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41 compello
1. com-pello, pulī, pulsum, ere, I) zusammentreiben, omne totius provinciae pecus, Cic.: greges in unum, Verg.: qui dispersos homines in agris et in tectis silvestribus abditos ratione quādam compulit unum in locum et congregavit, Cic. – übtr., qui hosce amores nostros dispulsos conpulit, Plaut. asin. 737 sq.II) beitreiben, eintreiben, nach einem Punkte hintreiben, einem Punkte zutreiben (Ggstz. expellere, propellere, auch intercludere), 1) eig.: a) leb. Wesen u. bewegliche Ggstde.: α) treibend, non cetera solum ex agris, sed pecus quoque omne in urbem, Liv.: pecoris vim ingentem in saltum avium, Liv.: armentum in speluncam, Liv.: agnos in gregem ovium, Varr.: greges ad fontem, Calp.: pecora atque homines ex agris in silvas, Caes.: poet. m. Dat., haedorum gregem hibisco, nach dem Eibisch hintreiben, Verg.: u. m. Ang. womit? virgā horridā imaginem nigro gregi, der schw. H. zutreiben, Hor. – β) verfolgend, drängend wohin treiben, jagen, drängen, sprengen, wohin (zu gehen, zu springen, einzulaufen usw.) nötigen (bes. als milit. t. t.), alqm in plagas (v. Hunden), Plaut.: consules e foro in curiam, Liv.: Atrebates celeriter ex loco superiore in flumen, Caes.: equites hostium essedariosque in silvas collesque, Caes.: perterritos Pompeianos in mare navesque passim, Auct. b. Afr.: naves reliquas in portum, Caes.: Roma-————nos in castra, Liv.: u. (im Bilde) alqm in totam Academiam, Cic.: u. (im Bilde) orationem tantas in angustias et in Stoicorum dumeta, Cic. – tyranni militem ad castra, Liv.: effuso cursu ad castra compelli (v. Reitern), Liv. – adversarios intra moenia, Nep.: Romanos intra vallum, Liv.: Helvios intra oppida ac muros, Caes.: – alqm domum suam (Ggstz. alqm domo suā expellere), Cic.: alqm Dyrrhachium (Ggstz. alqm a Dyrrhachio intercludere), Caes. – alqm domum vi et armis, Cic.: u. im Passiv, Caesar eruptione subitā compulsus in scapham, zu springen genötigt, Suet.: noto compulsus eodem, verschlagen, Verg. – von lebl. Subjj., quā (die) nos declive sub antrum caeruleus subitis compulit imber aquis, Ov.: quos sacramenti metus ad eiusmodi latebras compulerat, Suet.b) lebl. Objj.: α) konkr. Objj.: spiritum (den Luftzug) compellere et in artum agere, Sen.: c. eo lanae paululum, Cels.: utroque mari terram in artas fauces compellente, Curt. – bes. als chirurg. t. t., medicamenta intus, gewaltsam eingeben, Cels.: fistulam in ipsam vesicam, einbringen, Cels.: acum per eam (membranam) in alteram oram, hindurchführen, Cels.: oriculario clystere acetum per plagam in vesicam, einspritzen, Cels.: intestinum intus od. retro, os od. maxillam in sedem suam, zurücktreiben, Cels. – β) eine äußere Tätigkeit wohin treiben, drängen,————spielen, omne Auruncum bellum Pometiam compulsum est, Liv.: eodemque (Arbelam) magnae partis amicorum eius ac militum fugam fortuna compulerat, Curt.2) übtr., jmd. in eine Lage, einen Zustand od. zu einem Vorhaben, Entschlusse, Gefühle usw. drängen, nötigen, a) in eine Lage, in einen Zustand, eo illos compuli, ut neque pedestri itinere neque navibus commeatu iuvari possint, Caes.: hostes eo compulit, ut locorum angustiis clausi plures fame quam ferro interirent, Nep. – dah. prägn., jmd. bedrängen, in die Enge treiben, ceteras nationes conterruit, compulit, domuit, Cic. de prov. cons. 33.b) zu einem Entschlusse, Vorhaben, Gefühle usw. treiben, drängen, nötigen, bestimmen, α) bl. alqm, zB. ut ex magna parte (eum) compellere atque errantem regere posset, Caes. b. c. 3, 57, 3: compulsus a populo regnum suscepit, Iustin.: vocibus consulis, terrore praesentis exercitus, minis amicorum Pompeii plerique compulsi inviti et coacti Scipionis sententiam sequuntur, Caes. – β) alqm m. Ang. wohin? wozu? αα) durch ad od. in mit Akk., alqm ad pacem, Liv.: alqm ad mortem, Quint.: alqm ad mortem voluntariam, Curt.: alqos ad defectionem, Curt.: alqm fame ad deditionem, Suet.: alqm ad confessionem, Suet.: alqm carminibus ad laqueum, Plin.: alqm in eundem metum, Liv.: in hunc sensum et allici beneficiis homi-————num et compelli iniuriis, Cic. – v. lebl. Subjj., si qua res te ad pacem compellet, Liv.: non nos odium regnive cupido compulit ad bellum, Ov. – ββ) durch ut m. Konj., Athenienses compulit, ut festinarent ad opem urbi ferendam, Frontin.: cuius filiam ut repudiaret, nullo metu compelli potuit, Vell. – γγ) durch folg. Infin. (s. Mencken Obss. p. 137 sq.), virum compulit in campestribus locis amoenitatem naturae genere huius operis imitari, Curt.: filias nubere servis suis compellit, Iustin.: et cives et tempus compulerunt regem iussa nefanda pati, Ov.: et ipse Numa hydromantian facere compulsus est, Augustin. de civ. dei 7, 35 in. – ⇒ spätlat. Perf. compulsi, wov. compulseris, Isid. de nat. rer. 30, 1.————————2. com-pello, āvī, ātum, āre (Intens. v. 1. compello), jmd. mit einem Tone gleichsam berühren = jmd. (freundlich oder ernsthaft) ansprechen, anreden, I) im allg.: alqm voce, Enn. fr. u. Verg.: alqm blande, Ov. – u. jmd. beim Namen nennen, anreden, anrufen (s. Fabri Liv. 23, 47, 2), alqm nominatim, Cornif. rhet., od. nomine, Liv. u.a. – II) prägn.: A) jmd. in der Absicht, daß er etw. tue od. bewillige, ansprechen, angehen, alqm talibus dictis, Ov. met. 8, 787. – bes. einer Frau unehrbare Anträge machen, alqam, Hyg. fab. 57: alqam de stupro, Val. Max. 6, 1, 12. – B) jmd. zur Rede setzen od. stellen, 1) übh., jmd. hart anreden, anlassen, laute Vorwürfe machen, ausschelten, schmähen (s. Duker Liv. 34, 2, 8. Fabri Liv. 22, 12, 12), alqm edicto, Cic.: mulieres, Liv.: ne compellarer inultus, Hor. – dah. (bes. mit dopp. Acc.) jmd. mit einem beschimpfenden Namen od. Titel nennen, ihn so u. so schelten, schimpfen, alqm magnā voce cuculum, Hor.: alqm fratricidam impiumque, Nep.: alqm pro cunctatore segnem, Liv.: gladiatores Samnitium nomine, mit dem Spottnamen »Samniter« belegen, Liv. – 2) insbes., als gerichtl. t. t., jmd. vor Gericht zur Rede setzen, ihn anklagen (vgl. Drak. Liv. 43, 2, 11. Manut. Cic. ep. 8, 12, 3. die Auslgg. zu Suet. Caes. 17, 2), iudicem, Cic.: alqm eā lege etc., Cael. in Cic. ep.: alqm hoc crimine in————contione, Nep.Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > compello
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42 constupro
cōn-stupro, āvī, ātum, āre, notzüchtigen, schänden, matronas, virgines, Liv. 29, 17. § 15: nobilem virginem, Curt. 10, 1, 5: prope in parentum gremiis praetextatos liberos, Q. Cic. de pet. 10: adulescentulus mutuā libidine constupratus, Suet. Vit. 12: constupratis vi plerisque, Aur. Vict. Caes. 33, 12. – prägn., iudicium emptum constupratumque, durch Unzucht bestochen, Cic. ad Att. 1, 18, 3.Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > constupro
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43 gravido
1. gravido, āvī, ātum, āre (gravidus), schwängern, alqam probro (= stupro), Caecil. com. 223: gravidari ex alqo, Aur. Vict. epit. 14, 8: ea crassitudo aquarum fetu gravidatur, Apul. de mund. 9 G. – übtr., terra gravidata seminibus, geschwängert, befruchtet, Cic. de nat. deor. 2, 83.————————2. gravīdo, s. gravedo ⇒. -
44 illigo
il-ligo, āvī, ātum, āre (in u. ligo), anbinden, I) im engern Sinne: a) eig.: malos antennasque validis funibus, Liv.: litteras in iaculo, Caes.: aratra iuvencis, Hor.: clitellas oneribus, Liv.: vivos mortuis, Capit.: manus post tergum, Liv.: duabus admotis quadrigis in currus earum distentum illigat Mettium, Liv. – b) übtr.: α) binden = verbindlich machen, an sich ketten, alqm pignoribus, Cic.: alqm conscientiā, Tac.: alqm stupro, Tac.: sociali foedere se cum Romanis, Liv. – β) an gewisse Bedingungen knüpfen, non iis condicionibus illigabitur pax, (rex) ut movere bellum possit, Liv. 33, 12. § 13 H. – II) im weitern Sinne: A) an od. in etw. fügen, anbringen, befestigen, a) eig.: crustas in aureis poculis, Cic. Verr. 4, 54: cymbia argentea aureis crustis, ICt. – b) übtr.: sententiam verbis, Cic.: omnes lepores in oratione, Cic.: paeana in solutam orationem, Cic. – B) mit dem Nbbgr. der gehemmten freien Bewegung = verwickeln, verstricken, a) eig.: se locis impeditis, sich der freien Bewegung berauben, Tac.: illigatus praedā, beladen, Tac. – b) übtr.: alqm lento veneno, unschädlich machen, Tac.: illigari Romano bello, Liv., bello externo, Tac.: sermonibus eiusmodi nolle personas tam graves illigari, Cic.: ita sunt angustis et concisis disputationibus illigati, haben sich verstrickt, verfangen, Cic.: illigatus peste interimor textili, Cic. poët. -
45 maculo
maculo, āvī, ātum, āre (macula), I) gefleckt-, bunt machen, Val. Flacc. 4, 368; 6, 704. – II) insbes., im üblen Sinne, 1) tr. fleckig machen, beflecken, durch Flecke besudeln, a) eig.: viden tu illi maculari corpus maculis luridis, Plaut.: recente terrae sola sanguine maculans, Catull.: exiguo maculavit sanguine ferrum, Ov.: candor corporum magis sanguine atro maculabatur, Liv.: terram tabe maculant, Verg.: castra sunt cruenta et maculata, blutbefleckt u. mordbesudelt, Tac. – b) übtr., beflecken, besudeln, entehren, famam maculari dehonestarique, Liv.: mac. sacra loca stupro, Cic.: belli gloriam morte turpi, Nep.: partus suos parricidio, Liv. – 2) intr. fleckig sein, neque non obsoleta quoque et maculantia ex sordidiore vulgi usu ponit, veraltete u. verrostete Wörter, Gell. 16, 7, 4. -
46 mancipo
mancipo u. mancupo, āvī, ātum, āre (manus. u. capio), mit der Hand ergreifen od. ergreifen lassen, I) im allg. = fangen, alcem, Solin. 20, 7. – II) insbes., als jurist. t. t., förmlich zum Eigentume übergeben od. überlassen, zu eigen geben, alienos, verkaufen, Plaut.: agrum actori, durch einen Scheinkauf, Plin.: servos actori publico, Tac.: quaedam mancipat usus, Hor. – übtr., corpus mero et stupro, Apul.: saginae mancipatus, Tac.: vitiis mancipatus, Lact.: et scient singuli, cui debeant oneri mancipari, Vulg. num. 4, 27. -
