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scientific+world

  • 101 gratis

    adj.
    free, free of charge, give-away, costless.
    adv.
    free, for nothing.
    ser gratis to be free
    me salió gratis el viaje the journey didn't cost me anything
    * * *
    1 free
    * * *
    adj.
    * * *
    1.
    ADV free, for nothing

    de gratis — LAm gratis

    2.
    ADJ free
    * * *
    I
    adjetivo free
    II
    adverbio free
    * * *
    = free, freely, free of charge, giveaway [give-away], gratis, complimentary, without charge, pro bono, at no cost, no cost(s), free of cost, cost free, freebie, for free, without cost, freely available, costless, free for the taking, at no charge, on a complimentary basis.
    Ex. Late in 1986, the Medical Library took advantage of Cambridge Scientific Abstracts' free trial offer of its compact Medline on CD-ROM.
    Ex. The imposition of fee-based services may radically curtail the breadth of resources available to library users where historically information has been offered freely.
    Ex. Law centres employ qualified lawyers and they receive a waiver from the Law Society that allows them to provide their services free of charge.
    Ex. HUD publications range from give-away pamphlets to multi-volume research tomes = Las publicaciones HUD van desde los folletos gratuitos a tomos de investigaciones en varios volúmenes.
    Ex. Answers were obtained from 102 centres, 1/2 of which provide information services gratis, but some charges for photocopying.
    Ex. This is a classified, annotated guide to magazines which fall into the general category of house magazines available to libraries on a complimentary basis.
    Ex. There is a drop-in centre with a fully equipped sound recording studio and video editing suite offering guitar tuition and rehearsal space to local teenagers without charge.
    Ex. Pro bono work should be a part of professional duty, not looked on as a charitable act = El trabajo desinteresado debería formar parte de los deberes profesionales y no considerarse como un acto caritativo.
    Ex. Some commercial information providers are giving away a little information at no cost in order to attract customers onto the system.
    Ex. Respondents who preferred CD-ROM searching did so because they liked doing their own searches and the fact that there were no costs involved.
    Ex. An annexure reviews electronic journals available free of cost.
    Ex. In an attempt to overcome this problem, a group of small health related libraries responded by forming a cost free cooperative called GRATIS in 1982.
    Ex. The article 'Professional reference service with ' freebie' librarians' discusses the free online reference service offered by the Internet Public Library.
    Ex. In addition, most or all of the contents of the resources listed are available for free.
    Ex. The author looks at how 'free' information really is and whether we can continue to expect high quality information to be available without cost.
    Ex. Thus, resources should be freely available, or at the very last charge only nominal fees for their use.
    Ex. Another property of DSMA protocols is a provision for a graceful dynamic reconfiguration and costless protocol recovery after a lost token.
    Ex. The short answer of course is 'yes,' simply because we now live in a world where these resources are expected to be there, and many expect them to be there free for the taking.
    Ex. This latest move makes available at no charge more than 150 electronic publications for which fees were previously charged.
    Ex. Mountain bikes are available on a complimentary basis for guests who wish to explore the scenic north coast of the island.
    ----
    * billete gratis = free ticket.
    * de forma gratis = on a complimentary basis.
    * de pago o gratis = fee or free, fee versus free.
    * entrada gratis = free ticket.
    * nada es gratis = nothing comes without a cost.
    * nada es gratis en la viña del Señor = there is no such thing as a free lunch, there is no such thing as a free ride.
    * obtener gratis = obtain + free.
    * recibir gratis = get + free.
    * servicio gratis = frill.
    * * *
    I
    adjetivo free
    II
    adverbio free
    * * *
    = free, freely, free of charge, giveaway [give-away], gratis, complimentary, without charge, pro bono, at no cost, no cost(s), free of cost, cost free, freebie, for free, without cost, freely available, costless, free for the taking, at no charge, on a complimentary basis.

    Ex: Late in 1986, the Medical Library took advantage of Cambridge Scientific Abstracts' free trial offer of its compact Medline on CD-ROM.

