-
61 bьčelà
bьčelà Grammatical information: f. ā Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `bee'Page in Trubačev: III 104-105Old Church Slavic:Russian:pčeĺa `bee' [f ā];bčelá (dial.) `bee' [f ā];bželá (dial.) `bee' [f ā]Ukrainian:bdžolá `bee' [f ā];pčolá `bee' [f ā]Czech:Slovak:Polish:Upper Sorbian:Lower Sorbian:Polabian:celă `bee' [f ā]Serbo-Croatian:pčèla `bee' [f ā];čèla `bee' [f ā];Čak. čȅla (Vrgada) `bee' [f ā];Čak. čelȁ (Novi) `bee' [f ā];Čak. čȅlica (Orbanići) `bee' [f jā]Slovene:bǝčę̑la `bee' [f ā];bčę̑la `bee' [f ā];čǝbę̑la `bee' [f ā];čǝbę̑la `bee' [f ā];čę̑la `bee' [f ā];čmę̑la `bee' [f ā]Bulgarian:pčelá `bee' [f ā]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: bi-t-; bi-kel-eh₂Lithuanian:bìtė `bee' [f ē] 2Latvian:Old Prussian:Indo-European reconstruction: bʰi-IE meaning: beePage in Pokorny: 116Comments: The North European root bʰi occurs with various suffixes. The *-k- of the Slavic forms is also found in OIr. bech < *bi-ko-. The main alternative etymology departs from PSl. *bъčela and advocates a connection with bučati `make a loud noise, roar'. This is the eymology preferred by Sɫawski (SP I: 456-457).Other cognates:OIc. bý `bee' [n];OE béo `bee' [f];Notes: -
62 debelъ
debelъ Grammatical information: adj. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `fat'Page in Trubačev: IV 201-202Church Slavic:Russian:debélyj `plump, corpulent' [adj o];debëlyj (dial.) `healthy, strong, plump, corpulent' [adj o]Serbo-Croatian:dèbeo `fat' [adj o];Čak. dȅbē (Vrgada) `fat' [adj o], debelà̀ [Nomsf]Slovene:débeɫ `fat, big, strong' [adj o], debę́la [Nomsf]Bulgarian:debél `fat, strong' [adj o]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: deb-Latvian:depsis `small, fat boy'Old Prussian:Certainty: -Comments: Formally, the Balto-Slavic and the Germanic forms do not match, considering that in the case of PIE *b the Balto-Slavic evidence would violate Winter's law. It is by no means necessary, however, to assume that this etymon is of Indo-European origin.Other cognates: -
63 dȅvętь
dȅvętь Grammatical information: num. i Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `nine'Page in Trubačev: IV 222-223Old Church Slavic:devętь `nine' [num i]Russian:dévjat' `nine' [num i], devjatí [Gens]Czech:devět `nine' [num]Slovak:Polish:dziewięć `nine' [num i]Slovincian:ʒìe̯vjinc `nine' [num]Serbo-Croatian:dȅvēt `nine' [num];Čak. dȅvet (Vrgada, Orbanići) `nine' [num]Slovene:devę̑t `nine' [num]Bulgarian:dévet `nine' [num]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: deu̯inLithuanian:devynì `nine' [num]Indo-European reconstruction: h₁neunIE meaning: ninePage in Pokorny: 318Comments: For Balto-Slavic one would expect *dou̯in, with *eu > *ou before a vowel. The e vocalism may have been reintroduced on the basis of the ordinal * deuno- prior to the development *eu > * iou before consonant (Hamp 1976, Kortlandt 1979: 57). The ordinal was later reshaped into *deu̯ino-. In view of OPr. newīnts `nine', it is possible that the numeral still had initial *n- at the end of the Balto-Slavic period, but German influence cannot be excluded.Other cognates:Skt. náva `nine' [num]; -
64 děliti
