such+as

Bacchus, i, m., = Bakchos, son of Jupiter and a Theban woman, Semele, Tib. 3, 4, 45; Ov. F. 6, 485:

bis genitus (since, as Semele died before his birth, he was carried about by Jupiter in his hip until the time of his maturity),

Curt. 8, 10, 12, Ov. Tr. 5, 3, 26; cf. id. M. 3, 310, and bimatris, id. ib. 4, 12; v. also Cic. Fl. 26, 60; Verg. G. 4, 521; the god of wine (as such also called Liber, the deliverer, Lyæus (luein), the care-dispeller; cf. Enn. ap. Charis. p. 214 P., or Trag. Rel. v. 149 Vahl.; cf Hor. Epod. 9, 38; as intoxicating and inspiring, he is god of poets, esp. of the highly inspired, Ov. Am. 3, 1, 23; 3, 15, 17; id. Tr. 5, 3, 33 sq.; Hor. C. 2, 19, 1; Juv. 7, 64;

who wore crowns of ivy, which was consecrated to him,

Ov. Tr. 5, 3, 15: Bacchica verba (poëtae), id ib. 1, 7, 2.—He was worshipped esp. in Thrace and Macedonia, and particularly upon Mount Edon, Hor. C. 2, 7, 27;

hence, the Bacchæ are called matres Edonides,

Ov. M. 11, 69; id. Tr. 4, 1, 42; v. also Liber.—Bacchus, in the most ancient times, is represented as a god of nature by a Phallic Herma (v. such a statue in O. Müll. Denkm. 4); in the class. per. in the form of a beautiful youth (Tib. 1, 4, 37; Ov. F. 3, 773), with a crown of vine leaves or ivy upon his head, and sometimes with small horns upon his forehead (id. ib. 3, 481; 3, 767; 6, 483);

hence, corymbifer,

Ov. F. 1, 393; Tib. 2, 1, 3; Paul. ex Fest. s. v. cornua, p. 37 Müll.;

his soft hair fell in long ringlets upon his shoulders (depexus crinibus,

Ov. F. 3, 465; cf. id. M. 3, 421); with the exception of a fawn's skin (nebris) thrown around him, he was usually represented naked, but with high and beautiful buskins, the Dionysian cothurni, upon his feet; in his hand he, as well as his attendants (a satyr, Silenus, and the Bacchæ), carried the thyrsus (id. F. 3, 764; cf. id. M. 4, 7 sq.); cf. O. Müll. Arch. § 383.—

Meton.

The cry or invocation to Bacchus, lo Bacche! audito Baccho, Verg. A. 4, 302.—

The vine:

apertos Bacchus amat colles,

Verg. G. 2, 113; Manil. 5, 238; Luc. 9, 433; Col. 10, 38; cf.

fertilis,

Hor. C. 2, 6, 19.—

Wine:

Bacchi quom flos evanuit,

Lucr. 3, 222:

madeant generoso pocula Baccho,

Tib. 3, 6, 5:

et multo in primis hilarans convivia Baccho,

Verg. E. 5, 69; so id. G. 1, 344; 4, 279; id. A. 5, 77; Hor. C. 3, 16, 34; Ov. M. 4, 765; 6, 488; 7, 246; 7, 450; 13, 639; cf.: Bacchi Massicus umor. Verg. G. 2, 143.—

Hence, derivv.

Bac-chĭcus, a, um, adj., = Bakchikos, of Bacchus, Bacchic:

serta,

Ov. Tr. 1, 7, 2; Mart. 7, 62:

buxus,

Stat. Th. 9, 479:

Naxos,

id. Achill. 2, 4:

ritus,

Macr. S. 1, 18:

metrum,

Diom. p. 513 P.—

Bacchĭus, a, um, adj., = Bakchios, of Bacchus:

sacra,

Ov. M. 3, 518.—

Bacchēus, a, um, adj., = Bakcheios, Bacchic:

ululatus,

Ov. M. 11, 17:

sacra,

the feast of Bacchus, id. ib. 3, 691:

cornua,

Stat. Th. 9, 435.—

Bacchēĭ-us, a, um, the same:

dona,

i. e. wine, Verg. G. 2, 454 (prob. a spurious verse; v. Forbig. ad loc.).—

Bacchīus, a, um, adj., Bacchic: pes, a metrical foot, a Bacchius, ¯¯˘

(e. g. Rōmānŭs),

Ter. Maur. p. 2414 P., although others reverse this order; v. Quint. 9, 4, 82; Ascon. Div. in Caecil. 7; Don. p. 1739 P.

Bacchus, i, m., a sea-fish, also called myxon, Plin. 9, 17, 28, § 61; 32, 7, 25, § 77; 32, 11, 53, § 145.

curro, cŭcurri (old form cĕcurri, acc. to Gell. 7, 9, 14: curri, Varr. Imp. ap. Front. Ep. 2 Mai; Tert. Fug. in Pers. 12; Arn. 4, 4), cursum, 3, v. n. [kindr. with celer, coruscus], to run, to move quickly (on foot, on a horse, ship, etc.), to hasten, fly (very freq. in every period and species of composition).

Lit.

Of living beings:

si ingrederis curre, si curris advola,

Cic. Att. 2, 23, 3:

propere,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 56:

per vias,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 1, 24:

per totum conclave pavidi,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 113:

circum loculos,

id. ib. 2, 3, 147:

subsidio,

Cic. Att. 12, 3, 2; Prop. 2 (3), 26, 17 al.:

in nostros toros,

id. 3, 20 (4, 19), 10 et saep.:

ad villam praecipitanter,

Lucr. 3, 1063:

per omne mare nautae,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 30:

trans mare,

id. Ep. 1, 11, 27:

extremos ad Indos mercator,

id. ib. 1, 1, 45; cf.:

injecto ter pulvere curras (nauta),

id. C. 1, 28, 36 al.:

sed neque currentem se nec cognoscit euntem,

his former strength, Verg. A. 12, 903:

ad vocem praeceps amensque cucurri,

Ov. M. 7, 844.—With acc. of distance:

uno die MCCCV. stadia,

Plin. 7, 20, 20, § 84; cf.

in a figure: eosdem cursus,

Cic. Agr. 2, 17, 44; cf. b infra.— Poet., of flight:

medio ut limite curras, Icare, moneo,

Ov. M. 8, 203.—With inf.:

quis illam (dextram) osculari non curreret?

Val. Max. 5, 1, ext. 1.— Impers.:

ad me curritur,

Ter. Heaut. prol. 44:

curritur ad praetorium,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 35, § 92:

quo curratur celeriter,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 1, 30 al. —

Rarely with the homogeneous objects iter, stadium, campus, etc.:

qui stadium currit,

who runs a race, Cic. Off. 3, 10, 42:

currimus aequor,

Verg. A. 3, 191; 5, 235 (cf. id. ib. 5, 862).—Hence pass.: unde et campus curritur et mare navigatur, Auct. ap. Quint. 1, 4, 28.—

Prov.: currentem incitare or instigare, etc., to spur a willing horse, i. e. to urge one who needs no urging, Cic. Phil. 3, 8, 19; id. Fam. 15, 15, 3; id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 16, § 45:

facilius est currentem, ut aiunt, incitare quam commovere languentem,

id. de Or. 2, 44, 186; Plin. Ep. 3, 7, 15; cf.

ellipt.: quod me hortaris... currentem tu quidem,

Cic. Att. 13, 45, 2; so,

currentem hortari,

id. ib. 5, 9, 1;

6, 7, 1: currenti calcaria addere,

Plin. Ep. 1, 8, 1:

asellum currere doceas,

i. e. you labor to no purpose, Hor. S. 1, 1, 91:

per flammam,

to go through fire, Cic. Tusc. 2, 26, 62.—

Transf., of inanimate objects (mostly poet.):

sol currens,

Lucr. 5, 682;

of liquids: amnes in aequora currunt,

Verg. A. 12, 524; id. ib. 1, 607; Ov. M. 8, 597;

Auct. B. Hisp. 29 al.: currente rotā,

Hor. C. 3, 10, 10; id. A. P. 22; Ov. P. 4, 9, 10:

quam (chlamydem) circum Purpura cucurrit,

Verg. A. 5, 250; cf. Stat. Th. 2, 98:

rubor per ora,

Verg. A. 12, 66 et saep.:

linea per medium,

Plin. 18, 34, 77, § 331:

limes per agrum,

id. 18, 33, 76, § 326; 2, 108, 112, §§

243 and 245: vox currit conchato parietum spatio,

id. 11, 51, 112, § 270:

varius per ora cucurrit Ausonidum turbata fremor,

Verg. A. 11, 296:

carmina dulci modulatione currentia,

Lact. 5, 1, 10;

of the eyes: oculi currentes, huc illucque directi et furiose respicientes,

Cassiod. Hist. Eccl. 7, 2, p. 281 Garet.—

Trop.:

non quo multa parum communis littera currat,

not but that they have many letters in common, Lucr. 2, 692:

proclivi currit oratio, venit ad extremum, haeret in salebrā,

runs, Cic. Fin. 5, 28, 84:

historia currere debet ac ferri,

Quint. 9, 4, 18:

cum debeant sublimia ingredi, acria currere,

id. 9, 4, 139:

numeri,

id. 9, 4, 31; cf.

rhythmi,

id. 9, 4, 50:

versus incomposito pede,

Hor. S. 1, 10, 1:

sententia,

id. ib. 1, 10, 9:

currit ferox Aetas,

flies away, passes, id. C. 2, 5, 13.—

With acc., to run, traverse (cf. I. b. supra):

eosdem cursus currere,

to adopt the same policy, Cic. Agr. 2, 17, 44:

talia saecla, suis dixerunt, currite, fusis Concordes Parcae,

Verg. E. 4, 46 (al. regard saecla as voc.; al. take currite as transitive, produce such ages, cause them to be such, as ye run; cf. Forbig ad loc.).

D, d (n. indecl., sometimes f. sc. littera), the flat dental mute, corresponding in character and sound to the English d and the Greek D, was the fourth letter of the Latin alphabet, and was called de: Ter. Maur. p. 2385 P., Auson. Idyll. 12, de Litt. Monos. 14. But at the end of a syllable, or after another consonant, its sound was sharpened, so that the grammarians often discuss the question whether d or t should be written, especially in conjunctions and prepositions. Illa quoque servata est a multis differentia, ut ad cum esset praepositio, d litteram, cum autem conjunctio, t acciperet (Quint. 1, 7, 5; cf. id. 1, 4, 16). Hence we may infer that some disputed this distinction, and that the sounds of ad and at must at least have been very similar (cf. also Terent. Scaur. p. 2250, Vel. Long. p. 2230 sq., Cassiod. p. 2287, 2291). Thus also aput, it, quit, quot, aliut, set, haut are found for apud, id, quid, quod, aliud, sed, haud. It would appear from the remarks of these authors that the last two words in particular, having a proclitic character, while they distinctly retained the d sound before an initial vowel in the following word, were pronounced before a consonant almost as set, haut (Mar. Vict. p. 2462 P., Vel. Long. l. l. v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 191 sq.). The use of t for d in the middle of a word, as Alexenter for Alexander, atnato for adnato, is very rare (cf. Wordsworth, Fragm. p. 486 sq.). On the other hand, the use of d for t, which sometimes appears in MSS. and inscrr., as ed, capud, essed, inquid (all of which occur in the Cod. palimps. of Cic. Rep.), adque, quodannis, sicud, etc., fecid, reliquid, etc. (all in inscriptions after the Augustan period), is to be ascribed to a later phonetic softening (cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 191 sq.).

As an initial, the letter d, in pure Latin words, suffers only a vowel after it; the single consonantal compound dr being found only in borrowed words, such as drama, Drusus, Druidae, etc., and in the two onomatopees drenso and drindio. Accordingly, the d of the initial dv, from du, was rejected, and the remaining v either retained unaltered (as in v iginti for du iginti; cf. triginta) or changed into b (as in b ellum, b is, b onus, for du ellum, du is, du onus; v. those words and the letter B). So too in and after the 4th century A.D., di before vowels was pronounced like j (cf. J ovis for Dj ovis, and J anus for Di anus); and hence, as the Greek di ( di) passed into dz, i. e. z (as in z a for d ia, and z eta for di aeta), we sometimes find the same name written in two or three ways, as Diabolenus, Jabolenus, Zabolenus; Jadera, Diadora, Zara. In many Greek words, however, which originally began with a y sound, d was prefixed by an instinctive effort to avoid a disagreeable utterance, just as in English the initial j has regularly assumed the sound of dj: thus Gr. zugon, i. e. diugon = L. jugum; and in such cases the d sound has been prefixed in Greek, not lost in Latin and other languages (v. Curt. Griech. Etym. p. 608 sq.).b. As a medial, d before most consonants undergoes assimilation; v. ad, no. II.; assum, init., and cf. iccirco, quippiam, quicquam, for idcirco, quidpiam, quidquam; and in contractions like cette from cedite, pelluviae from pediluviae, sella from sedela. In contractions, however, the d is sometimes dropped and a compensation effected by lengthening the preceding vowel, as scāla for scand-la. D before endings which begin with s was suppressed, as pes from ped-s, lapis from lapid-s, frons from frond-s, rasi from radsi, risi from rid-si, lusi from lud-si, clausi from claud-si; but in the second and third roots of cedo, and in the third roots of some other verbs, d is assimilated, as cessi, cessum, fossum, etc. D is also omitted before s in composition when another consonant follows the s, as ascendo, aspicio, asto, astringo, and so also before the nasal gn in agnatus, agnitus, and agnosco, from gnatus, etc.: but in other combinations it is assimilated, as assentio, acclamo, accresco; affligo, affrico; agglomero, aggrego; applico, approbo, etc. In tentum, from tendo, d is dropped to avoid the combination ndt or ntt, since euphony forbids a consonant to be doubled after another.g. Final d stood only in ad, apud, sed, and in the neuter pronouns quid, quod, illud, istud, and aliud, anciently alid. Otherwise, the ending d was considered barbarous, Prisc. p. 686 P.

