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1 ναυτικός
A of or for a ship, seafaring, naval,ὁ ν. στρατός Hdt.7.100
, 203, etc.; opp. ὁ πεζός, Id.8.1;ν. λεώς A.Pers. 383
; ; ν. ἐρείπια wrecks of ships, A.Ag. 660; ; σκάφη ib. 1278;ν. πόλεμος And.4.12
;ν. ἀστρολογία Arist.AP0.79a1
; ἔγγαια καὶ ναυτικά property on land and sea, PEleph.1.13 (iv B.C.);ν. ἀναρχία
among the seamen,E.
Hec. 607;τὸ ν.
crew,Hp.
Ep.14; but usu. navy, fleet, Hdt.7.97, 160, Ar.Eq. 1063, Th.1.36, etc.;ἡ -κή Hdt.7.161
.2 of persons, skilled in seamanship, nautical, ναυτικοὶ ἐγένοντο became a naval power, Th.1.18, cf.7.21; ναυτικός, ὁ, = ναύτης, POxy.929.8 (ii/iii A.D.).3 ἡ-κή (sc. τέχνη) navigation, seamanship, Hdt.8.1, etc.;τὰ -κά Pl.Alc.1.124e
: τὰ -κά, also, naval affairs, sea-power, Th.4.75, X.HG1.6.4.II [full] ναυτικόν, τό, perh. pilot's fee, POxy.522.15 (ii A.D.); but usu.b money borrowed or lent on bottomry, in full,ν. χρήματα Lys.32.7
: mostly in pl., ν. ἐκδεδομένα ib.6; ναυτικὸν ἀνελέσθαι to take it up, borrow it, D.50.17;ναυτικοῖς ἐργάζεσθαι Id.33.4
: in sg., X.Vect.3.9; alsoν. τόκος D.L.6.99
. Adv.-κῶς, δανείζειν Id.7.13
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ναυτικός
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2 ναυτιλία
2 voyage, Hdt.4.145, Hp.Aph.4.14: and in pl.,ναυτιλίῃσι μακρῇσι ἐπιθέσθαι Hdt.1.1
, cf. 163;ναυτιλίῃσι χρέεσθαι Id.2.43
, cf. Pi.N.3.22, I.4(3).57.3 ship,πολύσκαλμος ν. AP7.295.4
(Leon.).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ναυτιλία
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3 σοφίζω
2 [voice] Pass., become or be clever or skilled in a thing, c. gen. rei, ναυτιλίης σεσοφισμένος skilled in seamanship, Hes.Op. 649;Μοίσαι σεσοφισμέναι Ibyc.Oxy.1790.23
; so ἐν τοῖς ὀνόμασι ς. X.Cyn. 13.6: abs., to become or be wise, freq. in LXX, Ec.7.24(23), al.;βέλτερος ἀλκήεντος ἔφυ σεσοφισμένος ἀνήρ Ps.-Phoc.130
.3 [voice] Med., teach oneself, learn, ἐσοφίσατο ὅτι.. he became aware that.., LXX 1 Ki.3.8.II [voice] Med. [full] σοφίζομαι, with [tense] aor. [voice] Med. and [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. (v. infr.), practise an art, Thgn.19, IG12.678; play subtle tricks, deal subtly, E.IA 744, D.18.227, etc.; οὐδὲν σοφιζόμεσθα τοῖσι δαίμοσι we use no subtleties in dealing with the gods, E.Ba. 200; to be scientific, speculate,περὶ τὸ ὄνομα Pl.R. 509d
, cf. Plt. 299b, Muson.Fr.3p.12H., etc.; σοφιζόμενος φάναι to say rationalistically, Pl.Phdr. 229c; καίπερ οὕτω τούτου σεσοφισμένου though he has dealt thus craftily, D.29.28; σοφίσασθαι πρός τι to use fraud for an end, Plb.6.58.12; οἱ ἰητροὶ σοφιζόμενοι ἔστιν οἳ ἁμαρτάνουσι when they deal in subtleties, Hp.Fract. 1; οἱ μυθικῶς σοφ. Arist.Metaph. 1000a18, cf. HA 582a35, D.35.56; σ. πρὸς τὸν νόμον evade it, Plu.Dem.27.2 c. acc. rei, devise cleverly or skilfully, Hdt.2.66, 8.27, cf. 1.80;καινὰς ἰδέας σοφίζεσθαι Ar.Nu. 547
;χαρίεντα καὶ σοφά Id.Av. 1401
; ἀλλότρια ς. meddle with other men's craft, Id.Eq. 299; with internal acc., ἀνόητα ς. exercise one's skill without νοῦς, Pl.Hp.Ma. 283a, cf. X.Mem.1.2.46;ὅσα.. σοφίζονται πρὸς τὸν δῆμον Arist.Pol. 1297a14
