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21 (the) tail of a comet
the tail of a comet (of the plane, of the kite, of the train) хвост кометы (самолёта, воздушного змея, поезда)English-Russian combinatory dictionary > (the) tail of a comet
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22 to tail a kite
pielikt asti lidojošam pūķim -
23 Santos-Dumont, Alberto
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 20 July 1873 Cabangu, Rocha Dias, Brazild. 23 July 1932 d. Santos, Sâo Paulo, Brazil[br]Brazilian pioneer in airship and aeroplane flights.[br]Alberto Santos-Dumont, the son of a wealthy Brazilian coffee planter, was sent to Paris to study engineering but developed a passion for flying. After several balloon flights he turned his attention to powered airships. His first small airship, powered by a motorcycle engine, flew in 1898. A series of airships followed and his flights over Paris—and his narrow escapes—generated much public interest. A large cash prize had been offered for the first person to fly from Saint-Cloud around the Eiffel Tower and back inside thirty minutes. Santos-Dumont made two attempts in his airship No. 5, but engine failures caused him to crash, once in a tree and once on a hotel roof. Undismayed, he prepared airship No. 6 and on 19 October 1901 he set out and rounded the Tower, only to suffer yet another engine failure. This time he managed to restart the engine and claim the prize. This flight created a sensation in Paris and beyond. Santos-Dumont continued to create news with a series of airship exploits, and by 1906 he had built a total of fourteen airships. In 1904 Santos-Dumont visited the United States and met Octave Chanute, who described to him the achievements of the Wright brothers. On his return to Paris he set about designing an aeroplane which was unlike any other aeroplane of the period. It had box-kite-like wings and tail, and flew tail-first (a canard) powered by an Antoinette engine at the rear. It was built for him by Gabriel Voisin and was known as the "14 bis" because it was air-tested suspended beneath airship No. 14. It made its first free take-off on 13 September 1906, and then a series of short hops, including one of 220 m (720 ft) which won Santos-Dumont an Aero-Club prize and recognition for the first aeroplane flight in Europe; indeed, it was the first officially witnessed aeroplane flight in the world. Santos-Dumont's most successful aeroplane was his No. 20 of 1909, known as the Demoiselle: a tiny machine popular with sporting pilots. About this time, however, Santos-Dumont became ill and had to abandon his aeronautical activities. Although he had not made any great technical breakthroughs, Santos-Dumont had played a major role in arousing public interest in flying.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsAéro Club de France Grand Prix de l'Aéronautique 1901. Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur 1904.Bibliography1904, Dans l'air, Paris; 1904, pub. as My Airships (repub. 1973, New York: Dover).Further ReadingPeter Wykeham, 1962, Santos-Dumont, A Study in Obsession, London.F.H.da Costa, c. 1971, Alberto Santos-Dumont, O Pai da Aviaçāo; pub. in English asAlberto Santos Dumont, Father of Aviation, Rio de Janeiro.JDS -
24 birds
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25 drag
1. n медленное движение2. n волочение3. n разг. бремя, обуза; помеха4. n землечерпалка; драгаdrag up — выуживать, вытаскивать, извлекать драгой
5. n кошка, трал для обследования дна6. n с. -х. волокуша; шлейф; тяжёлая боронаdrag harrow — волокуша, гвоздёвка
7. n тяжёлые сани8. n дор. утюг9. n мор. плавучий якорь10. n экипаж, запряжённый четвёркой, с сиденьями внутри и наверху11. n разг. затяжка12. n давление, нажим; влияние13. n амер. блат, рука, заручка, связи14. n танец15. n тех. торможение, задержка движения; прихватывание тормоза, сцепленияdrag torque — момент сопротивления, тормозящий момент
16. n тех. тормоз, тормозной башмак17. n тех. бредень, невод, мерёжа18. n тех. тяга, тяговое усилиеdrag bar — скребок; тяга
19. n тех. амер. разг. улица20. n тех. метал. нижняя полуформа21. n тех. ав. авт. лобовое сопротивлениеbypass drag — сопротивление, обусловленное перепуском потока
22. n тех. ав. полёт на малой высоте23. n охот. след24. n охот. приманка25. n охот. охота с приманкой26. n охот. скучный тип, зануда27. n охот. скучища, тоска зелёная28. v тащить; волочитьto drag oneself — тащиться, волочиться; тяжело брести
29. v с трудом переставлять, волочить30. v таскаться, бродить, шататься31. v подгребать32. v разг. втянуть; притащить33. v вытянуть, вытащитьwe could hardly drag him from his home — нам едва удалось вытащить его из дому;
drag away — вытащить, вытянуть
