simplex

singŭli, ae, a (in sing. only ante- and post-class.; v. infra), num. distr. adj. [cf. simul, v. simplex].

One to each, separate, single (opp. universi;

for syn. cf.: privus, unusquisque): vini in culleos singulos quadragenae et singulae urnae dabuntur,

Cato, R. R. 148, 1:

ut ad denas capras singulos parent hircos,

Varr. R. R. 2, 3 fin.:

binae singulis quae datae nobis ancillae,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 12:

describebat censores binos in singulas civitates,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 53, § 133:

duodena describit in singulos homines jugera,

id. Agr. 2, 31, 85:

filiae singulos filios parvos habentes,

each one a boy, Liv. 40, 4, 2:

croci, myrrhae, singulorum (tantum), etc.,

of each, Cels. 6, 11:

singuli singulorum deorum sacerdotes,

a priest to each god, Cic. Leg. 2, 12, 29:

quos ex omni copiā singuli singulos delegerant,

Caes. B. G. 1, 48; 2, 20:

si singuli singulos aggressuri fueritis,

Liv. 6, 18, 6 et saep.— Sing.:

nummo singulo multabatur (for which, shortly before: poena erat nummus unus sestertius),

Gell. 18, 13, 6.—

In dies singulos, adverb., from day to day, every day, daily; cottidie vel potius in dies singulos breviores litteras ad te mitto, Cic. Att. 5, 7, 1:

crescit in dies singulos hostium numerus,

id. Cat. 1, 2, 5; id. Att. 2, 22, 3.—

In gen., single, separate, individual:

populus rationi (obtemperare debet), nos singuli populo,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 6 Müll.:

honestius eum (agrum) vos universi quam singuli possideretis,

Cic. Agr. 2, 31, 85:

antepono singulis (generibus rei publicae) illud, quod conflatum fuerit ex omnibus,

id. Rep. 1, 35, 54:

refert, qui audiant... frequentes an pauci an singuli,

id. de Or. 3, 55, 211:

ut conquisitores singuli in subsellia Eant,

Plaut. Am. prol. 65:

singulorum dominatus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 39, 61; 1, 40, 63; 2, 1, 2 et saep.:

proderit per se ipsum secedere: meliores erimus singuli,

alone, Sen. Ot. Sap. 1, 1 (id. Vit. Beat. 28, 2):

quod est miserrimum, numquam sumus singuli,

id. Q. N. 4, § 2 praef. — Sing. (for the class. unus or singularis):

attat singulum video vestigium,

a single trace, Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 34:

de caelo et tritico non infitias eo, quin singulo semper numero dicenda sint,

in the singular number, Gell. 19, 8, 5: semel unum singulum est, Varr. ap. Non. p. 171, 20 al.; cf. Mart. Cap. 3, § 325.

subtīlis, e, adj. [sub-tela; and therefore, prop., woven fine; hence], fine, not thick or coarse, thin, slender, minute (syn. tenuis).

Lit. (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose;

not in Cic.): quae vulgo volitant subtili praedita filo,

Lucr. 4, 88:

ventus subtili corpore tenuis,

id. 4, 901; cf. id. 3, 195; Cat. 54, 3:

acies gladii,

Sen. Ep. 76, 14:

farina,

Plin. 18, 7, 14, § 74:

mitra,

Cat. 64, 63:

ignis,

Lucr. 6, 225:

subtilia et minuta primordia rerum,

id. 4, 122; 4, 114.— Subst.: subtīlĭa, ĭum, n. plur., fine goods or stuffs, Vulg. Isa. 19, 9:

indui te subtilibus,

id. Ezech. 16, 10.— Comp.:

harundo,

Plin. 16, 36, 66, § 168:

semen raporum,

id. 18, 13, 34, § 129.— Sup.:

sucus subtilissimus,

Plin. 11, 5, 4, § 11.—

Transf., of the senses, fine, nice, acute, delicate, exqui site (rare):

palatum,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 38:

subtilior gula,

Col. 8, 16, 4.—

Trop., fine, nice, precise, exact, accurate, keen, subtle (class.; syn.: elegans, concinnus).

In gen.:

sollers subtilisque descriptio,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 121:

definitio,

id. de Or. 1, 23, 109:

observatio,

Plin. 18, 13, 35, § 132:

sententia,

id. 18, 17, 46, § 165:

argumentatio,

id. 2, 108, 112, § 247:

quaestio,

id. 11, 16, 16, § 46:

Graecia,

Manil. 4, 718.— Comp.:

reliquae (epistulae) subtiliores erunt,

more particular, Cic. Att. 5, 14, 3.— Sup.:

quae (curatio manus) inter subtilissimas haberi potest,

Cels. 7, 7, 13:

inventum,

Plin. 31, 3, 23, § 40:

Democritus, subtilissimus antiquorum,

Sen. Q. N. 7, 3, 2.—

Transf., of taste or judgment, fine, keen, delicate, exquisite (syn.:

sagax, acutus): judicium,

Cic. Fam. 15, 6, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 242; cf.:

subtilis veterum judex,

id. S. 2, 7, 101:

sapiens subtilisque lector,

Plin. Ep. 4, 14, 7:

vir subtilis, dispositus, acer, disertus,

id. ib. 2, 11, 17; 4, 17, 4.—

In partic., in rhet., of speech or of the speaker, plain, simple, unadorned (syn. simplex):

genus dicendi,

Cic. Or. 21, 69; cf.:

acutissimum et subtilissimum dicendi genus,

id. de Or. 2, 23, 98:

oratio,

id. Or. 5, 20; cf. id. ib. 23, 78:

Stoicorum non ignoras, quam sit subtile vel spinosum potius dicendi genus,

id. Fin. 3, 1, 3: subtile quod ischnon vocant, Quint. 12, 10, 58:

disputator,

Cic. Off. 1, 1, 3:

quis illo (Catone) in docendo edisserendoque subtilior?

id. Brut. 17, 65:

oratione limatus atque subtilis,

id. de Or. 1, 39, 180; cf. id. de Or. 3, 8, 31: Lysias subtilis scriptor atque [p. 1785] elegans, id. Brut. 9, 35; Quint. 10, 1, 78:

praeceptor,

id. 1, 4, 25; 12, 10, 51.—Hence, adv.: subtīlĭter, finely, minutely.

Lit.:

subtiliter insinuatus ad parvas partes aër,

Lucr. 6, 1031:

conexae res,

closely, intimately, id. 3, 739:

dividere aliquid,

Plin. 5, 12, 13, § 67:

fodere,

lightly, superficially, Pall. Febr. 21 fin. —

Trop., finely, acutely, minutely, accurately, subtly.