    Ex: The imposition of fee-based services may radically curtail the breadth of resources available to library users where historically information has been offered freely.
    Ex: Law centres employ qualified lawyers and they receive a waiver from the Law Society that allows them to provide their services free of charge.
    Ex: HUD publications range from give-away pamphlets to multi-volume research tomes = Las publicaciones HUD van desde los folletos gratuitos a tomos de investigaciones en varios volúmenes.
    Ex: Answers were obtained from 102 centres, 1/2 of which provide information services gratis, but some charges for photocopying.
    Ex: This is a classified, annotated guide to magazines which fall into the general category of house magazines available to libraries on a complimentary basis.
    Ex: There is a drop-in centre with a fully equipped sound recording studio and video editing suite offering guitar tuition and rehearsal space to local teenagers without charge.
    Ex: Pro bono work should be a part of professional duty, not looked on as a charitable act = El trabajo desinteresado debería formar parte de los deberes profesionales y no considerarse como un acto caritativo.
    Ex: Some commercial information providers are giving away a little information at no cost in order to attract customers onto the system.
    Ex: Respondents who preferred CD-ROM searching did so because they liked doing their own searches and the fact that there were no costs involved.
    Ex: An annexure reviews electronic journals available free of cost.
    Ex: In an attempt to overcome this problem, a group of small health related libraries responded by forming a cost free cooperative called GRATIS in 1982.
    Ex: The article 'Professional reference service with ' freebie' librarians' discusses the free online reference service offered by the Internet Public Library.
    Ex: In addition, most or all of the contents of the resources listed are available for free.
    Ex: The author looks at how 'free' information really is and whether we can continue to expect high quality information to be available without cost.
    Ex: Thus, resources should be freely available, or at the very last charge only nominal fees for their use.
    Ex: Another property of DSMA protocols is a provision for a graceful dynamic reconfiguration and costless protocol recovery after a lost token.
    Ex: The short answer of course is 'yes,' simply because we now live in a world where these resources are expected to be there, and many expect them to be there free for the taking.
    Ex: This latest move makes available at no charge more than 150 electronic publications for which fees were previously charged.
    Ex: Mountain bikes are available on a complimentary basis for guests who wish to explore the scenic north coast of the island.
    * billete gratis = free ticket.
    * de forma gratis = on a complimentary basis.
    * de pago o gratis = fee or free, fee versus free.
    * entrada gratis = free ticket.
    * nada es gratis = nothing comes without a cost.
    * nada es gratis en la viña del Señor = there is no such thing as a free lunch, there is no such thing as a free ride.
    * obtener gratis = obtain + free.
    * recibir gratis = get + free.
    * servicio gratis = frill.

    * * *
    free
    la entrada es gratis entrance is free
    este folleto es gratis this brochure is free (of charge) o gratis
    free
    me lo arregló gratis he fixed it for me free
    entramos gratis we got in free o for nothing
    * * *

     

    gratis adj/adv
    free;

    entramos gratis we got in free o for nothing
    gratis
    I adv inv free: le salió gratis la matrícula, his registration was free
    II adjetivo free: hay un billete gratis para ir al cine, we have a free ticket for the movies

    ' gratis' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    balde
    - gratuidad
    - gratuita
    - gratuito
    - pesetera
    - pesetero
    English:
    bonus
    - charge
    - complimentary
    - delivery
    - free
    - mooch
    - nothing
    - toll-free
    - wangle
    * * *
    ♦ adj inv
    free;
    ser gratis to be free;
    entrada gratis [en letrero] entrance free
    ♦ adv
    (for) free, for nothing;
    entré gratis al concierto I got into the concert (for) free o for nothing;
    me salió gratis el viaje the journey didn't cost me anything
    * * *
    adj & adv free
    * * *
    gratis adv
    gratuitamente: free, for free, gratis
    gratis adj
    gratuito: free, gratis
    * * *
    gratis adv
    1. (sin pagar) free
    2. (sin cobrar) for nothing