; ἀλλ' αὐτὸ τοῦτο δεῖ σοφισθῆναι this is the very thing one must gain by craft, S.Ph.77; οἶνον ἀπὸ τῶν φοινίκων ς. make spurious wine, Philostr.VA2.6;πορφύραν παρὰ τῆς κόχλου Id.Her.19.15
:—[voice] Pass., σεσοφισμένοι μῦθοι craftily devised, 2 Ep.Pet.1.16.3 c. acc. pers., deceive,τὸν Τίτον J.BJ4.2.3
;μή με σοφίζου AP12.25
(Stat. Flacc.);τὸν δῆμον Hdn.7.10.7
; alsoσ. τὴν αἴσθησιν Aret.SD 1.15
.4 ' counter' by a device,σοφίζεται τὴν βίαν τοῦ μηχανήματος J.BJ3.7.20
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4 ἐξεργάζομαι
A- ηργάξατο IG 1.423
: [tense] pf. -είργασμαι, [dialect] Ion. -έργασμαι, both in act. and pass. sense (v. infr.): [tense] aor. - ειργάσθην always [voice] Pass., Isoc.5.7, Plu.Num.9: so [tense] fut.- εργασθήσομαι Isoc.Ep.6.8
:—work out, bring to completion, Hdt.1.93, 4.179 ([voice] Pass.), etc.;τίς βλέποντα σώματ' ἐξεργάζεται; E. Hel. 583
; οὐδὲ.. μελετῶντες αὐτὸ (i.e. seamanship)ἐξείργασθέ πω Th.1.142
; τὰ ἐπιμαχώτατα ἐ. finish [fortifying] the most assailable points, Id.4.4, cf. 5.75, 6.101 ([voice] Pass.);τέχνην ἐ. X.Smp.4.61
, cf. Cyr.8.2.5 ([voice] Pass.); τοιούτους ἐ. τινάς make them exactly such, Id.Smp.4.60.2 accomplish, achieve, , cf. Men.Epit. 474; ἐ. τάραχον work utter confusion, X.Eq.9.4; ; ἐ. συμμαχίαν bring it about, Aeschin.3.239;πραγματικῶς ἐ. τὴν ὑπόθεσιν Plb.5.26.6
: c. dupl. acc., κακὸν ἐ. τινά work him mischief, Hdt.6.3, cf. Pl.Ep. 352d, etc.:—[voice] Pass.,σφιν ἔργον ἐστὶν ἐξειργασμένον A.Pers. 759
, cf. Hdt.9.75; ἐπ' ἐξεργασμένοισι after the deed had been done, usu. of crimes or acts of violence, Id.4.164, 8.94, cf. A.Ag. 1379, S.Aj. 377;ἐπ' ἐ. κακοῖσι E.Ba. 1039
;τοὐξειργασμένον S.Aj. 315
.3 contrive or manage that..,ἐξειργάσατο βασιλεὺς προσαγορευθῆναι Plb.31.33.3
, cf. Luc.Tox.32, Plu.Cat.Ma.3.4 work at, esp. in [voice] Pass., ἀγροὶ εὖ ἐξεργασμένοι well- cultivated lands, Hdt.5.29, cf. 6.137; [ἡ γῆ] ὅσῳ ἄμεινον ἐξείργασται Th.1.82
; of plants, train, Thphr.CP5.3.5.5 of an author, work out, D.H.Th.15: abs., treat fully,ἐ. κατὰ μέρος περί τινος Plb.3.26.5
:—[voice] Pass.,τὰ κατ' ἐπιτομὴν ἐξειργασμένα Phld.Lib. p.1
O.II undo, destroy, esp. of men, ruin, Hdt.4.134, 5.19, E. Hel. 1098, etc.; in Trag., alsoἐ. αἷμα μητρός Id.Or. 1624
:—[voice] Pass., ἐξειργάσμεθα we are undone, Id.Hipp. 565; ὡς μή τι ἐξεργάσωνται that they may do no harm, Hp.Morb.3.16 as cited by Gal.19.182, cf. 212 ( ἐξ- [or κατ-]εργάσηταί τι κακόν codd. Hp.).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐξεργάζομαι
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5 ναυτιλίη
ναυτιλίη: seamanship, Od. 8.253†.A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > ναυτιλίη
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6 βολίζω
βολίζω (via βόλος ‘a throw w. a net’, and βολή [s. prec.]) 1 aor. ἐβόλισα to use a weighted line to determine depth, take soundings, heave the lead (the sounding would be taken with a βολίς, an implement shaped like a missile [s. βολίς next entry] and prob. made of lead, μόλυβδος, hence Sch. Il. 24, 80 renders βολίς ‘sounding-lead’) Ac 27:28 twice (elsewh. only in Geoponica 6, 17 [pass.=‘sink’] and Eustathius on Homer 563, 30; 731, 46). LCasson, Ships and Seamanship in the Anc. World, ’71, 246, n. 85; further details Hemer, Acts 147 n. 131.—DELG s.v. βάλλω. M-M. -