In gen.:

subtiliter judicare,

finely, acutely, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 127:

de re publicā quid ego tibi subtiliter? tota periit,

minutely, particularly, id. Att. 2, 21, 1; cf.:

haec ad te scribam alias subtilius,

id. ib. 1, 13, 4:

subtiliter exsequi numerum,

Liv. 3, 5:

de aliquā re subtiliter disserere,

Cic. Fl. 17, 41:

aliquid persequi,

id. de Or. 1, 21, 98; cf.:

id persequar subtilius,

id. Rep. 2, 23, 42:

subtilius haec disserunt,

id. Lael. 5, 18:

subtilius ista quaerunt,

id. ib. 2, 7 et saep. —

In partic., in rhet., plainly, simply, without ornament:

humilia subtiliter et magna graviter et mediocria temperate dicere,

Cic. Or. 29, 100:

versute et subtiliter dicere,

id. ib. 7, 22:

privatas causas agere subtilius: capitis aut famae ornatius,

id. Fam. 9, 21, 1:

magnifice an subtiliter dicere,

Quint. 8, 3, 40.

subtīlis, e, adj. [sub-tela; and therefore, prop., woven fine; hence], fine, not thick or coarse, thin, slender, minute (syn. tenuis).

Lit. (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose;

not in Cic.): quae vulgo volitant subtili praedita filo,

Lucr. 4, 88:

ventus subtili corpore tenuis,

id. 4, 901; cf. id. 3, 195; Cat. 54, 3:

acies gladii,

Sen. Ep. 76, 14:

farina,

Plin. 18, 7, 14, § 74:

mitra,

Cat. 64, 63:

ignis,

Lucr. 6, 225:

subtilia et minuta primordia rerum,

id. 4, 122; 4, 114.— Subst.: subtīlĭa, ĭum, n. plur., fine goods or stuffs, Vulg. Isa. 19, 9:

indui te subtilibus,

id. Ezech. 16, 10.— Comp.:

harundo,

Plin. 16, 36, 66, § 168:

semen raporum,

id. 18, 13, 34, § 129.— Sup.:

sucus subtilissimus,

Plin. 11, 5, 4, § 11.—

Transf., of the senses, fine, nice, acute, delicate, exqui site (rare):

palatum,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 38:

subtilior gula,

Col. 8, 16, 4.—

Trop., fine, nice, precise, exact, accurate, keen, subtle (class.; syn.: elegans, concinnus).

In gen.:

sollers subtilisque descriptio,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 121:

definitio,

id. de Or. 1, 23, 109:

observatio,

Plin. 18, 13, 35, § 132:

sententia,

id. 18, 17, 46, § 165:

argumentatio,

id. 2, 108, 112, § 247:

quaestio,

id. 11, 16, 16, § 46:

Graecia,

Manil. 4, 718.— Comp.:

reliquae (epistulae) subtiliores erunt,

more particular, Cic. Att. 5, 14, 3.— Sup.:

quae (curatio manus) inter subtilissimas haberi potest,

Cels. 7, 7, 13:

inventum,

Plin. 31, 3, 23, § 40:

Democritus, subtilissimus antiquorum,

Sen. Q. N. 7, 3, 2.—

Transf., of taste or judgment, fine, keen, delicate, exquisite (syn.:

sagax, acutus): judicium,

Cic. Fam. 15, 6, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 242; cf.:

subtilis veterum judex,

id. S. 2, 7, 101:

sapiens subtilisque lector,

Plin. Ep. 4, 14, 7:

vir subtilis, dispositus, acer, disertus,

id. ib. 2, 11, 17; 4, 17, 4.—

In partic., in rhet., of speech or of the speaker, plain, simple, unadorned (syn. simplex):

genus dicendi,

Cic. Or. 21, 69; cf.:

acutissimum et subtilissimum dicendi genus,

id. de Or. 2, 23, 98:

oratio,

id. Or. 5, 20; cf. id. ib. 23, 78:

Stoicorum non ignoras, quam sit subtile vel spinosum potius dicendi genus,

id. Fin. 3, 1, 3: subtile quod ischnon vocant, Quint. 12, 10, 58:

disputator,

Cic. Off. 1, 1, 3:

quis illo (Catone) in docendo edisserendoque subtilior?

id. Brut. 17, 65:

oratione limatus atque subtilis,

id. de Or. 1, 39, 180; cf. id. de Or. 3, 8, 31: Lysias subtilis scriptor atque [p. 1785] elegans, id. Brut. 9, 35; Quint. 10, 1, 78:

praeceptor,

id. 1, 4, 25; 12, 10, 51.—Hence, adv.: subtīlĭter, finely, minutely.

Lit.:

subtiliter insinuatus ad parvas partes aër,

Lucr. 6, 1031:

conexae res,

closely, intimately, id. 3, 739:

dividere aliquid,

Plin. 5, 12, 13, § 67:

fodere,

lightly, superficially, Pall. Febr. 21 fin. —

Trop., finely, acutely, minutely, accurately, subtly.

In gen.:

subtiliter judicare,

finely, acutely, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 127:

de re publicā quid ego tibi subtiliter? tota periit,

minutely, particularly, id. Att. 2, 21, 1; cf.:

haec ad te scribam alias subtilius,

id. ib. 1, 13, 4:

subtiliter exsequi numerum,

Liv. 3, 5:

de aliquā re subtiliter disserere,

Cic. Fl. 17, 41:

aliquid persequi,

id. de Or. 1, 21, 98; cf.:

id persequar subtilius,

id. Rep. 2, 23, 42:

subtilius haec disserunt,

id. Lael. 5, 18:

subtilius ista quaerunt,

id. ib. 2, 7 et saep. —

In partic., in rhet., plainly, simply, without ornament:

humilia subtiliter et magna graviter et mediocria temperate dicere,

Cic. Or. 29, 100:

versute et subtiliter dicere,

id. ib. 7, 22:

privatas causas agere subtilius: capitis aut famae ornatius,

id. Fam. 9, 21, 1:

magnifice an subtiliter dicere,

Quint. 8, 3, 40.

tempĕro, āvi, ātum, 1 (old pres. subj. temperint, Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 41; collat. dep. form tempĕror, Lact. 7, 5, 12), v. a. and n. [tempus].

Act., to divide or proportion duly, mingle in due proportion; to combine or compound properly; to qualify, temper, etc. (class.; cf.: modifico, misceo).