    Spanish-English dictionary > gratis

  • 102 incremento

    m.
    1 increase.
    2 increment, build-up, increase, augmentation.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: incrementar.
    * * *
    1 increase, rise
    \
    incremento salarial wage rise, US raise
    * * *
    SM [de conocimiento] increase, gain; [de precio, sueldo, productividad] increase, rise
    * * *
    masculino (frml) increase
    * * *
    = increase, increment, rise, tide, blossoming, augmentation, increase in numbers, growth in number, surge, jump, upswing, widening, mark-up [markup].
    Ex. The term you have chosen indicates an increase in specificity, since it is one of the members of the group described by the basic term.
    Ex. The volume increment gives information about the numbering scheme for volumes.
    Ex. The rapid rise of computer literacy in the world has led to a demand for the easy availability of many kinds of information.
    Ex. What has happened is that yet another institution has so overlapped with our own that we are being swept along on the tide of the technological revolution.
    Ex. There has been a blossoming in new consumer health information services.
    Ex. If the budget will not permit staff augmentation, then the reference librarian must help the department head to make the most of available resources.
    Ex. The present increase in numbers of overseas students in Australia tertiary institutions has implications for libraries.
    Ex. The growth in number of national, regional and international agricultural organisations has resulted in a vast output of scientific and technical literature, issued in a wide variety of forms.
    Ex. The Internet is also creating a new surge of interest in information in all forms, and a revitalized interest in reading.
    Ex. One of these proposals, a large jump in the dues for students and retired members, was watered down before finally being passed.
    Ex. The author discusses the current upswing in paperback sales of children's books in the USA and the slump in hardback sales.
    Ex. Despite growth in export volume in recent years, there has been a widening of the national current account deficit from 8.8% to over 20%.
    Ex. Customers will be charged either a mark-up or a mark-down, depending on whether they are buying or selling.
    ----
    * incremento de = increased.
    * incremento de la demanda = increased demand.
    * incremento de la producción = increased production.
    * incremento del salto = jump increment.
    * incremento del uso = increased use.
    * incremento notable = rising tide.
    * incremento presupuestario = budget increase.
    * incremento salarial = salary increase.
    * por incremento gradual = incremental.
    * por incrementos graduales = incrementally.
    * * *
    masculino (frml) increase
    * * *
    = increase, increment, rise, tide, blossoming, augmentation, increase in numbers, growth in number, surge, jump, upswing, widening, mark-up [markup].

    Ex: The term you have chosen indicates an increase in specificity, since it is one of the members of the group described by the basic term.

    Ex: The volume increment gives information about the numbering scheme for volumes.
    Ex: The rapid rise of computer literacy in the world has led to a demand for the easy availability of many kinds of information.
    Ex: What has happened is that yet another institution has so overlapped with our own that we are being swept along on the tide of the technological revolution.
    Ex: There has been a blossoming in new consumer health information services.
    Ex: If the budget will not permit staff augmentation, then the reference librarian must help the department head to make the most of available resources.
    Ex: The present increase in numbers of overseas students in Australia tertiary institutions has implications for libraries.
    Ex: The growth in number of national, regional and international agricultural organisations has resulted in a vast output of scientific and technical literature, issued in a wide variety of forms.
    Ex: The Internet is also creating a new surge of interest in information in all forms, and a revitalized interest in reading.
    Ex: One of these proposals, a large jump in the dues for students and retired members, was watered down before finally being passed.
    Ex: The author discusses the current upswing in paperback sales of children's books in the USA and the slump in hardback sales.
    Ex: Despite growth in export volume in recent years, there has been a widening of the national current account deficit from 8.8% to over 20%.
    Ex: Customers will be charged either a mark-up or a mark-down, depending on whether they are buying or selling.
    * incremento de = increased.
    * incremento de la demanda = increased demand.
    * incremento de la producción = increased production.
    * incremento del salto = jump increment.
    * incremento del uso = increased use.
    * incremento notable = rising tide.
    * incremento presupuestario = budget increase.
    * incremento salarial = salary increase.
    * por incremento gradual = incremental.
    * por incrementos graduales = incrementally.

    * * *
    ( frml)
    (aumento) increase; (del salario) increase, increment
    * * *

     

    Del verbo incrementar: ( conjugate incrementar)

    incremento es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    incrementó es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    incrementar    
    incremento
    incrementar ( conjugate incrementar) verbo transitivo (frml) to increase
    incremento sustantivo masculino (frml) increase
    incrementar verbo transitivo to increase
    incremento sustantivo masculino increase, growth
    incremento salarial, wage rise
    ' incremento' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    subida
    - aumento
    - multiplicación
    English:
    increase
    - increment
    - rise
    * * *
    [de precios, salario] increase, rise; [de actividad] increase; [de temperatura] rise incremento porcentual percentage increase
    * * *
    m growth
    * * *
    aumento: increase

