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101 physician
[fi'ziʃən](a doctor who specializes in medical rather than surgical treatment of patients: My doctor sent me to a physician at the hospital.) medic -
102 physician
[fi'ziʃən](a doctor who specializes in medical rather than surgical treatment of patients: My doctor sent me to a physician at the hospital.) (παθολόγος)γιατρός -
103 physician
[fi'ziʃən](a doctor who specializes in medical rather than surgical treatment of patients: My doctor sent me to a physician at the hospital.) médecin -
104 physician
[fi'ziʃən](a doctor who specializes in medical rather than surgical treatment of patients: My doctor sent me to a physician at the hospital.) médico -
105 surgery
(a) (field of medicine) chirurgie f;∎ to study surgery étudier la chirurgie(b) (UNCOUNT) (surgical treatment) intervention f chirurgicale, interventions fpl chirurgicales;∎ he'll need surgery il faudra l'opérer;∎ minor/major surgery might be necessary une intervention chirurgicale mineure/importante pourrait s'avérer nécessaire;∎ to perform surgery on sb opérer qn;∎ to have brain/heart surgery se faire opérer du cerveau/du cœur;∎ the patient is undergoing surgery le malade est au bloc opératoire;∎ the surgery was successful l'opération a réussi(c) British (consulting room) cabinet m médical ou de consultation; (building) centre m médical; (consultation) consultation f;∎ Doctor Jones doesn't take surgery on Fridays le Dr Jones ne consulte pas le vendredi;∎ can I come to the surgery tomorrow? puis-je venir au cabinet ou à la consultation demain?;∎ surgery hours heures fpl de consultation∎ our MP holds a surgery on Saturdays notre député tient une permanence le samedi -
106 Taylor, John
SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology[br]b. 16 August 1703 Norwich, Englandd. 17 September 1772 Prague, Bohemia[br]English oculist and exponent of surgical treatment of squint and cataract.[br]In 1722, employed as an apothecary's assistant, he studied surgery and especially diseases of the eye under Cheselden at St Thomas's Hospital, London. He returned to Norwich to practise, but in 1727 he assumed the role of itinerant surgeon oculist, with a particular reputation for putting eyes straight; at first he covered the major part of the British Isles and then he extended his activities to Europe.He obtained MDs from Basle in 1733, and from Liège and Cologne in 1734. In 1736 he was appointed Oculist to George II. It is likely that he was responsible for Johann Sebastian Bach's blindness, and Gibbon was one of his patients. The subject of considerable obloquy on account of his self-advertisement in the crudest and most bombastic terms, it is none the less certain that he had developed a technique, probably related to couching, which was considerably in advance of that of other practitioners and at least offered a prospect of assistance where none had been available.Dr Johnson declared him "an instance of how far impudence will carry ignorance". Without justification, he styled himself "Chevalier". He is said, not improbably having regard to his age, to have become blind himself later in life. His son carried on his practice.[br]Bibliography1727, An Account of the Mechanism of the Eye, Norwich.1736, Treatise on the Chrystalline Humour of the Human Eye, London. 1739, De vera causi strabismi, Lisbon.Further Reading1761, The History of the Travels and Adventures of the Chevalier John Taylor, Ophthalmiater, London.MG -
107 treat conservatively (surgically)
treat conservatively (surgically), give conservative (surgical) treatmentEnglish-Russian dictionary of medicine > treat conservatively (surgically)
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108 unit
организационная единица; боевая единица (напр. корабль, ЛА танк); подразделение; часть; соединение; расчетно-снабженческая единица; секция; орган; элемент; комплект; агрегат; установка; см. тж. elementbulk petrol (transport) unit — Бр. часть [подразделение] подвоза наливного (бестарного) горючего
counter C3 unit — часть [подразделение] подавления системы оперативного управления и связи
Fleet Marine (Corps) reconnaissance unit — разведывательное подразделение [часть] флотских сил МП
multisensor (AA) firing unit 3PK — с приборным комплексом из нескольких систем обнаружения и сопровождения
photo (graphic) reconnaissance unit — фоторазведывательная часть [подразделение]
surface-launched unit, fuel air explosive — установка дистанционного разминирования объемным взрывом
surface-launched unit, mine — установка дистанционного минирования
tactical (air) control unit — часть [подразделение] управления ТА
war (time) strength (TOE) unit — часть, укомплектованная по штатам военного времени
— air unit— ASA unit— BM unit— border operation unit— car unit— depot support unit— dry unit— EW unit— GM unit— host country unit— HQ unit— logistics support unit— manpack radio unit— marksmanship training unit— mechanized infantry unit— missile-armed unit— nuclear weapon unit— provisional unit— QM unit— Rangers unit— supported unit— TOE unit— transportation unit— truck transport unit— van unit— wet unit* * *1) часть; 2) единица -