děliti Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `divide'Page in Trubačev: IV 233-234Old Church Slavic:dělitъ (Supr.) `divides' [3sg]Russian:delít' `divide' [verb], deljú [1sg], délit [3sg] \{1\}Czech:děliti `divide' [verb]Slovak:Polish:dzielić `divide' [verb]Serbo-Croatian:dijèliti `divide' [verb], dȉjeljīm [1sg];Čak. dīlȉti (Vrgada) `divide' [verb], dĩlīš [2sg];Čak. dielȉt (Orbanići) `divide' [verb], diẽlin [1sg]Slovene:dẹlíti `divide' [verb], dẹlím [1sg]Bulgarian:deljá `divide, share' [verb], dẹlím [1sg]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: doil- (dail-?)Lithuanian:dailýti `divide' [verb], daĩlo [3ps]Comments: Slavic *děl- has Germanic counterparts reflecting * dʰoil- or * dʰail-. The aspirated stop precludes a connection with Gk. δαίομαι `distribute' < * deh₂-i- unless we assume that the Germanic forms are borrowings from Slavic, which is not particularly plausible. Note that the accentuation of *dě́lъ (b) would be in conflict with a reconstruction * deh₂i-l-.Other cognates:Notes:\{1\} AP (c) in Old Russian (Zaliznjak 1985: 140). -
65 děti
I. děti I Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `do, say'Page in Trubačev: IV 229-230Old Church Slavic:dějati `do, say' [verb], dějǫ [1sg];děti sę `get to, disappear' [verb], deždǫ sę [1sg] \{1\};-děti `do, say' [verb], -dějǫ [1sg], -deždǫ [1sg], -děnǫ [1sg]Russian:déjat' (dial.) `do, make' [verb], déju [1sg]Czech:díti (obs.) `speak' [verb]Old Czech:Polish:dziać `weave, knit (arch.), do' [verb]Serbo-Croatian:djȅti `do, say' [verb], djȅdēm [1sg], djȅnēm [1sg];djȅsti (Vuk) `do, say' [verb], djȅdēm [1sg], djȅnēm [1sg]Slovene:dẹjáti `do, say' [verb], dẹ̑jem [1sg];dẹjáti `place, put, do, say' [verb], dẹ̑m [1sg];dẹjáti `place, put' [verb], dẹ́nem [1sg], dę́nem [1sg];dẹ́ti `place, put, do, say' [verb], dẹ̑m [1sg]Lithuanian:dė́ti `lay, put' [verb], dẽda [3ps];Latvian:Indo-European reconstruction: dʰeh₁-Page in Pokorny: 235Other cognates:Skt. dádhāti `put, place, make' [verb];Notes:\{1\} The SJS gives děti sę, 1sg. deždǫ sę, 2sg. deždeši sę (Hilf., Venc.). The latter text does not belong to the Old Church Slavic canon. The quoted passages do not show that the present stem dežd- occurs in Hilf. \{2\} In his Old Czech dictionary, Gebauer has děti, děju `do' and děti, děju `speak, say'. In his Czech historical grammar (III.2: 228), however, he says that deju `I speak' is not attested and claims that the attested 1sg. diem is an innovation.II. děti II Grammatical information: Nompf. Proto-Slavic meaning: `children'Page in Trubačev: V 14Old Church Slavic:děti `children' [Nompf]Russian:déti `children' [Nom p]Czech:děti `children' [Nom p]Slovak:Polish:Slovincian:ʒìe̯cä `children' [Nom p]Bulgarian:déti (dial.) `children' [Nom p]Page in Pokorny: 241Comments: A derivative of the root * dʰeh₁-, cf. Latv. dę̂ls `son', dêt `suck'. The singular *dětь is hardly attested. The common singular of the word for `child' is -> *dětę, wehere the suffix *-t- was enlarged with the suffix *-ę < *- ent-, which is frequent in designations of young living creatures.Other cognates: -
66 drobìti
drobìti Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `crumble, crush'Page in Trubačev: V 119Old Church Slavic:droběi (Supr.) `crushing' [pprsa]Church Slavic:Russian:drobít' `crush' [verb], drobljú [1sg], drobít [3sg]Czech:Slovak:Polish:drobić `crumble' [verb]Serbo-Croatian:dròbiti `crush, crumble' [verb], drȍbīm [1sg];Čak. drobȉti (Vrgada) `crush, crumble' [verb], drobĩš [2sg];Čak. drobȉt (Vrgada) `pulverize, crush' [verb], drobĩn [1sg]Slovene:drobíti `crumble, mince' [verb], drobím [1sg]Bulgarian:drobjá `crumble' [verb]Certainty: -Page in Pokorny: 272Comments: LIV (153) reconstructs * dʰreb- on the basis of Germanic forms such as OIc. drepa `beat, kill', OHG treffan `hit'. Since this proto-form is in conflict with Winter's law, I reconstruct *dʰrobʰ-eie- for Slavic. The discrepancy between Slavic may have something to do with the fact that the etymon is of non-Indo-European origin or Kluge's law may have played a role.Other cognates:Notes:\{1\} Unless this is a mistake for gagraban. -