Lit.:

nec vero qui simplex esse debet, ex dissimilibus rebus misceri et temperari potest,

Cic. Off. 3, 33, 119:

qui (orbium motus) acuta cum gravibus temperans varios aequabiliter concentus efficit,

id. Rep. 6, 18, 18:

ea cum tria sumpsisset, unam in speciem temperavit,

id. Univ. 7:

tale quiddam esse animum, ut sit ex igni atque animă temperatum,

id. N. D. 3, 14, 36:

aes conflare et temperare,

Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 197:

ferrum,

id. 34, 14, 41, § 145:

herbas,

Ov. F. 5, 402:

acetum melle,

Plin. 14, 17, 21, § 114:

vinum,

id. 29, 3, 11, § 50: pocula, to flavor, i. e. to fill, Hor. C. 1, 20, 11; id. Epod. 17, 80; Mart. 9, 12, 7:

venenum,

Suet. Ner. 2 fin.:

unguentum,

Plin. 13, 2, 2, § 18:

collyrium,

id. 27, 10, 59, § 83:

colores,

id. 2, 18, 16, § 79 et saep.:

ejusdem solis tum accessus modici tum recessus et frigoris et caloris modum temperant,

Cic. N. D. 2, 19, 49:

Etesiarum flatu nimii temperantur calores,

id. ib. 2, 53, 131; cf.:

vitis solem umbra temperans,

Plin. 17, 12, 18, § 91: quis aquam (i. e. balneum) temperet ignibus, who shall temper, i. e. warm, Hor. C. 3, 19, 6; so, balneum, Mart. 3, 25, 1:

scatebrisque arentia temperat arva,

i. e. waters, Verg. G. 1, 110; so,

arva (Galesus),

Claud. Cons. Prob. 260.—

Transf., to rule, regulate, govern, manage, arrange, order:

rem publicam institutis et legibus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; cf.:

constituere et temperare civitates,

id. Ac. 2, 1, 3:

Lycurgus, qui Lacedaemoniorum rem publicam temperavit,

id. Div. 1, 43, 96; cf.:

qui (Juppiter) res hominum ac deorum, Qui mare ac terras variisque mundum Temperat horis,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 16:

terram, mare, urbes, etc. (corresp. to regere),

id. ib. 3, 4, 45:

mare,

id. ib. 4, 12, 1:

aequor,

Verg. A. 1, 146:

orbem,

Ov. M. 1, 770; 15, 869:

arces aetherias,

id. ib. 15, 859:

undas,

id. ib. 12, 580:

ratem,

id. ib. 13, 366:

solus id navigii genus temperans,

Vell. 2, 107:

omnia pretio temperata,

id. 2, 60:

senem delirum,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 71:

ora frenis,

id. C. 1, 8, 7 et saep.:

genius qui natale temperat astrum,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 187:

annum,

id. ib. 1, 12, 16; Plin. 2, 6, 4, § 13:

caeli fulgura,

Cic. Leg. 8, 21:

fortunam suo arbitrio,

Petr. 137.— Poet.:

carmen impositis articulis,

i. e. to tune, Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 80; cf.:

testudinis aureae strepitum,

Hor. C. 4, 3, 18:

Musam pede Archilochi,

id. Ep. 1, 19, 28 sq.:

citharam nervis,

i. e. to string, Ov. M. 10, 108.—

Trop.

To regulate, rule, etc.:

non modice temperatam sed nimis meracam libertatem sitiens haurire,

Cic. Rep. 1, 43, 96; cf.:

cujus acerbitas morum immanitasque naturae ne vino quidem permixta temperari solet,

id. Phil. 12, 11, 26:

quod (genus) erit aequatum et temperatum ex tribus optimis rerum publicarum modis,

id. Rep. 1, 45, 69; cf. id. ib. 2, 39, 65:

ita in variā et perpetuā oratione hi (numeri) sunt inter se miscendi et temperandi,

id. Or. 58, 197; so,

joined with miscere,

id. Off. 3, 33, 119 (on the contrary, opp. miscere, id. Rep. 2, 23, 42); cf.:

at haec interdum temperanda et varianda sunt,

id. Or. 29, 103; 18, 60; 52, 176:

iracundiam cohibere, victoriam temperare,

id. Marcell. 3, 8:

amara lento Temperet risu,

Hor. C. 2, 16, 27: annonam macelli quotannis temperandam censuit, to be regulated, i. e. fixed at moderate prices, Suet. Tib. 34:

(Aeolus) Sceptra tenens mollitque animos et temperat iras,

soothes, allays, Verg. A. 1, 57:

sumptus,

Ov. Am. 1, 3, 10:

Mercurius temperat astra,

Stat. Th. 1, 305.—

Se temperare ab aliquā re, to refrain from, abstain from, forbear, etc. (late Lat.): temperare se a rectorum suorum reprehensione, Greg. M. in Job, 25, 38 init.; 18, 3: ab utro se temperat, Aug. c. Faust. 6, 5 fin.; id. Trin. 3 prooem.

Neutr., to observe proper measure; to moderate or restrain one ' s self; to forbear, abstain; to be moderate or temperate (class.; cf. moderor).

In gen., constr. with in aliquā re, alicui rei, ab aliquā re, a simple abl., an inf., or ne or quin with subj.

With in and abl.:

jam istoc probior es, cum in amore temperes,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 8:

in multa temperarunt tribuni,

Liv. 2, 52, 5; Sall. J. 85, 9.—

With dat.:

linguae tempera,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 28; so,

linguae,

Liv. 28, 44, 18:

linguae,

Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 2:

manibus,

Liv. 2, 23, 9; 4, 3, 6; 32, 20, 3; Curt. 7, 2, 24:

oculis,

Liv. 21, 22, 7:

irae,

id. 33, 20, 7:

victoriae,

Sall. C. 11, 8:

gulae,

Plin. Ep. 2, 6, 5:

lacrimis,

Curt. 7, 2, 7.—

With ab and abl.:

temperare ab injuriā et maleficio,

Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

a maleficio,

Auct. Her. 2, 19, 29:

a lacrimis,

Verg. A. 2, 8:

precibus ducis mitigati ab excidio civitatis temperavere,

Tac. H. 1, 63.—Rarely with sibi, etc.:

cum sibi in contionibus credas a mendacio temperaturum?

Auct. Her. 4, 18, 25:

ne a necessariis quidem sibi rabies temperat,

Sen. Clem. 1, 26, 4.—

With abl. alone:

lacrimis,

Liv. 30, 20; Tac. A. 15, 16:

a venatibus,

Claud. III. Laud. Stil. 270:

risu,

Liv. 32, 34, 3: neque verbis adversus principem neque factis, Suet. Vit. Lucan.—

With inf.:

matronae Canorā hic voce suā tinnire temperent,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 33:

dormire,

id. ib. 22:

maledicere huic,

id. ib. 5, 2, 76: tollere puerum, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 21, 42 (Trag. v. 67 Vahl.):

exordiri rem novam,

Gell. 4, 9, 5. —

With ne and subj.:

quoi male faciundi est potestas, quom ne id faciat temperat,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 60:

quod in pluribus libris ne facerem temperavi,

Lact. 4, 3, 5.—

With quin (post-Aug.):

non temperante Tiberio quin premeret,

Tac. A. 3, 67: ne sedato quidem tumultu temperare potuit, quin, etc., Suet. Claud. 41; id. Calig. 54:

vix temperabat, quin diceret,

Sen. Contr. 10, 1 (30), 7:

Arruntius non temperavit, quin, etc.,

id. Ep. 114, 19.—

With sibi or animis (so not in Cicero):

neque sibi homines feros temperaturos existimabat, quin, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 33:

vix sibi temperant quin, etc.,

Sen. Ben. 2, 29, 2; Vell. 1, 16, 1: usque mihi temperavi, dum perducerem eo rem, ut, etc., Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 7, 2:

nequeo mihi temperare, quominus, etc.,

Plin. 18, 6, 8, § 41; 1, praef. §

30: non quivit temperare sibi in eo (signo), etc.,

id. 34, 8, 19, § 62; Plin. Ep. 6, 17, 1:

vix temperavere animis, quin, etc.,

Liv. 5, 45, 7.—

Impers. pass.:

aegre temperatum est, quin, etc.,

they with difficulty refrained, Liv. 32, 10, 8:

nec temperatum manibus foret, ni, etc.,

id. 2, 23, 10:

jam superfundenti se laetitiae vix temperatum est,

id. 5, 7, 8:

ab oppugnatione urbium temperatum,

id. 7, 20, 9:

a caedibus,

id. 25, 25, 9.—

In partic., pregn., to forbear, abstain, or refrain from; to spare, be indulgent to any thing (cf.: parco, abstineo); constr. with dat. or ab:

ut si cuiquam ullā in re umquam temperaverit, ut vos quoque ei temperetis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 17:

superatis hostibus (shortly after, parcere),

id. ib. 2, 2, 2, §

4: sociis,

id. ib. 2, 1, 59, §

154: alicui in aliquā re,

id. ib. 2, 2, 6, §

17: amicis,

id. Balb. 27, 60:

privignis,

Hor. C. 3, 24, 18:

ingenio suo,

Quint. 10, 1, 98 al.:

in quo ab sociis temperaverant,

Liv. 6, 17, 8:

ab his sacris,

id. 39, 10, 9:

quamvis a plerisque cibis singuli temperemus,

Plin. Ep. 2, 5, 8; cf.:

a mulso sibi temperare,

Cels. 4, 31.— Impers. pass.:

templis deum temperatum est,

Liv. 1, 29, 6 Drak. N. cr.:

nec ab ullo temperatum foret,

id. 24, 31, 11.—Hence,

tempĕ-rans, antis, P. a., observing moderation, sober, moderate, temperate (syn.:

modestus, abstinens): aut temperantem (dices), qui se in aliquā libidine continuerit, in aliquā effuderit?

Cic. Par. 3, 1, 21:

homo in omnibus vitae partibus moderatus ac temperans, etc.,

id. Font. 18, 40; so,

homo,

id. Att. 15, 1, 1.— Sup.:

homo sanctissimus et temperantissimus,

Cic. Font. 17, 38:

principes graviores temperantioresque a cupidine imperii,

refraining, abstaining, Liv. 26, 22, 14 Drak. N. cr. —With gen.:

famae temperans,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 41:

temperans gaudii seraeque laetitiae,

Plin. Pan. 52, 5:

potestatis temperantior,

Tac. A. 13, 46.—Hence, adv.: tempĕranter, with moderation, moderately, Tac. A. 4, 33; 15, 29. — Comp., Cic. Att. 9, 2, A, 2.— Sup. seems not to occur.—

tempĕrātus, a, um, P. a.

Duly arranged or prepared:

prela,

Cato, R. R. 12.—

Limited, moderate, temperate.

Lit.:

temperatae escae modicaeque potiones,

Cic. Div. 1, 51, 115:

regiones caeli neque aestuosae neque frigidae sed temperatae,

Vitr. 1, 4; cf. Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 26.— Comp.:

loca temperatiora,

Caes. B. G. 5, 12:

o temperatae dulce Formiae litus,

Mart. 10, 30, 1:

mitis ac temperatus annus,

Col. 3, 20, 1; cf. in sup.:

temperatissimum anni tempus,

Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 14.—

Trop., of moral character, of speech, etc., moderate, sober, calm, steady, temperate:

est autem ita temperatis moderatisque moribus, ut summa severitas summā cum humanitate jungatur,

Cic. Fam. 12, 27:

justi, temperati, sapientes,

id. N. D. 3, 36, 87: in victoriā tem, peratior, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15, 1:

mens in bonis Ab insolenti temperata Laetitiā,

Hor. C. 2, 3, 3:

vim temperatam di provehunt In majus,

id. ib. 3, 4, 66:

animum temperatum virtutibus fuisse,

Liv. 1, 18, 4:

hoc multo fortius est... illud temperatius,

Sen. Ep. 18, 3:

aequabile et temperatum orationis genus,

Cic. Off. 1, 1, 3:

oratio modica ac temperata,

id. Or. 27, 95.— Comp.:

temperatior oratio,

Cic. de Or. 2, 53, 212.— Sup.:

temperatissimi sanctissimique viri monumentum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 38, § 83. — Adv.: tempĕrātē, in due proportion, with moderation, moderately, temperately.

Lit.:

tepebit,

Cato, R. R. 69, 2:

arbores umoris temperate, parum terreni habentes,

Vitr. 2, 9 med. —

Trop.:

agere,

Cic. Att. 12, 32, 1:

temperatius scribere,

id. ib. 13, 1, 1:

temperatissime et castissime vivere,

Aug. Mus. 6, 15.

tempĕro, āvi, ātum, 1 (old pres. subj. temperint, Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 41; collat. dep. form tempĕror, Lact. 7, 5, 12), v. a. and n. [tempus].

Act., to divide or proportion duly, mingle in due proportion; to combine or compound properly; to qualify, temper, etc. (class.; cf.: modifico, misceo).

Lit.:

nec vero qui simplex esse debet, ex dissimilibus rebus misceri et temperari potest,

Cic. Off. 3, 33, 119:

qui (orbium motus) acuta cum gravibus temperans varios aequabiliter concentus efficit,

id. Rep. 6, 18, 18:

ea cum tria sumpsisset, unam in speciem temperavit,

id. Univ. 7:

tale quiddam esse animum, ut sit ex igni atque animă temperatum,

id. N. D. 3, 14, 36:

aes conflare et temperare,

Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 197:

ferrum,

id. 34, 14, 41, § 145:

herbas,

Ov. F. 5, 402:

acetum melle,

Plin. 14, 17, 21, § 114:

vinum,

id. 29, 3, 11, § 50: pocula, to flavor, i. e. to fill, Hor. C. 1, 20, 11; id. Epod. 17, 80; Mart. 9, 12, 7:

venenum,

Suet. Ner. 2 fin.:

unguentum,

Plin. 13, 2, 2, § 18:

collyrium,

id. 27, 10, 59, § 83:

colores,

id. 2, 18, 16, § 79 et saep.:

ejusdem solis tum accessus modici tum recessus et frigoris et caloris modum temperant,

Cic. N. D. 2, 19, 49:

Etesiarum flatu nimii temperantur calores,

id. ib. 2, 53, 131; cf.:

vitis solem umbra temperans,

Plin. 17, 12, 18, § 91: quis aquam (i. e. balneum) temperet ignibus, who shall temper, i. e. warm, Hor. C. 3, 19, 6; so, balneum, Mart. 3, 25, 1:

scatebrisque arentia temperat arva,

i. e. waters, Verg. G. 1, 110; so,

arva (Galesus),

Claud. Cons. Prob. 260.—

Transf., to rule, regulate, govern, manage, arrange, order:

rem publicam institutis et legibus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; cf.:

constituere et temperare civitates,

id. Ac. 2, 1, 3:

Lycurgus, qui Lacedaemoniorum rem publicam temperavit,

id. Div. 1, 43, 96; cf.:

qui (Juppiter) res hominum ac deorum, Qui mare ac terras variisque mundum Temperat horis,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 16:

terram, mare, urbes, etc. (corresp. to regere),

id. ib. 3, 4, 45:

mare,

id. ib. 4, 12, 1:

aequor,

Verg. A. 1, 146:

orbem,

Ov. M. 1, 770; 15, 869:

arces aetherias,

id. ib. 15, 859:

undas,

id. ib. 12, 580:

ratem,

id. ib. 13, 366:

solus id navigii genus temperans,

Vell. 2, 107:

omnia pretio temperata,

id. 2, 60:

senem delirum,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 71:

ora frenis,

id. C. 1, 8, 7 et saep.:

genius qui natale temperat astrum,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 187:

annum,

id. ib. 1, 12, 16; Plin. 2, 6, 4, § 13:

caeli fulgura,

Cic. Leg. 8, 21:

fortunam suo arbitrio,

Petr. 137.— Poet.:

carmen impositis articulis,

i. e. to tune, Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 80; cf.:

testudinis aureae strepitum,

Hor. C. 4, 3, 18:

Musam pede Archilochi,

id. Ep. 1, 19, 28 sq.:

citharam nervis,

i. e. to string, Ov. M. 10, 108.—

Trop.

To regulate, rule, etc.:

non modice temperatam sed nimis meracam libertatem sitiens haurire,

Cic. Rep. 1, 43, 96; cf.:

cujus acerbitas morum immanitasque naturae ne vino quidem permixta temperari solet,

id. Phil. 12, 11, 26:

quod (genus) erit aequatum et temperatum ex tribus optimis rerum publicarum modis,

id. Rep. 1, 45, 69; cf. id. ib. 2, 39, 65:

ita in variā et perpetuā oratione hi (numeri) sunt inter se miscendi et temperandi,

id. Or. 58, 197; so,

joined with miscere,

id. Off. 3, 33, 119 (on the contrary, opp. miscere, id. Rep. 2, 23, 42); cf.:

at haec interdum temperanda et varianda sunt,

id. Or. 29, 103; 18, 60; 52, 176:

iracundiam cohibere, victoriam temperare,

id. Marcell. 3, 8:

amara lento Temperet risu,

Hor. C. 2, 16, 27: annonam macelli quotannis temperandam censuit, to be regulated, i. e. fixed at moderate prices, Suet. Tib. 34:

(Aeolus) Sceptra tenens mollitque animos et temperat iras,

soothes, allays, Verg. A. 1, 57:

sumptus,

Ov. Am. 1, 3, 10:

Mercurius temperat astra,

Stat. Th. 1, 305.—

Se temperare ab aliquā re, to refrain from, abstain from, forbear, etc. (late Lat.): temperare se a rectorum suorum reprehensione, Greg. M. in Job, 25, 38 init.; 18, 3: ab utro se temperat, Aug. c. Faust. 6, 5 fin.; id. Trin. 3 prooem.

Neutr., to observe proper measure; to moderate or restrain one ' s self; to forbear, abstain; to be moderate or temperate (class.; cf. moderor).

In gen., constr. with in aliquā re, alicui rei, ab aliquā re, a simple abl., an inf., or ne or quin with subj.

With in and abl.:

jam istoc probior es, cum in amore temperes,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 8:

in multa temperarunt tribuni,

Liv. 2, 52, 5; Sall. J. 85, 9.—

With dat.:

linguae tempera,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 28; so,

linguae,

Liv. 28, 44, 18:

linguae,

Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 2:

manibus,

Liv. 2, 23, 9; 4, 3, 6; 32, 20, 3; Curt. 7, 2, 24:

oculis,

Liv. 21, 22, 7:

irae,

id. 33, 20, 7:

victoriae,

Sall. C. 11, 8:

gulae,

Plin. Ep. 2, 6, 5:

lacrimis,

Curt. 7, 2, 7.—

With ab and abl.:

temperare ab injuriā et maleficio,

Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

a maleficio,

Auct. Her. 2, 19, 29:

a lacrimis,

Verg. A. 2, 8:

precibus ducis mitigati ab excidio civitatis temperavere,

Tac. H. 1, 63.—Rarely with sibi, etc.:

cum sibi in contionibus credas a mendacio temperaturum?

Auct. Her. 4, 18, 25:

ne a necessariis quidem sibi rabies temperat,

Sen. Clem. 1, 26, 4.—

With abl. alone:

lacrimis,

Liv. 30, 20; Tac. A. 15, 16:

a venatibus,

Claud. III. Laud. Stil. 270:

risu,

Liv. 32, 34, 3: neque verbis adversus principem neque factis, Suet. Vit. Lucan.—

With inf.:

matronae Canorā hic voce suā tinnire temperent,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 33:

dormire,

id. ib. 22:

maledicere huic,

id. ib. 5, 2, 76: tollere puerum, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 21, 42 (Trag. v. 67 Vahl.):

exordiri rem novam,

Gell. 4, 9, 5. —

With ne and subj.:

quoi male faciundi est potestas, quom ne id faciat temperat,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 60:

quod in pluribus libris ne facerem temperavi,

Lact. 4, 3, 5.—

With quin (post-Aug.):

non temperante Tiberio quin premeret,

Tac. A. 3, 67: ne sedato quidem tumultu temperare potuit, quin, etc., Suet. Claud. 41; id. Calig. 54:

vix temperabat, quin diceret,

Sen. Contr. 10, 1 (30), 7:

Arruntius non temperavit, quin, etc.,

id. Ep. 114, 19.—

With sibi or animis (so not in Cicero):

neque sibi homines feros temperaturos existimabat, quin, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 33:

vix sibi temperant quin, etc.,

Sen. Ben. 2, 29, 2; Vell. 1, 16, 1: usque mihi temperavi, dum perducerem eo rem, ut, etc., Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 7, 2:

nequeo mihi temperare, quominus, etc.,

Plin. 18, 6, 8, § 41; 1, praef. §

30: non quivit temperare sibi in eo (signo), etc.,

id. 34, 8, 19, § 62; Plin. Ep. 6, 17, 1:

vix temperavere animis, quin, etc.,

Liv. 5, 45, 7.—

Impers. pass.:

aegre temperatum est, quin, etc.,

they with difficulty refrained, Liv. 32, 10, 8:

nec temperatum manibus foret, ni, etc.,

id. 2, 23, 10:

jam superfundenti se laetitiae vix temperatum est,

id. 5, 7, 8:

ab oppugnatione urbium temperatum,

id. 7, 20, 9:

a caedibus,

id. 25, 25, 9.—

In partic., pregn., to forbear, abstain, or refrain from; to spare, be indulgent to any thing (cf.: parco, abstineo); constr. with dat. or ab:

ut si cuiquam ullā in re umquam temperaverit, ut vos quoque ei temperetis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 17:

superatis hostibus (shortly after, parcere),

id. ib. 2, 2, 2, §

4: sociis,

id. ib. 2, 1, 59, §

154: alicui in aliquā re,

id. ib. 2, 2, 6, §

17: amicis,

id. Balb. 27, 60:

privignis,

Hor. C. 3, 24, 18:

ingenio suo,

Quint. 10, 1, 98 al.:

in quo ab sociis temperaverant,

Liv. 6, 17, 8:

ab his sacris,

id. 39, 10, 9:

quamvis a plerisque cibis singuli temperemus,

Plin. Ep. 2, 5, 8; cf.:

a mulso sibi temperare,

Cels. 4, 31.— Impers. pass.:

templis deum temperatum est,

Liv. 1, 29, 6 Drak. N. cr.:

nec ab ullo temperatum foret,

id. 24, 31, 11.—Hence,

tempĕ-rans, antis, P. a., observing moderation, sober, moderate, temperate (syn.:

modestus, abstinens): aut temperantem (dices), qui se in aliquā libidine continuerit, in aliquā effuderit?