109 Halsted, William Stewart
SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology[br]b. 23 September 1852 Baltimore, Maryland, USAd. 7 September 1922 Baltimore, Maryland, USA[br]American surgeon, originator of the surgical use of rubber gloves and silk ligatures.[br]After education at Yale University, he studied at the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York, qualifying in 1877. Following internships in New York, he spent two postgraduate years in Germany and Austria, where he became acquainted with the German methods of surgical education. He returned to New York in 1880 to practise privately and also demonstrate anatomy at the College.In 1884, when experimenting with cocaine as an anaesthetic, he became addicted; he underwent treatment for his addiction in 1886–7 and there is also some evidence of treatment for morphine addiction in 1892. As a consequence of these problems he moved to Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, where he was appointed Surgeon-in-Chief in 1890 and Professor of Surgery in 1892. In this role he devoted considerable time to laboratory study and made important contributions in the treatment of breast carcinoma, thyroid disease and aneurism. A perfectionist, his technical advances were an outcome of his approach to surgery, which was methodical and painstaking in comparison with the cavalier methods of some contemporaries.[br]Bibliography1894, Johns Hopkins Hospital Reports, Baltimore (rubber gloves).1924, Surgical Papers by William Stewart Halsted, ed. W.C.Berket, Baltimore.Further ReadingW.G.McCallum, 1930, William Stewart Halsted, Surgeon, Baltimore.MGBiographical history of technology > Halsted, William Stewart
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110 Lister, Joseph, Baron Lister
SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology[br]b. 5 April 1827 Upton, Essex, Englandd. 10 February 1912 Walmer, Kent, England[br]English surgeon, founder of the antiseptic and aseptic principles of surgical practice.[br]Of Quaker stock, his father also being a Fellow of the Royal Society, he studied medicine at University College, London. He qualified, and became a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, in 1852. Wishing to pursue a surgical career, he moved to Edinburgh to study surgery under William Syme, whose daughter he married in 1852, the same year he was appointed Assistant Surgeon to the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary.Until his appointment as Regius Professor of Surgery at Glasgow University and Glasgow Royal Infirmary in 1861, he was engaged in a wide variety of investigations into the nature of inflammation and the effects of irritants on wounds. Following his move to Glasgow, he became particularly involved in the major problems arising out of the vast increase in the number of surgical procedures brought about by the recent introduction of general anaesthesia. By 1865 his continuing study of wound inflammation and the microbial studies of Pasteur had led him to institute in the operating theatre a regime of surgical antisepsis involving the use of a carbolic acid spray coupled with the sterilization of instruments, the site of operation and the hands of the operator. Increasingly it was appreciated that the air was the least important origin of infection, and by 1887 the antiseptic approach had been superseded by the aseptic.In 1869 he succeeded Syme in the Chair at Edinburgh and his methods were widely accepted abroad. In 1877 he moved to the Chair of Surgery at King's College Hospital, London, in the hope of encouraging acceptance of his work in the metropolis. As well as developing a variety of new surgical procedures, he was engaged for many years in the development of surgical ligatures, which had always been a potent stimulant of infection. His choice of catgut as a sterilizable, absorbable material paved the way for major developments in this field. The Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine was named in his honour in 1903.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsCreated Baronet 1883. Baron 1897. Order of Merit 1902. President, Royal Society 1895– 1900.Bibliography1870, "On the effects of the antiseptic system of treatment upon the salubrity of a surgical hospital", Lancet.1859, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society.1863, Croonian Lecture.1881, 1900, Transactions of the International Medical Congress.Further ReadingR.J.Godlee, 1924, Lord Lister.1927, Lister Centenary Handbook, London: Wellcome Historical Medical Museum. H.C.Cameron, 1948, Joseph Lister, the Friend of Man.MGBiographical history of technology > Lister, Joseph, Baron Lister
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111 operative
ˈɔpərətɪv
1. прил.
