thatch

* * *

* * *

con-sterno, strāvi, strātum, 3, v. a.

To strew over, cover by strewing, bestrew, to thatch, floor, pave, spread, cover (class. in prose and poetry).

With abl.:

tabernacula caespitibus,

Caes. B. C. 3, 96:

cubilia gallinarum paleis,

Col. 8, 5, 3:

stabula culmis,

id. 7, 3, 8:

aream silice,

id. 1, 6, 23:

specus molli fronde,

Plin. 8, 36, 54, § 127:

nidum mollibus plumis,

id. 10, 33, 49, § 92:

contabulationem summam lateribus lutoque,

Caes. B. C. 2, 9:

haec longuriis cratibusque,

id. B. G. 4, 17:

mare classibus,

Liv. 35, 49, 5; Curt. 9, 6, 7:

amnis constratus navigiis,

id. 9, 8, 5:

cubile purpureā veste,

Cat. 64, 163:

ossaeis aethera saxis,

Verg. Cir. 33:

omnia constrata telis, armis, cadaveribus,

Sall. J. 101, 11:

campos milite,

Sil. 1, 125:

forum corporibus civium caede nocturnā,

Cic. Sest. 39, 85:

late terram tergo,

Verg. A. 12, 543; cf.: terram gravi casu, * Lucr. 5, 1332; and:

terram gravi corpore,

Cic. Arat. 433:

paludem pontibus,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 14.—

Without abl.:

frumentum vias omnes constraveras,

Cic. Div. 1, 32, 69:

terram frondes altae,

Verg. A. 4, 444:

triclinium,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 9 Müll.; cf.:

lectum,

App. M. 9, p. 218, 13:

ratem pontis in modum humo injecta,

Liv. 21, 28, 7.—Hence, constrata navis, covered, having a deck, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 40, § 104; Caes. B. C. 3, 27; Auct. B. Alex. 11; Liv. 35, 46, 3; cf.

vehicula,

Curt. 9, 10, 25.—Hence,

constrā-tum, i, n. subst.,

A covering:

pontium,

Liv. 30, 10, 14.—

A deck:

puppis,

Petr. 100, 3:

navis,

id. ib. § 6.—

To throw down, prostrate, level (very rare).

Lit.:

tempestas in Capitolio aliquot signa constravit,

Liv. 40, 45, 3; cf.:

culcitae humi constratae, Jul. Epit. Nov. c. 4, § 15: montes erigat, campos tendat, maria consternat,

levels, Lact. 3, 24, 8:

Ephesus et Nicomedia constratae terrae motu,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 16, 12.—

Trop.: constrata ira, moderated, subdued (the figure taken from animals conquered in combat), Stat. S. 2, 5, 1.

consterno, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [strengthened collat. form of 1. consterno, acc. to II.].

To stretch upon the ground, to overcome:

pecorum in modum consternatos (Gallos) caedunt fugantque,

Liv. 38, 17, 7.—Far more freq., esp. after the Aug. per. (not in Cic., Hor., or Quint.),

To bring into confusion, to perplex; to terrify, alarm, affright, dismay, overwhelm with terror, etc.

In gen.:

sic sunt animo consternati ut, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 7, 30 fin.;

without animo,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 19; Liv. 6, 2, 11; 8, 9, 12; 21, 11, 13; Suet. Aug. 23, 90 al.:

vana Laetitia est, consternatique Timores,

Ov. M. 12, 60: in fugam, to put to flight by disquieting or alarming, Liv. 10, 43, 13; 38, 46, 5; cf.:

foedā fugā,

Tac. H. 3, 79 fin.:

Coriolanus prope ut amens consternatus ab sede suo,

Liv. 2, 40, 5.—

Transf., of animals, to make afraid, to frighten, startle; and pass.: consternari, to be frightened, to become shy:

consternantur equi,

Sall. H. 1, 96 Dietsch; Ov. M. 2, 314; id. F. 5, 310:

equos,

Liv. 37, 41, 10:

equo ex odore cadaveris consternato,

Suet. Ner. 48:

taurus securis ictu consternatus,

id. Galb. 18.—

In partic., to excite to sedition or revolt:

eam multitudinem conjuratorum ad arma consternatam esse,

Liv. 7, 42, 3 Weissenb. ad loc.:

ad arma,

id. 21, 24, 2; 34, 3, 6 al.

pānĭcŭla (also pānŭcŭla, Paul. ex Fest. p. 220 Müll.; and contr. pānŭcla, Non. 149, 22), ae, f.; also pānĭcŭlus, i, m. dim. [panus], a tuft, a panicle on plants.