The letter d represents regularly an original Indo-Germanic d, in Greek d, but which in German becomes z, in Gothic t, and in Anglo-Saxon t: cf. Gr. hêdomai, Sanscr. svad, Germ. süss, Angl.-Sax. svēte (sweet), with Lat. suadeo; domare with Gr. damaô, Germ. zähmen, Eng. tame; domus with demô, timber, O. H. Germ. zimber; duo with duô, zwei, two. But it is also interchanged with other sounds, and thus sometimes represents—

An original t: mendax from mentior; quadraginta, quadra, etc., from quatuor.—

An original r: ar and ad; apur or apor and apud; meridies and medidies, audio and auris; cf. arbiter, from ad-beto; arcesso for ad-cesso.—

An original l: adeps, Gr. aleipha; dacrima and lacrima, dingua and lingua; cf. on the contrary, olere for odere, consilium and considere, Ulixes from Odusseus (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 223).—

An original s: Claudius, from the Sabine Clausus, medius and misos; and, on the contrary, rosa and rhodon. —

A Greek th: fides, pistis; gaudere, gêtheô; vad-i-monium (from va-d-s, vadis), aethlon.

In the oldest period of the language d was the ending of the ablat. sing. and of the adverbs which were originally ablatives (cf. Ritschl, Neue Plaut. Excur. I.; Brix ad Plaut. Trin. Prol. 10): pu CNANDO, MARID, DICTATORED, IN ALTOD MARID, NAVALED PRAEDAD on the Col. Rostr.; DE SENATVOS SENTENTIAD (thrice) IN OQVOLTOD, IN POPLICOD, IN PREIVATOD, IN COVENTIONID, and the adverbs SVPRAD SCRIPTVM EST (thrice), EXSTRAD QVAM SEI, and even EXSTRAD VRBEM, in S. C. de Bacch. So intra-d, ultra-d, citra-d, contra-d, infra-d, supra-d; contro-d, intro-d, etc.; and probably interea-d, postea-d. Here too belongs, no doubt, the adverb FACILVMED, found in the last-mentioned inscription. But this use of the d became antiquated during the 3d century B.C., and is not found at all in any inscription after 186 B. C. Plautus seems to have used or omitted it at will (Ritschl, Neue Plaut. Excurs. p. 18: Corss. Ausspr. 1, 197; 2, 1008).

D final was also anciently found—

In the accus. sing. of the personal pronouns med, ted, sed: INTER SED CONIOVRASE and INTER SED DEDISE, for inter se conjuravisse and inter se dedisse, in the S. C. de Bacch. This usage was retained, at least as a license of verse, when the next word began with a vowel, even in the time of Plautus. But in the classic period this d no longer appears. —

In the imperative mood;

as estod,

Fest. p. 230. The Oscan language retained this ending (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 206).—

In the preposition se-, originally identical with the conjunction sed (it is retained in the compound seditio); also in red-, prod-, antid-, postid-, etc. ( redire, prodire, etc.); and in these words, too, it is a remnant of the ancient characteristic of the ablative (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 200 sq.; Roby, Lat. Gr. 1, 49).

As an abbreviation, D usually stands for the praenomen Decimus; also for Deus, Divus, Dominus, Decurio, etc.; over epitaphs, D. M. = Diis Manibus; over temple inscriptions, D. O. M. = Deo Optimo Maxumo; in the titles of the later emperors, D. N. = Dominus Noster, and DD. NN. = Domini Nostri. Before dates of letters, D signified dabam, and also dies; hence, a. d. = ante diem; in offerings to the gods, D. D. = dono or donum dedit; D. D. D. = dat, dicat, dedicat, etc. Cf. Orell. Inscr. II. p. 457 sq.

D, d (n. indecl., sometimes f. sc. littera), the flat dental mute, corresponding in character and sound to the English d and the Greek D, was the fourth letter of the Latin alphabet, and was called de: Ter. Maur. p. 2385 P., Auson. Idyll. 12, de Litt. Monos. 14. But at the end of a syllable, or after another consonant, its sound was sharpened, so that the grammarians often discuss the question whether d or t should be written, especially in conjunctions and prepositions. Illa quoque servata est a multis differentia, ut ad cum esset praepositio, d litteram, cum autem conjunctio, t acciperet (Quint. 1, 7, 5; cf. id. 1, 4, 16). Hence we may infer that some disputed this distinction, and that the sounds of ad and at must at least have been very similar (cf. also Terent. Scaur. p. 2250, Vel. Long. p. 2230 sq., Cassiod. p. 2287, 2291). Thus also aput, it, quit, quot, aliut, set, haut are found for apud, id, quid, quod, aliud, sed, haud. It would appear from the remarks of these authors that the last two words in particular, having a proclitic character, while they distinctly retained the d sound before an initial vowel in the following word, were pronounced before a consonant almost as set, haut (Mar. Vict. p. 2462 P., Vel. Long. l. l. v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 191 sq.). The use of t for d in the middle of a word, as Alexenter for Alexander, atnato for adnato, is very rare (cf. Wordsworth, Fragm. p. 486 sq.). On the other hand, the use of d for t, which sometimes appears in MSS. and inscrr., as ed, capud, essed, inquid (all of which occur in the Cod. palimps. of Cic. Rep.), adque, quodannis, sicud, etc., fecid, reliquid, etc. (all in inscriptions after the Augustan period), is to be ascribed to a later phonetic softening (cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 191 sq.).

As an initial, the letter d, in pure Latin words, suffers only a vowel after it; the single consonantal compound dr being found only in borrowed words, such as drama, Drusus, Druidae, etc., and in the two onomatopees drenso and drindio. Accordingly, the d of the initial dv, from du, was rejected, and the remaining v either retained unaltered (as in v iginti for du iginti; cf. triginta) or changed into b (as in b ellum, b is, b onus, for du ellum, du is, du onus; v. those words and the letter B). So too in and after the 4th century A.D., di before vowels was pronounced like j (cf. J ovis for Dj ovis, and J anus for Di anus); and hence, as the Greek di ( di) passed into dz, i. e. z (as in z a for d ia, and z eta for di aeta), we sometimes find the same name written in two or three ways, as Diabolenus, Jabolenus, Zabolenus; Jadera, Diadora, Zara. In many Greek words, however, which originally began with a y sound, d was prefixed by an instinctive effort to avoid a disagreeable utterance, just as in English the initial j has regularly assumed the sound of dj: thus Gr. zugon, i. e. diugon = L. jugum; and in such cases the d sound has been prefixed in Greek, not lost in Latin and other languages (v. Curt. Griech. Etym. p. 608 sq.).b. As a medial, d before most consonants undergoes assimilation; v. ad, no. II.; assum, init., and cf. iccirco, quippiam, quicquam, for idcirco, quidpiam, quidquam; and in contractions like cette from cedite, pelluviae from pediluviae, sella from sedela. In contractions, however, the d is sometimes dropped and a compensation effected by lengthening the preceding vowel, as scāla for scand-la. D before endings which begin with s was suppressed, as pes from ped-s, lapis from lapid-s, frons from frond-s, rasi from radsi, risi from rid-si, lusi from lud-si, clausi from claud-si; but in the second and third roots of cedo, and in the third roots of some other verbs, d is assimilated, as cessi, cessum, fossum, etc. D is also omitted before s in composition when another consonant follows the s, as ascendo, aspicio, asto, astringo, and so also before the nasal gn in agnatus, agnitus, and agnosco, from gnatus, etc.: but in other combinations it is assimilated, as assentio, acclamo, accresco; affligo, affrico; agglomero, aggrego; applico, approbo, etc. In tentum, from tendo, d is dropped to avoid the combination ndt or ntt, since euphony forbids a consonant to be doubled after another.g. Final d stood only in ad, apud, sed, and in the neuter pronouns quid, quod, illud, istud, and aliud, anciently alid. Otherwise, the ending d was considered barbarous, Prisc. p. 686 P.

The letter d represents regularly an original Indo-Germanic d, in Greek d, but which in German becomes z, in Gothic t, and in Anglo-Saxon t: cf. Gr. hêdomai, Sanscr. svad, Germ. süss, Angl.-Sax. svēte (sweet), with Lat. suadeo; domare with Gr. damaô, Germ. zähmen, Eng. tame; domus with demô, timber, O. H. Germ. zimber; duo with duô, zwei, two. But it is also interchanged with other sounds, and thus sometimes represents—

An original t: mendax from mentior; quadraginta, quadra, etc., from quatuor.—

An original r: ar and ad; apur or apor and apud; meridies and medidies, audio and auris; cf. arbiter, from ad-beto; arcesso for ad-cesso.—

An original l: adeps, Gr. aleipha; dacrima and lacrima, dingua and lingua; cf. on the contrary, olere for odere, consilium and considere, Ulixes from Odusseus (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 223).—

An original s: Claudius, from the Sabine Clausus, medius and misos; and, on the contrary, rosa and rhodon. —

A Greek th: fides, pistis; gaudere, gêtheô; vad-i-monium (from va-d-s, vadis), aethlon.

In the oldest period of the language d was the ending of the ablat. sing. and of the adverbs which were originally ablatives (cf. Ritschl, Neue Plaut. Excur. I.; Brix ad Plaut. Trin. Prol. 10): pu CNANDO, MARID, DICTATORED, IN ALTOD MARID, NAVALED PRAEDAD on the Col. Rostr.; DE SENATVOS SENTENTIAD (thrice) IN OQVOLTOD, IN POPLICOD, IN PREIVATOD, IN COVENTIONID, and the adverbs SVPRAD SCRIPTVM EST (thrice), EXSTRAD QVAM SEI, and even EXSTRAD VRBEM, in S. C. de Bacch. So intra-d, ultra-d, citra-d, contra-d, infra-d, supra-d; contro-d, intro-d, etc.; and probably interea-d, postea-d. Here too belongs, no doubt, the adverb FACILVMED, found in the last-mentioned inscription. But this use of the d became antiquated during the 3d century B.C., and is not found at all in any inscription after 186 B. C. Plautus seems to have used or omitted it at will (Ritschl, Neue Plaut. Excurs. p. 18: Corss. Ausspr. 1, 197; 2, 1008).

D final was also anciently found—

In the accus. sing. of the personal pronouns med, ted, sed: INTER SED CONIOVRASE and INTER SED DEDISE, for inter se conjuravisse and inter se dedisse, in the S. C. de Bacch. This usage was retained, at least as a license of verse, when the next word began with a vowel, even in the time of Plautus. But in the classic period this d no longer appears. —

In the imperative mood;

as estod,

Fest. p. 230. The Oscan language retained this ending (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 206).—

In the preposition se-, originally identical with the conjunction sed (it is retained in the compound seditio); also in red-, prod-, antid-, postid-, etc. ( redire, prodire, etc.); and in these words, too, it is a remnant of the ancient characteristic of the ablative (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 200 sq.; Roby, Lat. Gr. 1, 49).

As an abbreviation, D usually stands for the praenomen Decimus; also for Deus, Divus, Dominus, Decurio, etc.; over epitaphs, D. M. = Diis Manibus; over temple inscriptions, D. O. M. = Deo Optimo Maxumo; in the titles of the later emperors, D. N. = Dominus Noster, and DD. NN. = Domini Nostri. Before dates of letters, D signified dabam, and also dies; hence, a. d. = ante diem; in offerings to the gods, D. D. = dono or donum dedit; D. D. D. = dat, dicat, dedicat, etc. Cf. Orell. Inscr. II. p. 457 sq.

huc (old form hoc, like illoc, istoc, Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 19; id. Truc. 2, 2, 27 et saep.; Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 48; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 5; Cic. Brut. 11, 10, 3; Nep. Phoc. 3, 3; Verg. A. 8, 423; Petr. 39; Inscr. Orell. 4394; 4471; 4814; cf. Serv. ad Verg. A. l. l.), adv., to this place, hither, = deuro.

Lit.: imus huc, illuc hinc: cum illuc ventum est, ire illinc lubet, etc., Enn. ap. Gell. 19, 10, 12 (Trag. v. 258 Vahl.):

huc illinc venire,

Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 39:

jam huc adveniet miles,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 44:

pater huc me misit ad vos oratum meus,

id. Am. prol. 20:

quin huc ad vos venire propero?

