb.12a אבל דח׳וכ׳ Ms. M. (ed. דבני חַקְלָיָתָא) but the garments of the peasantry are easily distinguishable (as to mens or womens). -
43 stan2
Ⅰ m (G stanu) 1. (część państwa związkowego) state- granica stanu the state border- Stany Zjednoczone Ameryki Północnej the United States of America2. Hist. (warstwa społeczna) class- stan chłopski the peasantry- stan ziemiański the gentry- stan średni (mieszczaństwo) the middle class- stan trzeci the third estate- stan duchowny the clergy- stan rycerski the knightly order- człowiek niskiego/wysokiego stanu a person of low/high rank- żyć ponad stan to live beyond one’s means3. przest., książk. (zawód) profession- stan nauczycielski/urzędniczy/wojskowy the teaching/administrative/military profession4. przest. (państwo) state- mąż stanu a statesman- sekretarz stanu a secretary of state- racja stanu raison d’état- tajemnica stanu a state secret- trybunał stanu the State Tribunal- zamach stanu a coup d’état- zdrada stanu high treasonⅡ Stany plt pot. (USA) the States pot.- □ Stany Generalne Hist. Estates General, States GeneralThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > stan2
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44 сословие
с.1) ист. ( социальная группа) estateдворя́нское сосло́вие — the nobility; ( о среднем дворянстве) the gentry
духо́вное сосло́вие — the clergy, the clerical order
купе́ческое сосло́вие — the merchants pl
меща́нское сосло́вие — the petty bourgeoisie [,buəʒwɑː'ziː]
крестья́нское сосло́вие — the peasantry ['pez-]
тре́тье сосло́вие — the third estate
2) ист. ( профессиональная корпорация) orderсосло́вие реме́сленников — the craftsmen's order
3) шутл. (группа лиц, объединённая по частному признаку) community, class, raceжурнали́стское сосло́вие — the journalistic class
же́нское сосло́вие — womenfolk(s) pl
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45 Wang Zhen (Wang Chen)
SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology[br]b. 14th century Chinad. 14th century China[br]Chinese writer on agricultural affairs and practice.[br]Wang Zhen was a native of Shandong Province and was employed as a Government official. He wrote the Wang Zhen Nung Shu c. 1313 as a text to be used by local officials in their instruction of the peasantry. The text was also used as a means of spreading information on potentially useful developments from one region to another.Curious inaccuracies in the text indicate that Wang Zhen's knowledge of agriculture was not firsthand, but rather that his texts are the distillation of information derived from interviews with farmers. In this the text differs from the other major Chinese texts, which are clearly the work of individuals with personal knowledge of the subject about which they were writing.[br]Further ReadingF.Bray, Vol. VI. 2 in J.Needham (ed.), Science and Civilisation in China (discusses her sources in an introductory chapter).AP -
46 сословие
ср. estate, class дворянское сословие ≈ the nobility;
the gentry( о среднем дворянстве) купеческое сословие ≈ the merchants мн. мещанское сословие ≈ the petty bourgeoisie крестьянское сословие ≈ the peasantry сословие баронов ≈ baronageсослов|ие - с. estate;
order, третье ~ third estate;
купеческое ~ the merchants pl. ;
~ный group attr. ;
~ные предрассудки group prejudices.Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > сословие
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47 помещик
1) General subject: country gentleman, landholder, landlord, landowner, squire, talukdar3) History: seigneur (в Канаде), farmer (As Konstantin Levin, the virtuous farmer of Anna Karenina, whom Tolstoy put perhaps most of himself into, finds, it was almost impossible to bridge the gap between the nobility and the peasantry.)4) Law: agricultural landlord, lord of manor5) Architecture: laird (в Шотландии), lord of the manor6) Scottish language: laird, laird (владелец наследственного имения)7) leg.N.P. landlord (one of the landed gentry), pomeshchik, pomestchik -
48 сословие
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49 на свою шею
прост.do smth. to one's own misfortune (cost, risk); bring smth. upon one's own head; pile up trouble on one's own head; cf. worse luck for smb.- Погляди, маманя, на борца за крестьянское дело. Родила дурака на свою шею. В других губерниях честь-честью землю пашут, а тут вас, дураков, усмиряй. Воины! (Н. Вирта, Одиночество) — 'Here, Mother, take a look at the champion of the peasantry! You brought the fool into the world, worse luck for you. In the other provinces they're busy ploughing the fields the way they should, while here, with you fools, no one has a chance to do anything but try and put an end to your riots. Oh, you warriors!'
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50 сквозь призму
сквозь (через) призму ( чего) (смотреть, глядеть, оценивать и т. п.)книжн.see smth. through the prism of smth.Молодые люди записывали слова и музыку народных думок и песен, изучали предания, сверяли исторические факты с их отражением в народной памяти, вообще смотрели на мужика сквозь поэтическую призму национального романтизма. (В. Короленко, Слепой музыкант) — Going about the villages, they occupied themselves with recording the words and music of folk songs, noting down legends and superstitions, comparing written history with its reflection in folk tales about the past - in a word, 'seeing' the peasantry through the poetic prism of romantic nationalism.