1) а) действующий, работающий;
занятой, активный, деятельный( о человеке и т. п.) I was still an operative mason. ≈ Я же все еще оставался занятым каменщиком. My car was still in an operative condition. ≈ Моя машина все еще оставалась в исправном состоянии. Syn: active, acting, working б) действенный, эффективный( о предпринятых мерах, поступках, лекарстве и т. п.) ;
благотворный;
действительный( о законе, политических идеях и т. п.) ;
продуктивный( о деятельности и т. п.) I really had no operative motives for doing it. ≈ На это у меня действительно не было веских причин. She was given an operative dose of the medicine. ≈ Ей ввели действенную дозу препарата. become operative operative principle Syn: effective
1., effectual, efficacious
2) важный, имеющий значение;
существенный, заключающий в себе главный смысл( о высказывании, слове и т. п.) operative words ≈ ключевые слова operative part (of the treaty) ≈ ключевой момент (переговоров) ;
постановляющая часть документа After all, she didn't bring the boy on that operative Saturday. ≈ Кроме того, она так и не привела мальчика в то немаловажное воскресенье. Syn: significant, important
3) прикладной, практический;
физический (о работе, деятельности и т. п.) ;
занимающийся такой работой, деятельностью (о человеке) Syn: practical, applied
4) хир. оперативный, операционный operative treatment ≈ оперативное, хирургическое вмешательство Syn: surgical
2. сущ.
1) а) рабочий;
оператор, управляющий, прораб и т. п. б) человек, занятый в сфере умственного труда (ученый, исследователь, писатель и т. п.) механик;
(квалифицированный) станочник Syn: operator
2) а) сыщик, детектив( обык. частный) Syn: private detective б) тайный агент;
шпион Syn: secret agent, spy
1.
3) ремесленник, кустарь, Syn: artisan, mechanic
1.
4) уст. а) деятельное настроение или состояние активности б) эффективное, действенное лекарство квалифицированный рабочий, станочник;
механик;
- cotton *s хлопкопрядильщики ремесленник (американизм) сыщик, агент сыскной полиции (американизм) шпион, тайный агент (американизм) частный детектив действующий;
работающий;
рабочий;
- * condition рабочее состояние действующий;
действительный;
действенный;
- * force движущая сила;
- * motive побудительный мотив;
- * dose of a medicine эффективная доза лекарства;
- to become * входить в силу оперативный;
- * part постановляющая часть (документа) (медицина) оперативный;
операционный;
- * treatment оперативное вмешательство > * words ключевые слова, определяющие все значение ~ действующий;
действительный;
действенный;
to become operative входить в силу (о законе) become ~ юр. вступать в силу become ~ юр. становиться действительным operative действительный, действующий, имеющий силу ~ действительный ~ действующий, работающий, движущий;
operative condition исправное, рабочее состояние ~ действующий ~ действующий;
действительный;
действенный;
to become operative входить в силу( о законе) ~ имеющий юридическую силу ~ квалифицированный рабочий ~ оперативный;
operative part of a resolution резолютивная часть решения ~ хир. операционный;
оперативный;
operative treatment хирургическое вмешательство ~ производственник ~ промышленный рабочий ~ работающий ~ рабочийстаночник ~ ремесленник ~ действующий, работающий, движущий;
operative condition исправное, рабочее состояние ~ оперативный;
operative part of a resolution резолютивная часть решения ~ хир. операционный;
оперативный;
operative treatment хирургическое вмешательствоБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > operative
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112 Trueta, Joseph
SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology[br]b. 28 October 1897 Barcelona, Spaind. 19 January 1977 Barcelona, Spain[br]Spanish surgeon who specialized in the treatment of trauma and invented the "Trueta" technique of wound management.[br]Trueta studied medicine at Barcelona University and graduated in 1921. He held successive surgical appointments until in 1929 he was appointed to the Caja de Provision y Socorro, an organization handling 40,000 cases of injury per year. In 1935, soon after becoming Chief Surgeon in Catalonia, he was confronted by the special problems presented by the casualties of the Spanish Civil War.With a Nationalist victory imminent in 1939, he moved to England where his special skills were recognized, and at the outbreak of the Second World War he was appointed to the Wing-field Hospital and the Radcliffe Infirmary at Oxford. After an interregnum at the end of the war, in 1949 he was appointed Nuffield Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery at Oxford, and held this post until his retirement in 1965, when he was able to return to Spain.His technique of wound management stressed the importance of wound cleansing, excision of non-viable tissue, drainage and immobilization, and was particularly timely in that the advent of penicillin permitted the practical pursuit of new concepts in the treatment not only of the soft tissues, but also of bone infection. He was engaged in many other research projects, in particular those concerned with "crush syndrome" and its renal implications.[br]Bibliography1939, Treatment of Wounds and Fractures with special reference to the closed method, London.1943, The Principles and Practice of War Surgery with special reference to the Biological Method of Treatment of Wounds and Fractures, London.1980, Trueta: Surgeon in War and Peace, trans. M.Strubell and M.Strubell, London (autobiography).MG -
113 operative
1. adjective1) (in operation)2) (most relevant)2. nounthe operative word is ‘quietly’ — die Betonung liegt auf "leise"
[Fach]arbeiter, der/-arbeiterin, die* * *[-rətiv, ]( American[) -reitiv]* * *op·era·tive[ˈɒpəretɪv, AM ˈɑ:pɚət̬ɪv]I. nFBI \operative FBI-Agent(in) m(f)these reasons still remain \operative diese Gründe bestehen immer noch\operative treatment chirurgische Behandlung* * *['ɒpərətIv]1. adj1) (= producing an effect) measure, laws wirksam; clause maßgeblich, entscheidend; (= in effect) law rechtsgültig, geltend; plan, system, service operativ"if" being the operative word — wobei "wenn" das entscheidende Wort ist
to become operative (law) — in Kraft treten; (system etc) verbindlich eingeführt werden
2. n(of machinery) Maschinenarbeiter(in) m(f); (= detective) Detektiv(in) m(f); (= spy) Agent(in) m(f); (US POL = campaign worker) Parteiarbeiter(in) m(f)* * *A adj1. wirkend:the operative date das maßgebliche Datum;the operative point der springende Punkt;2. wirksam (Dosis etc):become operative in Kraft treten, (rechts)wirksam werden;be operative in Kraft oder wirksam sein3. praktisch:4. WIRTSCH, TECH Arbeits…, Betriebs…, betrieblich, betriebsfähig:operative condition betriebsfähiger Zustand;operative position Arbeitslage f5. MED operativ, chirurgisch, Operations…:operative treatment operative Behandlung;operative dentistry Zahn- und Kieferchirurgie f6. arbeitend, tätig, beschäftigtB s1. Werktätige(r) m/f(m), besondersa) Facharbeiter(in)b) angelernte(r) Arbeiter(in)c) Handwerker(in)d) Mechaniker(in)2. US Privatdetektiv m* * *1. adjective2. nounthe operative word is ‘quietly’ — die Betonung liegt auf "leise"
[Fach]arbeiter, der/-arbeiterin, die* * *adj.funktionsfähig adj.funktionstüchtig adj. n.Fabrikarbeiter m. -
114 Forsmann, Werner Theodor Otto
SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology[br]b. 29 August 1904 Berlin, Germanyd. 1 June 1979 Schofheim, Germany[br]German cardiologist and surgeon, pioneer of cardiac catheterization in humans.[br]Forsmann studied medicine at the University of Berlin, graduating in 1929. He later became chief of the surgical clinic in Dresden-Friedrichstadt, and in 1958 he became head of the surgical division of the Evangelical Hospital in Düsseldorf.Intravascular catheterization had been undertaken in research with animals by Marey in 1861, and had been used in 1912 by Unger et al. in the treatment of puerperal sepsis. In 1929 Forsmann inserted a catheter into his own cubital vein and up into the heart, monitoring its position with X-rays. Continuing experiments demonstrated that it was possible to undertake radiographic studies of the heart using contrast media. Despite the outstanding potential of the technique, its immediate adoption was held to present unacceptable dangers; it was not until developments in anaesthesia and antibiotics that the technique achieved its present position as a routine investigation permitting the widespread practice of angiocardiography. Deterred by criticism, Forsmann turned his energies to urology, gaining much distinction in this field.