67 drȗgъ
I. drȗgъ I Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `companion, friend'Page in Trubačev: V 131-132Old Church Slavic:Russian:Czech:Slovak:Old Polish:Serbo-Croatian:drȗg `friend' [m o]Slovene:drȗg `companion, best man' [m o]Lithuanian:draũgas `friend' [m o] 4Latvian:dràugs `friend' [m o] 4Comments: Only Balto-Slavic and Germanic, cf. also Go. driugan `be up in arms'. I consider the connection with * dʰreugʰ- `deceive' dubious.Other cognates:Go. gadraúhts `warrior';OIc. dróttinn `prince, lord'II. drȗgъ II Grammatical information: adj. o Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `other';Page in Trubačev: V 131-132Old Church Slavic:Russian:drugój `other' [adj o]Czech:druhý `second, other' [adj o]Slovak:druhý `second, other' [adj o]Polish:Serbo-Croatian:drȗg `second, other' [adj o];Čak. drȕgī (Vrgada) `second, other' [adj o];Čak. drȕgi (Orbanići) `other, second' [adj o]Slovene:drȗg `other' [adj o]Bulgarian:Comments: Etymologically identical with -> *drȗg I. -
68 dȗxъ
dȗxъ Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `breath, spirit'Page in Trubačev: V 153-154Old Church Slavic:Russian:Czech:Slovak:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:dȗh `spirit, breath, smell' [m o], dȗha [Gens];dȕh (Vuk) `spirit, breath, smell' [m o], dùha [Gens];Čak. dȗh (Vrgada) `spirit' [m o], dȗha [Gens];Čak. dȗh (Novi) `spirit' [m o];Čak. dȗh (Orbanići) `ghost' [m o]Slovene:dȗh `spirit, breath, smell' [m o]Bulgarian:Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: douṣosLithuanian:daũsos `air, breath' [Nompf ā]Page in Pokorny: 268Comments: The root shape *dʰous- is peculiar to Balto-Slavic. Elsewhere in and Indo-European - and in Balto-Slavic as well - we find full grades of the type *dʰue/ous- (cf. -> * dvoxati).Other cognates: -
69 ȅsenь
ȅsenь Grammatical information: f. i Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `autumn'Page in Trubačev: VI 28-29Church Slavic:Russian:ósen' `autumn' [f i];jésen' (Rjaz.) `autumn' [f i]Ukrainian:ósin' `autumn' [f i]Slovak:jeseň `autumn' [f i]Polish:jesień `autumn' [f i]Serbo-Croatian:jȅsēn `autumn' [f i];Čak. jȅsēn (Vrgada) `autumn' [f i];Čak. jȅsēn (Novi) `autumn' [f i];Čak. jȅsen (Orbanići) `autumn' [nd]Slovene:jesę́n `autumn' [f i]Bulgarian:jésen `autumn' [f i]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: es-eni-Old Prussian:assanis `autumn'IE meaning: summer, autumnCertainty: +Page in Pokorny: 340Comments: If the root is indeed PIE *h₁s `to be', which would lead to a reconstruction *h₁os-en-, the e- of the Slavic forms as opposed to the *o- elsewhere (Old Prussian being inconclusive) may be an instance of ablaut or a result of "Rozwadowski's change".Other cognates:Notes:The e- of the Slavic forms as opposed to the *o- elsewhere (Old Prussian being unclear) may be an instance of ablaut or a result of "Rozwadowski's change", but it must be said that the etymology is unclear. The Greek forms may reflect *οσαρᾱ, which would point to an r/n-stem. -