Cic. Par. 3, 1, 21:

homo in omnibus vitae partibus moderatus ac temperans, etc.,

id. Font. 18, 40; so,

homo,

id. Att. 15, 1, 1.— Sup.:

homo sanctissimus et temperantissimus,

Cic. Font. 17, 38:

principes graviores temperantioresque a cupidine imperii,

refraining, abstaining, Liv. 26, 22, 14 Drak. N. cr. —With gen.:

famae temperans,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 41:

temperans gaudii seraeque laetitiae,

Plin. Pan. 52, 5:

potestatis temperantior,

Tac. A. 13, 46.—Hence, adv.: tempĕranter, with moderation, moderately, Tac. A. 4, 33; 15, 29. — Comp., Cic. Att. 9, 2, A, 2.— Sup. seems not to occur.—

tempĕrātus, a, um, P. a.

Duly arranged or prepared:

prela,

Cato, R. R. 12.—

Limited, moderate, temperate.

Lit.:

temperatae escae modicaeque potiones,

Cic. Div. 1, 51, 115:

regiones caeli neque aestuosae neque frigidae sed temperatae,

Vitr. 1, 4; cf. Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 26.— Comp.:

loca temperatiora,

Caes. B. G. 5, 12:

o temperatae dulce Formiae litus,

Mart. 10, 30, 1:

mitis ac temperatus annus,

Col. 3, 20, 1; cf. in sup.:

temperatissimum anni tempus,

Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 14.—

Trop., of moral character, of speech, etc., moderate, sober, calm, steady, temperate:

est autem ita temperatis moderatisque moribus, ut summa severitas summā cum humanitate jungatur,

Cic. Fam. 12, 27:

justi, temperati, sapientes,

id. N. D. 3, 36, 87: in victoriā tem, peratior, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15, 1:

mens in bonis Ab insolenti temperata Laetitiā,

Hor. C. 2, 3, 3:

vim temperatam di provehunt In majus,

id. ib. 3, 4, 66:

animum temperatum virtutibus fuisse,

Liv. 1, 18, 4:

hoc multo fortius est... illud temperatius,

Sen. Ep. 18, 3:

aequabile et temperatum orationis genus,

Cic. Off. 1, 1, 3:

oratio modica ac temperata,

id. Or. 27, 95.— Comp.:

temperatior oratio,

Cic. de Or. 2, 53, 212.— Sup.:

temperatissimi sanctissimique viri monumentum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 38, § 83. — Adv.: tempĕrātē, in due proportion, with moderation, moderately, temperately.

Lit.:

tepebit,

Cato, R. R. 69, 2:

arbores umoris temperate, parum terreni habentes,

Vitr. 2, 9 med. —

Trop.:

agere,

Cic. Att. 12, 32, 1:

temperatius scribere,

id. ib. 13, 1, 1:

temperatissime et castissime vivere,

Aug. Mus. 6, 15.

ūmĭdus (less correctly hū-), a, um, adj. [umeo].

Prop., moist, humid, damp, dank, wet (freq. and class.):

simplex est natura animantis, ut vel terrena sit vel ignea vel animalis vel umida,

Cic. N. D. 3, 14, 34; cf.:

terrena et umida,

id. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:

tellus,

Lucr. 2, 873; so,

terra,

id. 6, 1100:

ignem ex lignis viridibus atque umidis facere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 16, § 45; cf.:

(naves) factae subito ex umidā materiā,

Caes. B. C. 1, 58:

saxa,

Lucr. 5, 948 sq.:

linguaï templa,

id. 4, 622:

lumina,

Ov. M. 9, 536:

creta,

Hor. Epod. 12, 10:

quanto umidius est solum,

Col. 4, 19, 2:

ager uliginosus umidissimus,

Varr. L. L. 5, 5, 9, § 44:

umidissimum cerebrum,

Plin. 11, 37, 49, § 133: subices, Enn. ap. Gell. 4, 17, 14:

nox,

Verg. A. 2, 8:

dies,

Quint. 11, 3, 27:

nulla dies adeo est australibus umida nimbis,

Ov. P. 4, 4, 1:

solstitia,

Verg. G. 1, 100:

regna,

i. e. of the river, id. ib. 4, 363: caedunt securibus umida vina, i. e. formerly liquid (now frozen), id. ib. 3, 364 Heyn.:

caligo, quam circa umidi effuderant montes,

Curt. 4, 12, 20:

maria,

Verg. A. 5, 594:

mella,

id. ib. 4, 486:

umidiora et aquosa,

App. Dogm. Plat. 1, p. 9.—As subst.: ūmĭdum, i, n. (sc. solum), a moist, wet, or damp place:

castra in umido locare,

Curt. 8, 4, 13:

pontes et aggeres umido paludum imponere,

Tac. A. 1, 61:

herba in umidis nascens,

Plin. 24, 11, 63, § 104:

Sirius alto Defluit ab caelo mersumque per umida quaerit,

i. e. the ocean, Avien. Arat. 755; cf. Cels. praef. 1.—

Fig., watery, weak:

verba,

Gell. 1, 15, 1.

ūmĭdus (less correctly hū-), a, um, adj. [umeo].