Cic. Rep. 6, 15:

hinc profecti huc revertuntur,

id. ib. 6, 13 fin.:

huc raro in urbem commeat,

Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 100:

te huc foras seduxi,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 14:

huc est intro latus lectus,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 30:

huc huc convenite,

Petr. 23:

huc mecum, Epidauria proles, huc, alti gaudens,

Stat. S. 1, 4, 62:

locus erat castrorum editus, huc magno cursu contenderunt,

Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 1; cf. id. ib. 4, 21, 4:

ubi arma esse sciam, huc veniam,

Liv. 35, 19, 4:

sic inde huc omnes currunt,

Juv. 3, 308.—Pregn., with verbs expressing state or action after motion ( poet.):

huc ades, o formose puer,

Verg. E. 2, 45; 7, 9; 9, 39:

huc ager ille malus dulcesque a fontibus undae ad plenum calcentur,

id. G. 2, 243; Stat. Th. 4, 54; id. S. 1, 3, 72:

sed huc qua gratia te arcessi jussi, ausculta,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 19; cf.:

huc propius me vos ordine adite,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 80; Tib. 1, 7, 49.—

With gen.:

mulier ex Andro commigravit huc viciniae,

into this neighborhood, Ter. And. 1, 1, 43 Fleck., Umpfenbach (dub.; cf. Non. p. 499; Prisc. II. p. 187; Hand, Turs. III. p. 107; cf. II. B. infra).—

Huc illuc, huc atque illuc, huc et illuc, etc.; also: huc et illo and huc et huc, hither and thither:

ne cursem huc illuc via deterrima,

Cic. Att. 9, 9, 2:

velut salientes huc illuc,

Quint. 10, 7, 6:

dum huc illuc signa vertunt,

Liv. 7, 34, 9:

cum huc atque illuc signa transferrent,

id. 5, 8, 8:

huc atque illuc intuentem vagari,

Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 184:

tum huc, tum illuc volant alites,

id. Div. 1, 53, 120; cf.:

volucres huc et illuc passim vagantes,

id. ib. 2, 38, 80; Cels. 2, 15:

huc illucque,

Plin. 37, 6, 22, § 83 (Jan., ex illo):

huc illucve,

Cels. 6, 6, 36; 7, 3 al.:

ista sidera huc et illo diducet velocitas sua,

Sen. Ben. 5, 6 med.:

ut ora vertat huc et huc euntium Liberrima indignatio,

Hor. Epod. 4, 9.—

Huc usque, or in one word, hucusque, hitherto, thus far (very rare):

hucusque Sesostris exercitum duxit,

Plin. 6, 29, 34, § 174.—

Transf., in non-local relations, hither, to this, to these, to this point, so far:

ut haec multo ante meditere, huc te pares, haec cogites, ad haec te exerceas,

Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 9:

accedat huc suavitas quaedam oportet sermonis,

Cic. Lael. 18, 66; so freq., huc accedit, etc.;

v. accedo: Massilienses naves longas expediunt numero XVII. Multa huc minora navigia addunt,

add to these, Caes. B. C. 1, 56, 1; so freq., adde huc;

v. addo: legiones effecerat civium Romanorum IX., etc... Huc Dardanos, etc., adjecerat,

id. ib. 3, 4 fin.:

huc natas adice septem,

Ov. M. 6, 182:

huc pertinet nobile apud Graecos volumen Heraclidis,

Plin. 7, 52, 53, § 175 et saep.—Hence, like eo, followed by ut with subj.:

huc unius mulieris libidinem esse prolapsum, ut, etc.,

Cic. Cael. 20, 47; cf.:

rem huc deduxi, ut, etc.,

id. Cat. 2, 2, 4:

huc flexit, ut, etc.,

Tac. A. 4, 41:

rem Romanam huc satietate gloriae provectam, ut, etc.,

id. ib. 12, 11:

huc cecidisse Germanici exercitus gloriam, ut, etc.,

id. H. 3, 13.—

So, like eo, with gen.:

huc arrogantiae venerat, ut, etc.,

Tac. A. 3, 73:

huc deductum necessitatis, ut, etc.,

Val. Max. 8, 1 ext. 6; cf. above, I. B.—

Huc et illuc:

versare suam naturam et regere ad tempus atque huc et illuc torquere ac flectere,

Cic. Cael. 6, 13:

huc et illuc rapit,

id. Off. 1, 28, 101:

verses te huc atque illuc necesse est,

id. Fin. 5, 28, 86; cf.:

dum in dubio est animus, paulo momento huc vel illuc impellitur,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 31.—

Huc usque or hucusque, to such an extent, to such a point or pitch (cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 530 sq.):

mirum esset profecto, hucusque profectam credulitatem antiquorum,

Plin. 26, 4, 9, § 20:

exercitum duxit,

id. 6, 29, 34, § 174:

simulatio hucusque procedit ut, etc.,

Quint. 5, 13, 22.—

With the demonstr. ce, and the interrog [p. 869] part. ne, hucine? hitherto? to this? so far? hucine tandem omnia reciderunt, ut civis Romanus virgis caederetur? Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 63, § 163:

hucine. Micipsa pater, beneficia tua evasere,

Sall. J. 14, 9.—And with gen.:

hucine rerum Venimus?

Pers. 3, 15. —

To this end, for this purpose (postclass.):

rubrum quoque emplastrum, quod Ephesium vocatur, huc aptum est,

Cels. 5, 19, 21.

ille (old orthog., olle), a, ud ( ollus, a, um, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 42 Müll.; Verg. A. 5, 197; in dramat. poets often ĭlle, v. Corss. Ausspr. II. p. 624), gen. illīus (usu. illĭus in epic and lyric poets; Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 183; illīus in the time of Quint; cf. Ritschl, Opusc. 2, 683 sqq.; 696; gen. sing. m. illi, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 694; dat. sing. f. olli, Verg. A. 1, 254; Cato, R. R. 153 and 154; abl. plur. ‡ ab oloes = ab illis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 19 Müll.); pron. demonstr. [Etym. dub., v. Corss. Beitr. p. 301], points (opp. hic) to something more remote, or which is regarded as more remote, and, in contrast with hic and iste, to something near or connected with a third person, that; he, she, it ( absol.).

In gen.

With substantives: ille vir haud magna cum re sed plenus fidei, Enn. ap. Cic. de Sen. 1, 1 (Ann. v. 342 Vahl.): si quid vos per laborem recte feceritis, labor ille a vobis cito recedet... nequiter factum illud apud vos semper manebit, Cato ap. Gell. 16, 1 fin.:

sol me ille admonuit,

that sun, Cic. de Or. 3, 55, 209:

in illa tranquillitate atque otio jucundissime vivere,

id. Rep. 1, 1:

cum omnis arrogantia odiosa est, tum illa ingenii atque eloquentiae multo molestissima,

id. Div. in Caecil. 11, 36:

in illa vita,

id. ib. 1, 3:

illum Aurora nitentem Luciferum portet,

Tib. 1, 3, 93.—

Absol.: illos bono genere gnatos, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17:

ergo ille, cives qui id cogit, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 2:

tum ille, Non sum, inquit, nescius, etc.,

id. de Or. 1, 11, 45; cf. id. Rep. 1, 9; 1, 10:

illum ab Alexandrea discessisse nemo nuntiat,

id. Att. 11, 17, 3; cf.:

de illius Alexandrea discessu nihil adhuc rumoris,

id. ib. 11, 18, 1:

ne illi sanguinem nostrum largiantur,

Sall. C. 52, 12.—In neutr. with gen.:

Galba erat negligentior, quam conveniret principi electo atque illud aetatis,

Suet. Galb. 14:

illud horae,

id. Ner. 26.—

With other pronouns:

itaque cum primum audivi, ego ille ipse factus sum: scis quem dicam,

Cic. Fam. 2, 9, 1; cf.:

qui cum illis una ipsum illum Carneadem diligenter audierat,

id. de Or. 1, 11, 45:

ille quoque ipse confessus est,

Cels. 1, 3:

huic illi legato,

Cic. Fl. 22, 52:

hunc illum fatis Portendi generum,

Verg. A. 7, 255; cf.:

hic est enim ille vultus semper idem quem, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 15, 31:

hic est ille status quantitatis,

Quint. 7, 4, 15:

est idem ille tyrannus deterrimum genus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 42:

eandem illam (sphaeram),

id. ib. 1, 14:

cum et idem qui consuerunt et idem illud alii desiderent,

id. Off. 2, 15 fin.:

illum reliquit alterum apud matrem domi,

Plaut. Men. prol. 26.—

Opp. to hic, to indicate that object which is the more remote, either as regards the position of the word denoting it, or as it is conceived of by the writer; v. hic, I. D.—

Pleon., referring back to a subject or object already mentioned in the same sentence:

sic oculos, sic ille manus, sic ora ferebat,

Verg. A. 3, 490; cf. Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 91:

non ille timidus perire, etc.,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 51; id. S. 2, 3, 204:

Parmenides, Xenophanes, minus bonis quamquam versibus, sed tamen illi versibus increpant, etc.,

Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74.

In partic.

Pregn., that, to indicate some well-known or celebrated object, equivalent to the ancient, the wellknown, the famous: si Antipater ille Sidonius, quem tu probe, Catule, meministi, Cic. de Or. 3, 50, 194:

Xenophon, Socraticus ille,

id. ib. 2, 14, 58:

auditor Panaetii illius,

id. ib. 1, 11, 45:

a qua (gratia) te flecti non magis potuisse demonstras, quam Herculem Xenophontium illum a voluptate,

id. Fam. 5, 12, 3:

ut ex eodem Ponto Medea illa quondam profugisse dicitur,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 9, 22:

magno illi Alexandro simillimus,

Vell. 2, 41:

honestum illud Solonis est,

Cic. de Sen. 14, 50:

illa verba,

Quint. 10, 7, 2:

velocitas,

id. ib. 8.—

Particular phrases.

Hic... ille, this... that, the one... the other, of single objects in opp. to the whole: non dicam illinc hoc signum ablatum esse et illud;

hoc dico, nullum te Aspendi signum, Verres, reliquisse,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 20, § 53.—

Ille aut or et ille, that or that, such and such:

quaesisse, num ille aut ille defensurus esset,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 21, 59:

commendo vobis illum et illum,

Suet. Caes. 41.—

Ille quidem... sed (autem, etc.), certainly, to be sure, indeed, etc.,... but still:

philosophi quidam, minime mali illi quidem, sed, etc.,

Cic. Off. 3, 9, 39:

ludo autem et joco uti illo quidem licet, sed, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 29, 103:

Q. Mucius enucleate ille quidem et polite, ut solebat, nequaquam autem, etc.,

id. Brut. 30, 115:

alter bellum comparat, non injustum ille quidem, suis tamen civibus exitiabile,

id. Att. 10, 4, 3:

sequi illud quidem, verum, etc.,

id. Fat. 18, 41.—

Ex illo, from that time, since then ( poet. and very rare):

ex illo fluere et retro sublapsa referri Spes Danaūm,

Verg. A. 2, 169 (for which in full:

tempore jam ex illo casus mihi cognitus urbis Trojanae,

id. ib. 1, 623):

solis ex illo vivit in antris,

Ov. M. 3, 394:

scilicet ex illo Junonia permanet ira,

id. H. 14, 85.— Hence, advv.

illā (sc. viā=ab hac parte), in that way, in that direction, there (very rare):

nunc ego me illa per posticum ad congerrones conferam,

Plaut. Most. 3, 3, 27; id. Mil. 2, 3, 17:

hac vel illa cadit,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 18:

ac ne pervium illa Germanicis exercitibus foret, obsaepserat,

Tac. H. 3, 8; 5, 18; id. A. 2, 17:

ipsum quin etiam Oceanum illa tentavimus,

id. G. 34:

forte revertebar festis vestalibus illa, qua, etc.,

Ov. F. 6, 395 Merk. (vulg. illac).—

illō (sc. loco), to that place, thither (class.).

Lit., with verbs of motion, = illuc:

principio ut illo advenimus, ubi primum terram tetigimus,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 48:

neque enim temere praeter mercatores illo adit quisquam,

Caes. B. G. 4, 20, 3:

nam illo non saxum, non materies advecta est,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 56, § 147; Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 28; Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 328: To. Vin' huc vocem? Do. Ego illo accessero, Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 26:

positiones huc aut illo versae,

Sen. Q. N. 2, 11, 1.—

Transf.

To that end, thereto:

haec omnia Caesar eodem illo pertinere arbitrabatur, ut, etc.,

to that very purpose, Caes. B. G. 4, 11, 4:

spectat,

Dig. 47, 10, 7.—

Post-class. for ibi, there, Dig. 48, 5, 23.—

illim, adv., an early form (cf.: istim, exim) for illinc (i. e. illim-ce), from that place, thence (ante-class. and a few times in Cic.): sarculum hinc illo profectus illim redisti rutrum, Pompon. ap. Non. 18, 21 (Fragm. Com. v. 90 Rib.); Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 98; Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 17; Lucr. 3, 879:

illim equidem Gnaeum profectum puto,

Cic. Att. 9, 14, 2 (al. illinc):

quid illim afferatur,

id. ib. 7, 13, b, 7 (al. illinc); id. ib. 11, 17, 3:

omnem se amorem abjecisse illim atque in hanc transfudisse,

i. e. from her, id. Phil. 2, 31, 77; id. Harusp. Resp. 20, 42.

iste, a, ud, gen. istīus (the poets often make the penult of the gen. short:

istĭus,

Verg. A. 12, 648:

istius, dissyl.,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 59; Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 76 al.— An old form of the gen. isti, with modi, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 694 P.; Plaut. Truc. 5, 38.— With affixed ce:

istisce,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 40; and in interrogations, cine:

istoscine patrem aequum'st mores liberis largirier?

id. As. 5, 2, 82.— Dat. isto, App. M. 5, 31, p. 172 fin. al.; dat. f. istae, Plaut. Truc. 5, 38.—Shortened form, ste, sta, stoc, etc.; v. Non. p. 476; Lachm. ad Lucr. 3, 954), pron. demonstr. [compounded of two pronom. stems, i- (cf. is) and to-; Sanscr. -ta; cf. tam, tum], this, that (man, woman, thing), called the demonstr. of the second person, since it is especially used in reference to persons and things connected in place, relation, or thought, with the person addressed.

In gen.

That (person or thing) near to you (in place or thought), that of yours, that of which you speak or with which you are connected:

si ista nobis cogitatio de triumpho injecta non esset,

Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 2:

istae minae,

those threats of yours, Liv. 4, 5:

de istis rebus exspecto tuas litteras,

those affairs of yours, Cic. Att. 2, 5, 2:

quid quod adventu tuo ista subsellia vacuefacta sunt,

those seats where you are sitting, id. Cat. 1, 7, 16; id. de Sen. 17, 59:

quae est ista praetura?

that prætorship of yours, id. Verr. 2, 2, 18, § 46:

quaevis mallem fuisset (causa), quam ista quam dicis,

id. de Or. 2, 4, 15.—

So with pronom. of the second person:

cum enim tuus iste Stoicus sapiens dixerit,

Cic. Ac. 2, 38, 119:

quid iste tuus vates donat?

Ov. Am. 1, 8, 57:

iste vester (sapiens),

Cic. Ac. 2, 33, 105:

quae tua est ista vita,

id. Cat. 1, 7, 16. —

With a general reference, that, this, the very, that particular (person or thing), he, she, it.

Alone, as pron.:

illae quae cum isto cubant,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 65:

credis quod iste dicit,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 44:

haec quae ista elementa videantur,

Cic. de Or. 1, 35, 163. —

With substt.:

erat enim ab isto Aristotele, a cujus inventis, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 2, 38, 160:

ista divina studia,

id. de Sen. 7, 24:

ut jam ne istius quidem rei culpam sustineam,

id. Att. 7, 3, 1:

nec enim ab isto officio abduci debui,

id. Lael. 2, 8.—

With other pronouns:

istius ipsius in dicendo facultatis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 29, 128: transeat idem iste sapiens ad rem publicam tuendam. id. Tusc. 5, 25, 72:

in eodem isto Aegyptio regno vitā privatus,

id. Rab. Post. 9, 23. —

With the rel.:

necesse est eam, quae suum corpus prodixerit turpissimae cupiditati, timere permultos. Quos istos? etc.,

Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23. —

In partic.