34. v тащиться позади; отставать35. v волочиться, тащиться36. v мучить; терзать; ныть; щемить37. v пачкать, марать38. v тянуть, затягивать39. v тянуться, затягиваться; идти мучительно медленноhe let the matter drag on — он позволил этому делу затянуться, из-за него дело затянулось
40. v разг. затягиваться41. v чистить дно драгой, драгировать42. v боронить43. v тормозить44. v буксировать45. v спорт. вести мяч близко к корпусу46. v сл. надоедать; наскучить47. n сл. женское платьеСинонимический ряд:1. bore (noun) bore2. bother (noun) annoyance; bother; hang up; nuisance3. burden (noun) burden; encumbrance; hindrance; impediment; restraint4. draw (noun) draw; puff; pull5. drink (noun) draft; drain; draught; drench; drink; potation; quaff; sip; swig; swill6. delay (verb) dally; dawdle; delay; dilly; dillydally; lag; linger; loiter; mull; poke; procrastinate; put off; slow; straggle; tarry; train7. inch (verb) crawl; creep; inch8. puff (verb) breathe in; inhale; puff9. pull (verb) draggle; draw; hale; haul; lug; magnetise; magnetize; move; pull; tow; trail; traipse; transport; tug -
26 Cayley, Sir George
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 27 December 1773 Scarborough, Englandd. 15 December 1857 Brompton Hall, Yorkshire, England[br]English pioneer who laid down the basic principles of the aeroplane in 1799 and built a manned glider in 1853.[br]Cayley was born into a well-to-do Yorkshire family living at Brompton Hall. He was encouraged to study mathematics, navigation and mechanics, particularly by his mother. In 1792 he succeeded to the baronetcy and took over the daunting task of revitalizing the run-down family estate.The first aeronautical device made by Cayley was a copy of the toy helicopter invented by the Frenchmen Launoy and Bienvenu in 1784. Cayley's version, made in 1796, convinced him that a machine could "rise in the air by mechanical means", as he later wrote. He studied the aerodynamics of flight and broke away from the unsuccessful ornithopters of his predecessors. In 1799 he scratched two sketches on a silver disc: one side of the disc showed the aerodynamic force on a wing resolved into lift and drag, and on the other side he illustrated his idea for a fixed-wing aeroplane; this disc is preserved in the Science Museum in London. In 1804 he tested a small wing on the end of a whirling arm to measure its lifting power. This led to the world's first model glider, which consisted of a simple kite (the wing) mounted on a pole with an adjustable cruciform tail. A full-size glider followed in 1809 and this flew successfully unmanned. By 1809 Cayley had also investigated the lifting properties of cambered wings and produced a low-drag aerofoil section. His aim was to produce a powered aeroplane, but no suitable engines were available. Steam-engines were too heavy, but he experimented with a gunpowder motor and invented the hot-air engine in 1807. He published details of some of his aeronautical researches in 1809–10 and in 1816 he wrote a paper on airships. Then for a period of some twenty-five years he was so busy with other activities that he largely neglected his aeronautical researches. It was not until 1843, at the age of 70, that he really had time to pursue his quest for flight. The Mechanics' Magazine of 8 April 1843 published drawings of "Sir George Cayley's Aerial Carriage", which consisted of a helicopter design with four circular lifting rotors—which could be adjusted to become wings—and two pusher propellers. In 1849 he built a full-size triplane glider which lifted a boy off the ground for a brief hop. Then in 1852 he proposed a monoplane glider which could be launched from a balloon. Late in 1853 Cayley built his "new flyer", another monoplane glider, which carried his coachman as a reluctant passenger across a dale at Brompton, Cayley became involved in public affairs and was MP for Scarborough in 1832. He also took a leading part in local scientific activities and was co-founder of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1831 and of the Regent Street Polytechnic Institution in 1838.[br]BibliographyCayley wrote a number of articles and papers, the most significant being "On aerial navigation", Nicholson's Journal of Natural Philosophy (November 1809—March 1810) (published in three numbers); and two further papers with the same title in Philosophical Magazine (1816 and 1817) (both describe semi-rigid airships).Further ReadingL.Pritchard, 1961, Sir George Cayley, London (the standard work on the life of Cayley).C.H.Gibbs-Smith, 1962, Sir George Cayley's Aeronautics 1796–1855, London (covers his aeronautical achievements in more detail).—1974, "Sir George Cayley, father of aerial navigation (1773–1857)", Aeronautical Journal (Royal Aeronautical Society) (April) (an updating paper).JDS -
27 Focke, E.H.Heinrich