    Spanish-English dictionary > incremento

  • 103 interdisciplinar

    = cross curricular, cross-disciplinary, interdisciplinary [inter-disciplinary], cross-domain, cross-functional, boundary spanning.
    Ex. Many LEA's and individual schools are seeing the school library as an appropriate location for computers to support the developments in cross curricular work and resource based learning.
    Ex. Interesting perspectives of cross-disciplinary developments can be gathered from citation indexes in a way that would be difficult with traditional indexes.
    Ex. The scope of a citation index, especially those published by ISI, is interdisciplinary, and also crosses time barriers in a way that a normal index would not do.
    Ex. This article discusses techniques for building robust and domain-specific thesauri to assist in cross-domain scientific information retrieval.
    Ex. In the field of information technology academic institutions should adopt a cross-functional approach that provides a curriculum content that addresses real-world situations in a global setting.
    Ex. Particular attention is being paid to the need for boundary spanning go-betweens to manage the vital communication aspects of technology transfer.
    ----
    * colaboración interdisciplinar = interdisciplinary collaboration.
    * equipo interdisciplinar = cross-functional team.
    * grupo interdisciplinar = cross-functional team.
    * * *
    = cross curricular, cross-disciplinary, interdisciplinary [inter-disciplinary], cross-domain, cross-functional, boundary spanning.

    Ex: Many LEA's and individual schools are seeing the school library as an appropriate location for computers to support the developments in cross curricular work and resource based learning.

    Ex: Interesting perspectives of cross-disciplinary developments can be gathered from citation indexes in a way that would be difficult with traditional indexes.
    Ex: The scope of a citation index, especially those published by ISI, is interdisciplinary, and also crosses time barriers in a way that a normal index would not do.
    Ex: This article discusses techniques for building robust and domain-specific thesauri to assist in cross-domain scientific information retrieval.
    Ex: In the field of information technology academic institutions should adopt a cross-functional approach that provides a curriculum content that addresses real-world situations in a global setting.
    Ex: Particular attention is being paid to the need for boundary spanning go-betweens to manage the vital communication aspects of technology transfer.
    * colaboración interdisciplinar = interdisciplinary collaboration.
    * equipo interdisciplinar = cross-functional team.
    * grupo interdisciplinar = cross-functional team.

    * * *
    interdisciplinar, interdisciplinario, -a adj
    interdisciplinary
    * * *
    adj interdisciplinary

    Spanish-English dictionary > interdisciplinar

  • 104 invalidar

    v.
    to invalidate.
    * * *
    1 to invalidate
    * * *
    VT [+ certificado, resultado] to invalidate, nullify; [+ decisión] to reverse; [+ leyes] to repeal
    * * *
    verbo transitivo < documento> to invalidate, nullify; <premisa/argumento> to invalidate
    * * *
    = negate, override, overturn, render + redundant, render + suspect, render + wrong, rule out, rule out, short-circuit [shortcircuit], stultify, eviscerate, deflate, invalidate, preempt [pre-empt], pull + the plug on, overrule, void, make + redundant.
    Ex. Thus excessive delays in the availability of cataloguing records from the central agency will negate much of the value of a central service.
    Ex. On the final screen in the sequence, the default values for today's closing time and tomorrow's opening time may be overridden.
    Ex. However, any refinement involves greater human intervention, and this in turn can easily overturn the arguments in favour of subject indexes based upon titles.
    Ex. We need to replace those aspects of traditional public library service which have been taken over by other media or rendered redundant by social change.
    Ex. Poor standards of cataloguing in the past render many examples of retrospective music bibliography suspect.
    Ex. Further, changes in the external world serve to render judgments, valid at the moment, wrong at best, and detrimental to the effectiveness of the catalog at worst.
    Ex. If, however, we index documents about primary schools under the term primary school, we can immediately rule out a lot of irrelevant documents in our search.
    Ex. If, however, we index documents about primary schools under the term primary school, we can immediately rule out a lot of irrelevant documents in our search.
    Ex. There is little modulation, whole steps of division being short-circuited and an odd assembly of terms being frequently found: e.g.: LAW see also JURY, JUDGES.
    Ex. Excessive standardisation also tends to stultify development and improvement of IT products.
    Ex. Also, to become emotionally wedded to a particular view is to eviscerate one's effectiveness in achieving a workable solution.
    Ex. These developments deflate some traditional assumptions about and privileges associated with scientific and technical knowledge.
    Ex. However, in November 1976, with the eighth edition still hot from the press, the decision to revert wholly to indirect subdivision was implemented, thus invalidating a substantial part of the Introduction to the eighth edition.
    Ex. This article concludes that the main value of the indicators is as a management tool, as a means of preempting problems.
    Ex. However, the effects of media conglomeration on Times Mirror for bottom line results would pull the plug on the New York venture that was nearing its provisional term and beginning to show positive results.
    Ex. President Eisenhower overruled some of his military commanders in summer 1958, ordering them not to use nuclear weapons against China.
    Ex. However, in the case when the user's input fails, we would like to void the reserved funds.
    Ex. In one breath you say it's not very valuable and technologies will soon be here to make it redundant and in the next breath boast of its capabilities - you just can't have it both ways!.
    ----
    * invalidar las críticas = disarm + criticism.
    * invalidar las quejas = disarm + complaints.
    * invalidar un argumento = invalidate + argument.
    * * *
    verbo transitivo < documento> to invalidate, nullify; <premisa/argumento> to invalidate
    * * *
    = negate, override, overturn, render + redundant, render + suspect, render + wrong, rule out, rule out, short-circuit [shortcircuit], stultify, eviscerate, deflate, invalidate, preempt [pre-empt], pull + the plug on, overrule, void, make + redundant.