Like is in the sense of tantus and talis, such, of such a kind:

quare cum ista sis auctoritate, etc.,

Cic. Mur. 6, 13:

servi mei, si me isto pacto metuerent, ut te metuunt omnes, etc.,

id. Cat. 1, 7, 17:

homines ista auctoritate praediti, qua vos estis,

id. Rosc. Am. 53, 154:

animo isto esse,

Nep. Eum. 11, 4:

egon, quidquam cum istis factis tibi respondeam,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 73.—

It freq. implies scorn or contempt:

non erit ista amicitia, sed mercatura,

Cic. N. D. 1, 44, 122; id. Cat. 2, 7:

iste otii et pacis hostis,

id. Dom. 5, 12:

animi est ista mollities, non virtus, inopiam paulisper ferre non posse,

Caes. B. G. 7, 77:

hic vestis cum isto squalore permutandus,

Curt. 4, 1, 22; 3, 2, 16:

tuus iste frater,

Petr. 9:

o isti, an urgent form of address,

Arn. 1, 23, 36 et saep.—

In the abl.: isto, for this reason, therefore:

isto tu's pauper, quom nimis sancte piu's,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 8.

lemniscus, i, m., = lêmniskos.

A pendent (purple?) ribbon, fastened to a victor's crown, at first of linden-bast or wool, afterwards of gold. A crown adorned with such a ribbon was the highest reward of a victor:

tenuissimae earum (tiliarum), philyrae, coronarum lemniscis celebres, antiquorum honore,

Plin. 16, 14, 25, § 65: lemnisci id est fascicolae coloriae, dependentes ex coronis, propterea dicuntur, quod [p. 1049] antiquissimum fuit genus coronarum lanearum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 115 Müll.; Plin. 21, 3, 4, § 6.—Such crowns were given as especial honors to guests at a feast:

unguenta atque odores, lemniscos, corollas dari dapsilas,

Plaut. Ps. 5, 1, 21:

coronae datae lemniscis aureis interpositis,

Capitol. Verr. 5:

turba coronas lemniscosque jacientium,

Liv. 33, 33, 2:

ingestaeque aves, ac lemnisci, et bellaria,

Suet. Ner. 25.—Crowns ornamented in this manner were given, also, to the victors in public games and to poets:

et quae jamdudum tibi palma poëtica pollet, Lemnisco ornata est, quo mea palma caret,

Aus. Epist. 20, 5; cf. Cic. Rosc. Am. 35, 100.—

A tent or roll of lint dipped in a medicament, Veg. Vet. 2, 14, 3; 2, 48, 7 (in Cels. 7, 28, written as Greek).

maxilla, ae, f. [dim. of a ground-form magsula (whence māla; root mag of massô, to knead; mageus. baker, etc.; cf. axilla, ala, from ago)], the jawbone, jaw (postAug.).

Lit.:

quam litteram (X) etiam e maxillis et taxillis et vexillo... consuetudo elegans Latini sermonis evellit,

Cic. Or. 45, 153:

maxillae superiores,

Plin. 11, 37, 60, § 159; Suet. Calig. 58; Veg. Vet. 2, 40, 2:

maxillam superiorem commovere solam,

Amm. 22, 15, 15:

cum in maxillis balanatum gausape pectas,

you comb the anointed beard on your jaws, Pers. 4, 37.—

Transf.: miserum populum, qui sub tam lentis maxillis erit, under such slowgrinding teeth, i. e. subject to such protracted cruelty, Aug. ap. Suet. Tib. 21.

pŏtestas, ātis ( gen. plur. potestatium, Sen. Ep. 115, 7; Plin. 29, 4, 20, § 67), f. [possum].

Lit., in gen., ability, power of doing any thing (class.):

SI FVRIOSVS EST AGNATORVM GENTILIVMQVE IN EO PECVNIAQVE EIVS POTESTAS ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tabularum: vim tantam in se et potestatem habere tantae astutiae,

to have such a power of craftiness, to be able to devise such tricks, Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 32:

aut potestas defuit aut facultas aut voluntas,

Cic. Inv. 2, 7, 24:

habere potestatem vitae necisque in aliquem,

id. Dom. 29, 77; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 3, § 11:

potestatem alicui deferre beneficiorum tribuendorum,

id. Balb. 16, 37. — Poet., with inf.:

potestas occurrere telis... ensem avellere dextrā,

Stat. Th. 3, 296; Luc. 2, 40.—

In phrases.

Esse in potestate alicujus, to be in one's power, under one's control, to be subject to (for a description of the relation of potestas under the Roman law, and of the classes of persons to whom it applied, v. Gai. Inst. 1, 49 sqq.):

mittuntur legati, qui nuntient, ut sit in senatūs populique Romani potestate,

Cic. Phil. 6, 2, 4:

esse in dicione ac potestate alicujus,

id. Quint. 2, 6: habere familiam in potestate, to keep them slaves, not to free them, Liv. 8, 15.—

Esse in suā potestate, to be one's own master, Nep. Att. 6, 1; so,

esse suae potestatis,

Liv. 31, 45.—

Jus potestatemque habere imperandi, Cic. Phil. 11, 12, 30; cf.:

cum consulis eā de re jus ac potestatem esse dixisset,

had jurisdiction and authority over it, Liv. 24, 39.—

Est mea (tua, etc.) potestas, I have the power, I can, Cic. Att. 2, 5, 1; Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 42; cf.:

sed volui meam potestatem esse vel petendi, etc.,

Cic. Att. 4, 2, 6.—

In partic.

Political power, dominion, rule, empire, sovereignty (syn.:

imperium, dicio): Thessaliam in potestatem Thebanorum redigere,

Nep. Pelop. 5, 1; Liv. 24, 31; so,

sub potestatem Atheniensium redigere,

Nep. Milt. 1, 4:

esse in potestate alicujus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 54, § 136:

tenere aliquem in suā potestate ac dicione,

id. ib. 2, 1, 38, §

97: venire in arbitrium ac potestatem alicujus,

id. ib. 2, 1, 57, § 150.—

Magisterial power, authority, office, magistracy (syn.:

magistratus, auctoritas): potestas praetoria,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 24, 69:

qui togatus in re publicā cum potestate imperioque versatus sit,

id. Phil. 1, 7, 18:

modo ut bonā ratione emerit, nihil pro potestate, nihil ab invito,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 5, § 10:

cum potestate aut legatione in provinciam proficisci,

id. ib. 2, 4, 5, § 9; id. Clu. 27, 74:

censores dederunt operam, ut ita potestatem gererent, ut, etc.,

so to administer the office, id. Verr. 2, 2, 55, § 138; id. Agr. 2, 6, 14.—In plur.:

imperia, potestates, legationes,

id. Leg. 3, 3, 9:

in potestatibus gerendis,

Auct. Her. 3, 7, 14.—

Transf.

A person in office, a public officer, magistrate:

a magistratu aut ab aliquā potestate legitimā evocatus,

by some lawful authority, Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 74:

mavis Fidenarum esse potestas,

Juv. 10, 100.—

A ruler, supreme monarch:

hominum rerumque aeterna potestas,

i. e. Jupiter, Verg. A. 10, 18:

nihil est quod credere de se Non possit, cum laudatur dis aequa potestas,

Juv. 4, 71 (v. context): potestates, = archai, the highest magistrates, Plin. 9, 8, 8, § 26; Suet. Ner. 36; Amm. 31, 12, 5:

celsae potestates,

officers of state, id. 14, 1, 10:

jurisdictionem potestatibus per provincias demandare,

Suet. Claud. 23.—

Esp., legal power, right over or to a thing (class.):

potestatis verbo plura significantur: in personā magistratuum imperium, in personā liberorum patria potestas, in personā servi dominium: at cum agimus de noxae deditione cum eo, qui servum non defendit, praesentis corporis copiam facultatemque significamus. Ex lege Atiniā in potestatem domini rem furtivam venisse videri, et si ejus vindicandae potestatem habuerit, Sabinus et Cassius aiunt,

Dig. 50, 16, 215.—

Of inanimate things, power, force, efficacy, effect, operation, virtue, value:

potestates colorum,

Vitr. 7, 14:

potestates visque herbarum,

Verg. A. 12, 396; Plin. 25, 2, 5, § 9:

pecuniarum,

value, Dig. 13, 4, 3:

haec potestatibus praesentibus dijudicanda sunt,

circumstances, state of things, Gell. 1, 3, 24:

actionum vis et potestas,

Dig. 9, 4, 1:

quaternarius numerus suis partibus complet decadis ipsius potestatem (because the first four integers, taken together, = 10),

compass, fulness, Mart. Cap. 2, § 106:

plumbi potestas,

nature, quality, properties, Lucr. 5, 1242:

naturalis,

Vitr. 9, 4.—

Of a word, meaning, signification (syn.:

vis, significatio),

Gell. 10, 29, 1; Auct. Her. 4, 54, 67; Sen. Ben. 2, 34, 4.—

Math. t. t., = dunamis, the square root, Mart. Cap. 2, § 106.—

Trop.

Power, control, command (class.): dum ex tanto gaudio in potestatem nostram redeamus, recover our self-control, come to ourselves, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3, 14:

exisse ex potestate dicimus eos, qui effrenati feruntur aut libidine, aut iracundiā,

to have lost the control of their reason, to be out of their minds, Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 11; cf.:

qui exisse ex potestate dicuntur, idcirco dicuntur, quia non sunt in potestate mentis, cui regnum totius animi a natura tributum est,

id. ib. 3, 5, 11; cf. also id. ib. 4, 36, 77:

postquam ad te cum omnium rerum tum etiam tui potestatem di transtulerint,

Plin. Pan. 56, 3.—

Power, ability, possibility, opportunity (class.; cf.:

copia, facultas): ubi mihi potestas primum evenit,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 18:

liberius vivendi,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 25:

ut primum potestas data est augendae dignitatis tuae,

Cic. Fam. 10, 13, 1: quoties mihi certorum hominum potestas erit (al. facultas), whenever I find men on whom I can rely, id. ib. 1, 7, 1: facere potestatem, to give opportunity, leave, permission:

si quid de his rebus dicere vellet, feci potestatem,

id. Cat. 3, 5, 11:

quae potestas si mihi saepius fiet, utar,

shall present itself, id. Phil. 1, 15, 38:

alicui potestatem optionemque facere, ut, etc.,

id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 45:

facio tibi interpellandi potestatem,

id. Rosc. Am. 27, 73:

ego instare, omnium mihi tabularum et litterarum fieri potestatem oportere,

must be allowed the use of, id. Verr. 2, 4, 66, § 149: potestatem sui facere, to allow others to see or have access to one, to give an opportunity of conversing with one:

cum neque praetores diebus aliquot adiri possent vel potestatem sui facerent,

allowed themselves to be spoken to, id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 15:

facere omnibus conveniendi sui potestatem,

to admit to an audience, id. Phil. 8, 10, 31:

qui potestatem sui non habuissent,

who had not been able to speak with him, Suet. Tib. 34:

potestatem sui facere,

to give an opportunity of fighting with one, Caes. B. G. 1, 40; Nep. Ages. 3, 3.— Poet., with inf.:

non fugis hinc praeceps, dum praecipitare potestas,

Verg. A. 4, 565:

nunc flere potestas est,

Luc. 2, 40:

soli cui tanta potestas meis occurrere telis,

Stat. Th. 3, 296.—

In eccl. Lat.:

potestates,

angels, angelic powers, authorities in the spiritual world, Vulg. Ephes. 6, 12; id. 1 Pet. 3, 22; sing., id. 1 Cor. 15, 24.—

Personified, a daughter of Pallas and Styx, Hyg. Fab. prooem.

prospĕrĭtas, ātis, f. [prosper], desirable condition, good fortune, success, prosperity (rare but good prose):

vitae,

Cic. N. D. 3, 36, 86: honestarum rerum, id. Fragm. ap. Amm. 21, 16, 13:

tantā prosperitate usus est valetudinis, ut, etc.,

such a desirable state of health, such full health, Nep. Att. 21, 1.—In plur.:

improborum prosperitates secundaeque res,

Cic. N. D. 3, 36, 88:

ventorum,

App. M. 11, p. 270, 21:

summarum rerum,

Amm. 17, 4, 6:

currentes ex voto,

id. 22, 8, 6; Vulg. 2 Macc. 14, 14.—

Joy, approbation:

quod est prosperitatis indicium plenum,

Amm. 15, 8, 15.

quālis, e, pron. adj. [quis; kindr. with Gr. pê-likos; Goth. huc-leik; Germ. welcher], how constituted, of what sort, kind, or nature, what kind of a (class.).

Interrog.: qualine amico mea commendavi bona? Call. Probo, et fideli, et fido, Plaut. Trin. 4, 4, 3:

qualis oratoris et quanti hominis in dicendo putas esse historiam scribere?

Cic. de Or. 2, 12, 51:

quali fide, quali pietate existimatis eos esse, qui, etc.,

Cic. Font. 10, 21:

qualis est istorum oratio?

what kind of a speech is that? id. Ac. 2, 14, 44 —

In exclamations: hei mihi, qualis erat!

