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21 maniquí
m.1 mannequin, manikin, lay figure, dummy.2 tailor's dummy, fashion model, dressmaker's dummy.* * *► nombre masculino (pl maniquíes)1 (muñeco) dummy, mannequin1 (modelo) model* * *noun mf.* * *1.SMF * poser *2. SM1) (=muñeco) [de sastre, escaparate] dummy, mannequin; (Esgrima) dummy figure2) (=títere) puppet3.SF (=modelo) model* * *masculino y femeninoa) ( persona) modelb) maniquí masculino (de sastre, escaparate) mannequin, dummy* * *= tailor's dummy, mannequin, clothes horse [clotheshorse].Nota: Usado frecuentemente pejorativamente para referirse a una persona que viste bien pero no saber hacer nada más.Ex. I have used the following as structures on which to mount displays: art-room drawing tables and sketch boards, metal- and woodwork-shop benches and materials, tailor's dummies and stage platforms.Ex. A mannequin head is used to teach the swinging flashlight test for examining eye pupils.Ex. Sometimes you do feel like a clothes-horse being dressed and poked and prodded, but you are not in a position to take offense when you are being paid a good wage to be a clothes-horse.* * *masculino y femeninoa) ( persona) modelb) maniquí masculino (de sastre, escaparate) mannequin, dummy* * *= tailor's dummy, mannequin, clothes horse [clotheshorse].Nota: Usado frecuentemente pejorativamente para referirse a una persona que viste bien pero no saber hacer nada más.Ex: I have used the following as structures on which to mount displays: art-room drawing tables and sketch boards, metal- and woodwork-shop benches and materials, tailor's dummies and stage platforms.
Ex: A mannequin head is used to teach the swinging flashlight test for examining eye pupils.Ex: Sometimes you do feel like a clothes-horse being dressed and poked and prodded, but you are not in a position to take offense when you are being paid a good wage to be a clothes-horse.* * *1 (persona) model2* * *
maniquí sustantivo masculino y femenino
b)
maniquí m Cost Com dummy
' maniquí' also found in these entries:
English:
dummy
* * *♦ nmdummy, mannequin♦ nmf[modelo] model* * *I m dummyII m/f model* * ** * * -
22 banco de carpintero
workbench* * ** * *(n.) = woodwork-shop benchEx. I have used the following as structures on which to mount displays: art-room drawing tables and sketch boards, metal- and woodwork-shop benches and materials, tailor's dummies and stage platforms.* * ** * *(n.) = woodwork-shop benchEx: I have used the following as structures on which to mount displays: art-room drawing tables and sketch boards, metal- and woodwork-shop benches and materials, tailor's dummies and stage platforms.
* * *carpenter’s bench -
23 banco de mecánico
(n.) = metal-shop benchEx. I have used the following as structures on which to mount displays: art-room drawing tables and sketch boards, metal- and woodwork- shop benches and materials, tailor's dummies and stage platforms.* * *(n.) = metal-shop benchEx: I have used the following as structures on which to mount displays: art-room drawing tables and sketch boards, metal- and woodwork- shop benches and materials, tailor's dummies and stage platforms.
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24 mesa de dibujante
(n.) = sketch boardEx. I have used the following as structures on which to mount displays: art-room drawing tables and sketch boards, metal- and woodwork-shop benches and materials, tailor's dummies and stage platforms.* * *(n.) = sketch boardEx: I have used the following as structures on which to mount displays: art-room drawing tables and sketch boards, metal- and woodwork-shop benches and materials, tailor's dummies and stage platforms.
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25 tarima de escenario
(n.) = stage platformEx. I have used the following as structures on which to mount displays: art-room drawing tables and sketch boards, metal- and woodwork-shop benches and materials, tailor's dummies and stage platforms.* * *(n.) = stage platformEx: I have used the following as structures on which to mount displays: art-room drawing tables and sketch boards, metal- and woodwork-shop benches and materials, tailor's dummies and stage platforms.
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26 Talbot, William Henry Fox
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 11 February 1800 Melbury, Englandd. 17 September 1877 Lacock, Wiltshire, England[br]English scientist, inventor of negative—positive photography and practicable photo engraving.[br]Educated at Harrow, where he first showed an interest in science, and at Cambridge, Talbot was an outstanding scholar and a formidable mathematician. He published over fifty scientific papers and took out twelve English patents. His interests outside the field of science were also wide and included Assyriology, etymology and the classics. He was briefly a Member of Parliament, but did not pursue a parliamentary career.Talbot's invention of photography arose out of his frustrating attempts to produce acceptable pencil sketches using popular artist's aids, the camera discura and camera lucida. From his experiments with the former he conceived the idea of placing on the screen a paper coated with silver salts so that the image would be captured chemically. During the spring of 1834 he made outline images of subjects such as leaves and flowers by placing them on sheets of sensitized paper and exposing them to sunlight. No camera was involved and the first images produced using an optical system were made with a solar microscope. It was only when he had devised a more sensitive paper that Talbot was able to make camera pictures; the earliest surviving camera negative dates from August 1835. From the beginning, Talbot noticed that the lights and shades of his images were reversed. During 1834 or 1835 he discovered that by placing this reversed image on another sheet of sensitized paper and again exposing it to sunlight, a picture was produced with lights and shades in the correct disposition. Talbot had discovered the basis of modern photography, the photographic negative, from which could be produced an unlimited number of positives. He did little further work until the announcement of Daguerre's process in 1839 prompted him to publish an account of his negative-positive process. Aware that his photogenic drawing process had many imperfections, Talbot plunged into further experiments and in September 1840, using a mixture incorporating a solution of gallic acid, discovered an invisible latent image that could be made visible by development. This improved calotype process dramatically shortened exposure times and allowed Talbot to take portraits. In 1841 he patented the process, an exercise that was later to cause controversy, and between 1844 and 1846 produced The Pencil of Nature, the world's first commercial photographically illustrated book.Concerned that some of his photographs were prone to fading, Talbot later began experiments to combine photography with printing and engraving. Using bichromated gelatine, he devised the first practicable method of photo engraving, which was patented as Photoglyphic engraving in October 1852. He later went on to use screens of gauze, muslin and finely powdered gum to break up the image into lines and dots, thus anticipating modern photomechanical processes.Talbot was described by contemporaries as the "Father of Photography" primarily in recognition of his discovery of the negative-positive process, but he also produced the first photomicrographs, took the first high-speed photographs with the aid of a spark from a Leyden jar, and is credited with proposing infra-red photography. He was a shy man and his misguided attempts to enforce his calotype patent made him many enemies. It was perhaps for this reason that he never received the formal recognition from the British nation that his family felt he deserved.