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51 сословие
ср.estate, classдворянское сословие — the nobility; the gentry (о среднем дворянстве)
купеческое сословие — the merchants мн. ч.
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52 expropriation
eksˌprəuprɪˈeɪʃən сущ.
1) лишение( человека) собственности the expropriation of the peasantry ≈ лишение крестьянства собственности Syn: deprivation
2) экспроприация;
конфискация;
отчуждение( на общественные нужды) the expropriation of the railways ≈ экспроприация железных дорог compulsory expropriation of property in towns ≈ принудительная конфискация собственности в городах экспроприация - * of expropriators экспроприация экспроприаторов конфискация, отчуждение (на общественные нужды) (юридическое) лишение (кого-л.) права собственности на имущество expropriation лишение права собственности на имущество ~ отказ от прав ~ отчуждение;
конфискация имущества ~ экспроприация, принудительное отчуждение ~ экспроприацияБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > expropriation
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53 farmer
['fɑːmə]1) Общая лексика: арендатор, болван, земледелец, крестьянин, простофиля, фермер, хозяева, хозяин, арендатор (земли), откупщик2) История: помещик (As Konstantin Levin, the virtuous farmer of Anna Karenina, whom Tolstoy put perhaps most of himself into, finds, it was almost impossible to bridge the gap between the nobility and the peasantry.)3) Юридический термин: лицо, берущее детей на воспитание (за плату), лицо, берущее за плату детей на воспитание, лицо, берущее на воспитание детей (за плату)4) Бухгалтерия: землевладелец5) Сленг: неумный, плохо воспитанный6) Нефть: арендодатель7) Деловая лексика: сельский хозяин -
54 expropriation
[ɪkˌsprəuprɪ'eɪʃ(ə)n], [ek-]сущ.Syn:2) экспроприация; конфискация; отчуждение ( на общественные нужды) -
55 Tambour
A style of embroidery which derives its name from being first worked on a drum-shaped frame. It was very much in vogue during the first half of the 19th century and gave employment to large numbers of the peasantry in Scotland and Ireland. This class of work is now done by machinery invented in 1807 by John Duncan, of Glasgow. -
56 lalit
[from Fre lutte]: fight. Dan peyzannri vinn lavangard dan lalit pu sanzman = The vanguard for the struggle for change comes from the peasantry. -
57 צעא
צָעָאm. (v. צוּעָה) plate, dish. Ḥull.47b צ׳ דקוניא a glazed earthen plate. Pes.111b צ׳ אפומא דחצבאוכ׳ to hang a plate on the snout of a pitcher is indicative of poverty; a. e.Pl. צָעֵי. Bets.32a צ׳ חקלייתא the dining plates of the peasantry, v. אִירוֹנִית. Meg.7b שתין צ׳וכ׳ sixty plates of sixty different dishes. Yoma 83b, v. לוּגָּא; a. e. -
58 צָעָא
צָעָאm. (v. צוּעָה) plate, dish. Ḥull.47b צ׳ דקוניא a glazed earthen plate. Pes.111b צ׳ אפומא דחצבאוכ׳ to hang a plate on the snout of a pitcher is indicative of poverty; a. e.Pl. צָעֵי. Bets.32a צ׳ חקלייתא the dining plates of the peasantry, v. אִירוֹנִית. Meg.7b שתין צ׳וכ׳ sixty plates of sixty different dishes. Yoma 83b, v. לוּגָּא; a. e. -
59 lud
* * *mi1. ( grupa społeczna) commonalty, people; pochodzić z ludu be of common origin, have sb's roots in the peasantry l. working class.2. (= plemię, wspólnota) people; wędrówka ludów hist. wanderings l. migration of peoples; przen. droves of people (traveling l. moving); lud Boży rel. the People of God.3. pot. (= tłum) crowd.The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > lud
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60 γεωργός
A tilling the ground, ; fertilizing,Νεῖλος Lib.Or.13.39
:—as Subst., γεωργός, ὁ, husbandman, Hdt.4.18, Ar. Pax 296, Pl.Phdr. 276b, etc.; οἱ γ., opp. οἱ μισθαρνοῦντες, Arist.Pol. 1296b28; but γ., opp. ὁ δεσπότης τοῦ χωρίου, IG22.1100; so of vine-dressers, gardeners, etc., Pl.Tht. 178d, Ael.NA7.28; γ. ὄχλος the peasantry, D.H.10.53; γ. βίος prob. in Ar. Pax 589;δένδρων ὧν γ. αἵδε αἱ χεῖρες Philostr.VA2.26
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > γεωργός
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