    Ex: Thus excessive delays in the availability of cataloguing records from the central agency will negate much of the value of a central service.

    Ex: On the final screen in the sequence, the default values for today's closing time and tomorrow's opening time may be overridden.
    Ex: However, any refinement involves greater human intervention, and this in turn can easily overturn the arguments in favour of subject indexes based upon titles.
    Ex: We need to replace those aspects of traditional public library service which have been taken over by other media or rendered redundant by social change.
    Ex: Poor standards of cataloguing in the past render many examples of retrospective music bibliography suspect.
    Ex: Further, changes in the external world serve to render judgments, valid at the moment, wrong at best, and detrimental to the effectiveness of the catalog at worst.
    Ex: If, however, we index documents about primary schools under the term primary school, we can immediately rule out a lot of irrelevant documents in our search.
    Ex: If, however, we index documents about primary schools under the term primary school, we can immediately rule out a lot of irrelevant documents in our search.
    Ex: There is little modulation, whole steps of division being short-circuited and an odd assembly of terms being frequently found: e.g.: LAW see also JURY, JUDGES.
    Ex: Excessive standardisation also tends to stultify development and improvement of IT products.
    Ex: Also, to become emotionally wedded to a particular view is to eviscerate one's effectiveness in achieving a workable solution.
    Ex: These developments deflate some traditional assumptions about and privileges associated with scientific and technical knowledge.
    Ex: However, in November 1976, with the eighth edition still hot from the press, the decision to revert wholly to indirect subdivision was implemented, thus invalidating a substantial part of the Introduction to the eighth edition.
    Ex: This article concludes that the main value of the indicators is as a management tool, as a means of preempting problems.
    Ex: However, the effects of media conglomeration on Times Mirror for bottom line results would pull the plug on the New York venture that was nearing its provisional term and beginning to show positive results.
    Ex: President Eisenhower overruled some of his military commanders in summer 1958, ordering them not to use nuclear weapons against China.
    Ex: However, in the case when the user's input fails, we would like to void the reserved funds.
    Ex: In one breath you say it's not very valuable and technologies will soon be here to make it redundant and in the next breath boast of its capabilities - you just can't have it both ways!.
    * invalidar las críticas = disarm + criticism.
    * invalidar las quejas = disarm + complaints.
    * invalidar un argumento = invalidate + argument.

    * * *
    invalidar [A1 ]
    vt
    ‹documento› to invalidate, nullify; ‹premisa/argumento› to invalidate
    * * *

    invalidar verbo transitivo to invalidate
    ' invalidar' also found in these entries:
    English:
    invalidate
    - negate
    - overrule
    - over
    * * *
    [sujeto: circunstancias] to invalidate; [sujeto: juez] to declare invalid;
    les invalidaron dos goles they had two goals disallowed
    * * *
    v/t invalidate
    * * *
    : to nullify, to invalidate

    Spanish-English dictionary > invalidar

  • 105 jerigonza

    f.
    1 gibberish.
    2 jargon, gibberish, double Dutch, gobbledydegook.
    3 cant.
    * * *
    1 peyorativo gibberish, jargon
    2 (argot) slang
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=galimatías) gibberish
    2) (=lenguaje) jargon
    3) (=estupidez) silly thing
    * * *
    femenino ( mezcla de idiomas) mumbo jumbo (colloq); ( lenguaje en clave) secret language o code
    * * *
    = lingo, gobbledygook [gobbledegook], mumbo jumbo, rigmarole [rigamarole].
    Ex. Every profession has its lingo, that is to say its list of frequently used terms familiar to practitioners of that profession.
    Ex. Tired of printing scientific gobbledygook that almost no one can read, one of the world's top science journals has ordered its authors to write plain English.
    Ex. This is all the legal mumbo jumbo that protects me from some random lawsuit for god only knows what.
    Ex. She sensed intelligence behind this rigmarole, but it was meaningless to her.
    * * *
    femenino ( mezcla de idiomas) mumbo jumbo (colloq); ( lenguaje en clave) secret language o code
    * * *
    = lingo, gobbledygook [gobbledegook], mumbo jumbo, rigmarole [rigamarole].