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS March 1831. Royal Society Rumford Medal 1842. Grand Médaille d'Honneur, L'Exposition Universelle, Paris, 1855. Honorary Doctorate of Laws, Edinburgh University, 1863.Bibliography1839, "Some account of the art of photographic drawing", Royal Society Proceedings 4:120–1; Phil. Mag., XIV, 1839, pp. 19–21.8 February 1841, British patent no. 8842 (calotype process).1844–6, The Pencil of Nature, 6 parts, London (Talbot'a account of his invention can be found in the introduction; there is a facsimile edn, with an intro. by Beamont Newhall, New York, 1968.Further ReadingH.J.P.Arnold, 1977, William Henry Fox Talbot, London.D.B.Thomas, 1964, The First Negatives, London (a lucid concise account of Talbot's photograph work).J.Ward and S.Stevenson, 1986, Printed Light, Edinburgh (an essay on Talbot's invention and its reception).H.Gernsheim and A.Gernsheim, 1977, The History of Photography, London (a wider picture of Talbot, based primarily on secondary sources).JWBiographical history of technology > Talbot, William Henry Fox
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27 مهارة
مَهَارَة \ ability: power of cleverness that is needed for success: He has the ability to learn, but he is lazy, powers and skills, esp. of the mind: He wants a job more suited to his abilities. accomplishment: skill in a social art: Playing the violin was one of her many accomplishments. art: an activity in which sth. of beauty is made; skill: the art of painting pictures. cleverness: the quality of being clever. proficiency: being proficient. skill: the ability to do sth. well; a particular kind of ability: Skill can be gained by practice. An aritst has natural skill. \ See Also فن (فَنّ)، بَراعة قدرة عَقْليّة \ مَهَارَة تقنيَّة \ know-how: knowledge gained by experience. \ مَهَارَة خاصَّة \ knack: a special skill that enables sb. to do sth. easily: She has the knack of drawing people’s faces. -
28 de
de [də]━━━━━━━━━1. preposition2. article━━━━━━━━━1. <━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque de fait partie d'une locution du type décider de, content de, de plus en plus, reportez-vous à l'autre mot.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━a. (provenance) from• les voisins du 2e étage the neighbours on the 2nd floorc. (destination) tod. (appartenance) of━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque de sert à exprimer l'appartenance, il se traduit par of ; on préférera toutefois souvent le génitif lorsque le possesseur est une personne ou un animal.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Après un pluriel se terminant par un s, l'apostrophe s'utilise sans s.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► On ajoute cependant le 's après un nom commun se terminant par ss.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Dans le cas où le possesseur est une chose, l'anglais supprime parfois le 's.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• les romanciers du 20e siècle 20th-century novelistsf. (matière)━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► En anglais, un nom en apposition sert souvent à décrire la matière dont quelque chose est fait.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• c'est de qui ? who is it by?i. ( = avec)━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque de signifie avec, au moyen de, à l'aide de, ou exprime la manière ou la cause, la traduction dépend du contexte ; reportez-vous à l'autre mot.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━j. ( = par) il gagne 30 € de l'heure he earns 30 euros an hourk. ( = durant) de jour during the day• il est d'une bêtise ! he's so stupid!• tu as de ces idées ! you have the strangest ideas!• une pièce de 6 m2 a room 6 metres square• un chèque de 100 € a cheque for 100 euros► de... à from... to• de chez moi à la gare, il y a 5 km it's 5km from my house to the station2. <━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► L'article de n'est souvent pas traduit mais il peut parfois être rendu par some.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• au déjeuner, nous avons eu du poulet we had chicken for lunch• c'est du vol ! that's robbery!b. (interrogation, hypothèse)━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• accepteriez-vous de l'argent liquide ? would you take cash?• as-tu de l'argent ? have you got any money?• as-tu rencontré des randonneurs ? did you meet any hikers?• si tu achètes du vin, j'en prendrai aussi if you buy some wine, I'll buy some too━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Dans les offres polies, on utilise plus souvent some.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• voulez-vous des œufs ? would you like some eggs?• vous ne voulez vraiment pas de vin ? are you sure you don't want some wine?c. ► pas... de... not any... no...* * *(d' before vowel or mute h) də, d préposition1) ( indiquant l'origine) fromà 20 mètres de là — 20 metres [BrE] from there
un vin de Grèce — ( rapporté de là-bas) a wine from Greece; ( fait là-bas) a Greek wine
2) ( indiquant la progression)de...à, de...en — from...to
3) ( indiquant la destination) to4) ( indiquant la cause)5) ( indiquant la manière) in6) ( indiquant le moyen) with7) ( indiquant l'agent) by8) ( indiquant la durée)travailler de nuit/de jour — to work at night/during the day
9) (indiquant l'appartenance, la dépendance)le vin du tonneau — ( qui s'y trouve) the wine in the barrel; ( qu'on a tiré) the wine from the barrel
11) ( détermination par le contenu) of12) ( détermination par la quantité) ofune minute de silence — one minute of silence, a minute's silence
13) ( détermination par le lieu) of14) ( détermination par le temps) of15) (détermination par la dimension, la mesure)être long de 20 mètres — to be 20 metres [BrE] long
16) (détermination par la nature, fonction, matière)17) ( apposition) ofl'ourlet a deux centimètres de trop — the hem is two centimetres [BrE] too long
quelque chose/rien de nouveau — something/nothing new
c'est quelqu'un de célèbre — he's/she's famous
c'est ça de fait — (colloq) that's that out of the way
19) ( avec un infinitif)20) ( après un déverbal)21) ( après un superlatif) gén of; ( avec un lieu ou ensemble assimilé) in22) (colloq) (en corrélation avec le pronom un, une)pour une gaffe, c'en est une, de gaffe! — as blunders go, that was a real one!