70 evьja
evьja; evьn̨a Grammatical information: f. iā; f. jā Proto-Slavic meaning: `granary, drying shed'Page in Trubačev: -Russian:évnja (W. dial.) `granary, drying shed' [f jā];ëvnja (Psk.) `granary, drying shed' [f jā];evnjá (dial.) `drying shed without a ceiling' [f jā]Belorussian:ëŭnja `granary, drying shed' [f jā];éŭnja `granary, drying shed' [f jā];jaŭja (dial.) `granary, drying shed' [f jā] \{1\}Ukrainian:jévnja `granary, drying shed' [f jā]Polish:Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: iouiaHLithuanian:jáuja `granary, drying shed, threshing shed' [f ā] 1 \{3\}Latvian:jaũja `threshing floor' [f ā]Old Prussian:Indo-European reconstruction: ieu-iH-eh₂IE meaning: granaryCertainty: +Page in Pokorny: 512Comments: It is evident that *evьja is a borrowing from Baltic. The Baltic word is a derivative of the word for `grain', Lith. javaĩ, which lacks a Slavic counterpart. The resyllabification of *iau̯-iā to *iau-i̯ā may account for the metatonical acute tone of both the Lithuanian and the Latvian form, if we assume that the original form was *iau̯-ìā. The East Slavic word *ovinъ apparently underwent the e- > o- shift (I do not share Andersen's objections to Trubačëv's Proto-Slavic reconstruction *evinъ, theoretical though it is).Other cognates:Notes:\{1\} The form without -n- has been recorded from 1540 onwards in many different shapes, e.g. ev'ja, jav'ja, evga and javga. According to Anikin (2005: 143), only the form jaŭja is known in the living language. The other forms are limited to areas that were inhabited by Lithuanians.\{2\} Since 1554 many variants have been recorded, e.g. jawia, jawgia, jewia, jowia. \{3\} There are many variants, viz. jáujė, jáujis, jáujas, jáujus. \{4\} The oldest source (1604) has the spelling jawyge (Toporov II: 21). -
71 evьn̨a
evьja; evьn̨a Grammatical information: f. iā; f. jā Proto-Slavic meaning: `granary, drying shed'Page in Trubačev: -Russian:évnja (W. dial.) `granary, drying shed' [f jā];ëvnja (Psk.) `granary, drying shed' [f jā];evnjá (dial.) `drying shed without a ceiling' [f jā]Belorussian:ëŭnja `granary, drying shed' [f jā];éŭnja `granary, drying shed' [f jā];jaŭja (dial.) `granary, drying shed' [f jā] \{1\}Ukrainian:jévnja `granary, drying shed' [f jā]Polish:Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: iouiaHLithuanian:jáuja `granary, drying shed, threshing shed' [f ā] 1 \{3\}Latvian:jaũja `threshing floor' [f ā]Old Prussian:Indo-European reconstruction: ieu-iH-eh₂IE meaning: granaryCertainty: +Page in Pokorny: 512Comments: It is evident that *evьja is a borrowing from Baltic. The Baltic word is a derivative of the word for `grain', Lith. javaĩ, which lacks a Slavic counterpart. The resyllabification of *iau̯-iā to *iau-i̯ā may account for the metatonical acute tone of both the Lithuanian and the Latvian form, if we assume that the original form was *iau̯-ìā. The East Slavic word *ovinъ apparently underwent the e- > o- shift (I do not share Andersen's objections to Trubačëv's Proto-Slavic reconstruction *evinъ, theoretical though it is).Other cognates:Notes:\{1\} The form without -n- has been recorded from 1540 onwards in many different shapes, e.g. ev'ja, jav'ja, evga and javga. According to Anikin (2005: 143), only the form jaŭja is known in the living language. The other forms are limited to areas that were inhabited by Lithuanians.\{2\} Since 1554 many variants have been recorded, e.g. jawia, jawgia, jewia, jowia. \{3\} There are many variants, viz. jáujė, jáujis, jáujas, jáujus. \{4\} The oldest source (1604) has the spelling jawyge (Toporov II: 21). -