47 masturbor
Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > masturbor
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48 obstringo
obstringo, strīnxī, strictum, ere, I) vorn od. von oben her zuziehen, -zuschnüren, -zubinden, A) eig. u. übtr.: 1) eig.: collum suum laqueo, Plaut.: Amphitruonem collo hic obstricto traham, bei der Gurgel (fassend) schleppe fort, Plaut.: vinculi genus ad insitionem non unum est; alii viminibus obstringunt etc., Colum. – 2) übtr.: a) eingeschlossen halten, ventos, Hor. carm. 1, 3, 4. – b) zusammenhalten, purpurea vestis ingentibus obstricta gemmis (Spangen), Flor. 4, 11, 3. – B) bildl., 1) an eine Verpflichtung streng binden, fesseln = verbindlich machen, verpflichten, sich verpflichten, a) pers. Objj.: alqm legibus, Cic.: foedere, Cic.: officiis, Cic.: alqm beneficio obstrictum habere, Caes.: beneficio obstrictus, Cic. – alqm conscientiā, sich jmd. (jmds. Treue) durch Mitwissenschaft versichern, Tac. hist. 4, 55. – refl., se alii matrimonio, sich zu einer anderen Ehe verpflichten, Tac. – absol., obstringere iureiurando = »eidlich versichern«, m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., Caes. b.G. 1, 31, 7. Tac. ann. 1, 14 u. 4, 31: ebenso obstringi gentili religione m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., Tac. ann. 12, 34. – b) sächl. Objj.: ut fides regis beneficio aliquo obstringeretur, man sich der Treue des Königs durch einen Dienst versichere, Iustin.: alci fidem suam, sein Wort verpfänden, Plin. ep.: u. so fidem suam in alqa re, Plin.: sub ea tamen condicione, ne————cui meam fidem obstringam (mich gegen keinen verbindlich mache = keinem ein sicheres Versprechen gebe). Omnia enim libera parentibus servo, Plin. ep. – clementiam suam obstringens crebris orationibus, seine Milde verbürgend, Tac. – 2) in ein übles Verhältnis verwickeln, verstricken, α) m. Abl.: amicos aere alieno, in Schulden verwickeln, -setzen, Brut. in Cic. ep. (u. so obstricti aere alieno, Liv. epit.): nullā mendacii religione obstrictus, ohne sein Gewissen mit einer Lüge zu belasten, Caes.: obstringi conscientiā tanti facinoris, mit dem Bewußtsein eines so großen Frevels belastet werden, Liv. 4, 17, 5: alqm nefario scelere, in eine Freveltat verstricken, -verwickeln, Caes.: alqm pecuniā et stupro in omne flagitium, Tac. – refl., se scelere, se parricidio, sich schuldig machen, Cic. – β) medial m. Dat. = sich schuldig machen, eidem sceleri obstrictus est, Lact. 3, 18, 6. – γ) medial m. Genet. = sich schuldig machen, obstringi furti, Masur. Sabin. ICt. bei Gell. 11, 18, 21. – II) vor etw. vorbinden, follem ob gulam, Plaut. aul. 302: tauros valido aratro, vorspannen, Val. Flacc. 7 602.Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > obstringo
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49 obstupro
ob-stupro, ātus, āre, schänden, Lampr. Comm. 3. § 4.Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > obstupro
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50 polluo
polluo, uī, ūtum, ere (por [= pro] u. luo), besudeln, verunreinigen, I) eig.: ore dapes, Verg.: ora cruore, Ov.: polluti et aspersi maculis, Lact. – II) übtr., besudeln = verletzen, entehren, entheiligen, bes. von religiösen Dingen, die entweiht und durch eine Schandtat entwürdigt werden, caerimonias stupro, Cic.: iura scelere, Cic.: paelicem regiam, schänden, Tac.: Iovem, verletzen, Prop.: formam auro, entehren, Tibull.: ieiunium, ieiunia, verletzen, brechen, Fronto u. Nigid. fr.: polluta sacra, Cic. – ⇒ Depon. Nbf. polluor, wov. pollūtus m. Akk., Lampr. Commod. 11, 6 (wo deorum templa pollutus stupris et humano sanguine). -
51 stuprator
Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > stuprator
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52 cognoscere
1) узнавать: cognita rei veritate (1. 10 D. 5, 1. 1. 11 D. 44, 1);2) познавать (1. 44 pr. D. 11, 7). 3) производить следствие, разбирательство по гражданским делам, а) разбирать, решать спорное дело а) со стороны судьи, напр. (judex familiae hercisc. cognoscens (1. 35 pr. D. 28, 5);cognita actione, qua conveniatur (1. 1 pr. D. 2, 13).
de finibus oognoscens (1. 8 § 1 D. 10, 1): judex, qui tutelae cognoscit (I. 2 pr. D. 27, 2);
qui de dote cognoscit (1. 27 § 5 D. 6, 1); (1. 17 § 4 D. 39, 2); (I. 3 § 5 D. 37, 5);
ex actione cognosc. (1. 4 § 1 D. 13, 4);
summatim cognoscere (1. 3 § 9 D. 10, 4); (1. 5 § 1D. 34, 9); р) или высших сановников (magistratus);
ipse cognoscere, противоп. judicem dare (1. 8. 10. 19 § 1. 1. 21 D. 1, 18);
causa cognita judicium dare (1 11 D. 2, 4. 1. 28 § 4 D. 5, 1); (1. 2 § 6 eod.);
excusare (1. 9 § 4 D. 4, 8);
c. cogn. Praetor vel Praeses permittat (1. 2 § 1 D. 1, 21): c. cogn. a. Praetore temperandum (1. 13. 43 § 6 D. 3, 3);
c. c. arrogatio permittitur (§ 3 J. 1, 11); 7) или со стороны императора: quodcunque Imperator cognoscens decrevit (1. 1 § 1 D. 1, 4);
4) признавать (1. 56 pr. D. 50, 16). 5) одобрять, дозволять: sine causa legibus cognita inservos suos saevire (1. 1 § 2 D. 1, 6). 6) stupro cognoscere, иметь связь с женщиною, совепшать прелюбодеяние (1. 14 D. 34, 9. 1. 22 C. 9, 9).b) произвести следствие по уголовному делу (1. 1 § 3. 10 D. 48, 16. 1. 1 § 17 D. 48, 18).
Латинско-русский словарь к источникам римского права > cognoscere
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53 maculō
maculō āvī, ātus, āre [macula], to spot, stain, defile, pollute: terram tabo, V.: sanguine rupem, O.: solum sanguine, Ct.—Fig., to defile, dishonor: rem p.: parricidio partūs suos, L.: nemora stupro: tuum crimine nomen, V.* * *maculare, maculavi, maculatus Vspot; pollute; dishonor, taint -
54 polluō
polluō uī, ūtus, ere [pro+luo], to soil, defile, stain, foul, pollute: ore dapes, V.: ora cruore, O. —Fig., to defile, pollute, contaminate, violate, dishonor, desecrate: iura scelere: stupro religionis: Iovem, Pr.: tragico pollutus concubitu, Iu.: polluta pax, V.* * *polluere, pollui, pollutus V TRANSsoil/foul/dirty/stain/pollute; infect (w/disease); make impure; break (fast); violate; dishonor/defile/degrade (w/illicit sexual conduct/immoral actions) -
55 sānctus
sānctus adj. with comp. and sup. [P. of sancio], consecrated, established as inviolable, sacred, inviolable: campus: tribuni (plebis) sancti sunto: fides induciarum, L.: ius: (litterae) in aerario sanctiore conditae, i. e. in the special treasury, reserved for extreme necessity: hospites sanctos habent, Cs.: uxor, Ph.— Venerable, august, divine, sacred, pure, holy: sanctis Penatium deorum sedibus: polluerat stupro sanctissimas religiones: sanctior dies, H.: ignes (of a sacrifice), V.: amicitiae nomen, O.: pudicitia, L.— Pure, good, innocent, pious, holy, just, conscientious, upright: illo nemo in civitate sanctior: homines sanctissimi: sanctissimus et iustissimus iudex: sanctius consilium, L.: senatus, V.: amores, chaste: Virgines, H.: id, quod mihi est et sanctius et antiquius.* * *Isancta -um, sanctior -or -us, sanctissimus -a -um ADJconsecrated, sacred, inviolable; venerable, august, divine, holy, pious, justII -
56 ad
ad, prep. with acc. (from the fourth century after Christ written also at; Etrusc. suf. -a; Osc. az; Umbr. and Old Lat. ar, as [p. 27] in Eug. Tab., in S. C. de Bacch., as arveho for adveho; arfuerunt, arfuisse, for adfuerunt, etc.; arbiter for adbiter; so, ar me advenias, Plant. Truc. 2, 2, 17; cf. Prisc. 559 P.; Vel. Long. 2232 P.; Fabretti, Glos. Ital. col. 5) [cf. Sanscr. adhi; Goth. and Eng. at; Celt. pref. ar, as armor, i.e. ad mare; Rom. a].I.As antith. to ab (as in to ex), in a progressive order of relation, ad denotes, first, the direction toward an object; then the reaching of or attaining to it; and finally, the being at or near it.A.In space.1.Direction toward, to, toward, and first,a.Horizontally:b.fugere ad puppim colles campique videntur,
the hills and fields appear to fly toward the ship, Lucr. 4, 390: meridie umbrae cadunt ad septentrionem, ortu vero ad occasum, to or toward the north and west, Plin. 2, 13, and so often of the geog. position of a place in reference to the points of compass, with the verbs jacere, vergere, spectare, etc.:Asia jacet ad meridiem et austrum, Europa ad septentriones et aquiionem,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 31 Mull.;and in Plin. very freq.: Creta ad austrum... ad septentrionem versa, 4, 20: ad Atticam vergente, 4, 21 al.—Also trop.: animus alius ad alia vitia propensior,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 81.—In a direction upwards (esp. in the poets, very freq.): manusque sursum ad caelum sustulit, Naev. ap. Non. 116, 30 (B. Pun. p. 13, ed. Vahl.): manus ad caeli templa tendebam lacrimans, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 50 ed. Vahl.); cf.:c.duplices tendens ad sidera palmas,
Verg. A. 1, 93: molem ex profundo saxeam ad caelum vomit, Att. ap. Prisc. 1325 P.: clamor ad caelum volvendus, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 104 Mull. (Ann. v. 520 ed. Vahl.) (cf. with this: tollitur in caelum clamor, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, or Ann. v. 422):ad caelumque ferat flammai fulgura rursum, of Aetna,
Lucr. 1, 725; cf. id. 2, 191; 2, 325: sidera sola micant;ad quae sua bracchia tendens, etc.,
Ov. M. 7, 188:altitudo pertingit ad caelum,
Vulg. Dan. 4, 17.—Also in the direction downwards (for the usu. in):2.tardiore semper ad terras omnium quae geruntur in caelo effectu cadente quam visu,