Prop., moist, humid, damp, dank, wet (freq. and class.):

simplex est natura animantis, ut vel terrena sit vel ignea vel animalis vel umida,

Cic. N. D. 3, 14, 34; cf.:

terrena et umida,

id. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:

tellus,

Lucr. 2, 873; so,

terra,

id. 6, 1100:

ignem ex lignis viridibus atque umidis facere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 16, § 45; cf.:

(naves) factae subito ex umidā materiā,

Caes. B. C. 1, 58:

saxa,

Lucr. 5, 948 sq.:

linguaï templa,

id. 4, 622:

lumina,

Ov. M. 9, 536:

creta,

Hor. Epod. 12, 10:

quanto umidius est solum,

Col. 4, 19, 2:

ager uliginosus umidissimus,

Varr. L. L. 5, 5, 9, § 44:

umidissimum cerebrum,

Plin. 11, 37, 49, § 133: subices, Enn. ap. Gell. 4, 17, 14:

nox,

Verg. A. 2, 8:

dies,

Quint. 11, 3, 27:

nulla dies adeo est australibus umida nimbis,

Ov. P. 4, 4, 1:

solstitia,

Verg. G. 1, 100:

regna,

i. e. of the river, id. ib. 4, 363: caedunt securibus umida vina, i. e. formerly liquid (now frozen), id. ib. 3, 364 Heyn.:

caligo, quam circa umidi effuderant montes,

Curt. 4, 12, 20:

maria,

Verg. A. 5, 594:

mella,

id. ib. 4, 486:

umidiora et aquosa,

App. Dogm. Plat. 1, p. 9.—As subst.: ūmĭdum, i, n. (sc. solum), a moist, wet, or damp place:

castra in umido locare,

Curt. 8, 4, 13:

pontes et aggeres umido paludum imponere,

Tac. A. 1, 61:

herba in umidis nascens,

Plin. 24, 11, 63, § 104:

Sirius alto Defluit ab caelo mersumque per umida quaerit,

i. e. the ocean, Avien. Arat. 755; cf. Cels. praef. 1.—

Fig., watery, weak:

verba,

Gell. 1, 15, 1.

vĕl-ut or vĕl-ŭti, adv. (cf. vel, II.), even as, just as, like as.

Correl., with a foll. sic or ita (very rare).

In gen.:

velut in cantu et fidibus, sic ex corporis totius naturā et figurā varios motus ciere,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 10, 20 (al. vel ut):

cum velut Sagunti excidium Hannibali, sic, etc.,

Liv. 31, 18, 9:

velut per fistulam, ita per apertam vitis medullam umor trahitur,

Col. 3, 18, 5.—

In partic., to introduce comparisons: veluti Consul, cum, etc.... sic exspectabat populus, etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 87 Vahl.):

ac veluti magno in populo cum saepe coorta est Seditio... Sic, etc.,

Verg. A. 1 148; v. infra, II. B. 2., and atque, II. 4.—

In gen.:

studeo hunc lenonem perdere, velut meum erum macerat,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 1, 2:

cum repente instructas velut in acie certo gradulegiones accedere Galli viderent,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 9:

ne vitam silentio transeant veluti pecora, quae, etc.,

Sall. C. 1, 1:

veluti qui sentibus anguem Pressit,

Verg. A. 2, 379. —With abl. absol.:

cum velut inter pugnae fugaeque consilium trepidante equitatu,

Liv. 1, 14, 8 Weissenb. ad loc.; cf. id. 1, 31, 3; 1, 29, 4; 1, 53, 5; 2, 12, 13.—

In partic.

To connect, by way of example, a single instance with an established general proposition, as, for instance, for example:

hoc est incepta efficere pulchre, veluti mihi Evenit, ut ovans praedā onustus incederem,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 145; id. Rud. 3, 1, 4; id. Merc. 2, 1, 3; cf. id. Aul. 3, 4, 3; id. Curc. 5, 3, 4; id. Truc. 2, 1, 35; 2, 7, 19:

numquam tam male est Siculis, quin aliquid facete et commode dicant: veluti in hac re aiebant, In labores Herculis, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 95:

ut illi dubia quaedam res... probetur: velut apud Socraticum Aeschinem demonstrat Socrates, etc.,

id. Inv. 1, 31, 51:

est etiam admiratio nonnulla in bestiis aquatilibus iis, quae gignuntur in terrā. Veluti crocodili, etc.,

id. N. D. 2, 48, 124; id. Fin. 2, 35, 116; cf.:

multa conjecta sunt aliud alio tempore, velut hoc, etc.,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 7, § 23:

velut in hac quaestione plerique dixerunt,

id. N. D. 1, 1, 2:

velut iste chorus virtutum in eculeum inpositus imagines constituit,

id. Tusc. 5, 5, 13:

aliae quoque artes minores habent multiplicem materiam, velut architectonice,

Quint. 2, 21, 8:

sermonibus ejus fruebar, veluti fuit illa sermocinatio,

Gell. 19, 8, 1.—

To introduce a comparison or figurative expression, as, like, as it were: concurrunt veluti venti, cum spiritus Austri, etc., Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 423 Vahl.); 6, 3 (ib. v. 431 ib.):

frena dabat Sipylus, veluti cum, etc.,

Ov. M. 6, 231:

migrantes cernas totāque ex urbe ruentes, Ac, veluti ingentem formicae farris acervum Cum populant, etc.,

Verg. A. 4, 402; cf.

supra, I. B.: hic velut hereditate relictum odium paternum conservavit, etc.,

Nep. Hann. 1, 3:

quoddam simplex orationis condimentum, quod sentitur latente judicio velut palato,

Quint. 6, 3, 19:

ducetur rerum ipsā serie velut duce,

id. 10, 7, 6: haec velut sagina dicendi, id. 10, 5, 17:

inaequalia tantum et velut confragosa,

id. 8, 5, 29:

haec est velut imperatoria virtus,

id. 7, 10, 13.—

To introduce a hypothetical comparative clause, just as if, just as though, as if, as though.

Usually velut si:

absentis Ariovisti crudelitatem, velut si coram adesset, horrerent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 32:

tantus patres metus de summā rerum cepit, velut si jam ad portas hostis esset,

Liv. 21, 16, 2; Quint. 2, 13, 1:

velut si urbem adgressurus Scipio foret, ita, etc.,

Liv. 29, 28, 9:

facies inducitur illis (corporibus mixtis) Una, velut si quis, etc.,

Ov. M. 4, 375.—

Sometimes, in this sense, velut alone:

saepe, velut gemmas ejus signumque probarem, Per causam memini me tetigisse manum,

Tib. 1, 6, 25 (21); Ov. M. 4, 596:

velut ea res nihil ad religionem pertinuisset,

Liv. 2, 36, 1:

velut abundarent omnia,

id. 2, 41, 9:

me quoque juvat, velut ipse in parte laboris ac periculi fuerim, ad finem pervenisse, etc.,

id. 31, 1, 1 Weissenb. ad loc.

vĕl-ut or vĕl-ŭti, adv. (cf. vel, II.), even as, just as, like as.

Correl., with a foll. sic or ita (very rare).

In gen.:

velut in cantu et fidibus, sic ex corporis totius naturā et figurā varios motus ciere,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 10, 20 (al. vel ut):

cum velut Sagunti excidium Hannibali, sic, etc.,

Liv. 31, 18, 9:

velut per fistulam, ita per apertam vitis medullam umor trahitur,

Col. 3, 18, 5.—

In partic., to introduce comparisons: veluti Consul, cum, etc.... sic exspectabat populus, etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 87 Vahl.):

ac veluti magno in populo cum saepe coorta est Seditio... Sic, etc.,

Verg. A. 1 148; v. infra, II. B. 2., and atque, II. 4.—

In gen.:

studeo hunc lenonem perdere, velut meum erum macerat,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 1, 2:

cum repente instructas velut in acie certo gradulegiones accedere Galli viderent,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 9:

ne vitam silentio transeant veluti pecora, quae, etc.,

Sall. C. 1, 1:

veluti qui sentibus anguem Pressit,

Verg. A. 2, 379. —With abl. absol.:

cum velut inter pugnae fugaeque consilium trepidante equitatu,

Liv. 1, 14, 8 Weissenb. ad loc.; cf. id. 1, 31, 3; 1, 29, 4; 1, 53, 5; 2, 12, 13.—

In partic.