23) ( dans une comparaison chiffrée) thanplus/moins de 10 — more/less than 10
••
Certains emplois de la préposition de sont traités ailleurs dans le dictionnaire, notammentlorsque de introduit le complément de verbes transitifs indirects comme douter de, jouer de, de verbes à double complément comme recevoir quelque chose de quelqu'un, de certains noms comme désir de, obligation de, de certains adjectifs comme fier de, plein delorsque de fait partie de locutions comme d'abord, de travers ou de composés comme chemin de fer, pomme de terreD'autres renvois essentiels apparaissent dans l'entrée ci-dessous, mais on se reportera également aux notes d'usage répertoriées pour certaines constructionsde article indéfini pluriel est traité avec un IL'article partitif: de, de l', de la, duLorsqu'il exprime une généralité non quantifiée ou une alternative, de, article partitif ne se traduit pas: manger de la viande/du lapin/des oeufs = to eat meat/rabbit/eggs; il ne boit jamais de vin = he never drinks wine; tu prends du café au petit déjeuner? = do you have coffee for breakfast?; voulez-vous de la bière ou du vin? = would you like beer or wine?; il ne veut pas de vin mais de la bière = he doesn't want wine, he wants beerLorsque l'idée de quantité est présente il se traduit par some ou any: achète de la bière/des bananes = buy some beer/some bananas; voulez-vous de la bière? = would you like some beer?; évidemment, tu leur as donné de l'argent? = of course, you gave them some money?; y a-t-il du soleil? = is there any sun?; il n'y a pas de soleil = there isn't any sun, there's no sun; il y a rarement du soleil = there's seldom any sun; il n'y a jamais de soleil = there's never any sun; il n'y a plus de vin = there isn't any more wineEt lorsque qu'il s'agit d'une partie déterminée d'un tout, il se traduit par some of ou any of: elle a mangé des gâteaux que j'ai achetés = she has eaten some of the cakes I bought; a-t-elle bu du vin que j'ai apporté? = did she drink any of the wine I brought?; je ne prendrai plus de ce mélange = I won't take any more of this mixture* * *de1. nm1) (à jouer) dice2) (dé à coudre) thimble2. dés nmpl1) (= jeu) dice, game of dice2) CUISINE* * *1 ( indiquant l'origine) from; leur départ/le train de Bruxelles their departure/the train from Brussels; il arrive du Japon he's just come from Japan; de la fenêtre, on peut voir… from the window, one can see…; à 20 mètres de là 20 metresGB from there; de ce moment fml from that moment; un enfant de mon premier mari/mariage a child by my first husband/from my first marriage; elle est de Taiwan she's from Taiwan; un vin de Grèce ( rapporté de là-bas) a wine from Greece; ( fait là-bas) a Greek wine; né de parents immigrés born of immigrant parents; il est de père italien et de mère chinoise his father is Italian and his mother Chinese; le bébé est de février the baby was born in February; de méfiant il est devenu paranoïaque he went from being suspicious to being paranoid; d'ici là between now and then; d'ici la fin du mois by the end of the month; ⇒ par;2 ( indiquant la progression) de…à, de…en from…to; de 8 à 10 heures from 8 to 10 (o'clock); de mardi à samedi, du mardi au samedi from Tuesday to Saturday; du matin au soir from morning till night; d'une semaine à l'autre from one week to the next; de Lisbonne à Berlin from Lisbon to Berlin; de l'équateur aux pôles from the equator to the poles; de ville en ville from town to town; d'heure en heure from hour to hour; de déception en désillusion from disappointment to disillusion; ⇒ Charybde, long, moins, moment, place, plus;3 ( indiquant la destination) to; le train de Paris the train to Paris, the Paris train;4 ( indiquant la cause) mourir de soif/de chagrin/d'une pneumonie to die of thirst/of a broken heart/of pneumonia; phobie de l'eau/la foule fear of water/crowds; des larmes de désespoir tears of despair; un hurlement de terreur a scream of terror; pleurer de rage to cry with rage; hurler de terreur to scream with terror; trembler de froid to shiver with cold; ⇒ joie;5 ( indiquant la manière) in; parler d'un ton monocorde to speak in a monotone; s'exprimer de manière élégante to express oneself in an elegant way; plaisanterie d'un goût douteux joke in dubious taste; tirer de toutes ses forces to pull with all one's might; il a répondu d'un geste obscène he answered with an obscene gesture; ⇒ beau, cœur, concert, mémoire, tac, trait;6 ( indiquant le moyen) with; pousser qch du pied to push sth aside with one's foot; soulever qch d'une main to lift sth with one hand; gravure/graver de la pointe d'un couteau engraving/to engrave with the point of a knife; suspendu des deux mains hanging by two hands; déjeuner/vivre de saucisses et de haricots to lunch/to live on sausages and beans; il a fait de sa chambre un bureau he made his bedroom into a study; ⇒ coup, coude;7 ( indiquant l'agent) by; un poème/dessin de Victor Hugo a poem/drawing by Victor Hugo; avoir un enfant de qn to have a child by sb; respecté de tous respected by all;8 ( indiquant la durée) travailler de nuit/de jour to work at night/during the day; ne rien faire de la journée/semaine to do nothing all day/week; de ma vie je n'avais vu ça I had never seen such a thing in my life; ⇒ temps;9 (indiquant l'appartenance, la dépendance) les chapeaux de Paul/de mon frère/de mes parents Paul's/my brother's/my