Plin. 2, 97, 99, § 216.The point or goal at which any thing arrives.a.Without reference to the space traversed in passing, to, toward (the most common use of this prep.): cum stupro redire ad suos popularis, Naev. ap. Fest. p. 317 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 14 ed. Vahl.):(α).ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videatur potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,
Cic. Lael. 3, 12: ad terras decidat aether, Lucan. 2, 58. —Hence,With verbs which designate going, coming, moving, bearing, bringing near, adapting, taking, receiving, calling, exciting, admonishing, etc., when the verb is compounded with ad the prep. is not always repeated, but the constr. with the dat. or acc. employed; cf. Rudd. II. pp. 154, 175 n. (In the ante-class. per., and even in Cic., ad is generally repeated with most verbs, as, ad eos accedit, Cic. Sex. Rosc. 8:(β).ad Sullam adire,
id. ib. 25:ad se adferre,
id. Verr. 4, 50:reticulum ad naris sibi admovebat,
id. ib. 5, 27:ad laborem adhortantur,
id. de Sen. 14:T. Vectium ad se arcessit,
id. Verr. 5, 114; but the poets of the Aug. per., and the historians, esp. Tac., prefer the dative; also, when the compound verb contains merely the idea of approach, the constr. with ad and the acc. is employed; but when it designates increase, that with the dat. is more usual: accedit ad urbem, he approaches the city; but, accedit provinciae, it is added to the province.)—Ad me, te, se, for domum meam, tuam, suam (in Plaut. and Ter. very freq.):(γ).oratus sum venire ad te huc,
Plaut. Mil. 5, 1, 12: spectatores plaudite atque ite ad vos comissatum, id. Stich. fin.:eamus ad me,
Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64:ancillas traduce huc ad vos,
id. Heaut. 4, 4, 22:transeundumst tibi ad Menedemum,
id. 4, 4, 17: intro nos vocat ad sese, tenet intus apud se, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 86 P.:te oro, ut ad me Vibonem statim venias,
Cic. Att. 3, 3; 16, 10 al.—Ad, with the name of a deity in the gen., is elliptical for ad templum or aedem (cf.:(δ).Thespiadas, quae ad aedem Felicitatis sunt,
Cic. Verr. 4, 4; id. Phil. 2, 35:in aedem Veneris,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 120;in aedem Concordiae,
Cic. Cat. 3, 9, 21;2, 6, 12): ad Dianae,
to the temple of, Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 43:ad Opis,
Cic. Att. 8, 1, 14:ad Castoris,
id. Quint. 17:ad Juturnae,
id. Clu. 101:ad Vestae,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 35 al.: cf. Rudd. II. p. 41, n. 4, and p. 334.—With verbs which denote a giving, sending, informing, submitting, etc., it is used for the simple dat. (Rudd. II. p. 175): litteras dare ad aliquem, to send or write one a letter; and: litteras dare alicui, to give a letter to one; hence Cic. never says, like Caesar and Sall., alicui scribere, which strictly means, to write for one (as a receipt, etc.), but always mittere, scribere, perscribere ad aliquem:(ε).postea ad pistores dabo,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 119:praecipe quae ad patrem vis nuntiari,
id. Capt. 2, 2, 109:in servitutem pauperem ad divitem dare,
Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 48:nam ad me Publ. Valerius scripsit,
Cic. Fam. 14, 2 med.:de meis rebus ad Lollium perscripsi,
id. ib. 5, 3:velim domum ad te scribas, ut mihi tui libri pateant,
id. Att. 4, 14; cf. id. ib. 4, 16:ad primam (sc. epistulam) tibi hoc scribo,
in answer to your first, id. ib. 3, 15, 2:ad Q. Fulvium Cons. Hirpini et Lucani dediderunt sese,
Liv. 27, 15, 1; cf. id. 28, 22, 5.—Hence the phrase: mittere or scribere librum ad aliquem, to dedicate a book to one (Greek, prosphônein):has res ad te scriptas, Luci, misimus, Aeli,
Lucil. Sat. 1, ap. Auct. Her. 4, 12:quae institueram, ad te mittam,
Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5: ego interea admonitu tuo perfeci sane argutulos libros ad Varronem;and soon after: mihi explices velim, maneasne in sententia, ut mittam ad eum quae scripsi,
Cic. Att. 13, 18; cf. ib. 16; Plin. 1, 19.—So in titles of books: M. Tullii Ciceronis ad Marcum Brutum Orator; M. T. Cic. ad Q. Fratrem Dialogi tres de Oratore, etc.—In the titles of odes and epigrams ad aliquem signifies to, addressed to. —With names of towns after verbs of motion, ad is used in answer to the question Whither? instead of the simple acc.; but commonly with this difference, that ad denotes to the vicinity of, the neighborhood of:(ζ).miles ad Capuam profectus sum, quintoque anno post ad Tarentum,
Cic. de Sen. 4, 10; id. Fam. 3, 81:ad Veios,
Liv. 5, 19; 14, 18; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 7; id. B. C. 3, 40 al.—Ad is regularly used when the proper name has an appellative in apposition to it:ad Cirtam oppidum iter constituunt,
Sall. J. 81, 2; so Curt. 3, 1, 22; 4, 9, 9;or when it is joined with usque,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 87; id. Deiot, 7, 19.— (When an adjective is added, the simple acc. is used poet., as well as with ad:magnum iter ad doctas proficisci cogor Athenas,
Prop. 3, 21, 1; the simple acc., Ov. H. 2, 83: doctas jam nunc eat, inquit, Athenas).—With verbs which imply a hostile movement toward, or protection in respect to any thing, against = adversus:(η).nonne ad senem aliquam fabricam fingit?
Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 34:Lernaeas pugnet ad hydras,
Prop. 3, 19, 9: neque quo pacto fallam, nec quem dolum ad eum aut machinam commoliar, old poet in Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 73:Belgarum copias ad se venire vidit,
Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 7, 70:ipse ad hostem vehitur,
Nep. Dat. 4, 5; id. Dion. 5, 4: Romulus ad regem impetus facit (a phrase in which in is commonly found), Liv. 1, 5, 7, and 44, 3, 10:aliquem ad hostem ducere,
Tac. A. 2, 52:clipeos ad tela protecti obiciunt,
Verg. A. 2, 443:munio me ad haec tempora,
Cic. Fam. 9, 18:ad hos omnes casus provisa erant praesidia,
Caes. B. G. 7, 65; 7, 41;so with nouns: medicamentum ad aquam intercutem,
Cic. Off. 3, 24:remedium ad tertianam,
Petr. Sat. 18:munimen ad imbris,
Verg. G. 2, 352:farina cum melle ad tussim siccam efficasissima est,
Plin. 20, 22, 89, § 243:ad muliebre ingenium efficaces preces,
Liv. 1, 9; 1, 19 (in these two passages ad may have the force of apud, Hand).—The repetition of ad to denote the direction to a place and to a person present in it is rare:b.nunc tu abi ad forum ad herum,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 100; cf.:vocatis classico ad concilium militibus ad tribunos,
Liv. 5 47.—(The distinction between ad and in is given by Diom. 409 P., thus: in forum ire est in ipsum forum intrare; ad forum autem ire, in locum foro proximum; ut in tribunal et ad tribunal venire non unum est; quia ad tribunal venit litigator, in tribunal vero praetor aut judex; cf. also Sen. Ep. 73, 14, deus ad homines venit, immo, quod propius est, in homines venit.)—The terminus, with ref. to the space traversed, to, even to, with or without usque, Quint. 10, 7, 16: ingurgitavit usque ad imum gutturem, Naev. ap. Non. 207, 20 (Rib. Com. Rel. p. 30): dictator pervehitur usque ad oppidum, Naev. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 153 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 16 ed. Vahl.):3.via pejor ad usque Baii moenia,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 96; 1, 1, 97:rigidum permanat frigus ad ossa,
Lucr. 1, 355; 1, 969:cum sudor ad imos Manaret talos,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 10:ut quantum posset, agmen ad mare extenderet,
Curt. 3, 9, 10:laeva pars ad pectus est nuda,
id. 6, 5, 27 al. —Hence the Plinian expression, petere aliquid (usque) ad aliquem, to seek something everywhere, even with one:ut ad Aethiopas usque peteretur,
Plin. 36, 6, 9, § 51 (where Jan now reads ab Aethiopia); so,vestis ad Seras peti,
id. 12, 1, 1.— Trop.:si quid poscam, usque ad ravim poscam,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 10:deverberasse usque ad necem,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 13;without usque: hic ad incitas redactus,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 136; 4, 2, 52; id. Poen. 4, 2, 85; illud ad incitas cum redit atque internecionem, Lucil. ap. Non. 123, 20:virgis ad necem caedi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 29, § 70; so Hor. S. 1, 2, 42; Liv. 24, 38, 9; Tac. A. 11, 37; Suet. Ner. 26; id. Dom. 8 al.Nearness or proximity in gen. = apud, near to, by, at, close by (in anteclass. per. very freq.; not rare later, esp. in the historians): pendent peniculamenta unum ad quemque pedum, trains are suspended at each foot, Enn. ap. Non. 149, 33 (Ann. v. 363 ed. Vahl.):B.ut in servitute hic ad suum maneat patrem,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 98;3, 5, 41: sol quasi flagitator astat usque ad ostium,
stands like a creditor continually at the door, id. Most. 3, 2, 81 (cf. with same force, Att. ap. Non. 522, 25;apud ipsum astas): ad foris adsistere,
Cic. Verr. 1, 66; id. Arch. 24:astiterunt ad januam,
Vulg. Act. 10, 17:non adest ad exercitum,
Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 6; cf. ib. prol. 133:aderant ad spectaculum istud,
Vulg. Luc. 23, 48: has (testas) e fenestris in caput Deiciunt, qui prope ad ostium adspiraverunt, Lucil. ap. Non. 288, 31:et nec opinanti Mors ad caput adstitit,
Lucr. 3, 959:quod Romanis ad manum domi supplementum esset,
at hand, Liv. 9, 19, 6:haec arma habere ad manum,
Quint. 12, 5, 1:dominum esse ad villam,
Cic. Sull. 20; so id. Verr. 2, 21:errantem ad flumina,
Verg. E. 6, 64; Tib. 1, 10, 38; Plin. 7, 2, § 12; Vitr. 7, 14; 7, 12; and ellipt. (cf. supra, 2. g):pecunia utinam ad Opis maneret!
