subesse

, subesse

to be near, close at hand, be under, be subject.

sub-sum, no perf., esse, v. n., to be under, among, or behind; to be near, close, or at hand (class.):

ubi non subest, quo praecipitet ac decidat,

there is nothing underneath, Cic. Rep. 1, 45, 69; Lucr. 3, 873; cf. id. 4, 1082: si quid intra cutem subest ulceris, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 3:

subucula subest tunicae,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 96:

nigra subest lingua palato,

Verg. G. 3, 388: suberat Pan ilicis umbrae Tib. 2, 5, 27:

cum sol Oceano subest,

Hor. C. 4, 5, 40.—

To be near, to be at hand, of places and persons:

mons suberat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25:

montes,

id. B. C. 1, 65:

vallis,

id. ib. 1, 79:

planities,

Liv. 27, 18:

vicina taberna,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 24:

templa mari,

Ov. M. 11, 359; cf.: regnum Ariobarzanis illi, Sall. Ep. Mithrid. ad Arsac. med.: me subesse propinquis locis, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 2.—

Transf., of time, to be near or at hand, to approach:

nox jam suberat,

was near, Caes. B. C. 3, 97; so,

hiems,

id. B. G. 3, 27:

dies comitiorum,

Cic. Mil. 16, 42.—

Trop., to be underneath, be at the bottom, be or exist under, lie concealed in:

in quā (legatione) periculi suspitio non subesset,

Cic. Phil. 9, 2, 4:

in quā re nulla subesset suspitio,

id. Rosc. Am. 10, 28;

and simply suspitio,

id. Quint. 21, 66:

eadem causa subest,

id. Off. 1, 12, 38:

causa aliqua,

id. Fin. 5, 10, 29; cf.:

si his vitiis ratio non subesset,

id. N. D. 3, 28, 71:

ratio,

Auct. Her. 1, 17, 27; Quint. 9, 3, 6:

si negabimus temere famam Naxi solere, quin subsit aliquid,

Auct. Her. 2, 8, 12:

si ulla spes salutis nostrae subesset,

Cic. Att. 3, 25:

nam illi regi amabili, Cyro, subest ad inmutandi animi licentiam crudelissimus ille Phalaris,

id. Rep. 1, 28, 44; Quint. 3, 5, 9:

saepe solent auro multa subesse mala,

are hid under, exist under, Tib. 1, 9, 18:

subest silentio facinus,

Curt. 6, 9, 11 et saep.— Poet.:

notitiae suberit amica tuae,

will be subject to your cognizance, Ov. A. A. 1, 398.

ex-cŭtĭo, cussi, cussum, 3 (archaic perf. subj. excussit, for excusserit, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 2, 16), v. a. [quatio], to shake out or off, to cast out, drive out, to send forth (class., esp. in the trop. sense).

Lit.

In gen.:

posse ex his (litteris) in terram excussis annales Ennii, ut deinceps legi possint, effici,

shaken out, Cic. N. D. 2, 37, 94:

equus excussit equitem,

threw off, Liv. 8, 7, 10:

excussus equo,

Verg. A. 11, 640:

excussus curru,

id. ib. 10, 590; Suet. Caes. 37; Curt. 3, 11; cf.:

lectis excussit utrumque,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 112:

gubernatorem in mare e puppi,

Curt. 4, 4 med.; cf.

also: ancora ictu ipso excussa e nave sua,

Liv. 37, 30, 9:

lapide clavum,

to knock off, Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 10:

pulvis digitis excutiendus erit,

Ov. A. A. 1, 150:

poculum e manibus,

Pers. 3, 101:

ignem de crinibus,

to shake off, Ov. M. 12, 281:

rem de manu alicujus,

to strike out, Dig. 47, 2, 53, § 13:

Pelion subjectā Ossā (Juppiter),

Ov. M. 1, 155:

poma venti,

to cast down, shake down, id. ib. 14, 764 et saep.:

ne nucifrangibula (i. e. dentes) excussit ex malis meis,

to knock out, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 2, 16; cf.:

cerebrum alicui,

id. Capt. 3, 4, 69; id. Aul. 2, 1, 29:

oculum alicui cyatho, verberibus,

id. Pers. 5, 2, 16; Suet. Tib. 53; cf.:

oculo excusso,

id. Caes. 68: ipso cum domino calce omnes excutiamus, to drive out or forth, Lucil. ap. Non. 298, 33:

Teucros vallo,

Verg. A. 9, 68:

hostem oppidis et regionibus,

Flor. 2, 6, 42:

ab obsidione Nolae urbis (with pellere a Campania),

id. ib. 29:

feras cubilibus,

to scare, rouse up, Plin. Pan. 81, 1:

si flava excutitur Chloë,

be shaken off, cast off, Hor. C. 3, 9, 19:

(viros) excussos patriā infesta sequi,

Verg. A. 7, 299:

ut me excutiam atque egrediar domo,

take myself off, decamp, Ter. Ph. 4, 1, 20:

quartanas,

to drive away, Plin. 20, 6, 23, § 56 et saep.:

(leo) gaudet comantes Excutiens cervice toros,

shaking about, shaking, Verg. A. 12, 7; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 71:

caesariem,

Ov. M. 4, 492:

pennas,

id. ib. 6, 703:

habenas,

id. ib. 5, 404; cf.:

nares inflare et movere... et pulso subito spiritu excutere, etc.,

to blow up, dilate, Quint. 11, 3, 80:

se (gallinae edito ovo),

Plin. 10, 41, 57, § 116:

tela,

to hurl, discharge, Tac. A. 2, 20; cf. Curt. 8, 13:

fulmen in Thebas,

Stat. Th. 10, 69:

excussaque brachia jacto,

tossed, Ov. M. 5, 596; id. H. 18, 189:

(aër) Excussit calidum flammis velocibus ignem,

sends out, produces, Lucr. 6, 688; cf. id. 6, 161: largum imbrem (procellae), Curt. 4, 7:

lacrimas alicui,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 59; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 15:

vomitum alicui,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 15:

sudorem,

Nep. Eum. 5 et saep.— Transf.:

excutior somno,

I am roused from sleep, Verg. A. 2, 302; Ov. H. 13, 111; Hor. S. 2, 6, 112.—

In partic., to shake out, shake.

Esp. a garment, to free it from dust:

vexatam solo vestem,

Petr. 128, 4; Vulg. Act. 18, 6; cf.:

excutere de pulvere,

shake yourself, Vulg. Isa. 52, 2; and:

pulverem de pedibus,

id. Matt. 10, 14.—

To stir, move any thing to see under it; and hence, to search, examine a person: St. Di me perdant, si ego tui quicquam abstuli. Eu. Agedum, excutedum pallium, Plaut. Aul. 4, 4, 19; so,

culcitisque et stragulis praetentatis et excussis,

Suet. Claud. 35.—With personal objects: excutiuntur tabellarii, Asin. Poll. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 31, 4; cf.:

verum (porcellum) ut subesse pallio contenderent Et excuti juberent,

Phaedr. 5, 5, 19:

non excutio te, si quid forte ferri habuisti: non scrutor,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 97.

Trop.

In gen., to shake out or off, force away, etc.:

omnes istorum delicias, omnes ineptias,

to shake off, discard, Cic. Cael. 28, 67:

noli aculeos orationis meae, qui reconditi sunt, excussos arbitrari,

plucked out, removed, id. Sull. 16, 47:

omnia ista nobis studia de manibus excutiuntur,

are torn, wrested from our hands, id. Mur. 14, 30; cf.:

hanc excutere opinionem mihimet volui radicitus,

id. Tusc. 1, 46, 111:

severitatem veterem,

id. Fam. 9, 10, 2; cf.

also: excutient tibi istam verborum jactationem,

id. Sull. 8, 24:

excute corde metum,

remove, banish, Ov. M. 3, 689:

diros amores,

id. ib. 10, 426:

orbem paci excutere,

to banish peace from the world, Luc. 1, 69:

omnis quae erat conceptae mentis intentio mora et interdum iracundia excutitur,

Quint. 10, 3, 20:

quem (Senecam) non equidem omnino conabar excutere,

id. 10, 1, 126:

aliena negotia curo, excussus propriis,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 20:

dummodo risum excutiat sibi,

can raise, produce, id. ib. 1, 4, 35. —

In partic. (acc. to I. B.), to search, examine, inspect, investigate:

explicando excutiendoque verbo,

Cic. Part. Or. 36, 134; cf.: pervulgata atque in manibus jactata et excussa, qs. shaken out, i. e. examined, id. Mur. 12. 26:

illud excutiendum est, ut sciatur quid sit carere,

id. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:

quae fere omnia Cicero in crimine veneficii excutit,

Quint. 5, 7, 37; 12, 8, 13:

totum locum,

id. 5, 7, 6:

aut conjecturā excutiuntur, an vera sint, etc.,

id. 5, 13, 19 et saep.— Hence, excussus, a, um, P. a., stretched out, extended, stiff (post-Aug. and rare):

interest, utrum tela excusso lacerto torqueantur, an remissa manu effluant,

Sen. Ben. 2, 6; so,

lacerto,

Ov. H. 4, 43:

palma excussissima,

Petr. 95.— Adv.: excussē, strongly, violently:

mittere pilam (with rigide, opp. languidius),

Sen. Ben. 2, 17, 4.

saucĭus, a, um, adj., wounded, hurt.

Lit.: omnes saucios Convisit, Att. ap. Non. 398, 4:

multis civibus sauciis,

Varr. ib. 398, 13:

videmus ex acie efferri saepe saucios,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 38; so,

too, in milit. lang.,

Caes. B. G. 3, 4 fin.; 5, 36; id. B. C. 3, 75; 3, 78 al.; cf. humorously: saucius factus sum in Veneris proelio: Sagittā Cupido cor meum transfixit, * Plaut. Pers. 1, 1, 24:

taurus,

Verg. A. 2, 223:

funesto saucia morsu,

Ov. M. 11, 373:

bracchia direptā saucia fecit acu,

id. Am. 1, 14, 18:

gravissimis vulneribus,

Vulg. 2 Macc. 14, 15.—In a Greek construction:

Haemon Corruit ipse suo saucius ense latus,

Prop. 2, 8, 22 (2, 8, b, 6); cf.:

stat saucia pectus,

Tib. 1, 6, 49.—

In the time of Quintilian freq. in prose: jam vulgatum actis quoque saucius pectus,

Quint. 9, 3, 17.—

Transf., in gen., smitten, injured, enfeebled, ill, sick, distempered, etc. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

Of living beings:

gladiatori illi confecto et saucio consules imperatoresque vestros opponite,

Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24.—Of sick persons:

fato saucia (for which previously, affecta),

Prop. 2, 28 (3, 24), 31; cf.:

mulier diutino situ viscerum,

App. Mag. p. 318, 21; cf.

also infra, 2.—Of hungry persons: Belua male saucia,

Sil. 15, 789.—Of intoxicated persons:

quid dicat, nescit saucia Terpsichore,

giddy, reeling, Mart. 3, 68, 6:

Galli hesterno mero saucii,

Just. 24, 8, 1:

saucios per noctem opprimit,

id. 1, 8, 8; App. M. 7, p. 195, 16.—

Of things:

(tellus) rastro intacta nec ullis Saucia vomeribus,

wounded, torn, Ov. M. 1, 102:

securi Saucia trabs ingens,

id. ib. 10, 373; cf.:

(janua) nocturnis potorum saucia rixis,

Prop. 1, 16, 5:

malus celeri saucius Africo,

Hor. C. 1, 14, 5:

glacies incerto saucia sole,

weakened, melted, Ov. M. 2, 808:

alvus lubrico fluxu saucia,

attacked, diseased, App. M. 4, p. 144, 3; cf.

supra, 1.: incaluit quoties saucia vena mero,

excited, Mart. 4, 66, 12; cf. supra, 1. —

Trop., wounded, smitten by love (so most freq., as in all languages); cf. supra, I., the passage from Plautus: Medea animo aegra, amore saevo saucia, Enn. ap. Cic. Cael. 8, 18 (Trag. v. 288 Vahl.; a transl. of Erôti thumon ekplageisa, Eurip. Med. prol. 8):

regina gravi jamdudum saucia curā, Vulnus alit venis,

Verg. A. 4, 1:

mens amore,

Lucr. 4, 1044:

vir Pieriā pellice,

Hor. C. 3, 10, 15:

ipse a nostro igne,

Ov. H. 5, 152:

a quo tua saucia mater,

id. R. Am. 5; Tib. 2, 5, 109.—

In gen., wounded, hurt, offended, injured in any way:

subesse nescio quid opinionis incommodae sauciumque ejus animum insedisse quasdam odiosas suspiciones,