parents' hats; les oreilles de l'ours/de mon chat the bear's/my cat's ears; la politique de leur gouvernement/de la France their government's/France's policy, the policy of their government/of France; un élève du professeur Talbin one of professor Talbin's students; l'immensité de l'espace/la mer the immensity of space/the sea; le toit de la maison the roof of the house; la porte de la chambre the bedroom door; les rideaux de la chambre sont sales the bedroom curtains are dirty; j'ai lavé les rideaux de la chambre I washed the bedroom curtains; le cadran du téléphone the dial on the telephone; c'est bien de lui it's just like him;10 ( détermination par le contenant) le foin de la grange the hay in the barn; le vin du tonneau ( qui s'y trouve) the wine in the barrel; ( qu'on a tiré) the wine from the barrel;11 ( détermination par le contenu) of; une tasse de café a cup of coffee; un sac de charbon a sack of coal;12 ( détermination par la quantité) of; cinq pages de roman five pages of a novel; deux mètres de tissu two metresGB of material; trois litres de vin three litresGB of wine; une minute de silence one minute of silence, a minute's silence; quatre heures de musique four hours of music; deux milliardièmes de seconde two billionths of a second; le quart de mes économies a quarter of my savings; la totalité or l'ensemble de leurs œuvres the whole of their works; les sept maisons du hameau the seven houses of the hamlet;13 ( détermination par le lieu) of; les pyramides d'Égypte the pyramids of Egypt; le roi de Brunéi the King of Brunei; le premier ministre du Japon the prime minister of Japan, the Japanese prime minister; le comte de Monte-Cristo the Count of Monte-Cristo;14 ( détermination par le temps) of; les ordinateurs de demain the computers of tomorrow; le 20 du mois the 20th of the month; la réunion de samedi Saturday's meeting; la réunion du 20 juin the meeting on 20 June; le train de 15 heures the 3 o'clock train; les ventes de juin the June sales;15 (détermination par la dimension, la mesure) un livre de 200 pages a 200-page book; un spectacle de deux heures a two-hour show; une grue de 50 tonnes a 50-tonne crane; être long de 20 mètres, avoir 20 mètres de long to be 20 metresGB long; 20 euros de l'heure 20 euros an hour; enceinte de trois mois three months' pregnant; on aura deux heures d'attente we'll have a two-hour wait; on aura deux heures de retard we'll be two hours late; trop lourd de trois kilos three kilos too heavy; plus/moins de trois more/less than three; elle est la plus âgée/jeune de deux ans she's the oldest/youngest by two years;16 (détermination par la nature, fonction, matière) un billet de train a train ticket; une statue de cristal a crystal statue; un livre de géographie a geography book; un professeur de botanique a botany teacher; un chapeau de cow-boy a cowboy hat; une salle de réunion a meeting room; une robe de coton rouge a red cotton dress; une bulle d'air/de savon an air/a soap bubble; un joueur de tennis a tennis player; un produit de qualité a quality product; un travail de qualité quality work; un spécialiste de l'électronique an electronics expert, an expert in electronics; un homme de bon sens a man of common sense; la théorie de la relativité the theory of relativity; ⇒ bois, laine;17 ( apposition) of; le mois de juillet the month of July; la ville de Singapour the city of Singapore; le titre de duc the title of duke; le nom de Flore the name Flore; le terme de quark the term quark;18 ( avec attribut du nom ou du pronom) trois personnes de tuées three people killed; une jambe de cassée a broken leg; un seul ticket de valable only one valid ticket; deux heures de libres two hours free; 200 euros de plus 200 euros more; l'ourlet a deux centimètres de trop the hem is two centimetresGB too long; ton imbécile de frère your stupid brother; quelque chose/rien de nouveau something/nothing new; je n'ai jamais rien vu de semblable I've never seen anything like it; c'est quelqu'un de célèbre he's/she's famous; c'est ça de fait○ that's that out of the way, that's that taken care of;19 ( avec un infinitif) de la voir ainsi me peinait seeing her like that upset me; ça me peinait de la voir ainsi it upset me to see her like that; et eux/toute la salle de rire and they/the whole audience laughed; être content de faire to be happy to do;20 ( après un déverbal) le filtrage de l'eau pose de gros problèmes filtering water poses big problems; le remplacement de la chaudière a coûté très cher replacing the boiler was very expensive;21 ( après un superlatif) gén of; ( avec un lieu ou ensemble assimilé) in; le plus jeune des trois frères the youngest of the three brothers; le roi des rois the king of kings; le plus grand restaurant de la ville the biggest restaurant in the town; le plus vieux de la classe/famille the oldest in the class/family;22 ○(en corrélation avec le pronom un, une) pour une gaffe, c'en est une, de gaffe! as blunders go, that was a real one!; est-ce que j'en ai une, moi, de voiture? and me, have I got a car?;23 ( dans une comparaison chiffrée) than; plus/moins de 10 more/less than 10.[də] (devant voyelle ou 'h' muet d' [d], contraction de 'de' avec 'le' du [dy], contraction de 'de' avec 'les' des [de]) prépositionA.