Cic. Phil. 1, 17.—Even of persons:qui primum pilum ad Caesarem duxerat (for apud),
Caes. B. G. 6, 38; so id. ib. 1, 31; 3, 9; 5, 53; 7, 5; id. B. C. 3, 60:ad inferos poenas parricidii luent,
among, Cic. Phil. 14, 13:neque segnius ad hostes bellum apparatur,
Liv. 7, 7, 4: pugna ad Trebiam, ad Trasimenum, ad Cannas, etc., for which Liv. also uses the gen.:si Trasimeni quam Trebiae, si Cannarum quam Trasimeni pugna nobilior esset, 23, 43, 4.—Sometimes used to form the name of a place, although written separately, e. g. ad Murcim,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 154:villa ad Gallinas, a villa on the Flaminian Way,
Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 37: ad urbem esse (of generals), to remain outside the city (Rome) until permission was given for a triumph:“Esse ad urbem dicebantur, qui cum potestate provinciali aut nuper e provincia revertissent, aut nondum in provinciam profecti essent... solebant autem, qui ob res in provincia gestas triumphum peterent, extra urbem exspectare, donec, lege lata, triumphantes urbem introire possent,”
Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 3, 8.—So sometimes with names of towns and verbs of rest:pons, qui erat ad Genavam,
Caes. B. G. 1, 7:ad Tibur mortem patri minatus est,
Cic. Phil. 6, 4, 10:conchas ad Caietam legunt,
id. Or. 2, 6:ad forum esse,
to be at the market, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 136; id. Most. 3, 2, 158; cf. Ter. Ph. 4, 2, 8; id. And. 1, 5, 19.—Hence, adverb., ad dextram (sc. manum, partem), ad laevam, ad sinistram, to the right, to the left, or on the right, on the left:ad dextram,
Att. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 225; Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 1; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 44; Cic. Univ. 13; Caes. B. C. 1, 69:ad laevam,
Enn. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 51; Att. ib. p. 217: ad sinistram, Ter. [p. 28] Ad. 4, 2, 43 al.:ad dextram... ad laevam,
Liv. 40, 6;and with an ordinal number: cum plebes ad tertium milliarium consedisset,
at the third milestone, Cic. Brut. 14, 54, esp. freq. with lapis:sepultus ad quintum lapidem,
Nep. Att. 22, 4; so Liv. 3, 69 al.; Tac. H. 3, 18; 4, 60 (with apud, Ann. 1, 45; 3, 45; 15, 60) al.; cf. Rudd. II. p. 287.In time, analogous to the relations given in A.1.Direction toward, i. e. approach to a definite point of time, about, toward:2.domum reductus ad vesperum,
toward evening, Cic. Lael. 3, 12:cum ad hiemem me ex Cilicia recepissem,
toward winter, id. Fam. 3, 7.—The limit or boundary to which a space of time extends, with and without usque, till, until, to, even to, up to:3.ego ad illud frugi usque et probus fui,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 53:philosophia jacuit usque ad hanc aetatem,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. de Sen. 14:quid si hic manebo potius ad meridiem,
Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 55; so id. Men. 5, 7, 33; id. Ps. 1, 5, 116; id. As. 2, 1, 5:ad multam noctem,
Cic. de Sen. 14:Sophocles ad summam senectutem tragoedias fecit,
id. ib. 2; cf. id. Rep. 1, 1:Alexandream se proficisci velle dixit (Aratus) remque integram ad reditum suum jussit esse,
id. Off. 2, 23, 82:bestiae ex se natos amant ad quoddam tempus,
id. Lael. 8; so id. de Sen. 6; id. Somn. Sc. 1 al. —And with ab or ab-usque, to desig. the whole period of time passed away:ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,
Cic. Att. 7, 8:usque ab aurora ad hoc diei,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 8.—Coincidence with a point of time, at, on, in, by:C.praesto fuit ad horam destinatam,
at the appointed hour, Cic. Tusc. 5, 22:admonuit ut pecuniam ad diem solverent,
on the day of payment, id. Att. 16, 16 A:nostra ad diem dictam fient,
id. Fam. 16, 10, 4; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 5: ad lucem denique arte et graviter dormitare coepisse, at (not toward) daybreak, id. Div. 1, 28, 59; so id. Att. 1, 3, 2; 1, 4, 3; id. Fin. 2, 31, 103; id. Brut. 97, 313:ad id tempus,
Caes. B. C. 1, 24; Sall. J. 70, 5; Tac. A. 15, 60; Suet. Aug. 87; Domit. 17, 21 al.The relations of number.1.An approximation to a sum designated, near, near to, almost, about, toward (cf. Gr. epi, pros with acc. and the Fr. pres de, a peu pres, presque) = circiter (Hand, Turs. I. p. 102):2.ad quadraginta eam posse emi minas,
Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 111:nummorum Philippum ad tria milia,
id. Trin. 1, 2, 115; sometimes with quasi added:quasi ad quadraginta minas,
as it were about, id. Most. 3, 1, 95; so Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 93:sane frequentes fuimus omnino ad ducentos,
Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1:cum annos ad quadraginta natus esset,
id. Clu. 40, 110:ad hominum milia decem,
Caes. B. G. 1, 4:oppida numero ad duodecim, vicos ad quadringentos,
id. ib. 1, 5.—In the histt. and post-Aug. authors ad is added adverbially in this sense (contrary to Gr. usage, by which amphi, peri, and eis with numerals retain their power as prepositions): ad binum milium numero utrinque sauciis factis, Sisenn. ap. Non. 80, 4:occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor,
Caes. B. G. 2, 33:ad duorum milium numero ceciderunt,
id. B. C. 3, 53:ad duo milia et trecenti occisi,
Liv. 10, 17, 8; so id. 27, 12, 16; Suet. Caes. 20; cf. Rudd. II. p. 334.—The terminus, the limit, to, unto, even to, a designated number (rare):D.ranam luridam conicere in aquam usque quo ad tertiam partem decoxeris,
Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 26; cf. App. Herb. 41:aedem Junonis ad partem dimidiam detegit,
even to the half, Liv. 42, 3, 2:miles (viaticum) ad assem perdiderat,
to a farthing, to the last farthing, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 27; Plin. Ep. 1, 15:quid ad denarium solveretur,
Cic. Quint. 4.—The phrase omnes ad unum or ad unum omnes, or simply ad unum, means lit. all to one, i. e. all together, all without exception; Gr. hoi kath hena pantes (therefore the gender of unum is changed according to that of omnes): praetor omnes extra castra, ut stercus, foras ejecit ad unum, Lucil. ap. Non. 394, 22:de amicitia omnes ad unum idem sentiunt,
Cic. Lael. 23:ad unum omnes cum ipso duce occisi sunt,
Curt. 4, 1, 22 al.:naves Rhodias afflixit ita, ut ad unam omnes constratae eliderentur,
Caes. B. C. 3, 27; onerariae omnes ad unam a nobis sunt exceptae, Cic. Fam. 12, 14 (cf. in Gr. hoi kath hena; in Hebr., Exod. 14, 28).— Ad unum without omnes:ego eam sententiam dixi, cui sunt assensi ad unum,
Cic. Fam. 10, 16:Juppiter omnipotens si nondum exosus ad unum Trojanos,
Verg. A. 5, 687.In the manifold relations of one object to another.1.That in respect of or in regard to which a thing avails, happens, or is true or important, with regard to, in respect of, in relation to, as to, to, in.a.With verbs:b.ad omnia alia aetate sapimus rectius,
in respect to all other things we grow wiser by age, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 45:numquam ita quisquam bene ad vitam fuat,
id. ib. 5, 4, 1:nil ibi libatum de toto corpore (mortui) cernas ad speciem, nil ad pondus,
that nothing is lost in form or weight, Lucr. 3, 214; cf. id. 5, 570; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 58; id. Mur. 13, 29: illi regi Cyro subest, ad immutandi animi licentiam, crudelissimus ille Phalaris, in that Cyrus, in regard to the liberty of changing his disposition (i. e. not in reality, but inasmuch as he is at liberty to lay aside his good character, and assume that of a tyrant), there is concealed another cruel Phalaris, Cic. Rep. 1, 28:nil est ad nos,
is nothing to us, concerns us not, Lucr. 3, 830; 3, 845:nil ad me attinet,
Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 54:nihil ad rem pertinet,
Cic. Caecin. 58;and in the same sense elliptically: nihil ad Epicurum,
id. Fin. 1, 2, 5; id. Pis. 68:Quid ad praetorem?