Lit.: tu legiones difflavisti spiritu, quasi ventus folia aut paniculum tectorium, a tuft of thatch, i. e. of reeds used for thatching, Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 17; cf. id. Rud. 1, 2, 34; Plin. 16, 10, 19, § 49:

Graecula rosa convolutis foliorum paniculis,

id. 21, 4, 10, § 18:

panicum a paniculis dictum,

id. 18, 7, 9, § 53.—

Transf., a swelling, tumor, Scrib. Comp. 82; App. Herb. 13.

pānĭcŭla (also pānŭcŭla, Paul. ex Fest. p. 220 Müll.; and contr. pānŭcla, Non. 149, 22), ae, f.; also pānĭcŭlus, i, m. dim. [panus], a tuft, a panicle on plants.

Lit.: tu legiones difflavisti spiritu, quasi ventus folia aut paniculum tectorium, a tuft of thatch, i. e. of reeds used for thatching, Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 17; cf. id. Rud. 1, 2, 34; Plin. 16, 10, 19, § 49:

Graecula rosa convolutis foliorum paniculis,

id. 21, 4, 10, § 18:

panicum a paniculis dictum,

id. 18, 7, 9, § 53.—

Transf., a swelling, tumor, Scrib. Comp. 82; App. Herb. 13.

tĕgo, xi, ctum, 3, v. a. [Gr. stegô, to cover; tegos, stegos, roof; Sanscr. sthag-, to hide; Germ. decken; Engl thatch], to cover (syn. operio).

Lit.

In gen.:

amica corpus ejus (Alcibiadis) texit suo pallio,

Cic. Div 2, 69, 143:

capite se totum tegit,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 9:

(tegillo) tectus esse soleo, si pluvit,

id. Rud. 2, 7, 19: fere res omnes aut corio sunt Aut etiam conchis [p. 1846] aut callo aut cortice tectae, covered, clothed, Lucr. 4, 936; cf.:

bestiae aliae coriis tectae sunt, aliae villis vestitae,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 121:

ut tecti, ut vestiti, ut salvi esse possemus,

id. ib. 2, 69, 150:

corpora veste villosā,

Tib. 2, 3, 76:

caput galea,

Prop. 4 (5), 3, 44:

Mars tunicā adamantinā tectus,

Hor. C. 1, 6, 13:

ensis Vaginā tectus,

id. S. 2, 1, 4. —In Greek constr.:

primā tectus lanugine malas,

Ov. M. 12, 291:

cucullo caput tectus,

Mart. 5, 14, 6:

quae (casae) more Gallorum stramentis erant tectae,

Caes. B. G. 5, 43:

tectas casas testudinum superficie,

Plin. 6, 24, 28, § 109:

musculum,

Caes. B. C. 2, 10:

domum,

Dig. 19, 1, 18: naves tectae, covered with decks, decked ( = constratae), Caes. B. C. 1, 56; Liv. 36, 43, 13 (opp. apertae);

31, 46, 6: tectae instrataeque scaphae,

Caes. B. C. 3, 100:

incepto tegeret cum lumina somno,

Verg. G. 4, 414:

utne tegam spurco Damae latus?

i. e. to go by the side of, walk cheek by jowl with, Hor. S. 2, 5, 18; so,

latus alicui,

Suet. Claud. 24; cf. aliquem, to surround, attend, accompany:

omnis eum stipata tegebat Turba ducum,

Verg. A. 11, 12; Stat. S. 5, 1, 26: sarta tecta; v. sartus. —

In partic.

To cover, hide, conceal (rare in lit. sense;

syn.: abscondo, occulto): Caesar tectis insignibus suorum occultatisque signis militaribus, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 7, 45:

fugientem silvae texerunt,

id. ib. 6, 30:

oves (silva),

Ov. M. 13, 822:

quas (tabellas) tegat in tepido sinu,

id. A. A. 3, 622:

ferae latibulis se tegunt,

Cic. Rab. Post. 15, 42; cf.:

nebula matutina texerat inceptum,

Liv. 41, 2, 4:

Scipionem nebulae possiderent ac tegerent,

Vop. prol. 2. —

To shelter, protect, defend (rare in lit. sense); constr., in analogy with defendere and tueri, aliquid ab aliquo or ab aliquā re:

qui portus ab Africo tegebatur, ab Austro non erat tutus,

Caes. B. C. 3, 26:

ut alter (ordo propugnatorum) ponte ab incidentibus telis tegeretur,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 9:

aliquem conservare et tegere,

id. ib. 1, 85:

tempestas et nostros texit et naves Rhodias afflixit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 27; Hirt. B. G. 8, 5; Sall. J. 101, 4:

triumpho, si licet me latere tecto abscedere,

i. e. with a whole skin, safe, unhurt, Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 5.— Pass. in mid. force:

tegi magis Romani quam pugnare,

Liv. 4, 37, 11.—

To cover over, bury, enclose ( poet.):

te modo terra tegat,

Prop. 2, 26, 44 (3, 22, 24):

sit tibi terra levis mollique tegaris harenā,

Mart. 9, 29, 11:

ossa tegebat humus,

Ov. M. 15, 56:

ossa tegit tumulus,

id. Am. 2, 6, 59:

Sicanio tegitur sepulcro,

Luc. 2, 548. —

Trop.