Verg. A. 2, 274; Enn. ap. Serv. ad loc. (Ann. v. 7 Vahl.): O Romule, Romule, dic, qualem te patriae custodem di genuerunt! Enn. ap. Cic. Rep. 1, 41, 64 (Ann. v. 116 Vahl.).—

In indirect questions: nam cogitato, qualem haberes gratiam (si, etc.),

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 54:

ego te qualis sis scio,

id. Aul. 2, 2, 40; Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 20:

ipsius rei natura qualis et quanta sit quaerimus,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 23, 56:

qualis esset natura montis, cognoscere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 21:

doce me quales sint corpore,

what sort of a body they have, Cic. N. D. 1, 23, 65.—

Rel., with or without the correlative talis, so constituted, of such a sort, kind, or nature, such as, as:

ut qualem te jam antea populo Romano, praebuisti, talem te et nobis impertias,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 4, 11:

ut res non tales, quales ante habitae sint, habendae videantur,

id. Inv. 2, 58, 176; id. Off. 2, 13, 44:

in hoc bello, quale bellum nulla barbaria gessit,

the like of which, id. Cat. 3, 10, 25; id. Phil. 2, 7, 17:

equitum acies, qualis quae esse instructissima potest, etc.,

Liv. 8, 39:

tale tuum carmen nobis, quale, etc.,

Verg. E. 5, 47:

bis sex... qualia nunc hominum producit corpora tellus,

id. A. 12, 899.—

Esp., in quotations and citations, as, as for instance, as for example:

aperta et clara (somnia), quale est de illo, etc.,

Cic. Div. 2, 66, 135:

cum proposito dissimili vel contrario ratio subjungitur: quale est Demosthenis: non enim, etc.,

Quint. 5, 14, 4; so id. 1, 5, 65 Zumpt N. cr.; 3, 6, 41; 3, 11, 6 et saep. al.—

Poet. for the adv. qualiter, as, just as:

qualis populea moerens philomela sub umbra Amissos queritur fetus,

Verg. G. 4, 511; id. A. 3, 679; 4, 143:

quale caelum Subrubet,

Ov. Am. 2, 5, 35; id. M. 3, 682.—

Repeated: qualis qualis (post-class. for qualiscumque), of what quality soever, whatsoever:

quali quali obligatione interpositā,

Dig. 20, 5, 12.—

Indef.: quale, having some quality or other:

et ita effici quae appellant qualia,

Cic. Ac. 1, 7, 28:

prius aliquid esse debet, deinde quale esse,

Sen. Ep. 117, 28.— Adv.: quā-lĭter.

In what way or manner, how:

refert, villa qualiter aedificetur,

Col. 1, 4, 6; Mart. 5, 7, 1.— Qualiter qualiter, in what manner soever, for qualitercumque (postclass.), Dig. 4, 4, 7.—

Just as, as:

lacri mae fluxere per ora, Qualiter abjectā de nive manat aquā,

Ov. Am. 1, 7, 57; Cels. praef. p. 6; Val. Fl. 5, 305; Plin. 8, 48, 73, § 193.—

Repeated:

qualiter qualiter,

in whatever manner, however, Dig. 4, 4, 7 pr.; 9, 2, 7, § 1; 26, 7, 5, § 10.

qui, quae, quod (old forms: nom. quei; gen. quojus; dat. quoi, and in inscrr. QVOEI, QVOIEI, and QVEI; abl. qui; plur. ques or queis; fem. QVAI; neutr. qua; dat. and abl. queis and quĭs.—Joined with cum: quocum, quācum, quicum, quibuscum;

rarely cum quo,

Liv. 7, 33:

cum quibus,

id. 4, 5. — Placed also before other prepositions: quas contra, quem propter, etc.; v. h. praepp.), pron.

Interrog., who? which? what? what kind or sort of a? (adjectively; while quis, quid is used substantively; qui, of persons, asks for the character, quis usu. for the name).

In direct questions: quae haec daps est? qui festus dies? what sort of a feast? what kind of a festival? Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 752 P. (a transl. of Hom. Od. 1, 225: tis daïs, tis de homilos hod epleto; cf. Herm. Doctr. Metr. p. 619): Th. Quis fuit igitur? Py. Iste Chaerea. Th. Qui Chaerea? what Chærea? Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 8:

qui color, nitor, vestitus?

id. ib. 2, 2, 11:

qui cantus dulcior inveniri potest? quod carmen aptius? qui actor in imitandā veritate jucundior?

Cic. de Or. 2, 8, 34:

virgo, quae patria est tua?

Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 88:

occiso Sex. Roscio, qui primus Ameriam nuntiat?

what sort of a person? Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 96.—

In indirect discourse:

scribis te velle scire, qui sit rei publicae status,

what is the state of the country, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 10:

quae cura boum, qui cultus habendo Sit pecori... Hinc canere incipiam,

Verg. G. 1, 3:

iste deus qui sit da, Tityre, nobis,

id. E. 1, 18; 2, 19; 3, 8; id. A. 3, 608:

nescimus qui sis,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 6, 20:

qui sit, qui socium fraudarit, consideremus,

id. Rosc. Com. 6, 17.—

Rel., who, which, what, that, referring to a substantive or pronoun as antecedent.

As a simple rel.

With antecedent expressed:

habebat ducem Gabinium, quīcum quidvis rectissime facere posset,

Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:

ille vir, cui patriae salus dulcior fuit,

id. Balb. 5, 11:

vir acer, cui, etc.,

id. Brut. 35, 135:

vir optimus, qui, etc.,

id. Fam. 14, 4, 2:

Priscus, vir cujus, etc.,

Liv. 4, 46, 10; 23, 7, 4:

quod ego fui ad Trasimenum, id tu hodie es,

id. 30, 30, 12:

collaria, quae vocantur maelium,

Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 15:

coloniam, quam Fregellas appellent,

Liv. 8, 23:

sucus, quem opobalsamum vocant,

Plin. 12, 25, 54, § 116:

sidere, quod Caniculam appellavimus,

id. 18, 28, 68, § 272. —

With pronom. antecedent understood: QVI IN IVS VOCABIT, IVMENTVM DATO, Lex XII. Tabularum: SI ADORAT FVRTO, QVOD NEC MANIFESTVM ESCIT, ib. tab. 2, 1. 8:

novistine hominem? ridicule rogitas, quīcum una cibum capere soleo,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 60:

beati, quīs contigit, etc.,

Verg. A. 1, 95:

fac, qui ego sum, esse te,

Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 1. —

The rel. freq. agrees with the foll. word:

est locus in carcere, quod Tullianum appellatur,

Sall. C. 55, 3:

ealoca, quae Numidia appellatur,

id. J. 18, 11:

exstat ejus peroratio, qui epilogus dicitur,

Cic. Brut. 33, 127:

justa gloria, qui est fructus virtutis,

id. Pis. 24, 57:

domicilia conjuncta, quas urbes dicimus,

id. Sest. 42, 91. —

Sometimes it agrees with the logical, not the grammatical antecedent:

ne tu me arbitrare beluam, qui non novisse possim, quīcum aetatem exegerim,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 112:

ubi est scelus qui me perdidit?

Ter. And. 3, 5, 1:

hoc libro circumcisis rebus, quae non arbitror pertinere ad agriculturam,

Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 11:

abundantia earum rerum, quae prima mortales ducunt,

Sall. J. 41, 1; Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2:

illa furia muliebrium relligionum, qui, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 9, 15: alteram alam mittit, qui satagentibus occurrerent, Auct. B. Afr. 78. —

Relating to a remote subject:

annis ferme DX post Romam conditam Livius fabulam dedit... anno ante natum Ennium: qui (sc. Livius) fuit major natu quam Plautus et Naevius,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 3; v. the commentators ad loc.; Liv. 21, 26, 2; 31, 38, 10; 37, 14, 2; cf. Krehl ad Prisc. 2, 9, § 48, p. 91.—

The antecedent is sometimes repeated after the rel.:

erant itinera duo, quibus itineribus, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6. —

In a question, with ne affixed: sed ubi Artotrogus hic est? Art. Stat propter virum fortem... Mil. Quemne ego servavi in campis Curculioniis? whom I saved? Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 9:

quemne ego vidi?

whom I saw? Ter. And. 4, 4, 29.—

With an accessory signif., causal or final, joined to the subj.

As, because, seeing that, since:

Actio maluimus iter facere pedibus, qui incommodissime navigassemus,

Cic. Att. 5, 9, 1:

hospes, qui nihil suspicaretur,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 25, § 64;

ingrata es, ore quae caput nostro Incolume abstuleris,

Phaedr. 1, 8, 11.—

Qui, with the subj., also follows dignus, indignus, aptus, idoneus, etc., answering the question, to or for what? dignus est, qui imperet, i. e. to, Cic. Leg. 3, 2, 5:

dignum esse dicunt, quīcum in tenebris mices,

id. Off. 3, 19, 77:

socios haud indignos judicas, quos in fidem receptos tuearis,

Liv. 23, 43:

idoneus nemo fuit quem imitarere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 41.—

Also after demonstrr. or clauses expressing or implying a quality or degree which is defined or explained in the rel.-clause:

qui potest temperantiam laudare is, qui ponat summum bonum in voluptate?

Cic. Off. 3, 33, 117:

nullo modo videre potest quicquam esse utile, quod non honestum sit,

id. ib. 3, 19, 77:

non sumus ii, quibus nihil verum esse videatur,

id. N. D. 1, 5, 12:

nunc dicis aliquid quod ad rem pertineat,

id. Rosc. Am. 18, 52:

quis potest esse tam mente captus, qui neget?

as that, that, to, id. Cat. 3, 9.—

To express a purpose, design, in order that, to:

sunt autem multi, qui eripiunt aliis, quod aliis largiantur,

Cic. Off. 1, 14, 43:

Caesar equitatum praemisit, qui viderent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 15:

domi creant decem praetores, qui exercitui praeessent,

Nep. Milt. 1, 4. —

The rel. serves as a connective, instead of is, ea, id, with a conj.:

res loquitur ipsa, quae semper valet plurimum,

and this, Cic. Mil. 20, 53:

ratio docet esse deos, quo concesso, confitendum est, etc.,

id. N. D. 2, 30, 75.—

The rel. sometimes means, by virtue of, according to, such:

quae tua natura est,

according to your disposition, Cic. Fam. 13, 78, 2:

qui meus amor in te est,

such is my love, id. ib. 7, 2, 1.—

In neutr. sing.

Quod signifies,

As much as, as far as, what, = quantum:

adjutabo quod potero,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 7:

cura, quod potes, ut valeas,

Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 6:

quae tibi mandavi, velim ut cures, quod sine molestiā tuā facere poteris,

id. Att. 1, 5, 7:

tu tamen, quod poteris, nos consiliis juvabis,

id. ib. 10, 2, 2; 11, 2, 2; 11, 12, 4; id. Fam. 3, 2, 2:

nihil cuiquam, quod suum dici vellet,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 16, § 36:

(Epicurus) se unus, quod sciam, sapientem profiteri est ausus,

id. Fin. 2, 3, 7:

quod tuo commodo fiat,

id. Fam 4, 2, 4: quod litteris exstet, [p. 1511] id. Tusc. 1, 16, 38:

quod sciam,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 6, 14:

quod ad me attinet,

as far as depends on me, for my part, Cic. Rosc. Am. 42, 122.— With ellips. of attinet: quod ad Caesarem crebri et non belli de eo rumores, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4; Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 7; Varr. L. L. 5, § 57 Müll.—With gen.:

quod operae,

so much trouble, Cic. Off. 1, 6, 19:

quod aeris,

Liv. 8, 20. —

Wherein:

si quid est, Quod mea opera opus sit vobis,

Ter. And. 4, 3, 23.—

Quo, abl. neutr., with compp. (with or without hoc, eo, or tanto): quo... eo, by how much, by so much, the... the:

quo difficilius, hoc praeclarius,

Cic. Off. 1, 19, 64.—

Indef., any one, any; with si, num, ne, v. quis:

quaeritur, num quod officium aliud alio majus sit,

Cic. Off. 1, 3, 7:

si qui graviore vulnere accepto equo deciderat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 48:

nisi si qui publice ad eam rem constitutus esset,

Cic. Leg. 2, 26, 65:

(BACANALIA) SEI QVA SVNT, S. C. de Bacchan.: ne qui forte putet,

Cic. de Or. 1, 2, 8.

quī, adv. interrog., rel. and indef. [old abl. of 1. qui].

Interrog., in what manner? how? whereby? by what means? why?

In direct questions:

quī minus eadem histrioni sit lex quae summo viro?

Plaut. Am. prol. 76:

Quī, amabo?

id. Bacch. 1, 1, 19:

quī scire possum?

id. ib. 2, 2, 13:

Quī in mentem venit tibi istuc facinus facere?

id. ib. 4, 4, 31:

Quī non?

id. ib. 5, 2, 44:

quī vero dupliciter?

id. Mil. 2, 3, 25:

quī vero?

id. Merc. 2, 3, 60:

quī scis?

Ter. And. 2, 1, 2:

quī istuc facere potuit?

id. Eun. 4, 3, 15:

quī potui melius?

id. Ad. 2, 2, 7:

sed nos deum nisi sempiternum intellegere quī possumus?

Cic. N. D. 1, 10, 25:

quī potest esse in ejusmodi trunco sapientia?

id. ib. 1, 30, 84:

quī potest?

id. Ac. 2, 31, 100:

quī ego minus in Africam traicerem,

Liv. 28, 43, 18.—

In indirect questions:

nimis demiror, quī illaec me donatum esse aureā paterā sciat,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 133:

quī istuc credam ita esse, mihi dici velim,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 15:

nec quī hoc mihi eveniat scio,

id. Hec. 2, 3, 6:

neque videre, quī conveniat,

Liv. 42, 50. —

In curses (cf. Gr. pôs, and Lat. utinam), how, would that, if but: quī illum di deaeque magno mactassint malo, Enn. ap. Non. 342, 14 (Trag. Rel. v. 377 Vahl.):

quī te Juppiter dique omnes perduint!

Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 31:

quī istum di perdant!

id. Trin. 4, 2, 78:

quī te di omnes perdant!

id. ib. 4, 2, 155; Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 73.—Ellipt.:

quī illi di irati!

Cic. Att. 4, 7, 1.—

Rel., wherewith, whereby, wherefrom, how (referring to all genders and both numbers).