id. Verr. 1, 116 (this usage is not to be confounded with that under 4.).—With adjectives:c.ad has res perspicax,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:virum ad cetera egregium,
Liv. 37, 7, 15:auxiliaribus ad pugnam non multum Crassus confidebat,
Caes. B. G. 3, 25:ejus frater aliquantum ad rem est avidior,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51; cf. id. And. 1, 2, 21; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:ut sit potior, qui prior ad dandum est,
id. Phorm. 3, 2, 48:difficilis (res) ad credendum,
Lucr. 2, 1027:ad rationem sollertiamque praestantior,
Cic. N. D. 2, 62; so id. Leg. 2, 13, 33; id. Fin. 2, 20, 63; id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; id. Font. 15; id. Cat. 1, 5, 12; id. de Or. 1, 25, 113; 1, 32, 146; 2, 49, 200; id. Fam. 3, 1, 1; Liv. 9, 16, 13; Tac. A. 12, 54 al.—With nouns:d.prius quam tuum, ut sese habeat, animum ad nuptias perspexerit,
before he knew your feeling in regard to the marriage, Ter. And. 2, 3, 4 (cf. Gr. hopôs echei tis pros ti):mentis ad omnia caecitas,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 11:magna vis est fortunae in utramque partem vel ad secundas res vel ad adversas,
id. Off. 2, 6; so id. Par. 1:ad cetera paene gemelli,
Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 3.—So with acc. of gerund instead of the gen. from the same vb.:facultas ad scribendum, instead of scribendi,
Cic. Font. 6;facultas ad agendum,
id. de Imp. Pomp. 1, 2: cf. Rudd. II. p. 245.—In gramm.: nomina ad aliquid dicta, nouns used in relation to something, i. e. which derive their significance from their relation to another object: quae non possunt intellegi sola, ut pater, mater;2.jungunt enim sibi et illa propter quae intelleguntur,
Charis. 129 P.; cf. Prisc. 580 ib.—With words denoting measure, weight, manner, model, rule, etc., both prop. and fig., according to, agreeably to, after (Gr. kata, pros):3.columnas ad perpendiculum exigere,
Cic. Mur. 77:taleis ferreis ad certum pondus examinatis,
Caes. B. G. 5, 12: facta sunt ad certam formam. Lucr. 2, 379:ad amussim non est numerus,
Varr. 2, 1, 26:ad imaginem facere,
Vulg. Gen. 1, 26:ad cursus lunae describit annum,
Liv. 1, 19:omnia ad diem facta sunt,
Caes. B. G. 2, 5:Id ad similitudinem panis efficiebant,
id. B. C. 3, 48; Vulg. Gen. 1, 26; id. Jac. 3, 9:ad aequos flexus,
at equal angles, Lucr. 4, 323: quasi ad tornum levantur, to or by the lathe, id. 4, 361:turres ad altitudiem valli,
Caes. B. G. 5, 42; Liv. 39, 6:ad eandem crassitudinem structi,
id. 44, 11:ad speciem cancellorum scenicorum,
with the appearance of, like, Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 8:stagnum maris instar, circumseptum aedificiis ad urbium speciem,
Suet. Ner. 31:lascivum pecus ludens ad cantum,
Liv. Andron. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 1:canere ad tibiam,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 2: canere ad tibicinem, id. ib. 1, 2 (cf.:in numerum ludere,
Verg. E. 6, 28; id. G. 4, 175):quod ad Aristophanis lucernam lucubravi,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 9 Mull.: carmen castigare ad unguem, to perfection (v. unguis), Hor. A. P. 294:ad unguem factus homo,
a perfect gentleman, id. S. 1, 5, 32 (cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 86):ad istorum normam sapientes,
Cic. Lael. 5, 18; id. Mur. 3:Cyrus non ad historiae fidem scriptus, sed ad effigiem justi imperii,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:exercemur in venando ad similitudinem bellicae disciplinae,
id. N. D. 2, 64, 161: so,ad simulacrum,
Liv. 40, 6:ad Punica ingenia,
id. 21, 22:ad L. Crassi eloquentiam,
Cic. Var. Fragm. 8:omnia fient ad verum,
Juv. 6, 324:quid aut ad naturam aut contra sit,
Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 30:ad hunc modum institutus est,
id. Tusc. 2, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 31; 3, 13:ad eundem istunc modum,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 70:quem ad modum, q. v.: ad istam faciem est morbus, qui me macerat,
of that kind, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 73; id. Merc. 2, 3, 90; cf.91: cujus ad arbitrium copia materiai cogitur,
Lucr. 2, 281:ad eorum arbitrium et nutum totos se fingunt,
to their will and pleasure, Cic. Or. 8, 24; id. Quint. 71:ad P. Lentuli auctoritatem Roma contendit,
id. Rab. Post. 21:aliae sunt legati partes, aliae imperatoris: alter omnia agere ad praescriptum, alter libere ad summam rerum consulere debet,
Caes. B. C. 3, 51:rebus ad voluntatem nostram fluentibus,
Cic. Off. 1, 26:rem ad illorum libidinem judicarunt,
id. Font. 36:ad vulgi opinionem,
id. Off. 3, 21.—So in later Lat. with instar:ad instar castrorum,
Just. 36, 3, 2:scoparum,
App. M. 9, p. 232:speculi,
id. ib. 2, p. 118: ad hoc instar mundi, id. de Mundo, p. 72.—Sometimes, but very rarely, ad is used absol. in this sense (so also very rarely kata with acc., Xen. Hell. 2, 3; Luc. Dial. Deor. 8): convertier ad nos, as we (are turned), Lucr. 4, 317:ad navis feratur,
like ships, id. 4, 897 Munro. —With noun:ad specus angustiac vallium,
like caves, Caes. B. C. 3, 49.—Hence,With an object which is the cause or reason, in conformity to which, from which, or for which, any thing is or is done.a.The moving cause, according to, at, on, in consequence of:b.cetera pars animae paret et ad numen mentis momenque movetur,
Lucr. 3, 144:ad horum preces in Boeotiam duxit,
on their entreaty, Liv. 42, 67, 12: ad ea Caesar veniam ipsique et conjugi et fratribus tribuit, in consequence of or upon this, he, etc., Tac. Ann. 12, 37.—The final cause, or the object, end, or aim, for the attainment of which any thing,(α).is done,(β).is designed, or,(γ). (α).Seque ad ludos jam inde abhinc exerceant, Pac. ap. Charis. p. 175 P. (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 80):(β).venimus coctum ad nuptias,
in order to cook for the wedding, Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15:omnis ad perniciem instructa domus,
id. Bacch. 3, 1, 6; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 41; Liv. 1, 54:cum fingis falsas causas ad discordiam,
in order to produce dissension, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 71:quantam fenestram ad nequitiam patefeceris,
id. Heaut. 3, 1, 72:utrum ille, qui postulat legatum ad tantum bellum, quem velit, idoneus non est, qui impetret, cum ceteri ad expilandos socios diripiendasque provincias, quos voluerunt, legatos eduxerint,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 57:ego vitam quoad putabo tua interesse, aut ad spem servandam esse, retinebo,
for hope, id. Q. Fr. 1, 4; id. Fam. 5, 17:haec juventutem, ubi familiares opes defecerant, ad facinora incendebant,
Sall. C. 13, 4:ad speciem atque ad usurpationem vetustatis,
Cic. Agr. 2, 12, 31; Suet. Caes. 67:paucis ad speciem tabernaculis relictis,
for appearance, Caes. B. C. 2, 35; so id. ib. 2, 41; id. B. G. 1, 51.—Aut equos alere aut canes ad venandum. Ter. And. 1, 1, 30:(γ).ingenio egregie ad miseriam natus sum,
id. Heaut. 3, 1, 11;(in the same sense: in rem,
Hor. C. 1, 27, 1, and the dat., Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 6):ad cursum equum, ad arandum bovem, ad indagandum canem,
Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 40:ad frena leones,
Verg. A. 10, 253:delecto ad naves milite,
marines, Liv. 22, 19 Weissenb.:servos ad remum,
rowers, id. 34, 6; and:servos ad militiam emendos,
id. 22, 61, 2:comparasti ad lecticam homines,
Cat. 10, 16:Lygdamus ad cyathos,
Prop. 4, 8, 37; cf.:puer ad cyathum statuetur,
Hor. C. 1, 29, 8.—Quae oportet Signa esse [p. 29] ad salutem, omnia huic osse video, everything indicative of prosperity I see in him, Ter. And. 3, 2, 2:4.haec sunt ad virtutem omnia,
id. Heaut. 1, 2, 33:causa ad objurgandum,
id. And. 1, 1, 123:argumentum ad scribendum,
Cic. Att. 9, 7 (in both examples instead of the gen. of gerund., cf. Rudd. II. p. 245):vinum murteum est ad alvum crudam,
Cato R. R. 125:nulla res tantum ad dicendum proficit, quantum scriptio,
Cic. Brut. 24:reliquis rebus, quae sunt ad incendia,
Caes. B. C. 3, 101 al. —So with the adjectives idoneus, utilis, aptus, instead of the dat.:homines ad hanc rem idoneos,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 6:calcei habiles et apti ad pedem,
Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 231:orator aptus tamen ad dicendum,
id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5:sus est ad vescendum hominibus apta,
id. N. D. 2, 64, 160:homo ad nullam rem utilis,
id. Off. 3, 6:ad segetes ingeniosus ager,
Ov. F. 4, 684.—(Upon the connection of ad with the gerund. v. Zumpt, § 666; Rudd. II. p. 261.)—Comparison (since that with which a thing is compared is considered as an object to which the thing compared is brought near for the sake of comparison), to, compared to or with, in comparison with:E.ad sapientiam hujus ille (Thales) nimius nugator fuit,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 25; id. Trin. 3, 2, 100:ne comparandus hic quidem ad illum'st,
Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 14; 2, 3, 69:terra ad universi caeli complexum,
compared with the whole extent of the heavens, Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:homini non ad cetera Punica ingenia callido,
Liv. 22, 22, 15:at nihil ad nostram hanc,
nothing in comparison with, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 70; so Cic. Deiot. 8, 24; and id. de Or. 2, 6, 25.Adverbial phrases with ad.1.Ad omnia, withal, to crown all:2.ingentem vim peditum equitumque venire: ex India elephantos: ad omnia tantum advehi auri, etc.,
Liv. 35, 32, 4.—Ad hoc and ad haec (in the historians, esp. from the time of Livy, and in authors after the Aug. per.), = praeterea, insuper, moreover, besides, in addition, epi toutois:3.nam quicumque impudicus, adulter, ganeo, etc.: praeterea omnes undique parricidae, etc.: ad hoc, quos manus atque lingua perjurio aut sanguine civili alebat: postremo omnes, quos, etc.,
Sall. C. 14, 2 and 3:his opinionibus inflato animo, ad hoc vitio quoque ingenii vehemens,
Liv. 6, 11, 6; 42, 1, 1; Tac. H. 1, 6; Suet. Aug. 22 al.—Ad id quod, beside that (very rare):4.ad id quod sua sponte satis conlectum animorum erat, indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur,
Liv. 3, 62, 1; so 44, 37, 12.—Ad tempus.a.At a definite, fixed time, Cic. Att. 13, 45; Liv. 38, 25, 3.—b.At a fit, appropriate time, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 141; Liv. 1, 7, 13.—c.For some time, for a short time, Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27; id. Lael. 15, 53; Liv. 21, 25, 14.—d.According to circumstances, Cic. Planc. 30, 74; id. Cael. 6, 13; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9.—5.Ad praesens (for the most part only in post-Aug. writers).a.For the moment, for a short time, Cic. Fam. 12, 8; Plin. 8, 22, 34; Tac. A. 4, 21.—b.At present, now, Tac. A. 16, 5; id. H. 1, 44.—So, ad praesentiam, Tac. A. 11, 8.—6.Ad locum, on the spot:7.ut ad locum miles esset paratus,