72 ęzỳkъ
ęzỳkъ Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: a Proto-Slavic meaning: `tongue, language'Page in Trubačev: VI 74-75Old Church Slavic:językъ `tongue, language, nation' [m o]Russian:jazýk `tongue, language' [m o]Czech:Slovak:Polish:język `tongue, language' [m o]Serbo-Croatian:jèzik `tongue, language' [m o];Čak. jazȉk (Vrgada) `tongue, language' [m o];Čak. zajȉk (Novi, Orbanići) `tongue, language' [m o]Slovene:jézik `tongue, language' [m o], jezíka [Gens]Bulgarian:ezík `tongue, language' [m o]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: inźuʔ-Lithuanian:liežùvis `tongue' [m io] 2Old Prussian:insuwis `tongue'Indo-European reconstruction: dnǵʰ-uh₂-IE meaning: tongueCertainty: +Page in Pokorny: 223Comments: Apparently, the Balto-Slavic noun *inźuʔ- (with loss of initial *d) acquired the suffix *-kъ in Slavic. The nasal vowel of the root is reflected as short in the languages where quantitative differences can be observed, which points to original suffixal stress.Other cognates:Skt. jihvā́- (RV+) `tongue' [f]; -
73 ězъ
ězъ; ěžь; ěža; ezъ Grammatical information: m. o; m. jo; f. jā; m. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `weir'Page in Trubačev: VI 59Church Slavic:Russian:iž (dial.) `fishing tackle made of willow-twigs or a net' [m jo];ëz `fish weir' [m o]Old Russian:ězъ `fish weir' [m o];Belorussian:ez (dial.) `fish weir' [m o]Ukrainian:Czech:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:jȃz `drain (at a dam or weir), mill-pond, dike' [m o];jȇz `mill-pond, dam, weir' [m o];jȃž (dial.) `canal' [m jo];jȃža (dial.) `brook streaming from a spring' [f jā]Slovene:jẹ̑z `dike, dam, weir' [m o], jẹ̑za [Gens], jẹzȗ [Gens];jẹ́ža `dike, dam, weir, mill-pond' [f jā]Bulgarian:Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: ēź-; eź-o-Lithuanian:ežià `boundary(-strip), balk' [f jā] 2Latvian:Old Prussian:asy (EV) `boundary(-strip), balk'Comments: Meanings such as `mill-pond', `drain, canal' and `brook' form a semantic link between *ěz-/ez- `dam, weir' and -> *ȅzero `lake', cf. MoE dike `thick bank or wall built to control water' vs. MoHG Teich `pond'. The original meaning in Balto-Slavic is best covered by the word balk, meaning both `boundary-strip, dividing ridge', `wooden beam' and (dial.) `fishing-weir'. Arm. ezr (-> *ȅzero), which basically means `edge', agrees semantically very well with the Balto-Slavic etymon under discussion. We must reconstruct *h₁ēǵʰ-o/ā-, with an obscure lengthened grade, alongside *h₁eǵʰ-o/ā-.Other cognates: -
74 ěžь
ězъ; ěžь; ěža; ezъ Grammatical information: m. o; m. jo; f. jā; m. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `weir'Page in Trubačev: VI 59Church Slavic:Russian:iž (dial.) `fishing tackle made of willow-twigs or a net' [m jo];ëz `fish weir' [m o]Old Russian:ězъ `fish weir' [m o];Belorussian:ez (dial.) `fish weir' [m o]Ukrainian:Czech:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:jȃz `drain (at a dam or weir), mill-pond, dike' [m o];jȇz `mill-pond, dam, weir' [m o];jȃž (dial.) `canal' [m jo];jȃža (dial.) `brook streaming from a spring' [f jā]Slovene:jẹ̑z `dike, dam, weir' [m o], jẹ̑za [Gens], jẹzȗ [Gens];jẹ́ža `dike, dam, weir, mill-pond' [f jā]Bulgarian:Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: ēź-; eź-o-Lithuanian:ežià `boundary(-strip), balk' [f jā] 2Latvian:Old Prussian:asy (EV) `boundary(-strip), balk'Comments: Meanings such as `mill-pond', `drain, canal' and `brook' form a semantic link between *ěz-/ez- `dam, weir' and -> *ȅzero `lake', cf. MoE dike `thick bank or wall built to control water' vs. MoHG Teich `pond'. The original meaning in Balto-Slavic is best covered by the word balk, meaning both `boundary-strip, dividing ridge', `wooden beam' and (dial.) `fishing-weir'. Arm. ezr (-> *ȅzero), which basically means `edge', agrees semantically very well with the Balto-Slavic etymon under discussion. We must reconstruct *h₁ēǵʰ-o/ā-, with an obscure lengthened grade, alongside *h₁eǵʰ-o/ā-.Other cognates: -
75 ěža
ězъ; ěžь; ěža; ezъ Grammatical information: m. o; m. jo; f. jā; m. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `weir'Page in Trubačev: VI 59Church Slavic:Russian:iž (dial.) `fishing tackle made of willow-twigs or a net' [m jo];ëz `fish weir' [m o]Old Russian:ězъ `fish weir' [m o];Belorussian:ez (dial.) `fish weir' [m o]Ukrainian:Czech:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:jȃz `drain (at a dam or weir), mill-pond, dike' [m o];jȇz `mill-pond, dam, weir' [m o];jȃž (dial.) `canal' [m jo];jȃža (dial.) `brook streaming from a spring' [f jā]Slovene:jẹ̑z `dike, dam, weir' [m o], jẹ̑za [Gens], jẹzȗ [Gens];jẹ́ža `dike, dam, weir, mill-pond' [f jā]Bulgarian:Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: ēź-; eź-o-Lithuanian:ežià `boundary(-strip), balk' [f jā] 2Latvian:Old Prussian:asy (EV) `boundary(-strip), balk'Comments: Meanings such as `mill-pond', `drain, canal' and `brook' form a semantic link between *ěz-/ez- `dam, weir' and -> *ȅzero `lake', cf. MoE dike `thick bank or wall built to control water' vs. MoHG Teich `pond'. The original meaning in Balto-Slavic is best covered by the word balk, meaning both `boundary-strip, dividing ridge', `wooden beam' and (dial.) `fishing-weir'. Arm. ezr (-> *ȅzero), which basically means `edge', agrees semantically very well with the Balto-Slavic etymon under discussion. We must reconstruct *h₁ēǵʰ-o/ā-, with an obscure lengthened grade, alongside *h₁eǵʰ-o/ā-.Other cognates: -
76 ezъ
ězъ; ěžь; ěža; ezъ Grammatical information: m. o; m. jo; f. jā; m. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `weir'Page in Trubačev: VI 59Church Slavic:Russian:iž (dial.) `fishing tackle made of willow-twigs or a net' [m jo];ëz `fish weir' [m o]Old Russian:ězъ `fish weir' [m o];Belorussian:ez (dial.) `fish weir' [m o]Ukrainian:Czech:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:jȃz `drain (at a dam or weir), mill-pond, dike' [m o];jȇz `mill-pond, dam, weir' [m o];jȃž (dial.) `canal' [m jo];jȃža (dial.) `brook streaming from a spring' [f jā]Slovene:jẹ̑z `dike, dam, weir' [m o], jẹ̑za [Gens], jẹzȗ [Gens];jẹ́ža `dike, dam, weir, mill-pond' [f jā]Bulgarian:Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: ēź-; eź-o-Lithuanian:ežià `boundary(-strip), balk' [f jā] 2Latvian:Old Prussian:asy (EV) `boundary(-strip), balk'Comments: Meanings such as `mill-pond', `drain, canal' and `brook' form a semantic link between *ěz-/ez- `dam, weir' and -> *ȅzero `lake', cf. MoE dike `thick bank or wall built to control water' vs. MoHG Teich `pond'. The original meaning in Balto-Slavic is best covered by the word balk, meaning both `boundary-strip, dividing ridge', `wooden beam' and (dial.) `fishing-weir'. Arm. ezr (-> *ȅzero), which basically means `edge', agrees semantically very well with the Balto-Slavic etymon under discussion. We must reconstruct *h₁ēǵʰ-o/ā-, with an obscure lengthened grade, alongside *h₁eǵʰ-o/ā-.Other cognates: -