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. October 1890 Bremen, Germanyd. February 1979 Bremen, Germany[br]German aircraft designer who was responsible for the first practical helicopter, in 1936.[br]Between 1911 and 1914 Heinrich Focke and Georg Wulf built a monoplane and some years later, in 1924, they founded the Focke-Wulf company. They designed and built a variety of civil and military aircraft including the F 19Ente, a tail-first design of 1927. This canard layout was thought to be safer than conventional designs but, unfortunately, it crashed, killing Wulf. Around 1930 Focke became interested in rotary-wing aircraft, and in 1931 he set up a company with Gerd Achgelis to conduct research in this field. The Focke-Wulf company took out a licence to build Cierva autogiros. Focke designed an improved autogiro, the Fw 186, which flew in 1938; it was entered for a military competition, but it was beaten by a fixed-wing aircraft, the Fieseler Storch. In May 1935 Focke resigned from Focke-Wulf to concentrate on helicopter development with the Focke-Achgelis company. His first design was the Fa 61 helicopter, which utilized the fuselage and engine of a conventional aeroplane but instead of wings had two out-riggers, each carrying a rotor. The engine drove these rotors in opposite directions to counteract the adverse torque effect (with a single rotor the fuselage tends to rotate in the opposite direction to the rotor). Following its first flight on 26 June 1936, the Fa 61 went on to break several world records. However, it attracted more public attention when it was flown inside the huge Deutschlandhalle in Berlin by the famous female test pilot Hanna Reitsch in February 1938. Focke continued to develop his helicopter projects for the Focke-Achgelis company and produced the Fa 223 Drache in 1940. This used twin contra-rotating rotors, like the Fa 61, but could carry six people. Its production was hampered by allied bombing of the factory. During the Second World War Focke- Achgelis also produced a rotor kite which could be towed behind a U-boat to provide a flying "crow's nest", as well as designs for an advanced convertiplane (part aeroplane, part helicopter). After the war, Focke worked in France, the Netherlands and Brazil, then in 1954 he became Professor of Aeroplane and Helicopter Design at the University of Stuttgart.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsWissenschaftliche, Gesellschaft für Luftfahrt Lilienthal Medal, Prandtl-Ring.Bibliography1965, "German thinking on rotary-wing development", Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society, (May).Further ReadingW.Gunston and J.Batchelor, 1977, Helicopters 1900–1960, London.J.R.Smith, 1973, Focke-Wulf: An Aircraft Album, London (primarily a picture book). R.N.Liptrot, 1948, Rotating Wing Activities in Germany during the Period 1939–45, London.K.von Gersdorff and K.Knobling, 1982, Hubschrauber und Tragschrauber, Munich (a more recent publication, in German).JDS -
28 Voisin, Gabriel
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 5 February 1880 Belleville-sur-Saône, Franced. 25 December 1973 Ozenay, France[br]French manufacturer of aeroplanes in the early years of aviation.[br]Gabriel Voisin was one of a group of aviation pioneers working in France c. 1905. One of the leaders of this group was a rich lawyer-sportsman, Ernest Archdeacon. For a number of years they had been building gliders based on those of the Wright brothers. Archdeacon's glider of 1904 was flown by Voisin, who went on to assist in the design and manufacture of gliders for Archdeacon and Louis Blériot, including successful float-gliders. Gabriel Voisin was joined by his brother Charles in 1905 and they set up the first commercial aircraft factory. As the Voisins had limited funds, they had to seek customers who could afford to indulge in the fashionable hobby of flying. One was Santos- Dumont, who commissioned Voisin to build his "14 bis" aeroplane in 1906.Early in 1907 the Voisins built their first powered aeroplane, but it was not a success.Later that year they completed a biplane for a Paris sculptor, Léon Delagrange, and another for Henri Farman. The basic Voisin was a biplane with the engine behind the pilot and a "pusher" propeller. Pitching was controlled by biplane elevators forward of the pilot and rudders were fitted to the box kite tail, but there was no control of roll.Improvements were gradually introduced by the Voisins and their customers, such as Farman. Incidentally, to flatter their clients the Voisins often named the aircraft after them, thus causing some confusion to historians. Many Voisins were built up until 1910, when the company's fortunes sank. Competition was growing, the factory was flooded, and Charles left. Gabriel started again, building robust biplanes of steel construction. Voisin bombers were widely used during the First World War, and a subsidiary factory was built in Russia.In August 1917, Voisin sold his business when the French Air Ministry decided that Voisin aeroplanes were obsolete and that the factory should be turned over to the building of engines. After the war he started another business making prefabricated houses, and then turned to manufacturing motor cars. From 1919 to 1939 his company produced various models, mainly for the luxury end of the market but also including a few sports and racing cars. In the early 1950s he designed a small two-seater, which was built by the Biscuter company in Spain. The Voisin company finally closed in 1958.