Cic. Att. 1, 17, 1:

Juno saucia dictis,

Stat. Th. 1, 248:

saucius dolore multo,

Prud. Cath. 9, 90: Servilius de repetundis saucius, injured, sullied in character, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 3.—

Post-class. with gen.:

Psyche aegra corporis, animi saucia,

App. M. 4, p. 157:

fatigationis hesternae saucius,

id. ib. 2, p. 121:

clientes famae et salutis saucii,

Aus. Prof. 5, 15.

stĭmŭlus, i, m. [for stig-mulus, from the root stig; Gr. stizô; v. stilus].

A goad for driving cattle, slaves, etc. (class., [p. 1760] esp. in the trop. sense).

Lit.:

jam lora teneo, jam stimulum in manu: Agite equi, etc.,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 112:

parce, puer, stimulis, et fortius utere loris,

Ov. M. 2, 127:

aut stimulo tardos increpuisse boves,

Tib. 1, 1, 30 (12); cf. Ov. M. 14, 647:

ita te forabunt patibulatum per vias Stimulis,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 54:

aliquem stimulo fodere,

id. Curc. 1, 2, 40:

dum te stimulis fodiam,

Cic. Phil. 2, 34, 86:

numquam stimulo lacessat juvencum,

Col. 2, 2, 26.—As a term of abuse of slaves:

stimulorum seges,

Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 6; cf. id. Cas. 2, 8, 11:

stimulorum tritor,

id. Pers. 5, 2, 17.—Prov.:

si stimulos pugnis caedis, manibus plus dolet,

i. e. an evil is aggravated by foolish opposition, Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 55; cf.:

advorsum stimulum calces,

kick against the pricks, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 28.—

Trop., a goad (as in Engl., either that which vexes, irritates, torments, or, more freq., that which spurs on, incites, stimulates).

A sting, torment, pang:

mens sibi conscia factis... adhibet stimulos torretque flagellis,

Lucr. 3, 1019; cf.:

subesse caecum aliquem cordi stimulum,

id. 3, 874:

ne illa stimulum longum habet, quae usque illinc cor pungit meum,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 79:

stimulos doloris contemnere,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 27, 66; cf.:

(res malae) lacerant, vexant, stimulos admovent, etc.,

id. ib. 3, 16, 35:

stimulos in pectore caecos Condidit,

Ov. M. 1, 726.—

A spur, incentive, incitement, stimulus:

animum gloriae stimulis concitare,

Cic. Arch. 11, 29:

quidam industriae ac laboris (with illecebrae libidinum),

id. Cael. 5, 12:

quot stimulos admoverit homini victoriae studioso,

id. Sest. 5, 12; cf.:

defendendi Vatinii,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 19:

omnia pro stimulis facibusque ciboque furoris Accipit,

Ov. M. 6, 480:

ardet, et injusti stimulis agitatur amoris,

id. F. 2, 779:

non hostili modo odio sed amoris etiam stimulis,

Liv. 30, 14, 1:

ad hanc voluntatem ipsius naturae stimulis incitamur,

Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 3:

ad dicendum etiam pudor stimulos habet,

Quint. 10, 7, 16:

agrariae legis tribuniciis stimulis plebs furebat,

Liv. 2, 54; cf.:

acriores quippe aeris alieni stimulos esse,

id. 6, 11:

subdere stimulos animo,

id. 6, 34:

in aliquem stimulis accendi,

Tac. H. 3, 45; cf.:

suis stimulis excitos Moesiae duces,

id. ib. 3, 53:

secundae res acrioribus stimulis animos explorant,

id. ib. 1, 15:

acres Subjectat lasso stimulos,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 94:

stimulos sub pectore vertit Apollo,

Verg. A. 6, 101:

movere acres stimulos irarum,

Luc. 2, 324:

accensae stimulis majoribus irae,

Stat. Th. 11, 497:

dare stimulos laudum,

id. Achill. 1, 203.—

In milit. lang., a pointed stake concealed beneath the surface of the ground, to repel hostile troops (syn.:

sudes, stipes),

Caes. B. G. 7, 73 fin.:

se stimulis induere,

id. ib. 7, 82.