Liv. 27, 27, 2.—Ad verbum, word for word, literally, Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4; id. de Or. 1, 34, 157; id. Ac. 2, 44, 135 al.—8.Ad summam.a. b. 9.Ad extremum, ad ultimum, ad postremum.a. (α).Of place, at the extremity, extreme point, top, etc.:(β).missile telum hastili abiegno et cetera tereti, praeterquam ad extremum, unde ferrum exstabat,
Liv. 21, 8, 10.—Of time = telos de, at last, finally:(γ).ibi ad postremum cedit miles,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 52; so id. Poen. 4, 2, 22; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89; id. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Caes. B. G. 7, 53; Liv. 30, 15, 4 al.— Hence,of order, finally, lastly, = denique: inventa componere; tum ornare oratione; post memoria sepire;b.ad extremum agere cum dignitate,
Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 142.—In Liv., to the last degree, quite: improbus homo, sed non ad extremum perditus, 23, 2, 3; cf.:10.consilii scelerati, sed non ad ultimum dementis,
id. 28, 28, 8.—Quem ad finem? To what limit? How far? Cic. Cat. 1, 1; id. Verr. 5, 75.—11.Quem ad modum, v. sub h. v.► a.Ad (v. ab, ex, in, etc.) is not repeated like some other prepositions with interrog. and relative pronouns, after nouns or demonstrative pronouns:b.traducis cogitationes meas ad voluptates. Quas? corporis credo,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37 (ubi v. Kuhner).—Ad is sometimes placed after its substantive:c.quam ad,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 39:senatus, quos ad soleret, referendum censuit,
Cic. N. D. 2, 4:ripam ad Araxis,
Tac. Ann. 12, 51;or between subst. and adj.: augendam ad invidiam,
id. ib. 12, 8.—The compound adque for et ad (like exque, eque, and, poet., aque) is denied by Moser, Cic. Rep. 2, 15, p. 248, and he reads instead of ad humanitatem adque mansuetudinem of the MSS., hum. atque mans. But adque, in acc. with later usage, is restored by Hand in App. M. 10, p. 247, adque haec omnia oboediebam for atque; and in Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 9, utroque vorsum rectum'st ingenium meum, ad se adque illum, is now read, ad te atque ad illum (Fleck., Brix).II.In composition.A.Form. According to the usual orthography, the d of the ad remains unchanged before vowels, and before b, d, h, m, v: adbibo, adduco, adhibeo, admoveo, advenio; it is assimilated to c, f, g, l, n, p, r, s, t: accipio, affigo, aggero, allabor, annumero, appello, arripio, assumo, attineo; before g and s it sometimes disappears: agnosco, aspicio, asto: and before qu it passes into c: acquiro, acquiesco.—But later philologists, supported by old inscriptions and good MSS., have mostly adopted the following forms: ad before j, h, b, d, f, m, n, q, v; ac before c, sometimes, but less well, before q; ag and also ad before g; a before gn, sp, sc, st; ad and also al before l; ad rather than an before n; ap and sometimes ad before p; ad and also ar before r; ad and also as before s; at and sometimes ad before t. In this work the old orthography has commonly been retained for the sake of convenient reference, but the better form in any case is indicated.—B.Signif. In English up often denotes approach, and in many instances will give the force of ad as a prefix both in its local and in its figurative sense.1.Local.a. b.At, by: astare, adesse.—c. d.Up (cf. de- = down, as in deicio, decido): attollo, ascendo, adsurgo.—2.Fig.a.To: adjudico, adsentior.—b.At or on: admiror, adludo.—c.Denoting conformity to, or comparison with: affiguro, adaequo.—d.Denoting addition, increase (cf. ab, de, and ex as prefixes to denote privation): addoceo, adposco.—e.Hence, denoting intensity: adamo, adimpleo, aduro, and perhaps agnosco.—f.Denoting the coming to an act or state, and hence commencement: addubito, addormio, adquiesco, adlubesco, advesperascit. See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 74-134. -
57 adpello
1.ap-pello ( adp-, Fleck., Halm (in Tac.); app-, Merk., B. and K., Rib., Weissenb., Halm (in Nep.), pŭli, pulsum, 3, v. a. and n., to drive, move or bring a person or thing to or toward.I.In gen.A. a.With ad:b.ad ignotum arbitrum me adpellis,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 104:armentum ad aquam,
Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 15; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 11:ad litora juvencos,
Ov. M. 11, 353: visum in somnis pastorem ad me appellere, to drive toward me, i. e. the herd, the flock, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22:turres ad opera appellebat,
Caes. B. C. 1, 26.—With in:c.in flumen,
Dig. 43, 13, 1.—With dat.:d.Hinc me digressum vestris deus appulit oris,
Verg. A. 3, 715.—With quo: quo numquam pennis appellunt Corpora saucae Cornices, * Lucr. 6, 752.—e.Absol.: dant operam, ut quam primum appellant, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 238, 28: postquam paulo appulit unda (corpus), drove a little toward me, brought near, Ov. M. 11, 717 al.—B.Trop.: animum ad aliquid, to turn, direct, apply:II.animum ad scribendum adpulit,
Ter. And. prol. 1; so id. ib. 2, 6, 15.—Also to bring into any condition:argenti viginti minae me ad mortem adpulerunt,
drove me to destruction, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 43; id. Bacch. 3, 1, 11.—A.. Esp. freq. as a nautical t. t., to bring or conduct a ship somewhere, to land (in Cic. only in this signif.); constr.: appellere navem, nave, or absol. in act. and pass.; also navis appellit, or appellitur (cf. applico, II.).a.With navem. [p. 141] abitu appellant huc ad molem nostram naviculam, Afran. ap. Non. p. 238, 24:b.cum Persae classem ad Delum appulissent,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 18:si ille ad eam ripam naves appulisset,
id. Phil. 2, 11, 26 Wernsd.:cum ad villam nostram navis appelleretur,
id. Att. 13, 21:Alexandrum in Italiam classem appulisse constat,
Liv. 8, 3; so id. 28, 42:naves appulsae ad muros,
id. 30, 10; 44, 44; 45, 5 al.—With nave:c.cum Rhegium onerariā nave appulisset,
Suet. Tit. 5; cf. Gron. ad Liv. 30, 10.—Act. absol.: huc appelle, * Hor. S. 1, 5, 12:d.ad insulam appulerunt,
Liv. 37, 21:cum ad litus appulisset,
Quint. 7, 3, 31:cum ad Rhodum appulisset,
Suet. Tib. 11; so id. Ner. 27.—Pass. absol.:e.alios ad Siciliam appulsos esse,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 28:ripae suorum appulsus est,
Vell. 2, 107.—Seldom in a neutr. sense:B.navis adpellit,
comes to land, arrives at, Tac. A. 4, 27:Germanici triremis Chaucorum terram adpulit,
id. ib. 2, 24; Suet. Aug. 98:Alexandrina navis Dertosam appulit,
id. Galb. 10. — Poet.:appellere aliquem: me vestris deus appulit oris,
Verg. A. 3, 715; so id. ib. 1, 377 (cf. id. ib. 1, 616: quae vis te immanibus applicat oris).—Trop.:2.timide, tamquam ad aliquem libidinis scopulum, sic tuam mentem ad philosophiam appulisti,
Cic. de Or. 2, 37:nec tuas umquam rationes ad eos scopulos appulisses,
id. Rab. Perd. 9, 25.appello ( adp-, Ritschl), āvi, ātum, 1 ( subj. perf. appellāssis = appellaveris, Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 15), orig. v. n., as a secondary form of the preced. (cf.: jungere, jugare), to drive to or toward, to go to in order to accost, make a request, admonish, etc.; like adire, aggredi; hence like these constr. as v. a. with acc., to accost, address, to speak to, call upon (very freq. and class.).I.In gen. adgrediar hominem, adpellabo, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 26:II.accedam atque adpellabo,
id. Am. 1, 3, 17:adeamus, adpellemus,
id. Mil. 2, 5, 10; cf. id. Poen. 5, 2, 22, 5, 2, 30; 5, 2, 32:te volo adpellare,
id. Aul. 2, 2, 23; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 50:quo ore appellabo patrem?
Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 22; id. Phorm. 5, 8 (9), 22: Lucil. ap. Non. p. 238, 23 aliquem hilari vultu, Cic. Clu. 26, 72:hominem verbo graviore,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 58:legatos superbius,
id. Imp. Pomp. 5:homines asperius,
id. Agr. 2, 24:ibi a Virdumaro appellatus,
accosted, Caes. B. G. 7, 54:Adherbalis appellandi copia non fuit,
Sall. J. 22, 5 milites alius alium laeti appellant, id. ib. 53, 8, Tac. Agr. 40: senatu coram appellato, Suet Ner. 41; id. Tib. 29 al.:nec audet Appellare virum virgo,
Ov. M. 4, 682 al. —Also to address by letter:crebris nos litteris appellato,
Cic. Fam. 15, 20.—EspA.1.. Freq. with the access. idea of entreating, soliciting, to approach with a request, entreaty, etc., to apply to, to entreat, implore, beseech, invoke, etc.:2.vos etiam atque etiam imploro et appello,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 188 quem enim alium appellem? quem obtester? quem implorem? id. Fl. 2:quem praeter te appellet, habebat neminem,
id. Quint. 31; id. Fam. 12, 28:quo accedam aut quos appellem?
Sall. J. 14, 17:appellatus est a C. Flavio, ut, etc.,
Nep. Att. 8, 3:appellatis de re publicā Patribus,
Suet. Caes. 34.—Aliquem de aliquā re, to address one in order to incite him to something ( bad):3.aliquem de proditione, Liv 26, 38, 4: de stupro,
Quint. 4, 2, 98.—Also without de:aliquem,
Sen. Contr. 2, 15; Dig. 47, 10, 15, § 15.—In judic. language, t. t., to appeal to one, i. e. to call upon him for assistance (in the class. period always with acc.; also in Pandect. Lat. constr. with ad):B.procurator a praetore tribunos appellare ausus,
Cic. Quint. 20, 64:tribuni igitur appellabantur,
id. ib. 20, 63; so,praetor appellabatur,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 65; Liv. 9, 26:Volero appellat tribunos,
id. 2, 55; Plin. 1, praef. 10: mox et ipse appellato demum collegio ( after he had appealed to the college of the tribunes), obtinuit, etc., Suet. Caes. 23:adversarii ad imperatorem appellārunt,
Dig. 4, 4, 39 et saep.—To address in order to demand something, esp. the payment of money, to dun:C.Tulliola tuum munusculum flagitat et me ut sponsorem appellat,
Cic. Att. 1, 8 fin.; id. Quint. 12;with de pecuniā: appellatus es de pecuniā,
id. Phil. 2, 29; and without de: magnā pecuniā appellabaris a creditoribus, Quint. 5, 13, 12; Alphius ap. Col. 1, 7, 2.— Trop.:cupressus in Cretā gignitur etiam non appellato solo,
Plin. 16, 33, 60, § 142.—Later also appellare rem, to demand, claim something:mercedem appellas?
Juv. 7, 158.—To sue, inform against, complain of, accuse, to summon before a court:D.ne alii plectantur, alii ne appellentur quidem,
Cic. Off. 1, 25, 89; so,aliquem stupri causā,
Val. Max. 6, 1, 11 al. —To accost by any appellation (cf.:* E.centurionibus nominatim appellatis,
Caes. B. G. 2, 25); hence, to call by name, or to call, to term, entitle, to declare or announce as something (cf. prosagoreuô, and in Heb., to call, and also to name; appellare gives a new predicate to the subject, while nominare only designates it by name, without a qualifying word; cf. Hab. Syn. 958; Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 7, 4):vir ego tuus sim? ne me adpella falso nomine,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 181; so id. Mil. 2, 5, 26; Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 15:aliquem patrem,
id. Hec. 4, 4, 30, pater a gnatis ne dulcibus umquam Appelletur, Lucr. 4, 1235; 1, 60; 5, 10:O Spartace, quem enim te potius appellem?