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsChevalier de la Légion d'honneur 1909. Académie des Sciences Gold Medal 1909.Bibliography1961, Mes dix milles cerfs-volants, France; repub. 1963 as Men, Women and 10,000 Kites, London (autobiography; an eminent reviewer said, "it contains so many demonstrable absurdities, untruths and misleading statements, that one does not know how much of the rest one can believe").1962, Mes Mille et un voitures, France (covers his cars).Further ReadingC.H.Gibbs-Smith, 1965, The Invention of the Aeroplane 1799–1909, London (includes an account of Voisin's contribution to aviation and a list of his early aircraft).Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War I, London; reprinted 1990 (provides details of Voisin's 1914–18 aircraft).E.Chadeau, 1987, L'Industrie aéronautique en France 1900–1950, de Blériot à Dassault, Paris.G.N.Georgano, 1968, Encyclopedia of Motor Cars 1885 to the Present, New York (includes brief descriptions of Voisin's cars).JDS
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См. также в других словарях:
kite — kite1 kiter, n. kitelike, adj. /kuyt/, n., v., kited, kiting. n. 1. a light frame covered with some thin material, to be flown in the wind at the end of a long string. 2. any of several small birds of the hawk family Accipitridae that have long,… … Universalium
tail — tail1 tailer, n. tailless, adj. taillessly, adv. taillessness, n. taillike, adj. /tayl/, n. 1. the hindmost part of an animal, esp. that forming a distinct, flexible appendage to the trunk. 2. something resembling or suggesting this in shape or… … Universalium
tail — I. /teɪl / (say tayl) noun 1. the hindmost part of an animal, posterior to the vent, especially when forming a distinct flexible appendage to the trunk. 2. something resembling or suggesting this in shape or position: the tail of a kite. 3. the… …
tail — I [[t]teɪl[/t]] n. 1) zool. the hindmost part of an animal, esp. that forming a distinct, flexible appendage to the trunk 2) something resembling or suggesting this in shape or position: the tail of a kite[/ex] 3) astron. the luminous stream… … From formal English to slang
Kite — (k[imac]t), n. [OE. kyte, AS. c[=y]ta; cf. W. cud, cut.] [1913 Webster] 1. (Zo[ o]l.) Any raptorial bird of the subfamily {Milvin[ae]}, of which many species are known. They have long wings, adapted for soaring, and usually a forked tail. [1913… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Kite falcon — Kite Kite (k[imac]t), n. [OE. kyte, AS. c[=y]ta; cf. W. cud, cut.] [1913 Webster] 1. (Zo[ o]l.) Any raptorial bird of the subfamily {Milvin[ae]}, of which many species are known. They have long wings, adapted for soaring, and usually a forked… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
kite — ► NOUN 1) a toy consisting of a light frame with thin material stretched over it, flown in the wind at the end of a long string. 2) Brit. informal, dated an aircraft. 3) a long winged bird of prey with a forked tail and a soaring flight. 4)… … English terms dictionary
kite — [kīt] n. [ME < OE cyta, akin to MLowG kuten, to gossip < IE echoic base * gou , to scream > Gr goan, to moan] 1. any of various accipitrine birds with long, pointed wings and, usually, a forked tail: they prey esp. on insects, reptiles,… … English World dictionary
Kite types — Colorful delta wing kite Kites are tethered flying objects which fly by using aerodynamic lift, requiring wind, (or towing), for generation of airflow over the lifting surfaces. Contents 1 Kite … Wikipedia
Kite (Styrofoam-only) — Some kites are made of Styrofoam only. Styrofoam is a tradename for expanded polystyrene thermal insulation material (often referred to as EPS), manufactured by Dow Chemical Company; it is bluish in color. Popular abuse of names has EPS foam cups … Wikipedia
kite — {{11}}kite (n.) bird of prey (Milvus ictinus), O.E. cyta kind of hawk, probably imitative of its cries (Cf. ciegan to call, Ger. Kauz screech owl ). The toy kite first so called 1660s, from its way of hovering in the air like a bird. The… … Etymology dictionary