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology (jointly with A.F.Cournand and D.W.Richards) 1956.Bibliography1929, "Die Sonderung des rechten Herzens", Klin. Woch.Further ReadingJ.A.Meyer, 1990, "Werner Forsmann and the catheterisation of the heart", Ann. Thorac. Surg.MGBiographical history of technology > Forsmann, Werner Theodor Otto
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115 hospital
сущ.1) мед. больница, клиника; лечебница; госпиталь, лазаретto go to visit smb. in hospital — навещать кого-л. в больнице
he was taken to [put in\] hospital — его положили [поместили\] в больницу
mental hospital, hospital for the insane — психиатрическая больница
maternity hospital, lying-in hospital — родильный дом
charity [voluntary\] hospital — благотворительная больница
hospital attendant — санитар больницы [госпиталя\]
See:hospital professional liability insurance, accident hospital, day hospital, government hospital, long-term hospital, night hospital, non-participating hospital, participating hospital, physician-hospital organization, short-term hospital, hospital insurance, hospital cash plan, hospital-surgical expense insurance, hospital professional liability insurance, American Hospital Association, hospitalize, hospitalization, hospitalist, inpatient2) общ., редк. богадельня; благотворительная школа; приют3) общ., редк. студенческое общежитие4) эк., амер. мелкая ремонтная мастерская (по ремонту игрушек и т. п.)doll [fountain pen\] hospital — мастерская по ремонту кукол [авторучек\]
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116 steel
сталь || стальной- abrasion-resistant steel
- acid Bessemer steel
- acid electric steel
- acid open-hearth steel
- acid steel
- acid-resisting steel
- age-hardenable steel
- ageing steel
- aircraft structural steel
- air-hardened steel
- air-hardening steel
- air-melted steel
- alkaliproof steel
- alkali-resistant steel
- alloy steel
- alloy tool steel
- alloyed steel
- alphatized steel
- aluminized steel
- aluminum grain-refined steel
- aluminum steel
- aluminum-coated steel
- aluminum-nickel steel
- aluminum-stabilized steel
- anchor steel
- angle steel
- annealed steel
- anticorrosion steel
- arc-furnace steel
- armco steel
- ausaging steel
- ausforming steel
- austenitic manganese steel
- austenitic Ni-Cr stainless steel
- austenitic stainless steel
- austenitic steel
- austenitic-carbidic steel
- austenitic-intermetallic steel
- automatic steel
- automobile steel
- axle steel
- bainitically heat-treated steel
- balanced steel
- ball bearing steel
- banding steel
- bandsaw steel
- bar steel
- basic Bessemer steel
- basic converter steel
- basic open-hearth steel
- basic oxygen steel
- bearing steel
- bearing-grade steel
- beaten steel
- beryllium steel
- Bessemer steel
- blanking steel
- blister steel
- blue steel
- boiler steel
- boron steel
- bottle-top steel
- bottom-run steel
- bright drawing steel
- bright steel
- bright-drawn steel
- bright-finished steel
- bronze steel
- bulb steel
- bulb-angle steel
- burned steel
- capped steel
- carbon nitrided steel
- carbon steel
- carbon tool steel
- carbonized steel
- carbon-martensite steel
- carbon-molybdenum steel
- carbon-vacuum deoxidized steel
- carburized steel
- carburizing steel
- case-hardened steel
- case-hardening steel
- cast steel
- cemented steel
- chain steel
- chilled steel
- chisel steel
- chrome steel
- chrome-manganese steel
- chrome-molybdenum steel
- chrome-nickel steel
- chrome-nickel-alloy steel
- chrome-nickel-molibdenum steel
- chrome-plated steel
- chrome-tungsten steel
- chrome-vanadium steel
- chromium steel
- chromium tool steel
- chromium-aluminum steel
- chromium-cobalt steel
- chromium-copper steel
- chromium-manganese steel
- chromium-molibdenum steel
- chromium-nickel steel
- chromium-nickel-molybdenum steel