    Ex: Every profession has its lingo, that is to say its list of frequently used terms familiar to practitioners of that profession.

    Ex: Tired of printing scientific gobbledygook that almost no one can read, one of the world's top science journals has ordered its authors to write plain English.
    Ex: This is all the legal mumbo jumbo that protects me from some random lawsuit for god only knows what.
    Ex: She sensed intelligence behind this rigmarole, but it was meaningless to her.

    * * *
    1 (mezcla de idiomas) mumbo jumbo ( colloq), gobbledygook ( colloq); (lenguaje en clave) secret language o code
    * * *
    1. [galimatías] gibberish
    2. [jerga] jargon
    * * *
    f
    1 gobbledygook
    2 ( jerga) jargon
    * * *
    galimatías: mumbo jumbo, gibberish

    Spanish-English dictionary > jerigonza

  • 106 libro

    m.
    1 book.
    libro de bolsillo (pocket-sized) paperback
    libro de cabecera bedside book
    libro de cocina cookery book
    libro de consulta reference book
    libro de cuentos storybook
    libro de ejercicios exercise book
    libro electrónico electronic book
    libro de familia = document containing personal details of the members of a family
    libro de reclamaciones complaints book
    libro verde green paper
    2 omasum.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: librar.
    * * *
    1 (gen) book
    2 ZOOLOGÍA third stomach
    1 accounts
    \
    llevar los libros to do the bookkeeping
    libro blanco PLÍTICA white paper
    libro de cabecera (favorito) favourite book 2 (guía) bible
    libro de caja cash-book
    libro de cocina cookery book, recipe book, US cookbook
    libro de consulta reference book
    libro de coro hymn book
    libro de familia book recording details of births, marriages, etc. in a family
    libro de horas book of hours
    libro de reclamaciones complaints book
    libro de texto textbook
    libro de visitas visitors' book
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=obra impresa) book

    libro de cocina — cookery book, cookbook (EEUU)

    libro encuadernado, libro en pasta — hardback (book)

    libro escolar — (=informe) school report; [de texto] schoolbook

    libro mágico, libro móvil — pop-up book

    2) (=registro) book

    llevar los libros — (Com) to keep the books o accounts

    libro de caja — cash book, petty cash book

    libro de familia — booklet containing family details (marriage, births) used for official purposes