In gen., to cover (very rare):

tempestas, mihi quae modestiam omnem, Detexit tectus quā fui,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 7. —

In partic.

(Acc. to I. B. 1.) To cloak, hide, veil, conceal, keep secret (freq. and class.):

triumphi nomine tegere atque velare cupiditatem suam,

Cic. Pis. 24, 56:

multis simulationum involucris tegitur et quasi velis quibusdam obtenditur unius cujusque natura,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 5, § 15:

ignaviam suam tenebrarum ac parietum custodiis tegere,

id. Rab. Perd. 7, 21:

animus ejus vultu, flagitia parietibus tegebantur,

id. Sest. 9, 22:

summam prudentiam simulatione stultitiae,

id. Brut. 14, 53:

honestā praescriptione rem turpissimam,

Caes. B. C. 3, 32; cf.:

turpia facta oratione,

Sall. J. 85, 31:

aliquid mendacio,

Cic. Quint. 26, 81:

nomen tyranni humanitate,

Nep. Dion, 1:

commissum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 38; id. A. P. 200:

non uti corporis vulnera, ita exercitus incommoda sunt tegenda,

Caes. B. C. 2, 31:

nostram sententiam,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 4, 11:

dira supplicia,

Verg. A. 6, 498:

causam doloris,

Ov. M. 13, 748:

pectoribus dabas multa tegenda meis,

id. Tr. 3, 6, 10: ignobilitatis tegendae causā, Cap. Max. 8. —

(Acc. to I. B. 2.) To defend, protect, guard:

aliquid excusatione amicitiae,

Cic. Lael. 12, 43; id. Clu. 11:

quod is meam salutem atque vitam suā benevolentiā, praesidio custodiāque texisset,

id. Planc. 1, 1:

nostri clarissimorum hominum auctoritate leges et jura tecta esse voluerunt,

id. de Or. 1, 59, 253:

pericula facile innocentiā tecti repellemus,

id. Imp. Pomp. 24, 70:

qui a patrum crudelibus suppliciis tegere liberos sciant,

Liv. 1, 53, 8:

aliquem tegere ac tueri, Cic Fam. 13, 66, 2: libertatem, patriam, parentisque armis tegere,

Sall. C. 6, 5: ut legatos cura magistratuum magis quam jus gentium ab irā impetuque hominum tegeret, Liv. 8, 6, 7:

legationisque jure satis tectum se arbitraretur,

Nep. Pelop. 5, 1.—Hence, tec-tus, a, um, P. a., covered, i. e. hidden, concealed.

Lit.:

cuniculi,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 41. —

Trop., hidden, not frank, open, or plain; secret, concealed, disguised; close, reserved, cautious:

sermo verbis tectus,

covered, enveloped, Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 1; cf.

verba (opp. apertissima),

id. ib. 9, 22, 5:

occultior atque tectior cupiditas,

id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104:

amor,

Ov. R. Am. 619. —

Of persons: occultus et tectus,

Cic. Fin. 2, 17, 54:

tecti esse ad alienos possumus,

id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116; cf. in comp.:

tectior,

id. Phil. 13, 3, 6:

te in dicendo mihi videri tectissimum,

id. de Or. 2, 73, 296:

silet ille, tectusque recusat Prodere quemquam,

Verg. A. 2, 126; cf.:

quis consideratior illo? Quis tectior?

Cic. Deiot. 6, 16. — Hence, adv.: tectō, covertly, privily, cautiously:

et tamen ab illo aperte, tecte quicquid est datum, libenter accepi,

Cic. Att. 1, 14, 4. — Comp.:

tectius,

Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 2; id. Planc. 10, 8, 5; Ov. A. A. 1, 276.

tectōrĭus, a, um, adj. [tego], of or belonging to covering or to a cover.