- chromium-silicon steel
- chromium-tungsten steel
- chromium-tungsten-vanadium steel
- chromized steel
- clad steel
- cobalt steel
- cobalt-nickel steel
- coiled steel
- cold work steel
- cold-drawn steel
- cold-heading steel
- cold-rolled steel
- columbium-stabilized steel
- commercial forging steel
- commercial quality steel
- commercial steel
- common steel
- composite steel
- compound steel
- concrete-prestressing steel
- concrete-reinforcing steel
- constructional steel
- consumable electrode vacuum-melted steel
- controlled rimming steel
- converted steel
- converter steel
- copper steel
- copper-bearing steel
- copper-chromium steel
- copperclad steel
- copper-nickel steel
- copper-plated steel
- corrosion-resistant steel
- corrosion-resisting steel
- corrugated sheet steel
- CQ steel
- creep-resisting steel
- crucible steel
- crude steel
- cutlery-type stainless steel
- cyanided steel
- damascus steel
- damask steel
- DDQ steel
- dead-hard steel
- dead-melted steel
- dead-soft steel
- deep drawing quality steel
- deep drawing steel
- deep-hardening steel
- degasified steel
- deoxidized steel
- diamond tread steel
- die steel
- direct-process steel
- dirty steel
- dopped steel
- double-reduced steel
- double-refined steel
- double-shear steel
- drawn steel
- drill steel
- duplex steel
- dynamo sheet steel
- dynamo steel
- easily deformable steel
- EDD steel
- effervescent steel
- electric furnace steel
- electric steel
- electric tool steel
- electrical furnace steel
- emergency steel
- eutectoid steel
- exotic steel
- exposed quality steel
- extra deep drawing steel
- extrafine steel
- extrahard steel
- extrahigh tensile steel
- extrasoft steel
- face-hardened steel
- fagoted steel
- fashioned steel
- fast-finishing steel
- fast-machine steel
- faulty steel
- ferrite steel
- ferritic stainless steel
- ferritic steel
- fiery steel
- figured steel
- file steel
- fine steel
- fine-grained steel
- finished steel
- first quality steel
- flange steel
- flat steel
- flat-bulb steel
- flat-rolled steel
- forge steel
- forged steel
- forging die steel
- forging steel
- free-cutting steel
- free-machining steel
- fully deoxidized steel
- fully finished steel
- galvanized steel
- gear steel
- general purpose steel
- glass-hard steel
- grade steel
- graphitic steel
- graphitizable steel
- gun barrels steel
- gun steel
- Hadfield steel
- half-hard steel
- Halvan tool steel
- hammered steel
- hard cast steel
- hard steel
- hard-chrome steel
- hardened steel
- hard-grain steel
- heat-resistant steel
- heat-treated steel
- heavily alloyed steel
- heavy-fagoted steel
- heavy-melting steel
- hexagonal steel
- high-alloy steel
- high-carbon steel
- high-chromium steel
- high-cobalt steel
- high-creep strength steel
- high-ductility steel
- high-elastic limit steel
- higher-carbon steel
- high-grade steel
- high-hardenability core steel
- high-hardenability steel
- high-manganese steel
- high-nickel steel
- high-permeability steel
- high-quality steel
- high-resistance steel
- high-speed steel
- high-strength low alloy steel
- high-strength steel
- high-sulphur steel
- high-temperature steel
- high-tensile steel
- hollow drill steel
- hot die steel
- hot-brittle steel
- hot-rolled steel
- hot-work steel
- hot-working die steel
- hot-working steel
- HSLA steel
- H-steel
- hypereutectoid steel
- hyperpearlitic steel
- hypoeutectoid steel
- hypopearlitic steel
- Indian steel
- induction furnace steel
- induction vacuum melted steel
- ingot steel
- intermediate-alloy steel
- iron-chromium stainless steel
- irreversible steel
- killed steel
- knife steel
- knife-blade steel
- lead-coated steel
- leaded steel
- lean alloy steel
- ledeburitic steel
- light gage steel
- liquid-compressed steel
- loman steel
- low earing steel
- low-alloy steel
- low-alloyed steel
- low-carbon steel
- low-ductility steel
- low-expansion steel
- low-hardenability steel
- low-hardening steel
- low-manganese steel
- low-nickel steel
- low-phosphorus steel
- low-texture steel
- machine-tool steel
- magnet steel
- mandrel steel
- manganese steel
- manganese-killed steel