    libro de vuelos — (Aer) logbook

    libro genealógico — (Agr) herd-book

    3) (Pol)
    * * *
    1) (Impr) book

    colgar los libro — to quit (AmE) o (BrE) give up studying

    ser (como) un libro abierto: eres un libro abierto — I can read you like a book

    2) libros masculino plural (Fin)
    3) (Lit) ( parte) book
    •
    * * *
    = book, text.
    Ex. A bibliographic data base comprises a set of records which refer to documents (such as books, films, periodical articles or reports).
    Ex. The authors of this work have had experience behind both reference desks and classroom lecterns and have felt strongly the lack of an adequate text on the training and education of the reference librarian.
    ----
    * actitud ante los libros = set about books.
    * acto relacionado con el libro = book event.
    * adicto a los libros = bookaholic.
    * adquisición de libros = book supply, book purchasing.
    * almacén de libros = book-warehouse.
    * amante del libro = book lover [booklover].
    * amor por el libro = book-fancying.
    * anuncio publicitario de un libro = advertising blurb.
    * arte del libro = bookmanship.
    * audiolibro = talking book, audiobook [audio book].
    * Ayuda Internacional de Libros (BAI) = Book Aid International (BAI).
    * bibliotecario encargado de libros raros = rare book libarian.
    * biblioteconomía relacionada con los libros raros = rare book librarianship.
    * cadena del libro, la = book chain, the.
    * caja para transportar libros = book bin.
    * capacidad para libros = book capacity.
    * carrito de los libros = book truck, book trolley.
    * catálogo de libros = booklist [book list].
    * catálogo de libros en venta = publication(s) list.
    * catálogo en forma de libro = bookform catalogue, book catalogue.
    * catálogo en forma de libro encuadernado = bound book form catalogue.
    * catálogo impreso en forma de libro = printed book catalogue.
    * ciencia del libro = bookmanship.
    * cinta adhesiva ancha para libros = book tape.
    * colección de libros = book collection.
    * colección de libros de derecho en una prisión = prison law library.
    * colección de libros de jardinería = gardening collection.
    * colección de libros donados = gift collection.
    * colección de libros raros = rare book collection, rare collection.
    * coleccionista de libros = book-collector.
    * colocador de libros = book shelver, shelver.
    * comercialización del libro = bookselling [book selling].
    * comercio del libro = bookselling [book selling], book trade [booktrade].
    * comercio del libro, el = book business, the.
    * compra de libros = book buying [book-buying], book supply, book purchasing.
    * comprador de libros = book buyer.
    * conciencia del libro = book-consciousness.
    * confección de libros = bookmaking [book making].
    * con la extensión de un libro = book-length.
    * con una extensión similar a la de un libro = book-length.
    * creación de los índices de un libro = back-of-the-book indexing, back-of-book indexing.
    * crisis de la industria del libro = book crisis.
    * crisis del libro = book crisis.
    * de la extensión de un libro = book-length.
    * depósito de libros = book depot.
    * deshojar un libro = tear + book.
    * devorador de libros = book-eating.
    * distribuidor de libros = book dealer.
    * donación de libros = gift collection, book endowment, book donation, book gift.
    * edición de libros = book publishing.
    * encuadernación de libros = bookbinding [book-binding].
    * en forma de libro = in book form.
    * en formato de libro moderno = in codex form.
    * especialista en conservación de libros = book conservation specialist.
    * estantería para libros = book racks.
    * etiqueta identificadora del libro = label.
    * exposición de libros = book display.
    * expositor de libros = book display stand.
    * fabricación de libros = bookmaking [book making].
    * feria del libro = book fair.
    * ficha de préstamo del libro = book card [bookcard].
    * formato libro = book form [bookform].
    * Fundación de Libros Panafricanos = Pan-African Book Foundation.
    * gastos de libros = book expenditure.
    * historia del libro = book history.
    * ilustración de libros = book illustration.
    * ilustrador de libros = book illustrator.
    * impresión de libros = book-printing.
    * impresor de libros = bookmaker.
    * índice de libro = book index.
    * industria de la edición de libros = book publishing industry.
    * industria del libro = book industry.
    * industria del libro, la = bookmaking industry, the.
    * interesado por los libros = book-conscious.
    * interés por los libros = awareness of books.
    * ISBN (Número Internacional Normalizado para Libros) = ISBN (International Standard Book Number).
    * ladrillos y libros = brick and book.
    * lector de libros = book reader.
    * libro antiguo = old book, antiquarian book, rare book.
    * libro azul = Blue book.
    * Libro Blanco = White Paper.
    * libro científico = scientific book, scholarly book.
    * libro comercial = trade book.
    * libro como objeto = book-object.
    * libro con estructura plegable = pop-up book.
    * libro con ilustraciones = picture book.
    * libro conmemorativo = keepsake.
    * libro con precio de venta fijado = net book.
    * libro con precio de venta no fijado = non-net book.
    * libro de arte = art book.
    * libro de artista = livre d'artiste, artist's book.
    * libro de casos prácticos = case book.
    * libro de citas = citator.
    * libro de cocina = book on cookery, cookbook.
    * libro de codificación = codebook.
    * libro de consulta en sala = reserve room book.
    * libro de contabilidad = ledger.
    * libro de cuentas = account book.