In gen.: date ferrum, quī me animā privem, Enn. ap. Non. p. 474, 30 (Trag. Rel. v. 233 Vahl.):

patera, quī Pterela potitare rex est solitus,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 104; 1, 3, 37:

sucophantia, quī admutiletur miles,

id. Mil. 3, 1, 172; id. Capt. 1, 1, 33; 3, 4, 24:

mihi dari... vehicla quī vehar,

id. Aul. 3, 5, 28:

multa concurrunt simul, Quī conjecturam hanc facio,

Ter. And. 3, 2, 32:

in tantā paupertate decessit, ut quī efferretur, vix reliquerit,

Nep. Arist. 3, 2.—

Esp., of price, at what price, for how much, = quanti:

indica minumo daturus quī sis, quī duci queat,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 41:

quī datur, tanti indica,

id. ib. 4, 4, 109:

ut quantum possit quīque liceat veneant,

id. Men. 3, 3, 25.—

Transf., that, in order that: Ca. Restim volo mihi emere. Ps. Quam ob rem? Ca. Quī me faciam pensilem, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 87:

ut det, quī fiamus liberi,

id. Aul. 2, 4, 31:

facite, fingite, invenite, efficite, quī detur tibi: Ego id agam, mihi quī ne detur,

Ter. And. 2, 1, 34 sq. —

Indef. (only with particles of emphasis and assurance; cf. Gr. pôs, and v. Fleck. Krit. Misc. p. 28; Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 811; Brix ad Plaut. Capt. 550), in some way, somehow, surely (ante-class.); with hercle:

hercle quī, ut tu praedicas, Cavendumst me aps te irato,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 58:

hercle quī multo improbiores sunt, quam a primo credidi,

id. Most. 3, 2, 139:

hercle quī aequom postulabat senex,

id. Stich. 4, 1, 53; id. Men. 2, 3, 74.—With edepol:

edepol quī te de isto multi cupiunt nunc mentirier,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 184:

edepol quī quom hanc magis contemplo, magis placet,

id. Pers. 4, 4, 15; id. Am. 2, 2, 144.—With at (cf. atquī), and yet, but somehow: Gr. Non audio. Tr. At pol quī audies, Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 9; id. Am. 2, 2, 73.— With quippe: horum tibi istic nihil eveniet, quippe quī ubi quod subripias nihil est, Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 22:

ea nimiast ratio, quippe quī certo scio, etc.,

id. Truc. 1, 1, 49:

quippe quī Magnarum saepe id remedium aegritudinumst,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 27.—With ut:

an id est sapere, ut quī beneficium a benevolente repudies?

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 11:

et eum morbum mi esse, ut quī med opus sit insputarier?

id. Capt. 3, 4, 21; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 49.

qui, quae, quod (old forms: nom. quei; gen. quojus; dat. quoi, and in inscrr. QVOEI, QVOIEI, and QVEI; abl. qui; plur. ques or queis; fem. QVAI; neutr. qua; dat. and abl. queis and quĭs.—Joined with cum: quocum, quācum, quicum, quibuscum;

rarely cum quo,

Liv. 7, 33:

cum quibus,

id. 4, 5. — Placed also before other prepositions: quas contra, quem propter, etc.; v. h. praepp.), pron.

Interrog., who? which? what? what kind or sort of a? (adjectively; while quis, quid is used substantively; qui, of persons, asks for the character, quis usu. for the name).

In direct questions: quae haec daps est? qui festus dies? what sort of a feast? what kind of a festival? Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 752 P. (a transl. of Hom. Od. 1, 225: tis daïs, tis de homilos hod epleto; cf. Herm. Doctr. Metr. p. 619): Th. Quis fuit igitur? Py. Iste Chaerea. Th. Qui Chaerea? what Chærea? Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 8:

qui color, nitor, vestitus?

id. ib. 2, 2, 11:

qui cantus dulcior inveniri potest? quod carmen aptius? qui actor in imitandā veritate jucundior?

Cic. de Or. 2, 8, 34:

virgo, quae patria est tua?

Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 88:

occiso Sex. Roscio, qui primus Ameriam nuntiat?

what sort of a person? Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 96.—

In indirect discourse:

scribis te velle scire, qui sit rei publicae status,

what is the state of the country, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 10:

quae cura boum, qui cultus habendo Sit pecori... Hinc canere incipiam,

Verg. G. 1, 3:

iste deus qui sit da, Tityre, nobis,

id. E. 1, 18; 2, 19; 3, 8; id. A. 3, 608:

nescimus qui sis,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 6, 20:

qui sit, qui socium fraudarit, consideremus,

id. Rosc. Com. 6, 17.—

Rel., who, which, what, that, referring to a substantive or pronoun as antecedent.

As a simple rel.

With antecedent expressed:

habebat ducem Gabinium, quīcum quidvis rectissime facere posset,

Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:

ille vir, cui patriae salus dulcior fuit,

id. Balb. 5, 11:

vir acer, cui, etc.,

id. Brut. 35, 135:

vir optimus, qui, etc.,

id. Fam. 14, 4, 2:

Priscus, vir cujus, etc.,

Liv. 4, 46, 10; 23, 7, 4:

quod ego fui ad Trasimenum, id tu hodie es,

id. 30, 30, 12:

collaria, quae vocantur maelium,

Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 15:

coloniam, quam Fregellas appellent,

Liv. 8, 23:

sucus, quem opobalsamum vocant,

Plin. 12, 25, 54, § 116:

sidere, quod Caniculam appellavimus,

id. 18, 28, 68, § 272. —

With pronom. antecedent understood: QVI IN IVS VOCABIT, IVMENTVM DATO, Lex XII. Tabularum: SI ADORAT FVRTO, QVOD NEC MANIFESTVM ESCIT, ib. tab. 2, 1. 8:

novistine hominem? ridicule rogitas, quīcum una cibum capere soleo,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 60:

beati, quīs contigit, etc.,

Verg. A. 1, 95:

fac, qui ego sum, esse te,

Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 1. —

The rel. freq. agrees with the foll. word:

est locus in carcere, quod Tullianum appellatur,

Sall. C. 55, 3:

ealoca, quae Numidia appellatur,

id. J. 18, 11:

exstat ejus peroratio, qui epilogus dicitur,

Cic. Brut. 33, 127:

justa gloria, qui est fructus virtutis,

id. Pis. 24, 57:

domicilia conjuncta, quas urbes dicimus,

id. Sest. 42, 91. —

Sometimes it agrees with the logical, not the grammatical antecedent:

ne tu me arbitrare beluam, qui non novisse possim, quīcum aetatem exegerim,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 112:

ubi est scelus qui me perdidit?

Ter. And. 3, 5, 1:

hoc libro circumcisis rebus, quae non arbitror pertinere ad agriculturam,

Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 11:

abundantia earum rerum, quae prima mortales ducunt,

Sall. J. 41, 1; Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2:

illa furia muliebrium relligionum, qui, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 9, 15: alteram alam mittit, qui satagentibus occurrerent, Auct. B. Afr. 78. —

Relating to a remote subject:

annis ferme DX post Romam conditam Livius fabulam dedit... anno ante natum Ennium: qui (sc. Livius) fuit major natu quam Plautus et Naevius,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 3; v. the commentators ad loc.; Liv. 21, 26, 2; 31, 38, 10; 37, 14, 2; cf. Krehl ad Prisc. 2, 9, § 48, p. 91.—

The antecedent is sometimes repeated after the rel.:

erant itinera duo, quibus itineribus, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6. —

In a question, with ne affixed: sed ubi Artotrogus hic est? Art. Stat propter virum fortem... Mil. Quemne ego servavi in campis Curculioniis? whom I saved? Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 9:

quemne ego vidi?

whom I saw? Ter. And. 4, 4, 29.—

With an accessory signif., causal or final, joined to the subj.

As, because, seeing that, since:

Actio maluimus iter facere pedibus, qui incommodissime navigassemus,

Cic. Att. 5, 9, 1:

hospes, qui nihil suspicaretur,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 25, § 64;

ingrata es, ore quae caput nostro Incolume abstuleris,

Phaedr. 1, 8, 11.—

Qui, with the subj., also follows dignus, indignus, aptus, idoneus, etc., answering the question, to or for what? dignus est, qui imperet, i. e. to, Cic. Leg. 3, 2, 5:

dignum esse dicunt, quīcum in tenebris mices,

id. Off. 3, 19, 77:

socios haud indignos judicas, quos in fidem receptos tuearis,

Liv. 23, 43:

idoneus nemo fuit quem imitarere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 41.—

Also after demonstrr. or clauses expressing or implying a quality or degree which is defined or explained in the rel.-clause:

qui potest temperantiam laudare is, qui ponat summum bonum in voluptate?

Cic. Off. 3, 33, 117:

nullo modo videre potest quicquam esse utile, quod non honestum sit,

id. ib. 3, 19, 77:

non sumus ii, quibus nihil verum esse videatur,

id. N. D. 1, 5, 12:

nunc dicis aliquid quod ad rem pertineat,

id. Rosc. Am. 18, 52:

quis potest esse tam mente captus, qui neget?

as that, that, to, id. Cat. 3, 9.—

To express a purpose, design, in order that, to:

sunt autem multi, qui eripiunt aliis, quod aliis largiantur,

Cic. Off. 1, 14, 43:

Caesar equitatum praemisit, qui viderent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 15:

domi creant decem praetores, qui exercitui praeessent,

Nep. Milt. 1, 4. —

The rel. serves as a connective, instead of is, ea, id, with a conj.:

res loquitur ipsa, quae semper valet plurimum,

and this, Cic. Mil. 20, 53:

ratio docet esse deos, quo concesso, confitendum est, etc.,

id. N. D. 2, 30, 75.—

The rel. sometimes means, by virtue of, according to, such:

quae tua natura est,

according to your disposition, Cic. Fam. 13, 78, 2:

qui meus amor in te est,

such is my love, id. ib. 7, 2, 1.—

In neutr. sing.

Quod signifies,

As much as, as far as, what, = quantum:

adjutabo quod potero,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 7:

cura, quod potes, ut valeas,

Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 6:

quae tibi mandavi, velim ut cures, quod sine molestiā tuā facere poteris,

id. Att. 1, 5, 7:

tu tamen, quod poteris, nos consiliis juvabis,

id. ib. 10, 2, 2; 11, 2, 2; 11, 12, 4; id. Fam. 3, 2, 2:

nihil cuiquam, quod suum dici vellet,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 16, § 36:

(Epicurus) se unus, quod sciam, sapientem profiteri est ausus,

id. Fin. 2, 3, 7:

quod tuo commodo fiat,

id. Fam 4, 2, 4: quod litteris exstet, [p. 1511] id. Tusc. 1, 16, 38:

quod sciam,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 6, 14:

quod ad me attinet,

as far as depends on me, for my part, Cic. Rosc. Am. 42, 122.— With ellips. of attinet: quod ad Caesarem crebri et non belli de eo rumores, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4; Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 7; Varr. L. L. 5, § 57 Müll.—With gen.:

quod operae,

so much trouble, Cic. Off. 1, 6, 19:

quod aeris,

Liv. 8, 20. —

Wherein:

si quid est, Quod mea opera opus sit vobis,

Ter. And. 4, 3, 23.—

Quo, abl. neutr., with compp. (with or without hoc, eo, or tanto): quo... eo, by how much, by so much, the... the:

quo difficilius, hoc praeclarius,

Cic. Off. 1, 19, 64.—

Indef., any one, any; with si, num, ne, v. quis:

quaeritur, num quod officium aliud alio majus sit,

Cic. Off. 1, 3, 7:

si qui graviore vulnere accepto equo deciderat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 48:

nisi si qui publice ad eam rem constitutus esset,

Cic. Leg. 2, 26, 65:

(BACANALIA) SEI QVA SVNT, S. C. de Bacchan.: ne qui forte putet,

Cic. de Or. 1, 2, 8.

quī, adv. interrog., rel. and indef. [old abl. of 1. qui].

Interrog., in what manner? how? whereby? by what means? why?

In direct questions:

quī minus eadem histrioni sit lex quae summo viro?

Plaut. Am. prol. 76:

Quī, amabo?

id. Bacch. 1, 1, 19:

quī scire possum?

id. ib. 2, 2, 13:

Quī in mentem venit tibi istuc facinus facere?

id. ib. 4, 4, 31:

Quī non?

id. ib. 5, 2, 44:

quī vero dupliciter?

id. Mil. 2, 3, 25:

quī vero?

id. Merc. 2, 3, 60:

quī scis?

Ter. And. 2, 1, 2:

quī istuc facere potuit?

id. Eun. 4, 3, 15:

quī potui melius?

id. Ad. 2, 2, 7:

sed nos deum nisi sempiternum intellegere quī possumus?

Cic. N. D. 1, 10, 25:

quī potest esse in ejusmodi trunco sapientia?

id. ib. 1, 30, 84:

quī potest?

id. Ac. 2, 31, 100:

quī ego minus in Africam traicerem,

Liv. 28, 43, 18.—

In indirect questions:

nimis demiror, quī illaec me donatum esse aureā paterā sciat,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 133:

quī istuc credam ita esse, mihi dici velim,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 15:

nec quī hoc mihi eveniat scio,

id. Hec. 2, 3, 6:

neque videre, quī conveniat,

Liv. 42, 50. —

In curses (cf. Gr. pôs, and Lat. utinam), how, would that, if but: quī illum di deaeque magno mactassint malo, Enn. ap. Non. 342, 14 (Trag. Rel. v. 377 Vahl.):

quī te Juppiter dique omnes perduint!

Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 31:

quī istum di perdant!

id. Trin. 4, 2, 78:

quī te di omnes perdant!

id. ib. 4, 2, 155; Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 73.—Ellipt.:

quī illi di irati!

Cic. Att. 4, 7, 1.—

Rel., wherewith, whereby, wherefrom, how (referring to all genders and both numbers).