- manganese-silicon steel
- maraging steel
- martempering steel
- martensitic steel
- mechanically capped steel
- medium alloy steel
- medium-carbon steel
- medium-hard steel
- medium-strength steel
- medium-temper steel
- merchant steel
- mild steel
- milling steel
- mixed steel
- molybdenum steel
- needled steel
- nickel steel
- nickel-chrome steel
- nickel-chrome-molybdenum steel
- nickel-chromium steel
- nickel-chromium-molybdenum steel
- nickel-clad steel
- nickel-molybdenum steel
- nitrided steel
- nonaging steel
- noncorrosive steel
- nondeforming steel
- nonhardening steel
- nonmagnetic steel
- nonpiping steel
- nonrustic steel
- nonshrinking steel
- nonstrain-aging steel
- normal steel
- octagon steel
- oil-hardening steel
- open-hearth steel
- open-poured steel
- ordinary steel
- oriented steel
- overblown steel
- overheated steel
- over-reduced steel
- oxidation-resisting steel
- paragon steel
- pearlitic steel
- perished steel
- permanent-magnet steel
- PH steel
- piled steel
- pipe steel
- piped steel
- plain carbon steel
- plain steel
- planished sheet steel
- planished steel
- plate steel
- plow steel
- pneumatic steel
- polished sheet steel
- polished steel
- pot steel
- powder metallurgical compacted steel
- powdered metal high-speed steel
- precipitation-hardening steel
- precision steel
- pressure vessel steel
- primary steel
- puddle steel
- puddled steel
- punching steel
- purified steel
- PV steel
- QT steel
- quality steel
- quenched-and-tempered steel
- quick-cutting steel
- quick-speed steel
- rail steel
- railway structural steel
- rapid machining steel
- rapid steel
- raw steel
- red-hard steel
- refined steel
- refining steel
- refractory steel
- reinforcing steel
- rephosphorized steel
- resilient steel
- resulphurized steel
- rimmed steel
- rimming steel
- rising steel
- rivet steel
- rolled section steel
- rolled steel
- roller-bearing steel
- rose steel
- round steel
- rustless steel
- rust-resisting steel
- saw steel
- scrap steel
- screw steel
- secondary steel
- section steel
- selenium steel
- self-hardening steel
- semideoxidized steel
- semifinished steel
- semikilled steel
- shallow-hardening steel
- shape steel
- shear steel
- shearing steel
- sheet steel
- shock-resisting steel
- Siemens-Martin steel
- silchrome steel
- silicon steel
- silicon-killed steel
- silicon-manganese steel
- silver steel
- simple steel
- skelp steel
- slowly cooled steel
- soft steel
- special steel
- special treatment steel
- spheroidized steel
- spotty steel
- spring steel
- stabilized steel
- stainless clad steel
- stainless steel
- standard steel
- stock steel
- strain-aged steel
- stress-relieved annealed steel
- strip steel
- strong steel
- structural steel
- super-corrosion-resistant stainless steel
- superduty steel
- surface-hardening steel
- surgical steel
- tap steel
- tapped-on-carbon steel
- T-bulb steel
- tee-bulb steel
- tempered steel
- tensile strength steel
- ternary steel
- thermostrengthened steel
- Thomas steel
- through-hardening steel
- titanium steel
- titanium-stabilized steel
- tool steel
- Tor steel
- transformation induced plasticity steel
- transformer steel
- treated steel
- TRIP steel
- tube steel
- tungsten steel
- turbohearth steel
- two-ply steel
- tyre steel
- ultrastrong steel
- unkilled steel
- unsound steel
- vacuum carbon deoxidized steel
- vacuum degased steel
- vacuum-cast steel
- vacuum-induction melted steel
- vacuum-remelted steel
- valve steel
- vanadium steel
- water-hardening steel
- wear-resisting alloy steel
- weathering steel
- weld steel
- weldable steel
- welding steel
- wild steel
- wire rope steel
- Wootz steel
- wrought steelEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > steel
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117 operative
op·era·tive [ʼɒpəretɪv, Am ʼɑ:pɚət̬ɪv] nFBI \operative FBI-Agent(in) m(f) adjthese reasons still remain \operative diese Gründe bestehen immer noch\operative treatment chirurgische Behandlung -
118 operative
['ɔp(ə)rətɪv] 1. прил.1)а) действующий, работающийMy car was still in an operative condition. — Моя машина была по-прежнему в исправном состоянии.