[INDIQUANT L'ORIGINE, LE POINT DE DÉPART]1. [indiquant la provenance] fromil a sorti un lapin de son chapeau he produced ou pulled a rabbit out of his hat2. [à partir de]de quelques fleurs des champs, elle a fait un bouquet she made a posy out of ou from a few wild flowers3. [indiquant l'auteur] by4. [particule]B.[DANS LE TEMPS]1. [à partir de] from2. [indiquant le moment]de jour during the ou by dayle train de 9 h 30 the 9.30 train[depuis]de longtemps, on n'avait vu cela such a thing hadn't been seen for a long timeC.[INDIQUANT LA CAUSE]mourir de peur/de faim to die of fright/of hungerse tordre de douleur/de rire to be doubled up in pain/with laughterD.[INDIQUANT LE MOYEN, L'INSTRUMENT]E.[INDIQUANT LA MANIÈRE]F.[AVEC DES NOMBRES, DES MESURES]1. [emploi distributif]50 euros de l'heure 50 euros per ou an hour2. [introduisant une mesure]un moteur de 15 chevaux a 15 h.p. engine3. [indiquant une différence dans le temps, l'espace, la quantité]G.[INDIQUANT L'APPARTENANCE]la maison de mes parents/Marie my parents'/Marie's houseles pays de l'UE the countries in the EU, the EU countriespour les membres du club for members of the club ou club membersH.[MARQUANT LA DÉTERMINATION]1. [indiquant la matière, la qualité, le genre etc.]elle est d'un snob! she is so snobbish!, she's such a snob!2. [indiquant le contenu, le contenant]a. [récipient] a flowerpotb. [fleurs] a pot of flowers3. [dans un ensemble]4. [avec une valeur emphatique]I.[SERVANT DE LIEN SYNTAXIQUE]1. [après un verbe]parler de quelque chose to speak about ou of something2. [après un substantif]3. [après un adjectif]4. [après un pronom]5. [devant un adjectif, participe ou adverbe]restez une semaine de plus stay (for) one more ou an extra week6. [introduisant un nom en apposition]7. [indiquant le sujet d'un ouvrage]‘De l'art d'être mère’ ‘The Art of Being a Mother’8. (littéraire) [introduisant un infinitif]————————[də] (devant voyelle ou 'h' muet d' [d], contraction de 'de' avec 'le' du [dy], contraction de 'de' avec 'les' des [de]) article partitif1. [dans une affirmation]c'est de la provocation/de l'entêtement! it's sheer provocation/pig-headedness!chanter du Fauré to sing some Fauré ou a piece by Fauré[dans une interrogation][dans une négation]il n'y a pas de place there's no room, there isn't any room2. [exprimant une comparaison]ça c'est du Julien tout craché ou du pur Julien that's Julien all over, that's typical of Julien————————[də] (devant voyelle ou 'h' muet d' [d], contraction de 'de' avec 'le' du [dy], contraction de 'de' avec 'les' des [de]) article défini[dans une affirmation]il a de bonnes idées he has ou he's got (some) good ideas[dans une négation]————————de... à locution correlative1. [dans l'espace] from... to2. [dans le temps] from... toa. [progressivement] from one minute to the nextb. [bientôt] any minute ou time now3. [dans une énumération] from... to4. [dans une évaluation]————————de... en locution correlative1. [dans l'espace] from... to2. [dans le temps]le nombre d'étudiants augmente d'année en année the number of students is getting bigger by the year ou every year ou from one year to the next3. [dans une évolution]de déduction en déduction, il avait trouvé le coupable he'd deduced who the culprit was -
29 Bewick, Thomas
SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing[br]b. August 1753 Cherryburn House, Ovingham, Northumberland, Englandd. 8 November 1828 Gateshead, England[br]English perfecter of wood-engraving.[br]The son of a farmer, Bewick was educated locally, but his progress was unremarkable save for demonstrating an intense love of nature and of drawing. In 1767 he was apprenticed to Ralph Beilby, an engraver in Newcastle. Wood-engraving at that time was at a low ebb, restricted largely to crude decorative devices, and Hogarth, commenting on a recent book on the art, doubted whether it would ever recover. Beilby's business was of a miscellaneous character, but Bewick's interest in wood-engraving was noticed and encouraged: Beilby submitted several of his engravings to the Royal Society of Arts, which awarded a premium of £80 for them. His apprenticeship ended in 1774 and he went to London, where he readily found employment with several printers. The call of the north was too strong, however, and two years later he returned to Newcastle, entering into partnership with Beilby. With the publication of Select Fables in 1784, Bewick really showed both his expertise in the art of wood-engraving as a medium for book illustration and his talents as an artist. His engravings for the History of British Birds mark the high point of his achievement. The second volume of this work appeared in 1804, the year in which his partnership with Beilby was dissolved.The essential feature of Bewick's wood-engravings involved cutting across the grain of the wood instead of along it, as in the old woodcut technique. The wood surface thus obtained offered a much more sensitive medium for engraving than before. It paved the way for the flowering of engraving on wood, and then on steel, for the production of illustrated material for an ever wider public through the Victorian age.[br]Bibliography1864, Memoir of Thomas Bewick (autobiography, completed by his daughter). 1784, Select Fables.Further ReadingM.Weekley, 1963, Thomas Bewick, Oxford: Oxford University Press.LRD -
30 हस्तः _hastḥ