To connect, by way of example, a single instance with an established general proposition, as, for instance, for example:

hoc est incepta efficere pulchre, veluti mihi Evenit, ut ovans praedā onustus incederem,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 145; id. Rud. 3, 1, 4; id. Merc. 2, 1, 3; cf. id. Aul. 3, 4, 3; id. Curc. 5, 3, 4; id. Truc. 2, 1, 35; 2, 7, 19:

numquam tam male est Siculis, quin aliquid facete et commode dicant: veluti in hac re aiebant, In labores Herculis, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 95:

ut illi dubia quaedam res... probetur: velut apud Socraticum Aeschinem demonstrat Socrates, etc.,

id. Inv. 1, 31, 51:

est etiam admiratio nonnulla in bestiis aquatilibus iis, quae gignuntur in terrā. Veluti crocodili, etc.,

id. N. D. 2, 48, 124; id. Fin. 2, 35, 116; cf.:

multa conjecta sunt aliud alio tempore, velut hoc, etc.,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 7, § 23:

velut in hac quaestione plerique dixerunt,

id. N. D. 1, 1, 2:

velut iste chorus virtutum in eculeum inpositus imagines constituit,

id. Tusc. 5, 5, 13:

aliae quoque artes minores habent multiplicem materiam, velut architectonice,

Quint. 2, 21, 8:

sermonibus ejus fruebar, veluti fuit illa sermocinatio,

Gell. 19, 8, 1.—

To introduce a comparison or figurative expression, as, like, as it were: concurrunt veluti venti, cum spiritus Austri, etc., Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 423 Vahl.); 6, 3 (ib. v. 431 ib.):

frena dabat Sipylus, veluti cum, etc.,

Ov. M. 6, 231:

migrantes cernas totāque ex urbe ruentes, Ac, veluti ingentem formicae farris acervum Cum populant, etc.,

Verg. A. 4, 402; cf.

supra, I. B.: hic velut hereditate relictum odium paternum conservavit, etc.,

Nep. Hann. 1, 3:

quoddam simplex orationis condimentum, quod sentitur latente judicio velut palato,

Quint. 6, 3, 19:

ducetur rerum ipsā serie velut duce,

id. 10, 7, 6: haec velut sagina dicendi, id. 10, 5, 17:

inaequalia tantum et velut confragosa,

id. 8, 5, 29:

haec est velut imperatoria virtus,

id. 7, 10, 13.—

To introduce a hypothetical comparative clause, just as if, just as though, as if, as though.

Usually velut si:

absentis Ariovisti crudelitatem, velut si coram adesset, horrerent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 32:

tantus patres metus de summā rerum cepit, velut si jam ad portas hostis esset,

Liv. 21, 16, 2; Quint. 2, 13, 1:

velut si urbem adgressurus Scipio foret, ita, etc.,

Liv. 29, 28, 9:

facies inducitur illis (corporibus mixtis) Una, velut si quis, etc.,

Ov. M. 4, 375.—

Sometimes, in this sense, velut alone:

saepe, velut gemmas ejus signumque probarem, Per causam memini me tetigisse manum,

Tib. 1, 6, 25 (21); Ov. M. 4, 596:

velut ea res nihil ad religionem pertinuisset,

Liv. 2, 36, 1:

velut abundarent omnia,

id. 2, 41, 9:

me quoque juvat, velut ipse in parte laboris ac periculi fuerim, ad finem pervenisse, etc.,

id. 31, 1, 1 Weissenb. ad loc.

vērĭtas, ātis, f. [verus], truth, truthfulness, verity; the true or real nature, reality (always abstract; cf.: verum, vera).

In gen.:

veritas, per quam immutata ea, quae sunt aut ante fuerunt aut futura sunt, dicuntur,

Cic. Inv. 2, 53, 162:

veritatem patefacere,

id. Sull. 16, 45:

argumentatio... in quā perspicuam omnibus veritatem continet adsumptio,

id. Inv. 1, 36, 65:

veritatis cultores, fraudis inimici,

id. Off. 1, 30, 109:

o magna vis veritatis, quae... facile se per se ipsa defendat,

id. Cael. 26, 63:

nescio quo modo verum est quod in Andriā (1, 1, 41) familiaris meus dicit: obsequium amicos, veritas odium parit... veritatem aspernere,

id. Lael. 24, 89:

nihil ad veritatem (loqui),

id. ib. 25, 91:

in omni re vincit imitationem veritas,

id. de Or. 3, 57, 215:

simplex ratio veritatis,

id. ib. 1, 53, 229.—

In partic.

Reality, real life, esp. of the likeness of life in works of art:

non intellegit Canachi signa rigidiora esse, quam ut imitentur veritatem,

Cic. Brut. 18, 70:

ut mutum in simulacrum ex animali exemplo veritas transferatur,

id. Inv. 2, 1, 3:

oratores sunt veritatis ipsius actores,

id. de Or. 3, 56, 214: haec tria genera exornationum perraro sumenda sunt, cum in veritate dicemus, in reality, i. e. in the forum, not for practice merely, Auct. Her. 4, 22, 32: vulgus ex veritate pauca, ex opinione multa aestimat, according to truth or reality, Cic. Rosc. Com. 10, 29:

salus omnium nostrum non veritate solum, sed etiam famā nititur,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 1, § 2:

res et veritas,

id. de Or. 1, 17, 77:

exploranda est veritas,

Phaedr. 3, 10, 5.—

Nature, the truth of nature:

sic enim se profecto res habet, ut numquam perfecte veritatem casus imitetur,

Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:

habere in se omnes numeros veritatis,

id. ib.; cf.:

ut, quicquid accidat, id ex aeternā veritate causarumque continuatione fluxisse dicatis,

id. N. D. 1, 20, 55.—

Consule veritatem, i. e. the etymology, = to etumon, Cic. Or. 48, 159; so Quint. 1, 6, 32; 1, 7, 8.—

Of character, truth, rectitude, integrity:

in tuam fidem, veritatem, misericordiam confugit,

Cic. Quint. 2, 10:

sint veritatis et virtutis magistri,

id. Rep. 3, 3, 4:

spes obtinendae veritatis,

id. Deiot. 2, 5:

judiciorum religionem veritatemque perfringere,

id. Verr 1, 1, 3: si ad illam summam veritatem legitimum jus exegeris, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 1:

rustica Veritas,

truth, integrity, Mart. 10, 72, 11; cf. Plin. Pan. 84, 1.—

Plur. (rare):

veritates fortiter dicere,

Gell. 18, 7, 4.