77 kosà
I. kosà I Grammatical information: f. ā Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `hair, braided hair'Page in Trubačev: XI 131-133Church Slavic:Russian:kosá `braid, plait' [f ā], kósu [Accs]Old Russian:Old Czech:Old Polish:Serbo-Croatian:kòsa `hair, wool' [f ā], kȍsu [Accs];Čak. kȍse (Vrgada) `hair, wool' [Nompf ā];Čak. kosȁ (Novi) `hair, wool' [f ā], kosȕ [Accs], kȍsu [Accs], kosȅ [Nom p], kȍse [Nom p];Kajk. kyesȍ (Bednja) `hair, wool' [f ā], kesȏu [Accs], kyȇsu [Accs]Bulgarian:kosá `hair' [f ā]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: kosaʔLithuanian:kasà `braid' [f ā]Old Prussian:kexti `Zopfhaar'Indo-European reconstruction: kos-eh₂Page in Pokorny: 585Other cognates:II. kosà II Grammatical information: f. ā Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `scythe'Page in Trubačev: XI 133-135Church Slavic:Russian:kosá `scythe, spit (geog.)' [f ā], kosú [Accs], kósu [Accs]Czech:Slovak:Polish:Upper Sorbian:Serbo-Croatian:kòsa `scythe' [f ā], kȍsu [Accs];Čak. kȍse (Vrgada) `hair, wool' [Nompf ā];Čak. kosȁ (Novi) `scythe' [Nompf ā], kosȕ [Accs], kȍsu [Accs];Čak. kosȁ (kȍsa) (Orbanići) `scythe' [f ā], kȍso [Accs]Slovene:kósa `scythe, spit (geog.)' [f ā]Bulgarian:kosá `scythe' [f ā]Indo-European reconstruction: kos-eh₂ -
78 medvě̀dь
medvě̀dь Grammatical information: m. jo Accent paradigm: a Proto-Slavic meaning: `bear'Page in Trubačev: XVIII 55, 65-67Old Church Slavic:medvědь (PsDim.) `bear' [m jo] \{1\}Church Slavic:medvědь (Par., Hval.) `bear' [m jo] \{2\}Russian:medvéd' `bear' [m jo]Czech:medvěd `bear' [m o]Slovak:Polish:miedźwiedź (arch., dial.) `bear' [m jo] \{3\}Serbo-Croatian:mèdvjed `bear' [m o];Čak. medvȉd (Vrgada) `bear' [m o];Čak. medvȉd (Novi) `bear' [m o];Čak. medvȅd (Orbanići) `bear' [m o]Slovene:médvẹd `bear' [m o], medvẹ́da [Gens]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: medveʔd-i-Indo-European reconstruction: medʰ-u-h₁ed-i-IE meaning: honey-eaterCertainty: +Page in Pokorny: 288, 707Other cognates:Skt. madh(u)vád- `honey-eater'Notes:\{1\} The Psalter of Dimitri belongs to the corpus which was discovered at St. Catherine's monastery in 1975. Strictly speaking it might be classified as a Middle Bulgarian text (Birnbaum and Schaeken 1997: 143). \{2\} The attestations occur in a Croatian MS. from the 14th century and a Serbian MS. from the 15th century, respectively. \{3\} In West Slavic, we find secondary forms with n-, e.g. (O)Pl. niedźwiedź, OCz. nedvěd. -
79 mě̑xъ