In gen.: date ferrum, quī me animā privem, Enn. ap. Non. p. 474, 30 (Trag. Rel. v. 233 Vahl.):

patera, quī Pterela potitare rex est solitus,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 104; 1, 3, 37:

sucophantia, quī admutiletur miles,

id. Mil. 3, 1, 172; id. Capt. 1, 1, 33; 3, 4, 24:

mihi dari... vehicla quī vehar,

id. Aul. 3, 5, 28:

multa concurrunt simul, Quī conjecturam hanc facio,

Ter. And. 3, 2, 32:

in tantā paupertate decessit, ut quī efferretur, vix reliquerit,

Nep. Arist. 3, 2.—

Esp., of price, at what price, for how much, = quanti:

indica minumo daturus quī sis, quī duci queat,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 41:

quī datur, tanti indica,

id. ib. 4, 4, 109:

ut quantum possit quīque liceat veneant,

id. Men. 3, 3, 25.—

Transf., that, in order that: Ca. Restim volo mihi emere. Ps. Quam ob rem? Ca. Quī me faciam pensilem, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 87:

ut det, quī fiamus liberi,

id. Aul. 2, 4, 31:

facite, fingite, invenite, efficite, quī detur tibi: Ego id agam, mihi quī ne detur,

Ter. And. 2, 1, 34 sq. —

Indef. (only with particles of emphasis and assurance; cf. Gr. pôs, and v. Fleck. Krit. Misc. p. 28; Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 811; Brix ad Plaut. Capt. 550), in some way, somehow, surely (ante-class.); with hercle:

hercle quī, ut tu praedicas, Cavendumst me aps te irato,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 58:

hercle quī multo improbiores sunt, quam a primo credidi,

id. Most. 3, 2, 139:

hercle quī aequom postulabat senex,

id. Stich. 4, 1, 53; id. Men. 2, 3, 74.—With edepol:

edepol quī te de isto multi cupiunt nunc mentirier,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 184:

edepol quī quom hanc magis contemplo, magis placet,

id. Pers. 4, 4, 15; id. Am. 2, 2, 144.—With at (cf. atquī), and yet, but somehow: Gr. Non audio. Tr. At pol quī audies, Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 9; id. Am. 2, 2, 73.— With quippe: horum tibi istic nihil eveniet, quippe quī ubi quod subripias nihil est, Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 22:

ea nimiast ratio, quippe quī certo scio, etc.,

id. Truc. 1, 1, 49:

quippe quī Magnarum saepe id remedium aegritudinumst,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 27.—With ut:

an id est sapere, ut quī beneficium a benevolente repudies?

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 11:

et eum morbum mi esse, ut quī med opus sit insputarier?

id. Capt. 3, 4, 21; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 49.

rĕlĭgĭo (in poetry also rellĭgĭo, to lengthen the first syllable), ōnis, f. [Concerning the etymology of this word, various opinions were prevalent among the ancients. Cicero (N. D. 2, 28, 72) derives it from relĕgere, an etymology favored by the verse cited ap. Gell. 4, 9, 1, religentem esse oportet, religiosum nefas; whereas Servius (ad Verg. A. 8, 349), Lactantius (4, 28), Augustine (Retract. 1, 13), al., assume religare as the primitive, and for this derivation Lactantius cites the expression of Lucretius (1, 931; 4, 7): religionum nodis animos exsolvere. Modern etymologists mostly agree with this latter view, assuming as root lig, to bind, whence also lic-tor, lex, and ligare; hence, religio sometimes means the same as obligatio; v. Corss. Aussprache, 1, 444 sq.; cf. Munro ad Lucr. 1, 109.]

Reverence for God ( the gods), the fear of God, connected with a careful pondering of divine things; piety, religion, both pure inward piety and that which is manifested in religious rites and ceremonies;

hence the rites and ceremonies, as well as the entire system of religion and worship, the res divinae or sacrae, were frequently called religio or religiones (cf. our use of the word religion): qui omnia, quae ad cultum deorum pertinerent, diligenter retractarent et tamquam relegerent, sunt dicti religiosi ex relegendo, ut elegantes ex elegendo, tamquam a diligendo diligentes, ex intellegendo intellegentes: his enim in verbis omnibus inest vis legendi eadem, quae in religioso,

Cic. N. D. 2, 28, 72:

religione id est cultu deorum,

id. ib. 2, 3, 8:

religio est, quae superioris cujusdam naturae (quam divinam vocant) curam caerimoniamque affert,

id. Inv. 2, 53, 161:

(Pompilius) animos ardentes consuetudine et cupiditate bellandi religionum caeremoniis mitigavit, etc.,

id. Rep. 2, 14, 26;

with which cf.: illa diuturna pax Numae mater huic urbi juris et religionis fuit,

id. ib. 5, 2, 3:

de auguriis, responsis, religione denique omni,

Quint. 12, 2, 21:

unde enim pietas? aut a quibus religio?

Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 2; cf. id. Leg. 2, 11, 26:

aliquem a pietate, religione deducere,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 12:

horum sententiae omnium non modo superstitionem tollunt, in quā inest timor inanis deorum, sed etiam religionem, quae deorum cultu pio continetur, etc.,

id. N. D. 1, 42, 117:

quis enim istas (Democriti) imagines... aut cultu aut religione dignas judicare?

id. ib. 1, 43, 121; cf.:

cum animus cultum deorum et puram religionem susceperit,

id. Leg. 1, 23, 60:

sacra Cereris summa majores nostri religione confici caerimoniaque voluerunt,

id. Balb. 24, 55; cf. id. Leg. 2, 22, 55:

in quibus erant omnia, quae sceleri propiora sunt quam religioni,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112:

nec vero superstitione tollenda religio tollitur,

id. Div. 2, 72, 148; cf. id. Part. 23, 31:

medemini religioni sociorum, judices, conservate vestram. Neque enim haec externa vobis est religio (sc. Cereris) neque aliena, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 51, § 114:

istorum religio sacrorum,

id. Fl. 28, 69; id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 12; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 8, §

18: religio deorum immortalium,

id. Lael. 25, 96; cf.:

per deos immortales! eos ipsos, de quorum religione jam diu dicimus,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 47, § 105:

religio divum,

Lucr. 6, 1276:

mira quaedam totā Siciliā privatim ac publice religio est Cereris Hennensis... quantam esse religionem convenit eorum, apud quos eam (Cererem) natam esse constat?... tanta erit enim auctoritas illius religionis, ut, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 107; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 45, §

99: qui (Mercurius) apud eos summā religione coleretur,

id. ib. 2, 4, 39, § 84; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 39, § 85;

2, 4, 44, § 96: (simulacrum Dianae) translatum Carthaginem locum tantum hominesque mutarat: religionem quidem pristinam conservabat,

id. ib. 2, 4, 33, § 72; cf.

, of the same,

id. ib. 2, 4, 35, §

78: fanum Junonis tantā religione semper fuit, ut... semper inviolatum sanctumque fuit,

enjoyed such honor, was held in such reverence, id. ib. 2, 4, 46, § 103;

2, 4, 58, § 129: hac (panacea) evulsā scrobem repleri vario genere frugum religio est,

is a religious custom, Plin. 25, 4, 11, § 30; cf.:

et obrui tales religio est,

id. 30, 5, 14, § 42:

hi (barbari) ignari totius negotii ac religionis,

of religious belief, of religion, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 35, § 77; cf.:

venit mihi fani, loci, religionis illius in mentem,

id. ib. 2, 4, 50, §

110: de religione queri,

id. ib. 2, 4, 51, § 113.—In late and eccl. Lat., a religious ordinance, ceremony, rite:

quae est ista religio?

Vulg. Exod. 12, 26:

ista est religio victimae,

id. Num. 19, 2.—In plur.:

expertes religionum omnium,

Cic. N. D. 1, 42, 119:

qui in bello religionum et consuetudinis jura continent,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 55, § 122; cf.:

a quibus (rebus) etiam oculos cohibere te religionum jura cogebant,

id. ib. 2, 4, 45, §

101: religiones expiare,

id. Mil. 27, 73:

ceterae (nationes) pro religionibus suis bella suscipiunt, istae contra omnium religiones,

id. Font. 9, 30: Druides religiones interpretantur, religious matters, religion, Caes. B. G. 6, 13:

scientia morum ac religionum ejus rei publicae,

Quint. 12, 3, 1:

civitas religionibus dedita,

Plin. Pan. 74, 5:

liberum a religionibus matutinum,

Col. 6, 2, 3.

Transf.

Subject., conscientiousness, scrupulousness arising from religion, religious scruples, scruples of conscience, religious awe, etc. (cf. sanctimonia):

refrenatus religione,

Lucr. 5, 1114:

oppressa gravi sub religione vita,

id. 1, 64:

sese cum summā religione, tum summo metu legum et judiciorum teneri,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 34, § 75; cf.:

ut eam non metus, non religio contineret,

id. ib. 2, 4, 45, §

101: memini perturbari exercitum nostrum religione et metu, quod serenā nocte subito candens et plena luna defecisset,

id. Rep. 1, 15, 23:

tantā religione obstricta tota provincia est, tanta superstitio ex istius facto mentes omnium Siculorum occupavit, ut, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 51, § 113; cf.:

obstrinxisti religione populum Romanum,

id. Phil. 2, 33, 83:

recitatis litteris oblata religio Cornuto est, etc.,

id. Fam. 10, 12, 3:

ad oblatam aliquam religionem,

id. Agr. 1, 2, 5:

non recordabantur, quam parvulae saepe causae vel falsae suspicionis vel terroris repentini vel objectae religionis magna detrimenta intulissent,

Caes. B. C. 3, 72:

obicere religionem,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 40; cf.:

inicere religionem alicui,

Cic. Caecin. 33, 97:

vide ne quid Catulus attulerit religionis,

id. de Or. 2, 90, 367:

Gracchus cum rem illam in religionem populo venisse sentiret, ad senatum retulit,

id. N. D. 2, 4, 10:

nec eam rem habuit religioni,

id. Div. 1, 35, 77:

ut quae religio C. Mario non fuerat, quo minus C. Glauciam praetorem occideret, eā nos religione in privato P. Lentulo puniendo liberaremur,

id. Cat. 3, 6, 15:

tunc quoque, ne confestim bellum indiceretur, religio obstitit,

Liv. 4, 30:

cum ibi quoque religio obstaret, ne, etc... augures consulti eam religionem eximere,

id. 4, 31:

cum plenā religione civitas esset,

id. 7, 28; 21, 62:

nihil esse mihi, religio'st dicere,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 16; cf.:

ut velut numine aliquo defensa castra oppugnare iterum, religio fuerit,

Liv. 2, 62; 6, 27:

rivos deducere nulla Religio vetuit (with fas et jura sinunt),

Verg. G. 1, 270:

nulla mihi Religio est,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 71:

nullā religione, ut scelus tegat, posse constrin gi,

Curt. 6, 7, 7:

quosdam religio ceperit ulterius quicquam eo die conandi,

Liv. 28, 15; cf.:

movendi inde thesauros incussa erat religio,

id. 29, 18:

religio fuit, denegare nolui,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 71.—In plur.: non demunt animis curas ac religiones Persarum montes, Varr. ap. Non. 379, 11:

artis Religionum animum nodis exsolvere,

Lucr. 1, 932; 4, 7:

religionibus atque minis obsistere vatum,

id. 1, 109:

plerique novas sibi ex loco religiones fingunt,

Caes. B. G. 6, 37:

natio est omnis Gallorum admodum dedita religionibus,

id. ib. 6, 16:

religionibus impediri,

id. ib. 5, 6; Auct. B. Alex. 74; Phaedr. 4, 10, 4:

plenis religionum animis, prodigia insuper nunciata,

Liv. 41, 16:

nullus locus non religionum deorumque est plenus,

id. 5, 52, 2:

pontifices flaminesque neglegentiores publicarum religionum esse,

id. 5, 52, 5.—

Meton. ( effect. pro causā), a religious offence, giving rise to scruples of conscience:

ut si profectus non esset, nullā tamen mendacii religione obstrictus videretur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 11:

liberaret religione templum,

Liv. 45, 5:

se domumque religione exsolvere,

id. 5, 23.—In plur.:

inexpiabiles religiones in rem publicam inducere,

Cic. Phil. 1, 6, 13.—

In partic.: religio jurisjurandi, or absol., scrupulousness in the fulfilment of an oath, the obligation of an oath, plighted faith:

religione jurisjurandi ac metu deorum in testimoniis dicendis commoveri,

Cic. Font. 9, 20; so,

jurisjurandi,

Caes. B. C. 1, 76 fin.; 3, 28; cf.:

nec Achaeos religione obstringerent,

Liv. 39, 37; Just. 1, 9, 18; 18, 6, 11. — Absol., Caes. B. C. 2, 32:

nocturna proelia esse vitanda, quod perterritus miles in civili dissensione timori magis quam religioni consulere consuerit,

id. ib. 1, 67:

religionem servare,

Nep. Ages. 2, 5.—

In gen., a strict scrupulousness, anxiety, punctiliousness, conscientiousness, exactness, etc.: Atheniensium semper fuit prudens sincerumque judicium, nihil ut possent nisi incorruptum audire et elegans. Eorum religioni cum serviret orator, nullum verbum insolens, [p. 1557] nullum odiosum ponere audebat, Cic. Or. 8, 25; cf. id. ib. 11, 36; id. Brut. 82, 283:

fide et religione vitae defendi,

id. Deiot. 6, 16; cf.:

propter fidem et religionem judicis,

id. Rosc. Com. 15, 45; and:

testimoniorum religionem et fidem,

id. Fl. 4, 9:

homo sine ullā religione ac fide,

Nep. Chabr. 8, 2:

sin est in me ratio rei publicae, religio privati officii, etc.,

Cic. Sull. 3, 10; so,

officii,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 2:

religio in consilio dando,

id. Fam. 11, 29, 1:

alicujus facta ad antiquae religionis rationem exquirere,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 5, § 10; so,

antiqua,

id. Caecin. 10, 28:

nefas est religionem decipi judicantis,

Amm. 30, 4, 10.—In plur.:

judicum religiones,

Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 31.—

Object.