Syn:б) действенный, эффективный; продуктивныйI really had no operative motives for doing it. — На самом деле, у меня не было веских оснований для того, чтобы так поступать.
She was given an operative dose of the medicine. — Ей ввели необходимую дозу препарата.
Syn:2) важный, имеющий значение; существенный, заключающий в себе главный смыслoperative part (of the treaty) — ключевой момент (переговоров); постановляющая часть документа
After all, she didn't bring the boy on that operative Saturday. — В конце концов, она так и не привела мальчика в тот решающий субботний день.
Syn:significant 2., important3) мед. оперативный, операционныйoperative treatment — оперативное, хирургическое вмешательство
Syn:4) уст. выполняющий физическую работу (о человеке, машине)2. сущ.1) квалифицированный рабочий ( на промышленном предприятии), оператор технического устройства, станочник, механикSyn:2)а) сыщик, детектив ( обычно частный)Syn:б) тайный агент; шпионSyn:secret agent, spy 1.3) ремесленник, кустарьSyn:4) уст.а) деятельное настроение или состояние активностиб) эффективное, действенное лекарство -
119 ward
1. n опека; попечительствоa child in ward — ребёнок, находящийся под опекой; подопечный ребёнок
2. n лицо, находящееся под опекой; подопечныйward of court — несовершеннолетнее или недееспособное лицо, опекун которого назначается судом или которое непосредственно опекается судом
3. n ист. протекторат; подопечная территория4. n административный район города5. n избирательный округ6. n район7. n больничная палата8. n отделение больницы или госпиталя9. n тюремная камера10. n место заключения, тюрьма11. n внутренний двор крепости или замка12. n редк. охрана; хранение; защита; присмотрto hold ward — стоять на страже; охранять
13. n содержание под стражейparole ward — изолятор для нарушивших режим условно-досрочного освобождения под честное слово
14. n охрана, караул, патруль15. n средство защиты16. n выступ или выемка17. v отражать, парировать; отвращать18. v помещать в больничную палату19. v охранять, защищать; караулитьto ward in — огораживать, окружать
Синонимический ряд:1. charge (noun) charge; dependant2. custody (noun) care; custody; guardianship; keeping; safekeeping; trust3. defense (noun) aegis; armament; armor; defence; defense; protection; safeguard; security; shield4. district (noun) department; district; division; parish; precinct; territory5. guard (noun) guard; lookout; picket; sentinel; sentry; watch; watchman6. protege (noun) child; dependent; protege7. deflect (verb) deflect; fend; parry8. prevent (verb) avert; deter; forestall; forfend; head off; obviate; preclude; prevent; rule out; stave off; turn aside -
120 Carrel, Alexis
SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology[br]b. 28 June 1873 Lyon, Franced. 5 November 1944 Paris, France[br]French surgeon and experimental biologist, pioneer of blood-vessel repair techniques and "in vitro" tissue culture.[br]He entered the university of Lyon as a medical student in 1890, but although attached to the Chasseurs Alpins as a surgeon, and to the department of anatomy, he did not qualify as a doctor until 1900. Soon after, he developed an interest in the repair of blood vessels and reported his first successes in 1902.In consequence of local political difficulties he left for Paris, and after a further year, in 1904, he became Assistant in Physiology at the University of Chicago. His further development of vascular surgical advances led to organ transplants in animals. By 1908 he had moved to in vitro cultivation of heart tissue from a chick embryo (a culture of which, in the care of an assistant, outlived him).He returned to service in the French Army in 1914 and was associated with Dakin in developing the irrigation treatment of infected wounds. In 1930 he initiated a programme aimed at the cultivation of whole organs, and with the assistance of a pump developed by Charles Lindbergh he succeeded in maintaining thyroid gland and kidney tissue for some weeks. Something of a mystic, Carrel returned to France in 1939 to head his Institute for the Study of Human Problems.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology 1912.Bibliography1911, "The surgery of blood vessels", Johns Hopkins Bulletin.1911, "Rejuvenation of cultures of tissues", Journal of the American Medical Association.1938, The Culture of Organs, New York. 1938, Man the Unknown, New York.Further ReadingR.Soupault, 1952, Alexis Carrel. 1873–1944, Paris (contains full bibliography of papers).MG
См. также в других словарях:
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