हस्तः [हस्-तन् न इट् Uṇ.3.86]1 The hand; हस्तं गत 'fallen in the hand or possession of'; गौतमीहस्ते विसर्जयि- ष्यामि Ś.3 'I shall send it by Gautamī'; so हस्ते पतिता; हस्तसंनिहितां कुरु &c.; शंभुना दत्तहस्ता Me.62 'leaning on Śam- bhu's hand'; हस्ते-कृ1 (हस्तेकृत्य-कृत्वा) 'to take or seize by the hand, take hold of the hand, take in hand, take possession of'; Prov.:--हस्तकङ्कणं किं दर्पणे प्रेक्ष्यते Karpūr. 'sight requires no mirror'.-2 The truck of an elephant; Ku.1.36; अथवा हस्तिहस्तचञ्चलानि पुरुषभाग्यानि भवन्ति Avimārakam 2.-3 N. of the 13th lunar mansion consisting of five stars.-4 The fore-arm, cu- bit, a measure of length (equal to 24 aṅgulas or about 18 inches, being the distance between the elbow and the tip of the middle finger).-5 Hand-writing, signa- ture; धनी वोपगतं दद्यात् स्वहस्तपरिचिह्नितम् Y.1.319; स्वहस्त- कालसंपन्नं शासनम् 1.32 'bearing date and signature'; धार्यतामयं प्रियायाः स्वहस्तः V.2 'the autograph of my beloved'; 2.2.-6 (Hence fig.) Proof, in- dication; Mu.3.-7 Help, assistance, support; वात्या खेदं कृशाङ्ग्याः सुचिरमवयवैर्दत्तहस्ता करोति Ve.2.21.-8 A mass, quantity, abundance (of hair), in comp. with केश, कच &c.; पाशः पक्षश्च हस्तश्च कलापार्थाः कचात् Ak.; रतिविगलितबन्धे केशहस्ते सुकेश्याः सति कुसुमसनाथे किं करोत्यषे वहीं V.4.22.-स्तम् 1 A pair of leather-bellows.-2 Skill (in using the hand); कलासु कौशलमक्षभूमिहस्तादिषु Dk. 2.2.-Comp. -अक्षरम् one's own hand or signature, one's own sign-manual.-अग्रम् the finger (being the extremity of the hand).-अङ्गुलिः f. any finger of the hand.-अभ्यासः contact with the hand.-अवलम्बः, आलम्बनम् support of the hand; दत्तहस्तावलम्बे प्रारम्भे Ratn.1.8 'being aided or helped on'.-आमलकम् 'the fruit of the myrobalan held in the hand', a phrase used to denote that which can be clearly and easily seen or understood; cf. करतलामलकफलवदखिलं जगदालोकयताम् K.43.-आवापः 1 a finger-guard (ज्याघातवारणम्); V.5; Ś.6.-2 a hand-fetter; व्यालकुञ्जरदुर्गेषु सर्पचोरभयेषु च । हस्तावापेन गच्छन्ति नास्तिकाः किमतः परम् ॥ Mb.12.181.5.-कमलम् 1 a lotus carried in the hand.-2 a lotus-like hand.-कौशलम् manual dexterity.-क्रिया manual work or performance, handicraft.-गत, -गामिन् a. come to hand, fallen into one's possession, obtained, secured; त्वं प्रार्थ्यसे हस्तगता ममैभिः R.7.67;8.1.-ग्राहः taking by the hand.-चापल्यम् = हस्तकौशलम् q. v.-तलम् 1 the palm of the hand.-2 the tip of an ele- phant's trunk.-तालः striking the palms together, clap- ping the hands.-तुला 'hand-balance', weighing in the hand; हस्ततुलयापि निपुणाः पलप्रमाणं विजानन्ति Pt.2.83.-दक्षिण a.1 situated on the right hand.-2 Right, correct.-दोषः a slip of the hand.-धारणम्, -वारणम् warding off a blow (with the hand).-पादम् the hands and feet; न मे हस्तपादं प्रसरति Ś.4.-पुच्छम् the hand below the wrist.-पृष्ठम् the back of the hand.-प्रद a. sup- porting, helping.-प्राप्त, -वर्तिन्, -स्थ, -स्थित a.1 held in the hand.-2 gained, secured.-प्राप्य a. easily accessible to the hand; that can be reached with the hand; हस्तप्राप्यस्तबकनमितो बालमन्दारवृक्षः Me.77.-बिम्बम् perfuming the body with unguents.-भ्रष्ट a. escaped.-मणिः a jewel worn on the wrist.-रोधम् ind. in the hands; हस्तरोधं दधद् धनुः Bk.5.32.-लाघवम् 1 manual readiness or skill.-2 a sleight of the hand, legerdemain.-लेखः Sketching practice before producing an object of art, hand-drawing; अस्यैव सर्गाय भवत्करस्य सरोजसृष्टिर्मम हस्तलेखः N.7.72; हस्तलेखमसृजत् खलु जन्मस्थानरेणुकमसौ भवदर्थम् ibid.21.69.-वापः = हस्तक्षेपः shooting (arrows) with the hand; यस्यैकषष्टिर्निशितास्तीक्ष्णधाराः सुवाससः संमतो हस्तवापः Mb. 5.23.22.-वाम a. situated on the left (or wrong) hand.-विन्यासः position of the hands.-संवाहनम् rub- bing or shampooing with the hands; संभोगान्ते मम समुचितो हस्तसंवाहनानां यास्यत्युरुः सरसकदलीगर्भगौरश्चलत्वम् Me.98.-सिद्धिः f.1 manual labour, doing with the hands.-2 hire, wages.-सूत्रम् a bracelet or thread-string worn on the wrist; धात्र्यङ्गुलीभिः प्रतिसार्यमाणमूर्णामयं कौतुकहस्त- सूत्रम् Ku.7.25.-स्वस्तिकः crossing the hands; स्तनविनि- हितहस्तस्वस्तिकाभिर्वधूभिः Māl.4.1.-हार्य a. manifest. -
31 γραφικός
A capable of drawing or painting, Pl.Tht. 144e, Ael.VH14.37: [comp] Comp., a better judge of painting, ib.2.3: - κή (sc. τέχνη), ἡ, the art of painting, Pl. Grg. 450c, etc.2 of things, as if painted,Ἔρωτες Plu.Ant.26
(so Adv. - κῶς ibid., 2.747c, Luc.Im.15); picturesque,πρόσοψις D.S.2.53
.II of or for writing, suited for writing: -κή, ἡ, the art of writing, Hp.VM20; γ. λέξις, opp. ἀγωνιστική, Arist.Rh. 1413b8;δύναμις Alcid.Soph.29
; γ. ῥέεθρον, i.e. ink, AP6.63 (Damoch.);κάλαμος Gp.10.75.8
, PGrenf.2.38.7 (i A. D.);μέλαν Gal.6.565
; in writing, γ. ἁμάρτημα a clerical error, Plb.34.3.11.3 able to describe, Plu.2.874b, Luc.Alex.3; of style, graphic, lively, D.H.Amm.1.4; ὑπόθεσις γ. a subject for description, Plu.Alex.17.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > γραφικός
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32 Daguerre, Louis Jacques Mandé