Cic. Phil. 13, 10:unum te sapientem appellant et existimant,
id. Am. 2, 6:hos viros bonos, ut habiti sunt, sic appellandos putemus,
id. ib. 5, 19:cum fruges Cererem appellamus, vinum autem Bacchum,
id. N D 2, 23, 60 suo quamque rem nomine appellare, id. Fam. 9, 22 al.:rex ab suis appellatur,
Caes. B. G 7, 4:me subditum et ex pellice genitum appellant,
Liv. 40, 9. quem nautae appellant Lichan, Ov. M. 9, 229 victorem appellat Acesten, declares him victor, Verg. A. 5, 540 al.—Hence, to call by name:quos non appello hoc loco,
Cic. Sest 50, 108: multi appellandi laedendique sunt, id Verr 2, 1, 60; id. Caecin. 19; so,appellare auctores,
to declare, name, Plin. 28, 1, 1, § 2.— Trop.:quos saepe nutu significationeque appello,
make known, Cic. Fam. 1, 9 fin. —Appellare litteras, to pronounce, Cic. Brut. 35, 133 (v. appellatio). -
58 appello
1.ap-pello ( adp-, Fleck., Halm (in Tac.); app-, Merk., B. and K., Rib., Weissenb., Halm (in Nep.), pŭli, pulsum, 3, v. a. and n., to drive, move or bring a person or thing to or toward.I.In gen.A. a.With ad:b.ad ignotum arbitrum me adpellis,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 104:armentum ad aquam,
Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 15; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 11:ad litora juvencos,
Ov. M. 11, 353: visum in somnis pastorem ad me appellere, to drive toward me, i. e. the herd, the flock, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22:turres ad opera appellebat,
Caes. B. C. 1, 26.—With in:c.in flumen,
Dig. 43, 13, 1.—With dat.:d.Hinc me digressum vestris deus appulit oris,
Verg. A. 3, 715.—With quo: quo numquam pennis appellunt Corpora saucae Cornices, * Lucr. 6, 752.—e.Absol.: dant operam, ut quam primum appellant, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 238, 28: postquam paulo appulit unda (corpus), drove a little toward me, brought near, Ov. M. 11, 717 al.—B.Trop.: animum ad aliquid, to turn, direct, apply:II.animum ad scribendum adpulit,
Ter. And. prol. 1; so id. ib. 2, 6, 15.—Also to bring into any condition:argenti viginti minae me ad mortem adpulerunt,
drove me to destruction, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 43; id. Bacch. 3, 1, 11.—A.. Esp. freq. as a nautical t. t., to bring or conduct a ship somewhere, to land (in Cic. only in this signif.); constr.: appellere navem, nave, or absol. in act. and pass.; also navis appellit, or appellitur (cf. applico, II.).a.With navem. [p. 141] abitu appellant huc ad molem nostram naviculam, Afran. ap. Non. p. 238, 24:b.cum Persae classem ad Delum appulissent,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 18:si ille ad eam ripam naves appulisset,
id. Phil. 2, 11, 26 Wernsd.:cum ad villam nostram navis appelleretur,
id. Att. 13, 21:Alexandrum in Italiam classem appulisse constat,
Liv. 8, 3; so id. 28, 42:naves appulsae ad muros,
id. 30, 10; 44, 44; 45, 5 al.—With nave:c.cum Rhegium onerariā nave appulisset,
Suet. Tit. 5; cf. Gron. ad Liv. 30, 10.—Act. absol.: huc appelle, * Hor. S. 1, 5, 12:d.ad insulam appulerunt,
Liv. 37, 21:cum ad litus appulisset,
Quint. 7, 3, 31:cum ad Rhodum appulisset,
Suet. Tib. 11; so id. Ner. 27.—Pass. absol.:e.alios ad Siciliam appulsos esse,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 28:ripae suorum appulsus est,
Vell. 2, 107.—Seldom in a neutr. sense:B.navis adpellit,
comes to land, arrives at, Tac. A. 4, 27:Germanici triremis Chaucorum terram adpulit,
id. ib. 2, 24; Suet. Aug. 98:Alexandrina navis Dertosam appulit,
id. Galb. 10. — Poet.:appellere aliquem: me vestris deus appulit oris,
Verg. A. 3, 715; so id. ib. 1, 377 (cf. id. ib. 1, 616: quae vis te immanibus applicat oris).—Trop.:2.timide, tamquam ad aliquem libidinis scopulum, sic tuam mentem ad philosophiam appulisti,
Cic. de Or. 2, 37:nec tuas umquam rationes ad eos scopulos appulisses,
id. Rab. Perd. 9, 25.appello ( adp-, Ritschl), āvi, ātum, 1 ( subj. perf. appellāssis = appellaveris, Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 15), orig. v. n., as a secondary form of the preced. (cf.: jungere, jugare), to drive to or toward, to go to in order to accost, make a request, admonish, etc.; like adire, aggredi; hence like these constr. as v. a. with acc., to accost, address, to speak to, call upon (very freq. and class.).I.In gen. adgrediar hominem, adpellabo, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 26:II.accedam atque adpellabo,
id. Am. 1, 3, 17:adeamus, adpellemus,
id. Mil. 2, 5, 10; cf. id. Poen. 5, 2, 22, 5, 2, 30; 5, 2, 32:te volo adpellare,
id. Aul. 2, 2, 23; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 50:quo ore appellabo patrem?
Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 22; id. Phorm. 5, 8 (9), 22: Lucil. ap. Non. p. 238, 23 aliquem hilari vultu, Cic. Clu. 26, 72:hominem verbo graviore,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 58:legatos superbius,
id. Imp. Pomp. 5:homines asperius,
id. Agr. 2, 24:ibi a Virdumaro appellatus,
accosted, Caes. B. G. 7, 54:Adherbalis appellandi copia non fuit,
Sall. J. 22, 5 milites alius alium laeti appellant, id. ib. 53, 8, Tac. Agr. 40: senatu coram appellato, Suet Ner. 41; id. Tib. 29 al.:nec audet Appellare virum virgo,
Ov. M. 4, 682 al. —Also to address by letter:crebris nos litteris appellato,
Cic. Fam. 15, 20.—EspA.1.. Freq. with the access. idea of entreating, soliciting, to approach with a request, entreaty, etc., to apply to, to entreat, implore, beseech, invoke, etc.:2.vos etiam atque etiam imploro et appello,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 188 quem enim alium appellem? quem obtester? quem implorem? id. Fl. 2:quem praeter te appellet, habebat neminem,
id. Quint. 31; id. Fam. 12, 28:quo accedam aut quos appellem?
Sall. J. 14, 17:appellatus est a C. Flavio, ut, etc.,
Nep. Att. 8, 3:appellatis de re publicā Patribus,
Suet. Caes. 34.—Aliquem de aliquā re, to address one in order to incite him to something ( bad):3.aliquem de proditione, Liv 26, 38, 4: de stupro,
Quint. 4, 2, 98.—Also without de:aliquem,
Sen. Contr. 2, 15; Dig. 47, 10, 15, § 15.—In judic. language, t. t., to appeal to one, i. e. to call upon him for assistance (in the class. period always with acc.; also in Pandect. Lat. constr. with ad):B.procurator a praetore tribunos appellare ausus,
Cic. Quint. 20, 64:tribuni igitur appellabantur,
id. ib. 20, 63; so,praetor appellabatur,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 65; Liv. 9, 26:Volero appellat tribunos,
id. 2, 55; Plin. 1, praef. 10: mox et ipse appellato demum collegio ( after he had appealed to the college of the tribunes), obtinuit, etc., Suet. Caes. 23:adversarii ad imperatorem appellārunt,
Dig. 4, 4, 39 et saep.—To address in order to demand something, esp. the payment of money, to dun:C.Tulliola tuum munusculum flagitat et me ut sponsorem appellat,
Cic. Att. 1, 8 fin.; id. Quint. 12;with de pecuniā: appellatus es de pecuniā,
id. Phil. 2, 29; and without de: magnā pecuniā appellabaris a creditoribus, Quint. 5, 13, 12; Alphius ap. Col. 1, 7, 2.— Trop.:cupressus in Cretā gignitur etiam non appellato solo,
Plin. 16, 33, 60, § 142.—Later also appellare rem, to demand, claim something:mercedem appellas?
Juv. 7, 158.—To sue, inform against, complain of, accuse, to summon before a court:D.ne alii plectantur, alii ne appellentur quidem,
Cic. Off. 1, 25, 89; so,aliquem stupri causā,
Val. Max. 6, 1, 11 al. —To accost by any appellation (cf.:* E.centurionibus nominatim appellatis,
Caes. B. G. 2, 25); hence, to call by name, or to call, to term, entitle, to declare or announce as something (cf. prosagoreuô, and in Heb., to call, and also to name; appellare gives a new predicate to the subject, while nominare only designates it by name, without a qualifying word; cf. Hab. Syn. 958; Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 7, 4):vir ego tuus sim? ne me adpella falso nomine,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 181; so id. Mil. 2, 5, 26; Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 15:aliquem patrem,
id. Hec. 4, 4, 30, pater a gnatis ne dulcibus umquam Appelletur, Lucr. 4, 1235; 1, 60; 5, 10:O Spartace, quem enim te potius appellem?
Cic. Phil. 13, 10:unum te sapientem appellant et existimant,
id. Am. 2, 6:hos viros bonos, ut habiti sunt, sic appellandos putemus,
id. ib. 5, 19:cum fruges Cererem appellamus, vinum autem Bacchum,
id. N D 2, 23, 60 suo quamque rem nomine appellare, id. Fam. 9, 22 al.:rex ab suis appellatur,
Caes. B. G 7, 4:me subditum et ex pellice genitum appellant,
Liv. 40, 9. quem nautae appellant Lichan, Ov. M. 9, 229 victorem appellat Acesten, declares him victor, Verg. A. 5, 540 al.—Hence, to call by name:quos non appello hoc loco,
Cic. Sest 50, 108: multi appellandi laedendique sunt, id Verr 2, 1, 60; id. Caecin. 19; so,appellare auctores,
to declare, name, Plin. 28, 1, 1, § 2.— Trop.:quos saepe nutu significationeque appello,
make known, Cic. Fam. 1, 9 fin. —Appellare litteras, to pronounce, Cic. Brut. 35, 133 (v. appellatio). -
59 coeo
cŏ-ĕo, īvi or ii (e. g. coierunt, Caes. B. G. 6, 22:I.coiere,
Lucr. 6, 452; Prop. 3 (4), 24, 18; Ov. M. 4, 83 al.:cŏĭisse,
Verg. A. 12, 709:coisse,
Prop. 3 (4), 15, 8; Ov. F. 6, 94; Quint. 5, 9, 5; 5, 11, 35;pedants preferred conire to coire,
Quint. 1, 6, 17; cf. id. 1, 5, 69, and Lachm. ad Lucr. p. 137), ĭtum, īre, v. a. and n.To go or come together, to meet, assemble, collect together (so mostly poet. or in post-Aug. prose); constr. absol., with ad aliquem, ad or in locum, more rar. in loco:b.matronae ad Veturiam Volumniamque frequentes coëunt,
Liv. 2, 40, 1:in porticum,
Plin. Ep. 1, 5, 9:ad solitum locum,
Ov. M. 4, 83:ad aliquem,
Curt. 7, 2, 21: Pharsaliam, * Cat. 64, 37:quo (sc. in sedilia theatri) populus coibat,
Hor. A. P. 207:in regiam,
Curt. 6, 8, 17:in quem (locum) coibatur,
Tac. A. 4, 69:apud aram ejus dei in cujus templo coiretur,
Suet. Aug. 35:cum rege in insulā,
Vell. 2, 101, 1:in foro,
Just. 5, 7, 6:milia crabronum coeunt,
Ov. F. 3, 753; id. H. 7, 123 Loers.:coivere amicis animis,
Curt. 8, 12, 9; 10, 3, 6:agmina coibant,
id. 10, 9, 15; Tac. A. 16, 5; id. H. 1, 27; 2, 52.—Poet.:B.vix memini nobis verba coisse decem,
i. e. have passed between us, Prop. 3 (4), 15, 8.—Specif., to go or come together in a hostile manner, to encounter:II.inter se coiisse viros et cernere ferro,
Verg. A. 12, 709; cf. id. G. 4, 73; Ov. M. 3, 236; Luc. 2, 225; Manil. 4, 83; Val. Fl. 5, 635; Stat. Th. 16, 408.—Pregn., to form a whole by coming together, to be united into a whole, to unite, combine (the usu. class. signif.); constr. absol., with cum, or dat.A.Lit.1.Of living beings:b.neque se conglobandi coëundique in unum datur spatium,
Liv. 6, 3, 6; so Verg. A. 9, 801; 10, 410:ut vaga illa multitudo coiret in populos,
Quint. 2, 16, 9:qui una coierunt,
Caes. B. G. 6, 22:reliqui (milites) coëunt inter se,
assemble, id. B. C. 1, 75; so Liv. 7, 37, 15:in formam justi exercitūs,
Vell. 2, 61, 2:ut coëat par Jungaturque pari,
Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 25.—Of the coition of the sexes (both of men and animals), to copulate, Lucr. 4, 1055; cf. Ov. M. 11, 744:B.cum alienā uxore,
Quint. 7, 3, 10:coisse eam cum viro,
id. 5, 9, 5:dominum cum ancillā,
id. 5, 11, 35:cum hospitibus stupro,
Curt. 5, 1, 37 al.:privigno,
Ov. H. 4, 129:simul binis,
Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 17, 5:sic et aves coëunt,
Ov. M. 9, 733; 10, 324; id. A. A. 2, 615; Col. 6, 27, 3 sq.; Ov. F. 3, 193 al.; cf., of marriage, [p. 359]b.. infra.—2.Transf., of things: membra. Ov. M. 4, 377; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 96: ignes coire globum quasi in unum, roll together, as into a ball, etc., Lucr. 5, 665; cf. id. 2, 563:B.sanguenque creari Sanguinis inter se multis coëuntibu' guttis,
out of many little drops running together, id. 1, 838; cf.:ut coëat lac,
to curdle, Varr. R. R. 2, 11, 4; Col. 12, 20, 4:bitumen spissatur et in densitatem coit,
thickens, Plin. 35, 15, 51, § 178; cf.:gelidus coit formidine sanguis,
Verg. A. 3, 30:semina,
Lucr. 3, 395; cf. id. 1, 770; 5, 190; 5, 425:tum digiti coëunt,
Ov. M. 2, 670; Quint. 11, 3, 21:ut cornua tota coirent Efficerentque orbem,
Ov. M. 7, 179; cf. Verg. A. 11, 860:palpebrae dormientis non coëunt,
do not close, Cels. 2, 8:labris coëuntibus,
Quint. 8, 3, 45 et saep.:perfectum quiddam fieri, cum omnia coierunt, necesse est,
id. 11, 3, 9; 9, 1, 9; 2, 19, 2; cf. id. 1, 5, 67:quae littera cum quāque optime coëat,
id. 9, 4, 91:ut placidis coëant immitia,
Hor. A. P. 12.—Of wounds, to close:arteria incisa neque coit neque sanescit,
Cels. 2, 10; cf.:potest os coire et vulnus sanescere,
id. 8, 10; so Plin. 11, 39, 93, § 227; Prop. 3 (4), 24, 18; Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 41; 5, 2, 9; and poet.:an male sarta Gratia nequicquam coit et rescinditur?
Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 32; Petr. 113, 8.—Trop., to unite for some object, in feeling, will, conclusions, etc., to join together, assimilate, combine, agree, ally one ' s self:b.Caesar cum eo coire per Arrium cogitat,
Cic. Att. 1, 17, 11:cum hoc tu coire ausus es, ut... addiceres, etc.,
id. Red. in Sen. 7, 16; id. Dom. 18, 47:principes, quitum unā coierunt, quantum visum est agri adtribuunt,
Caes. B. G. 6, 22: heri aliquot adulescentuli coimus in Piraeo (Piraeum ap. Cic. Att. 7, 3, 10), Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 1 (consensimus ac pepigimus, Don.):duodecim adulescentuli coierunt ex his, qui exsilio erant multati, etc.,
conspired together, Nep. Pelop. 2, 3; cf.:sed neque cum quoquam de eā re collocuturum neque coiturum: sic, ille consensionis globus hujus unius dissensione disjectus est,
id. Att. 8, 4:patricii coiere et interregem creavere,
Liv. 4, 7, 7:mos est regibus, quotiens in societatem coëant, implicare dextras, etc.,
Tac. A. 12, 47; hence poet.:coëant in foedera dextrae,
Verg. A. 11, 292; Tac. H. 3, 12:ad nullius non facinoris societatem coibant,
Suet. Aug. 32; and, like this, with changed construction.—Esp. of the marriage contract ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose); cf.:2.taedae quoque jure coissent,
Ov. M. 4, 60:conubio,
Curt. 8, 1, 9:nuptiis,
id. 9, 1, 26; Quint. 5, 11, 32:matrimonio,
Dig. 24, 1, 27:in matrimonium,
ib. 45, 1, 134; cf.:hac gener atque socer coëant mercede suorum,
i. e. in the marriage of Æneas with Lavinia, Verg. A. 7, 317.—Act.: coire societatem ( cum aliquo or absol.), to enter into an alliance, to make a compact, form a league (with some one;3.several times in Cic.): utinam, Pompei, cum Caesare societatem aut numquam coisses aut numquam diremisses!
Cic. Phil. 2, 10, 24; Nep. Con. 2, 2:societatem sceleris,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 96:de municipis fortunis,
id. ib. 31, 87; Dig. 17, 2, 65, § 10:qui societatem in tempus coiit,
ib. 17, 2, 65, § 6.—Pass.:ad eam rem societas coitur,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 7, 20:ad coëundam societatem,
id. Fam. 5, 19, 2; so Gell. 1, 9 fin.:si unius rei societas coita sit,
Dig. 17, 2, 65 init.; cf. ib. 17, 2, 65, §§ 2, 9, 10, 15. -
60 compello
1.com-pello ( conp-), pŭli, pulsum, 3, v. a., to drive together to a place, to collect, assemble (opp. expello, Cic. Pis. 7, 16;I.to dispellere,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 149;and to aspellere,
id. Trin. 3, 2, 46; class.).Lit. of herds, flocks:II.tum compellendum (agnos) in gregem ovium,
Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 18:armentum in speluncam,
Liv. 1, 7, 5; cf.:pecoris vim ingentem in saltum avium,
id. 9, 31, 7:greges in unum,
Verg. E. 7, 2:pecus totius provinciae,
Cic. Pis. 36, 87: haedorum gregem hibisco ( poet. for ad hibiscum), Verg. E. 2, 30.—Also of other objects:primordia,
Lucr. 2, 564:homines unum in locum,
Cic. Inv. 1, 2, 2:naves (hostium) in portum,
Caes. B. C. 1, 58 fin.:hostes intra oppida murosque,
id. B. G. 7, 65; so of the driving or forcing of enemies in a body; cf.:adversarios intra moenia,
Nep. Ages. 5, 3:hostem fugatum in naves,
Liv. 10, 2, 2:Dardanos in urbem,
id. 41, 19, 9; Suet. Vit. 15:oppidanos intra munimenta,
Curt. 8, 11, 1:hostes in fugam,
Just. 4, 4.—Hence fig.:bellum Medulliam,
to turn the war thither, Liv. 1, 33, 4:is (hostes) eo compulit ut locorum angustiis clausi, etc.,
drove them into so close corners, Nep. Ham. 2, 4:Pompeium domum suam,
Cic. Pis. 7, 16:ad monumentorum deversoria plebe compulsā,
Suet. Ner. 38: quam (imaginem) virga semel horrida... Nigro compulerit gregi, * Hor. C. 1, 24, 18:ossa in suas sedes,
Cels. 6, 7 fin. —Trop.A.To bring or press together:B.amores nostros dispulsos,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 149:cur eam tantas in angustias et in Stoicorum dumeta compellimus?
Cic. Ac. 2, 35, 112.—Far more freq.,To drive, bring, move, impel, incite, urge, compel, force, constrain to something; constr. with ad, in, more rarely with ut, the inf. or absol.(α).With ad (freq. in Suet.):(β).aliquem ad virtutem,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 10, 10:ad arma,
Cic. Marcell. 5, 13:ad bellum,
Ov. M. 5, 219:ad deditionem fame,
Suet. Aug. 14; Curt. 9, 1, 19:ad necem,
Suet. Aug. 66; id. Calig. 23; id. Ner. 35: ad mortem, id. Tib. 56; Quint. 7, 3, 7:ad confessionem,
Suet. Claud. 15:ad pugnam,
id. ib. 21:ad rapinas,
Luc. 7, 99:ad defectionem,
Curt. 10, 1, 45:ad laqueum,
Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 12:ad impudicitiam,
Dig. 1, 6, 2.—With in:(γ).in hunc sensum compellor injuriis,
Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 21:in eundem metum,
Liv. 25, 29, 8:in socordiam,
Col. 11, 1, 11:in mortem,
Quint. 7, 3, 7:in metum,
Tac. H. 2, 27. —With ut:(δ).callidum senem callidis dolis Conpuli et perpuli, mihi omnia ut crederet,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 4; Suet. Caes. 1; 24; id. Vesp. 2; Tac. Or. 4; Curt. 8, 8, 2. —With inf.:(ε).aliquem jussa nefanda pati,
Ov. F. 3, 860; Luc. 3, 144; Suet. Tib. 62; id. Dom. 14; Curt. 5, 1, 35; Just. 16, 5; 30, 3; Gai Inst. 2, 237.—Absol.:2.ceteras nationes conterruit, compulit, domuit,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 33:aliquā indignatione compellendus,
Quint. 9, 4, 138:ille qui aspellit, is conpellit,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 46; freq. in perf. part.:periculis compulsus,
Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 11; Caes. B. C. 3, 41; Liv. 27, 30, 3.compello ( conp-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [1. compello; cf. 2. appello, āre, from 1. appello, ĕre, and jugare, from root of jungo], to accost one.I.Without implying reproach, to accost, address (mostly poet.): exin compellare pater me voce videtur his verbis, etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 41 (Ann. v. 45 Vahl.); so, aliquem, id. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 4 (Ann. v. 256 ib.):II.aliquem voce,
Verg. A. 5, 161; and:notis vocibus,
id. ib. 6, 499; cf. Ov. M. 14, 839:blande hominem,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 72; cf. id. Stich. 2, 1, 43:familiariter,
id. Men. 2, 3, 23: carmine, * Cat. 64, 24:talibus agrestem com pellat Oreada dictis,
Ov. M. 8, 787; 12, 585:Tauream nomine,
Liv. 23, 47, 2; Curt. 4, 13, 20:aliquem multo honore,
Verg. A. 3, 474:verbis amicis,
id. ib. 2, 372:aliquam de stupro,
to invite to unchastity, Val. Max. 6, 1, 2; in like sense absol.:compellare,
Hyg. Fab. 57.—In a hostile sense, to address one reproachfully or abusively, to reproach, chide, rebuke, upbraid, abuse, to take to task, call to account (good prose).A.In gen.:B.mimus nominatim Accium poëtam compellavit in scaenā,
Auct. Her. 1, 14, 24:neque aspexit mater, quin eum fratricidam impiumque detestans compellaret,
Nep. Timol. 1, 5:pro cunctatore segnem, pro cauto timidum compellabat,
Liv. 22, 12, 12; 34, 2, 8:ne compellarer inultus,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 297; 1, 7, 31; id. Ep. 1, 7, 34.—Esp., jurid. t. t., of authorities, to summon one to answer a charge; or of adversaries, to arraign one before a tribunal, to accuse of crime (cf. 2. appello):Q. Ciceronem compellat edicto,
Cic. Phil. 3, 7, 17; id. Red. in Sen. 5, 12; 13, 52:Nigidius minari in contione, se judicem, qui non adfuerit, compellaturum,
id. Att. 2, 2, 3; so id. Phil. 3, 7, 17; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 3; Nep. Alcib. 4, 1; Liv. 43, 2, 11; Tac. A. 16, 27; Suet. Caes. 17.
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