mě̑xъ; měšъkъ Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `bag (made from skin)'Page in Trubačev: XVIII 156-159, 220-221Old Church Slavic:měxъ `wine-skin' [m o]Russian:mešók `bag' [m o], mešká [Gens]Czech:měch `bag, net' [m o];míšek `purse, small bag' [m o], mešká [Gens]Slovak:Polish:Slovincian:mjìex `bag, bellows' [m o]Upper Sorbian:měch `bag, bellows' [m o]Serbo-Croatian:mȉjeh `bellows, wine-skin' [m o], mȉjeha [Gens];Čak. mȋh (Vrgada) `bellows, wine-skin' [m o], mȋha [Gens];Čak. mȋh (Novi) `bellows, wine-skin' [m o];Čak. miȇh (Vrgada) `bellows, bag-pipes' [m o], miȇhe [Locs]Slovene:mẹ̑h `fur, wine-skin, bellows, leather bag' [m o/u], mẹ̑ha [Gens], mẹhȗ [Gens];mẹ̑šǝk `small bellows' [m o]Bulgarian:Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: moiṣósLithuanian:maĩšas `bag, sack' [m o] 4 \{2\}Latvian:màiss `bag' [m o]Old Prussian:moasis (EV) `bellows'Indo-European reconstruction: moiso-IE meaning: ramCertainty: +Page in Pokorny: 747Comments: I feel that we should not attach too much importance to De Vries's observation that with respect to Germanic it is unwarranted to start from an original meaning `Tragkorb aus Fell' (1962: 382). In fact, the same would apply to the Baltic forms. I consider the semantic similarity between, for instance, Lith. maĩšas `ein aus Schnüren gestricktes Heunetz' (note that the meaning `net' is also attested in Slavic), OIc. heymeiss `hay-sack' and Eng. (dial.) maiz `large, light hay-basket' sufficient evidence for the etymological identity of the Germanic and the Balto-Slavic forms. MoIr. moais `bag, hamper', moaiseog `wicker basket' is doubtless a borrowing from Germanic.Other cognates:Skt. meṣá- `ram';Notes:\{1\} The plural noun mexí means `fur bag, wine-skin'. \{2\} Friedrich Kurschat's dictionary (1883) mentions the more specific meaning `ein aus Schnüren gestricktes Heunetz'. -
80 měšъkъ
mě̑xъ; měšъkъ Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `bag (made from skin)'Page in Trubačev: XVIII 156-159, 220-221Old Church Slavic:měxъ `wine-skin' [m o]Russian:mešók `bag' [m o], mešká [Gens]Czech:měch `bag, net' [m o];míšek `purse, small bag' [m o], mešká [Gens]Slovak:Polish:Slovincian:mjìex `bag, bellows' [m o]Upper Sorbian:měch `bag, bellows' [m o]Serbo-Croatian:mȉjeh `bellows, wine-skin' [m o], mȉjeha [Gens];Čak. mȋh (Vrgada) `bellows, wine-skin' [m o], mȋha [Gens];Čak. mȋh (Novi) `bellows, wine-skin' [m o];Čak. miȇh (Vrgada) `bellows, bag-pipes' [m o], miȇhe [Locs]Slovene:mẹ̑h `fur, wine-skin, bellows, leather bag' [m o/u], mẹ̑ha [Gens], mẹhȗ [Gens];mẹ̑šǝk `small bellows' [m o]Bulgarian:Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: moiṣósLithuanian:maĩšas `bag, sack' [m o] 4 \{2\}Latvian:màiss `bag' [m o]Old Prussian:moasis (EV) `bellows'Indo-European reconstruction: moiso-IE meaning: ramCertainty: +Page in Pokorny: 747Comments: I feel that we should not attach too much importance to De Vries's observation that with respect to Germanic it is unwarranted to start from an original meaning `Tragkorb aus Fell' (1962: 382). In fact, the same would apply to the Baltic forms. I consider the semantic similarity between, for instance, Lith. maĩšas `ein aus Schnüren gestricktes Heunetz' (note that the meaning `net' is also attested in Slavic), OIc. heymeiss `hay-sack' and Eng. (dial.) maiz `large, light hay-basket' sufficient evidence for the etymological identity of the Germanic and the Balto-Slavic forms. MoIr. moais `bag, hamper', moaiseog `wicker basket' is doubtless a borrowing from Germanic.Other cognates:Skt. meṣá- `ram';Notes:\{1\} The plural noun mexí means `fur bag, wine-skin'. \{2\} Friedrich Kurschat's dictionary (1883) mentions the more specific meaning `ein aus Schnüren gestricktes Heunetz'.
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