7 κυβερνήτης
κυβερνήτης, ου, ὁ (s. two prec. entries; Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX, Philo; Jos., Vi. 163; TestNapht 6:2; loanw. in rabb.; variously, ‘shipmaster, steersman’).① one who is responsible for the management of a ship, shipmaster, lit. Rv 18:17; IPol 2:3; AcPl Ha 7, 19; 38. W. ναύκληρος, the ‘shipowner’ (Plut., Mor. 807b ναύτας μὲν ἐκλέγεται κυβερνήτης καὶ κυβερνήτην ναύκληρος=a shipmaster selects a crew, and a shipowner a shipmaster; Jos., Ant. 9, 209) Ac 27:11 (LCasson, Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World ’71, 316–18).② one who directs the destiny of humans, pilot, fig. extension of 1 (Pla., Polit. 272e of God; Vett. Val. 340 κυβερνήτης βίου. Oft. Philo, somet. of God, and Migr. Abr. 67 of the λόγος θεῖος; Herm. Wr. 12, 4 of the νοῦς) of Christ κ. τῶν σωμάτων ἡμῶν the Pilot of our bodies MPol 19:2 (the figure of the κυβερνήτης is also used in the martyr-narrative in 4 Macc 7:1).—DELG s.v. κυβερνάω. M-M. TW. -
8 ναύκληρος
ναύκληρος, ου, ὁ (ναῦς, κλῆρος; Soph., Hdt.+; Plut., Jos. [both w. κυβερνήτης, q.v. 1]; OGI 344, 4 [I B.C.]; pap [Preisigke, Fachwörter; for others New Docs, below; En 101:4, 9; Philo, Op. M. 147) freq. ‘ship-owner’ or ‘charterer’ of a vessel. But it can also mean captain, since the sailing-master of a ship engaged in state service (esp. for shipment of grain IG 14, 918) was called a ναύκληρος (MRostovtzeff, APF 5, 1913, 298; LCasson, Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World, ’71, 314–16; but WKunkel, APF 8, ’27, 185 ‘freight contractor’, not necessarily as pilot or captain) Ac 27:11. (For sailing regulations POxy 3250, 22–24 [63 A.D.], s. New Docs 2, 74 no. 25.)—Nock, Essays 823; Hemer, Acts 138f; JVélissaropoulos, Les nauclères grecs, ’80; New Docs 4, 116f (pap, ins and lit.).—DELG. M-M. Spicq. -
9 παράσημος
παράσημος, ον (σῆμα ‘mark, sign’; Trag. et al.; 2 Macc 2:29; BGU V, 1, 194=Jur. Pap. no. 93, 194; Philo; cp. Jos., Ant. 18, 241)① pert. to being out of the ordinary, peculiar, odd βίος queer kind of life Dg 5:2.② pert. to being marked (on the side) so as to be distinguished, marked ἐν πλοίῳ … Ἀλεξανδρινῷ παρασήμῳ Διοσκούροις in an Alexandrian ship that was marked by the Dioscuri i.e. that had the Dioscuri (twin sons of Zeus, Castor and Pollydeuces) as its insignia Ac 28:11 (on the dat. cp. Plut., Mor. 823b ἐπιφθόνοις παράσημος=making oneself noticed by hateful deeds). Yet it is hard to escape the suspicion that the text here, as so oft. in Ac, is damaged, and that it originally contained the noun τὸ παράσημον emblem, insignia situated on both sides of the prow of a ship (Plut., Mor. 162a τῆς νεὼς τὸ παράσημον; PLond II, 256a, 2 p. 99 [11–15 A.D.]; PTebt 486; Mitt-Wilck., I/2, 248, 19; Sb 423, 5. Note esp. CIL 3=ILS 4395 [22 A.D.] navis parasemo sopharia=a ship with sopharia as insignia). LCasson, Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World, ’71, 344f. S. Διόσκουροι.—B-D-F §198, 7. DELG s.v. σῆμα. M-M. (dat. absolute). -