In gen. (very rare):

paniculum,

thatch, Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 18. — Hence,

Subst.: tectō-rĭum, ii, n., a covering, cover, Cato, R. R. 11, 2. —

In partic., that belongs to or serves for covering or overlaying walls, ceilings, floors, etc.; of or belonging to staining, painting, stuccoing, plastering, etc. (freq. and class.):

opus,

Varr. R. R. 1, 57, 1; cf. id. ib. 3, 11, 2:

neque id (sepulcrum) opere tectorio exornari,

Cic. Leg. 2, 26, 65: atramentum tectorium, that serves for staining or washing walls, Plin. 35, 6, 25, § 43: saetae e penicillis tectoriis, plasterers ' brushes, id. 28, 17, 71, § 235.—Hence,

Subst.: tec-tōrĭum, ii, n., plaster, stucco, fresco-painting, a wash for walls, etc.:

parietes ac camarae munitae tectorio,

Varr. R. R. 3, 8, 1; Cic. Div. 2, 27, 58; id. Verr. 2, 1, 55, § 145; id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 1; id. Att. 1, 10, 3; Vitr. 7, 2, sq.; 5, 10; Sen. Ep. 86, 8; Col. 8, 15, 5; Plin. 35, 16, 56, § 194; 36, 23, 55, § 176; Dig. 15, 3, 3. — Satirically, a paste of flour put on the face to preserve the beauty of the complexion:

tandem aperit vultum et tectoria prima reponit,

cover, coating, Juv. 6, 467.—

Trop., of speech, smooth words, flattery (very rare):

dignoscere cautus, Quid solidum crepet et pictae tectoria linguae,

Pers. 5, 24;

so imitated,

Aug. Ep. 1 ad Volusian.

tĕgo, xi, ctum, 3, v. a. [Gr. stegô, to cover; tegos, stegos, roof; Sanscr. sthag-, to hide; Germ. decken; Engl thatch], to cover (syn. operio).

Lit.

In gen.:

amica corpus ejus (Alcibiadis) texit suo pallio,

Cic. Div 2, 69, 143:

capite se totum tegit,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 9:

(tegillo) tectus esse soleo, si pluvit,

id. Rud. 2, 7, 19: fere res omnes aut corio sunt Aut etiam conchis [p. 1846] aut callo aut cortice tectae, covered, clothed, Lucr. 4, 936; cf.:

bestiae aliae coriis tectae sunt, aliae villis vestitae,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 121:

ut tecti, ut vestiti, ut salvi esse possemus,

id. ib. 2, 69, 150:

corpora veste villosā,

Tib. 2, 3, 76:

caput galea,

Prop. 4 (5), 3, 44:

Mars tunicā adamantinā tectus,

Hor. C. 1, 6, 13:

ensis Vaginā tectus,

id. S. 2, 1, 4. —In Greek constr.:

primā tectus lanugine malas,

Ov. M. 12, 291:

cucullo caput tectus,

Mart. 5, 14, 6:

quae (casae) more Gallorum stramentis erant tectae,

Caes. B. G. 5, 43:

tectas casas testudinum superficie,

Plin. 6, 24, 28, § 109:

musculum,

Caes. B. C. 2, 10:

domum,

Dig. 19, 1, 18: naves tectae, covered with decks, decked ( = constratae), Caes. B. C. 1, 56; Liv. 36, 43, 13 (opp. apertae);

31, 46, 6: tectae instrataeque scaphae,

Caes. B. C. 3, 100:

incepto tegeret cum lumina somno,

Verg. G. 4, 414:

utne tegam spurco Damae latus?

i. e. to go by the side of, walk cheek by jowl with, Hor. S. 2, 5, 18; so,

latus alicui,

Suet. Claud. 24; cf. aliquem, to surround, attend, accompany:

omnis eum stipata tegebat Turba ducum,

Verg. A. 11, 12; Stat. S. 5, 1, 26: sarta tecta; v. sartus. —

In partic.

To cover, hide, conceal (rare in lit. sense;

syn.: abscondo, occulto): Caesar tectis insignibus suorum occultatisque signis militaribus, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 7, 45:

fugientem silvae texerunt,

id. ib. 6, 30:

oves (silva),

Ov. M. 13, 822:

quas (tabellas) tegat in tepido sinu,

id. A. A. 3, 622:

ferae latibulis se tegunt,

Cic. Rab. Post. 15, 42; cf.:

nebula matutina texerat inceptum,

Liv. 41, 2, 4:

Scipionem nebulae possiderent ac tegerent,

Vop. prol. 2. —

To shelter, protect, defend (rare in lit. sense); constr., in analogy with defendere and tueri, aliquid ab aliquo or ab aliquā re:

qui portus ab Africo tegebatur, ab Austro non erat tutus,

Caes. B. C. 3, 26:

ut alter (ordo propugnatorum) ponte ab incidentibus telis tegeretur,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 9:

aliquem conservare et tegere,

id. ib. 1, 85:

tempestas et nostros texit et naves Rhodias afflixit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 27; Hirt. B. G. 8, 5; Sall. J. 101, 4:

triumpho, si licet me latere tecto abscedere,

i. e. with a whole skin, safe, unhurt, Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 5.— Pass. in mid. force:

tegi magis Romani quam pugnare,

Liv. 4, 37, 11.—

To cover over, bury, enclose ( poet.):

te modo terra tegat,

Prop. 2, 26, 44 (3, 22, 24):

sit tibi terra levis mollique tegaris harenā,

Mart. 9, 29, 11:

ossa tegebat humus,

Ov. M. 15, 56:

ossa tegit tumulus,

id. Am. 2, 6, 59:

Sicanio tegitur sepulcro,

Luc. 2, 548. —

Trop.

In gen., to cover (very rare):

tempestas, mihi quae modestiam omnem, Detexit tectus quā fui,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 7. —

In partic.

(Acc. to I. B. 1.) To cloak, hide, veil, conceal, keep secret (freq. and class.):

triumphi nomine tegere atque velare cupiditatem suam,

Cic. Pis. 24, 56:

multis simulationum involucris tegitur et quasi velis quibusdam obtenditur unius cujusque natura,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 5, § 15:

ignaviam suam tenebrarum ac parietum custodiis tegere,

id. Rab. Perd. 7, 21:

animus ejus vultu, flagitia parietibus tegebantur,

id. Sest. 9, 22:

summam prudentiam simulatione stultitiae,

id. Brut. 14, 53:

honestā praescriptione rem turpissimam,

Caes. B. C. 3, 32; cf.:

turpia facta oratione,

Sall. J. 85, 31:

aliquid mendacio,

Cic. Quint. 26, 81:

nomen tyranni humanitate,

Nep. Dion, 1:

commissum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 38; id. A. P. 200:

non uti corporis vulnera, ita exercitus incommoda sunt tegenda,

Caes. B. C. 2, 31:

nostram sententiam,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 4, 11:

dira supplicia,

Verg. A. 6, 498:

causam doloris,

Ov. M. 13, 748:

pectoribus dabas multa tegenda meis,

id. Tr. 3, 6, 10: ignobilitatis tegendae causā, Cap. Max. 8. —

(Acc. to I. B. 2.) To defend, protect, guard:

aliquid excusatione amicitiae,

Cic. Lael. 12, 43; id. Clu. 11:

quod is meam salutem atque vitam suā benevolentiā, praesidio custodiāque texisset,

id. Planc. 1, 1:

nostri clarissimorum hominum auctoritate leges et jura tecta esse voluerunt,

id. de Or. 1, 59, 253:

pericula facile innocentiā tecti repellemus,

id. Imp. Pomp. 24, 70:

qui a patrum crudelibus suppliciis tegere liberos sciant,

Liv. 1, 53, 8:

aliquem tegere ac tueri, Cic Fam. 13, 66, 2: libertatem, patriam, parentisque armis tegere,

Sall. C. 6, 5: ut legatos cura magistratuum magis quam jus gentium ab irā impetuque hominum tegeret, Liv. 8, 6, 7:

legationisque jure satis tectum se arbitraretur,

Nep. Pelop. 5, 1.—Hence, tec-tus, a, um, P. a., covered, i. e. hidden, concealed.

Lit.:

cuniculi,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 41. —

Trop., hidden, not frank, open, or plain; secret, concealed, disguised; close, reserved, cautious:

sermo verbis tectus,

covered, enveloped, Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 1; cf.

verba (opp. apertissima),

id. ib. 9, 22, 5:

occultior atque tectior cupiditas,

id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104:

amor,

Ov. R. Am. 619. —

Of persons: occultus et tectus,

Cic. Fin. 2, 17, 54:

tecti esse ad alienos possumus,

id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116; cf. in comp.:

tectior,

id. Phil. 13, 3, 6:

te in dicendo mihi videri tectissimum,

id. de Or. 2, 73, 296:

silet ille, tectusque recusat Prodere quemquam,

Verg. A. 2, 126; cf.:

quis consideratior illo? Quis tectior?

Cic. Deiot. 6, 16. — Hence, adv.: tectō, covertly, privily, cautiously:

et tamen ab illo aperte, tecte quicquid est datum, libenter accepi,

Cic. Att. 1, 14, 4. — Comp.:

tectius,

Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 2; id. Planc. 10, 8, 5; Ov. A. A. 1, 276.