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 18 November 1787 Carmeilles-en-Parisis, Franced. 10 July 1851 Petit-Bry-sur-Marne, France[br]French inventor of the first practicable photographic process.[br]The son of a minor official in a magistrate's court, Daguerre showed an early aptitude for drawing. He was first apprenticed to an architect, but in 1804 he moved to Paris to learn the art of stage design. He was particularly interested in perspective and lighting, and later showed great ingenuity in lighting stage sets. Fascinated by a popular form of entertainment of the period, the panorama, he went on to create a variant of it called the diorama. It is assumed that he used a camera obscura for perspective drawings and, by purchasing it from the optician Chevalier, he made contact with Joseph Nicéphore Niepce. In 1829 Niepce and Daguerre entered into a formal partnership to perfect Niepce's heliographic process, but the partnership was dissolved when Niepce died in 1833, when only limited progress had been made. Daguerre continued experimenting alone, however, using iodine and silver plates; by 1837 he had discovered that images formed in the camera obscura could be developed by mercury vapour and fixed with a hot salt solution. After unsuccessfully attempting to sell his process, Daguerre approached F.J.D. Arago, of the Académie des Sciences, who announced the discovery in 1839. Details of Daguerre's work were not published until August of that year when the process was presented free to the world, except England. With considerable business acumen, Daguerre had quietly patented the process through an agent, Miles Berry, in London a few days earlier. He also granted a monopoly to make and sell his camera to a Monsieur Giroux, a stationer by trade who happened to be a relation of Daguerre's wife. The daguerreotype process caused a sensation when announced. Daguerre was granted a pension by a grateful government and honours were showered upon him all over the world. It was a direct positive process on silvered copper plates and, in fact, proved to be a technological dead end. The future was to lie with negative-positive photography devised by Daguerre's British contemporary, W.H.F. Talbot, although Daguerre's was the first practicable photographic process to be announced. It captured the public's imagination and in an improved form was to dominate professional photographic practice for more than a decade.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsOfficier de la Légion d'honneur 1839. Honorary FRS 1839. Honorary Fellow of the National Academy of Design, New York, 1839. Honorary Fellow of the Vienna Academy 1843. Pour le Mérite, bestowed by Frederick William IV of Prussia, 1843.Bibliography14 August 1839, British patent no. 8,194 (daguerrotype photographic process).The announcement and details of Daguerre's invention were published in both serious and popular English journals. See, for example, 1839 publications of Athenaeum, Literary Gazette, Magazine of Science and Mechanics Magazine.Further ReadingH.Gernsheim and A.Gernsheim, 1956, L.J.M. Daguerre (the standard account of Daguerre's work).—1969, The History of Photography, rev. edn, London (a very full account).J.M.Eder, 1945, History of Photography, trans. E. Epstean, New York (a very full account).JWBiographical history of technology > Daguerre, Louis Jacques Mandé
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33 Perspektive
f; -, n perspective (auch fig.); fig. (Gesichtspunkt) point of view, angle; (Aussicht) auch prospect(s Pl.); hier stimmt die Perspektive nicht he’s etc. got the perspective wrong; enge Perspektive fig. narrow view ( oder perspective); etw. aus der richtigen Perspektive sehen see s.th. in perspective, get the right angle on s.th.; etw. aus einer anderen Perspektive betrachten look at s.th. from a different angle* * *die Perspektiveperspective* * *Per|spek|ti|ve [pErspɛk'tiːvə]f -, -n (ART, OPT)perspective; (= Blickpunkt) angle; (= Gesichtspunkt) point of view, angle; (fig = Zukunftsausblick) prospects plaus dieser Perspektive wirkt das Haus viel größer — the house looks much bigger from this angle
für etw keine Perspektive sehen — to see no future for sth
* * *die1) (the way of drawing solid objects, natural scenes etc on a flat surface, so that they appear to have the correct shape, distance from each other etc: Early medieval paintings lacked perspective.) perspective2) (a picture or view of something: I would like a clearer perspective of the situation.) perspective* * *Per·spek·ti·ve<-, -n>[pɛrspɛkˈti:və]f2. (Blickwinkel) perspective* * *die; Perspektive, Perspektiven (Optik, bild. Kunst, auch fig.) perspective; (Blickwinkel) angle; viewpoint; (Zukunftsaussicht) prospectaus soziologischer Perspektive/aus der Perspektive des Soziologen — (fig.) from a sociological viewpoint/the viewpoint of a sociologist
* * *Perspektive f; -, n perspective (auch fig); fig (Gesichtspunkt) point of view, angle; (Aussicht) auch prospect(s pl);hier stimmt die Perspektive nicht he’s etc got the perspective wrong;etwas aus der richtigen Perspektive sehen see sth in perspective, get the right angle on sth;etwas aus einer anderen Perspektive betrachten look at sth from a different angle* * *die; Perspektive, Perspektiven (Optik, bild. Kunst, auch fig.) perspective; (Blickwinkel) angle; viewpoint; (Zukunftsaussicht) prospectaus soziologischer Perspektive/aus der Perspektive des Soziologen — (fig.) from a sociological viewpoint/the viewpoint of a sociologist
* * *f.aspect n.perspective n.point of view n.prospect n. -
34 artes gráficas
f.pl.graphic arts, printing industries, graphics, graphics art of drawing.* * *graphic arts* * *las artes gráficas= graphic arts, theEx: Typography at present is treated as an aspect of communication; it should instead be considered as lying midway between the plastic and the graphic arts.