10 σκάφη
σκάφη, ης, ἡ (σκάπτω; Aeschyl., Hdt. et al.; ins, pap; Bel LXX 33, Theod. 33; [Test12 Patr and Philo σκάφο]; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 11 [a quot. fr. Apion w. σκάφη as fem. sing.]; loanw. in rabb.) gener. someth. that is concave or hollow, such as a ‘bowl’, ‘basin’, or ‘tub’.① dish GJs 18:2 (codd.)② (small) boat, skiff (so Soph. et al.; Polyb. 1, 23, 7; PGradenwitz [SBHeidAk 1914] 9, 5 [III B.C.]; BGU 1157, 8; 1179; the transference of sense from mng. 1 is readily seen in a pun Ar., Eu. 1315: cp. our ‘tub’ for an old or slow boat) of a ship’s boat (ordinarily in tow, LCasson, Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World, ’71, 248f) Ac 27:16, 30, 32.—B. 730. DELG s.v. σκάπτω. M-M. -
11 ἀρτέμων
ἀρτέμων, ωνος, ὁ (etym. uncertain) prob. foresail (Fr. ‘voile d’artimon’) ἐπαίρειν τὸν ἀ. hoist the foresail (cp. Plut., Mor. 870b ἐπαιρόμενος τὰ ἱστία) Ac 27:40. S. Breusing 79f; HBalmer, D. Romfahrt d. Ap. Pls. 1905; LCasson, Ships and Seamanship, ’71, 240, n. 70; Hemer, Acts 151 n. 145; Haenchen, ad loc.—DELG. M-M. -
12 ἄγκυρα
ἄγκυρα, ας, ἡ (nautical term, lit. and fig.: Alcaeus et al.; SIG2 588, 168; 171; PCairZen 782a V, 64 [III B.C.]; PColZen 43, 6 [III B.C.]; PLond III, 1164h, 9 p. 164; V, 1714, 2; Jos., Vi. 167.—Jer 52:18 Sym. in special mng.) a ship’s anchor, anchorⓐ lit. ῥίπτειν ἀ. let go or drop an anchor Ac 27:29. ἀ. ἐκτείνειν lay out an anchor vs. 30 (Breusing 195; LCasson, Ships and Seamanship in the Anc. World, ’71, 256). ἀ. περιαιρεῖν vs. 40 (s. περιαιρέω 1).ⓑ fig. (Eur., Hec. 80 ἄ. οἴκων; Soph., Fgm. 623 ἄ. βίου; Heliod. 7, 25, 4 πᾶσα ἐλπίδος ἄ.; IG XII, VII 123b, 3 ἄ. γήρως) of hope (Marinus, Vi. Procli 29) ἥν ὡς ἄγκυραν ἔχομεν τῆς ψυχῆς Hb 6:19 (s. PStumpf, RAC I 440–43; CSpicq, StTh 3, ’49, 185–87).—B. 737. DELG s.v. ἀγκ-. M-M. -
13 ὑποζώννυμι
ὑποζώννυμι pres. ptc. ὑποζωννύς; aor. impv. ὑπόζωσον PsSol 17:22; pf. pass. ptc. fem. pl. ὑπεζωσμέναι 2 Macc 3:19 (Hdt. et al.; LXX; Jos., Bell. 2, 275, Vi. 293) undergird, brace, nautical t.t.: provide a ship w. ὑποζώματα (Pla., Rep. 616c; Athen. 5, 204a=funibus Horace, Odes 1, 14, 6; the technology is expressed in a joke Aristoph., Equ. 279), i.e. w. cables that go around the outside of the hull, and in the case of merchantmen, under it (s. Casson below), to give the ship greater firmness in a heavy sea (the verb has this mng. in Polyb. 27, 3, 3; IG I2, 73, 9) Ac 27:17.—ABoeckh, Urkunden über das Seewesen des attischen Staates 1840, 134ff; TWoolsey, On an Expression in Ac 27:17, The American Biblical Repository 8, 1842, 405–12; JSmith, The Voyage and Shipwreck of St. Paul4 1880, 107ff; 204ff; Breusing 170–82; HBalmer, Die Romfahrt des Ap. Paulus 1905, 160–64; ESchauroth, HSCP 22, 1911, 173–79; CVoigt, Die Romfahrt des Ap. Pls.: Hansa 53, 1916, 728f; FBrannigan, ThGl 25, ’33, 182; HCadbury, Beginn. I/5, ’33, 345–54; LCasson, Ships and Seamanship, etc., ’71, 91f, 211; comm.—M-M.
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