Abstr., the holiness, sacredness, sanctity inhering in any religious object (a deity, temple, utensils, etc.; cf.

sanctitas): quae (fortissimorum civium mentes) mihi videntur ex hominum vitā ad deorum religionem et sanctimoniam demigrasse,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 10, 30:

propter singularem ejus fani religionem,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 96:

in sacerdotibus tanta offusa oculis animoque religio,

Liv. 2, 40, 3; so,

fani,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 110; id. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

sacrarii,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 5:

templorum,

Tac. H. 1, 40:

signi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 127:

jam tum religio pavidos terrebat agrestes Dira loci,

Verg. A. 8, 349.—

Concr., an object of religious veneration, a sacred place or thing:

uno tempore Agrigentini beneficium Africani (sc. signum Apollinis), religionem domesticam, ornamentum urbis, etc.... requirebant,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 93; cf.:

religionem restituere,

id. ib. 2, 4, 36, §

80: sacrorum omnium et religionum hostis praedoque,

id. ib.; cf.:

praedo religionum,

id. ib. 2, 4, 43, §

95: quem tibi deum tantis eorum religionibus violatis auxilio futurum putas?

id. ib. 2, 4, 35, § 78; cf.:

est sceleris, quod religiones maximas violavit,

id. ib. 2, 4, 41, § 88.— Poet.:

quae religio aut quae machina belli, of the Trojan horse,

Verg. A. 2, 151.—

A system of religious belief, a religion (late Lat.):

Christiana,

Christianity, Eutr. 10, 16 fin.; Leo M. Serm. 66, 2 init.:

Christianam religionem absolutam et simplicem anili superstitione confundens,

Amm. 21, 16, 18; Lact. 5, 2, 8.

rĕlĭgĭo (in poetry also rellĭgĭo, to lengthen the first syllable), ōnis, f. [Concerning the etymology of this word, various opinions were prevalent among the ancients. Cicero (N. D. 2, 28, 72) derives it from relĕgere, an etymology favored by the verse cited ap. Gell. 4, 9, 1, religentem esse oportet, religiosum nefas; whereas Servius (ad Verg. A. 8, 349), Lactantius (4, 28), Augustine (Retract. 1, 13), al., assume religare as the primitive, and for this derivation Lactantius cites the expression of Lucretius (1, 931; 4, 7): religionum nodis animos exsolvere. Modern etymologists mostly agree with this latter view, assuming as root lig, to bind, whence also lic-tor, lex, and ligare; hence, religio sometimes means the same as obligatio; v. Corss. Aussprache, 1, 444 sq.; cf. Munro ad Lucr. 1, 109.]

Reverence for God ( the gods), the fear of God, connected with a careful pondering of divine things; piety, religion, both pure inward piety and that which is manifested in religious rites and ceremonies;

hence the rites and ceremonies, as well as the entire system of religion and worship, the res divinae or sacrae, were frequently called religio or religiones (cf. our use of the word religion): qui omnia, quae ad cultum deorum pertinerent, diligenter retractarent et tamquam relegerent, sunt dicti religiosi ex relegendo, ut elegantes ex elegendo, tamquam a diligendo diligentes, ex intellegendo intellegentes: his enim in verbis omnibus inest vis legendi eadem, quae in religioso,

Cic. N. D. 2, 28, 72:

religione id est cultu deorum,

id. ib. 2, 3, 8:

religio est, quae superioris cujusdam naturae (quam divinam vocant) curam caerimoniamque affert,

id. Inv. 2, 53, 161:

(Pompilius) animos ardentes consuetudine et cupiditate bellandi religionum caeremoniis mitigavit, etc.,

id. Rep. 2, 14, 26;

with which cf.: illa diuturna pax Numae mater huic urbi juris et religionis fuit,

id. ib. 5, 2, 3:

de auguriis, responsis, religione denique omni,

Quint. 12, 2, 21:

unde enim pietas? aut a quibus religio?

Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 2; cf. id. Leg. 2, 11, 26:

aliquem a pietate, religione deducere,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 12:

horum sententiae omnium non modo superstitionem tollunt, in quā inest timor inanis deorum, sed etiam religionem, quae deorum cultu pio continetur, etc.,

id. N. D. 1, 42, 117:

quis enim istas (Democriti) imagines... aut cultu aut religione dignas judicare?

id. ib. 1, 43, 121; cf.:

cum animus cultum deorum et puram religionem susceperit,

id. Leg. 1, 23, 60:

sacra Cereris summa majores nostri religione confici caerimoniaque voluerunt,

id. Balb. 24, 55; cf. id. Leg. 2, 22, 55:

in quibus erant omnia, quae sceleri propiora sunt quam religioni,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112:

nec vero superstitione tollenda religio tollitur,

id. Div. 2, 72, 148; cf. id. Part. 23, 31:

medemini religioni sociorum, judices, conservate vestram. Neque enim haec externa vobis est religio (sc. Cereris) neque aliena, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 51, § 114:

istorum religio sacrorum,

id. Fl. 28, 69; id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 12; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 8, §

18: religio deorum immortalium,

id. Lael. 25, 96; cf.:

per deos immortales! eos ipsos, de quorum religione jam diu dicimus,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 47, § 105:

religio divum,

Lucr. 6, 1276:

mira quaedam totā Siciliā privatim ac publice religio est Cereris Hennensis... quantam esse religionem convenit eorum, apud quos eam (Cererem) natam esse constat?... tanta erit enim auctoritas illius religionis, ut, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 107; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 45, §

99: qui (Mercurius) apud eos summā religione coleretur,

id. ib. 2, 4, 39, § 84; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 39, § 85;

2, 4, 44, § 96: (simulacrum Dianae) translatum Carthaginem locum tantum hominesque mutarat: religionem quidem pristinam conservabat,

id. ib. 2, 4, 33, § 72; cf.

, of the same,

id. ib. 2, 4, 35, §

78: fanum Junonis tantā religione semper fuit, ut... semper inviolatum sanctumque fuit,

enjoyed such honor, was held in such reverence, id. ib. 2, 4, 46, § 103;

2, 4, 58, § 129: hac (panacea) evulsā scrobem repleri vario genere frugum religio est,

is a religious custom, Plin. 25, 4, 11, § 30; cf.:

et obrui tales religio est,

id. 30, 5, 14, § 42:

hi (barbari) ignari totius negotii ac religionis,

of religious belief, of religion, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 35, § 77; cf.:

venit mihi fani, loci, religionis illius in mentem,

id. ib. 2, 4, 50, §

110: de religione queri,

id. ib. 2, 4, 51, § 113.—In late and eccl. Lat., a religious ordinance, ceremony, rite:

quae est ista religio?

Vulg. Exod. 12, 26:

ista est religio victimae,

id. Num. 19, 2.—In plur.:

expertes religionum omnium,

Cic. N. D. 1, 42, 119:

qui in bello religionum et consuetudinis jura continent,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 55, § 122; cf.:

a quibus (rebus) etiam oculos cohibere te religionum jura cogebant,

id. ib. 2, 4, 45, §

101: religiones expiare,

id. Mil. 27, 73:

ceterae (nationes) pro religionibus suis bella suscipiunt, istae contra omnium religiones,

id. Font. 9, 30: Druides religiones interpretantur, religious matters, religion, Caes. B. G. 6, 13:

scientia morum ac religionum ejus rei publicae,

Quint. 12, 3, 1:

civitas religionibus dedita,

Plin. Pan. 74, 5:

liberum a religionibus matutinum,

Col. 6, 2, 3.

Transf.

Subject., conscientiousness, scrupulousness arising from religion, religious scruples, scruples of conscience, religious awe, etc. (cf. sanctimonia):

refrenatus religione,

Lucr. 5, 1114:

oppressa gravi sub religione vita,

id. 1, 64:

sese cum summā religione, tum summo metu legum et judiciorum teneri,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 34, § 75; cf.:

ut eam non metus, non religio contineret,

id. ib. 2, 4, 45, §

101: memini perturbari exercitum nostrum religione et metu, quod serenā nocte subito candens et plena luna defecisset,

id. Rep. 1, 15, 23:

tantā religione obstricta tota provincia est, tanta superstitio ex istius facto mentes omnium Siculorum occupavit, ut, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 51, § 113; cf.:

obstrinxisti religione populum Romanum,

id. Phil. 2, 33, 83:

recitatis litteris oblata religio Cornuto est, etc.,

id. Fam. 10, 12, 3:

ad oblatam aliquam religionem,

id. Agr. 1, 2, 5:

non recordabantur, quam parvulae saepe causae vel falsae suspicionis vel terroris repentini vel objectae religionis magna detrimenta intulissent,

Caes. B. C. 3, 72:

obicere religionem,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 40; cf.:

inicere religionem alicui,

Cic. Caecin. 33, 97:

vide ne quid Catulus attulerit religionis,

id. de Or. 2, 90, 367:

Gracchus cum rem illam in religionem populo venisse sentiret, ad senatum retulit,

id. N. D. 2, 4, 10:

nec eam rem habuit religioni,

id. Div. 1, 35, 77:

ut quae religio C. Mario non fuerat, quo minus C. Glauciam praetorem occideret, eā nos religione in privato P. Lentulo puniendo liberaremur,

id. Cat. 3, 6, 15:

tunc quoque, ne confestim bellum indiceretur, religio obstitit,

Liv. 4, 30:

cum ibi quoque religio obstaret, ne, etc... augures consulti eam religionem eximere,

id. 4, 31:

cum plenā religione civitas esset,

id. 7, 28; 21, 62:

nihil esse mihi, religio'st dicere,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 16; cf.:

ut velut numine aliquo defensa castra oppugnare iterum, religio fuerit,

Liv. 2, 62; 6, 27:

rivos deducere nulla Religio vetuit (with fas et jura sinunt),

Verg. G. 1, 270:

nulla mihi Religio est,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 71:

nullā religione, ut scelus tegat, posse constrin gi,

Curt. 6, 7, 7:

quosdam religio ceperit ulterius quicquam eo die conandi,

Liv. 28, 15; cf.:

movendi inde thesauros incussa erat religio,

id. 29, 18:

religio fuit, denegare nolui,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 71.—In plur.: non demunt animis curas ac religiones Persarum montes, Varr. ap. Non. 379, 11:

artis Religionum animum nodis exsolvere,

Lucr. 1, 932; 4, 7:

religionibus atque minis obsistere vatum,

id. 1, 109:

plerique novas sibi ex loco religiones fingunt,

Caes. B. G. 6, 37:

natio est omnis Gallorum admodum dedita religionibus,

id. ib. 6, 16:

religionibus impediri,

id. ib. 5, 6; Auct. B. Alex. 74; Phaedr. 4, 10, 4:

plenis religionum animis, prodigia insuper nunciata,

Liv. 41, 16:

nullus locus non religionum deorumque est plenus,

id. 5, 52, 2:

pontifices flaminesque neglegentiores publicarum religionum esse,

id. 5, 52, 5.—

Meton. ( effect. pro causā), a religious offence, giving rise to scruples of conscience:

ut si profectus non esset, nullā tamen mendacii religione obstrictus videretur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 11:

liberaret religione templum,

Liv. 45, 5:

se domumque religione exsolvere,

id. 5, 23.—In plur.:

inexpiabiles religiones in rem publicam inducere,

Cic. Phil. 1, 6, 13.—

In partic.: religio jurisjurandi, or absol., scrupulousness in the fulfilment of an oath, the obligation of an oath, plighted faith:

religione jurisjurandi ac metu deorum in testimoniis dicendis commoveri,

Cic. Font. 9, 20; so,

jurisjurandi,

Caes. B. C. 1, 76 fin.; 3, 28; cf.:

nec Achaeos religione obstringerent,

Liv. 39, 37; Just. 1, 9, 18; 18, 6, 11. — Absol., Caes. B. C. 2, 32:

nocturna proelia esse vitanda, quod perterritus miles in civili dissensione timori magis quam religioni consulere consuerit,

id. ib. 1, 67:

religionem servare,

Nep. Ages. 2, 5.—

In gen., a strict scrupulousness, anxiety, punctiliousness, conscientiousness, exactness, etc.: Atheniensium semper fuit prudens sincerumque judicium, nihil ut possent nisi incorruptum audire et elegans. Eorum religioni cum serviret orator, nullum verbum insolens, [p. 1557] nullum odiosum ponere audebat, Cic. Or. 8, 25; cf. id. ib. 11, 36; id. Brut. 82, 283:

fide et religione vitae defendi,

id. Deiot. 6, 16; cf.:

propter fidem et religionem judicis,

id. Rosc. Com. 15, 45; and:

testimoniorum religionem et fidem,

id. Fl. 4, 9:

homo sine ullā religione ac fide,

Nep. Chabr. 8, 2:

sin est in me ratio rei publicae, religio privati officii, etc.,

Cic. Sull. 3, 10; so,

officii,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 2:

religio in consilio dando,

id. Fam. 11, 29, 1:

alicujus facta ad antiquae religionis rationem exquirere,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 5, § 10; so,

antiqua,

id. Caecin. 10, 28:

nefas est religionem decipi judicantis,

Amm. 30, 4, 10.—In plur.:

judicum religiones,

Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 31.—

Object.

Abstr., the holiness, sacredness, sanctity inhering in any religious object (a deity, temple, utensils, etc.; cf.

sanctitas): quae (fortissimorum civium mentes) mihi videntur ex hominum vitā ad deorum religionem et sanctimoniam demigrasse,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 10, 30:

propter singularem ejus fani religionem,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 96:

in sacerdotibus tanta offusa oculis animoque religio,

Liv. 2, 40, 3; so,

fani,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 110; id. Inv. 2, 1, 1:

sacrarii,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 5:

templorum,

Tac. H. 1, 40:

signi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 127:

jam tum religio pavidos terrebat agrestes Dira loci,

Verg. A. 8, 349.—

Concr., an object of religious veneration, a sacred place or thing:

uno tempore Agrigentini beneficium Africani (sc. signum Apollinis), religionem domesticam, ornamentum urbis, etc.... requirebant,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 93; cf.:

religionem restituere,

id. ib. 2, 4, 36, §

80: sacrorum omnium et religionum hostis praedoque,

id. ib.; cf.:

praedo religionum,

id. ib. 2, 4, 43, §

95: quem tibi deum tantis eorum religionibus violatis auxilio futurum putas?

id. ib. 2, 4, 35, § 78; cf.:

est sceleris, quod religiones maximas violavit,

id. ib. 2, 4, 41, § 88.— Poet.:

quae religio aut quae machina belli, of the Trojan horse,

Verg. A. 2, 151.—

A system of religious belief, a religion (late Lat.):

Christiana,

Christianity, Eutr. 10, 16 fin.; Leo M. Serm. 66, 2 init.:

Christianam religionem absolutam et simplicem anili superstitione confundens,

Amm. 21, 16, 18; Lact. 5, 2, 8.