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35 लेख्य
lekhya
2) mfn. to be scratched orᅠ scraped orᅠ scarified Suṡr. ;
to be written orᅠ transcribed Yājñ. MārkP. ;
to be drawn orᅠ painted Yājñ. ;
to be portrayed, painted BhP. ;
to be written down orᅠ numbered among (loc.) Kāvyâd. ;
favourable to the gods (said of Vishṇu) Vishṇ. ( Sch.);
n. the act orᅠ the art of writing, Mbh. R. ;
copying, transcribing VarBṛS. ;
delineation, drawing, painting ib. ;
a writing, letter, manuscript Kām. Kathās. Sāh. ;
(in law) any written document (esp. a written accusation orᅠ defence) Vishṇ. Yājñ. (cf. IW. 293);
an inscription MBh. XIII, 6330 ;
( gaṇanā-) a catalogue, list of Ragh. ;
a painted figure BhP. ;
- लेख्यकृत
- लेख्यगत
- लेख्यचूर्णिका
- लेख्यदल
- लेख्यपत्त्र
- लेख्यपत्त्रक
- लेख्यपद्म
- लेख्यप्रसङ्ग
- लेख्यमय
- लेख्यरूप
- लेख्यस्थान
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36 πίναξ
A board, plank,πίνακάς τε νεῶν Od.12.67
;εὐγόμφοισιν.. πινάκεσσιν Opp.H.1.194
, cf. πινακηδόν; πίνακος κουρά sawdust, Hsch.: hence of things made of flat wood, metal, etc.,1 drawing- or writing-tablet, = δέλτος, γράψας ἐν π. πτυκτῷ Il.6.169;πίναξιν.. ἐγγεγραμμένα A.Supp. 946
;πινάκων ξεστῶν δέλτοι Ar.Th. 778
;ἐν χρυσῷ π. γράψαντες Pl.Criti. 120c
, cf. R. 501a; of a votive tablet hung on the image of a god, A.Supp. 463, cf. Arist.Pol. 1341a36, IG42(1).121.24(Epid., ivB. C., pl.), Herod.4.19, Str.8.6.15(pl.), etc.; Πίνακες tables or catalogues of authors, name of a work by Callimachus, D.L. 8.86, cf. Ath.6.244a, 13.585b, Suid. s.v. Καλλίμαχος; lists of philosophers, Plu.Sull.26;αἵ τ' ἀναγραφαὶ τῶν π. αἵ τε βυβλιοθῆκαι Phld. Sto.339.13
.2 trencher, platter,κρειῶν πίνακας παρέθηκεν Od.1.141
, cf. 16.49; ἐπ' ἀργυροῦ π. Philippid.9.4;π. χαλκοῦς Ath.4.128d
; salver,πίνακα.. μέγαν, ἔχοντα μικροὺς πέντε πινακίσκους Lync.1.5
, cf. 17,19;πίνακες ὑέλινοι Aët.7.106
.3 board for painting on, picture, Simon.178, Anaxandr.33.2;π. οἱ γραφόμενοι Thphr.HP5.7.4
, cf. IG 11(2).161A75 (Delos, iii B. C.).4 generally, plate with anything drawn or engraved on it, χάλκεος π., of a map, Hdt.5.49, cf. Plu. Thes.1; π. γεωγραφικός, first made by Anaximander, Str.1.1.11.5 board or tablet on which astronomical tables were drawn, ἡ περὶ πίνακα μέθοδος the art of casting nativities, Plu.Rom.12; ἀγυρτικοὶ π. Id.Comp.Arist.Cat.3, cf.πινάκιον 11.3
.b prov., ἐκ πίνακος καὶ πυλαίας, of a trivial fiction, Id.2.386b.6 public notice-board or register,π. ἐκκλησιαστικός D.44.35
, etc.; but δαμόσιος π. public archive, SIG 671A15 (Delph., ii B. C.). -
37 लेख्य _lēkhya
लेख्य a. [लिख्-ण्यत्] To be drawn, written, painted, scratched &c.; शैली दारुमयी लौही लेप्या लेख्या च सैकती । मनोमयी मणिमयी प्रतिमाष्टविधा स्मृता ॥ Bhāg.11.27.12.-ख्यम् 1 The art of writing.-2 Writing, transcribing; चकार यत्नं द्रुपदः सुतायाः सर्वकर्मसु । ततो लेख्यादिषु तथा शिल्पेषु च परंतप ॥ Mb.5.189.1.-3 A writing, a letter, document, manuscript.-5 An inscription.-6 Painting, drawing.-7 A painted figure.-Comp. -आरूढ, कृत a. committed to writing, done in writing.-गत a. painted, drawn in picture.-चूर्णिका a paint-brush, writing-pencil.-पत्रम्, -पत्रकम् 1 a writing, letter, document.-2 a palm-leaf.-प्रसंगः a document.-स्थानम् a writing place. -
38 perfiladura
f.art of drawing profiles; the sketching of outlines. -
39 veterina
vĕtĕrīnus, a, um, adj. [contr. from vehiterinus, from veho; cf. Fest. p. 369 Müll.], of or belonging to carrying or drawing burdens.I.Adj.: bestia, a beast of burden or draught, Cato ap. Fest. p. 369;B.called also pecus,
Arn. 3, 139:genus,
Plin. 11, 46, 106, § 255;hence also: semen equorum,
Lucr. 5, 890 (887); so,semen,
id. 5, 865 (862).—Substt.: vĕtĕrīnae, ārum, f., and vĕ-tĕrīna, ōrum, n., draught-cattle, beasts of burden, Varr. R. R. 1, 38, 3; Plin. 11, 37, 64, § 168; 11, 50, 111, § 265.—II. -
40 veterinae
vĕtĕrīnus, a, um, adj. [contr. from vehiterinus, from veho; cf. Fest. p. 369 Müll.], of or belonging to carrying or drawing burdens.I.Adj.: bestia, a beast of burden or draught, Cato ap. Fest. p. 369;B.called also pecus,
Arn. 3, 139:genus,
Plin. 11, 46, 106, § 255;hence also: semen equorum,
Lucr. 5, 890 (887); so,semen,
id. 5, 865 (862).—Substt.: vĕtĕrīnae, ārum, f., and vĕ-tĕrīna, ōrum, n., draught-cattle, beasts of burden, Varr. R. R. 1, 38, 3; Plin. 11, 37, 64, § 168; 11, 50, 111, § 265.—II.
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