    * libro de derecho = law book.
    * libro de divulgación científica = popular science book.
    * libro de ejercicios = workbook [work-book].
    * libro de empresa = organisation manual.
    * libro de estudio = study book.
    * libro de firmas = guest book [guestbook].
    * libro de historia = history book.
    * libro de hojas de palmera = palm leaf book.
    * libro de honor = guest book [guestbook].
    * libro de jardinería = gardening book.
    * libro de la biblioteca = library book.
    * libro de literatura no ficticia = non-fiction book.
    * libro de lujo = gift book.
    * libro de mayor venta = bestseller [best seller/best-seller].
    * libro de melodías = tunebook.
    * libro de navegación = book of navigation.
    * libro de notas = mark book.
    * libro de orígenes = studbook.
    * libro de pastas amarillas = yellow-back.
    * libro de prácticas = resource book.
    * libro de préstamo vencido = overdue book.
    * libro de recuerdo = keepsake.
    * libro de regalo = gift book.
    * libro de registro = accessions register, accessions book, accessions ledger.
    * libro de registro de entrada y salida de cartas = letterbook [letter book].
    * libro de reglas de un juego = rulebook.
    * libro de sermones = lectionary.
    * libro de sobremesa = coffee-table book.
    * libro de texto = school book, text, textbook [text book].
    * libro de texto de una asignatura = set course book.
    * libro de texto escolar = school text.
    * libro de viajes = travel book, travelogue [travelog, -USA].
    * libro educativo = educational book.
    * libro electrónico = electronic book (e-book/ebook).
    * libro encuadernado en tapa = hard book cover, hardback cover, hardback book.
    * libro en rústica = paperback, paperback book, paperbound book, trade paperback, pocketbook.
    * libro esencial = bedside book.
    * libro fantasma = dummy book.
    * libro ficticio = dummy book.
    * libro físico = physical book.
    * libro fotolitografiado = photolitho book.
    * libro frágil = brittle book.
    * libro genealógico = studbook.
    * libro grabado en audio = talking book, audiobook [audio book].
    * libro hablado = talking book, audiobook [audio book].
    * libro homenaje = Festschrift [Festschriften, -pl.], commemorative volume, memorial volume.
    * libro ilustrado = livre d'artiste, illustrated book.
    * libro impreso = press book, printed book.
    * libro impreso en pastas duras = board book.
    * libro infantil = children's book.
    * libro juvenil = young people's book, juvenile book.
    * libro litográfico = lithographed book.
    * libro litúrgico = liturgical work.
    * libro más vendido = bestseller [best seller/best-seller], blockbuster.
    * libro miniatura = miniature book.
    * libro narrativo = fictional book.
    * libro para empollar = crammer.
    * libro parlante = talking book, audiobook [audio book].
    * libro prohibido = banned book.
    * libro raro = rare book.
    * libro reservado = reserved book.
    * libros = book material.
    * libro sagrado = sacred book, sacred scripture.
    * Libros Americanos en Rústica en Venta = Paperbound Books in Print.
    * Libros Británicos en Rústica en Venta = Paperbacks in Print.
    * Libros Británicos en Venta = British Books in Print.
    * Libros de Texto para Africa (TAP) = Textbooks for Africa (TAP).
    * libros en venta = books in print.
    * libro sonoro = talking book, audiobook [audio book].
    * libros sobre curiosidades = curiosa.
    * libro táctil = tactile book.
    * libro táctil de dibujos = tactile picture book.
    * libro tipográfico = letterpress book.
    * libro trofeo de guerra = trophy book.
    * libro verde = green paper.
    * lista de libros = booklist [book list].
    * lista de libros enviados a encuadernar = bindery list.
    * lomo del libro = book spine.
    * máquina de coser libros = book-sewing machine.
    * maquina de grapar libros = book-stapling machine.
    * mercado del libro, el = book market, the.
    * movimiento de libros = bookshift.
    * mundo del comercio del libro = book-trade life.
    * mundo del libro, el = book world, the.
    * mutilación de libros = book mutilation.
    * no debes juzgar un libro por el color de sus pastas = don't judge a book by its cover, don't judge a book by its cover.
    * novelas o libros que se compran en el supermercado = self-help.
    * obsesionado con los libros = bookaholic.
    * obseso con los libros = bookaholic.
    * parásito del libro = book insect.
    * piojo de los libros = booklouse [booklice, -pl.].
    * posesión de libros propios = book ownership.
    * presentación de libros = book talk [booktalk/book-talk].
    * prestamista de libros = book lender.
    * préstamo de libros = book lending, checking out books.
    * prestar un libro = check out + book.
    * presupuesto para la compra de libros = book funds [bookfunds].
    * presupuesto para libros = book budget.
    * proceso técnico del libro = book preparation, book processing.
    * producción de libros = book production, book publishing.
    * promoción de libros = book promotion.
    * quema de libros = book burning.
    * que no es libro de texto = non-textbook.
    * recensión de libros = reviewing.
    * relacionado con la promoción de libros = book-promotional.
    * relacionado con los libros = book-related.
    * reproducción ilegal de libros = book piracy.
    * reserva de libro = book reservation.
    * reserva de libros = reserve book room.
    * reservar libros = reserve + books.
    * retirar un libro en préstamo = check out + book.
    * rincón del libro = book corner.
    * robo de libros = book stealing, book theft.
    * sacar libro en préstamo = borrow + book.
    * sala de libros raros = rare book room.
    * saldo del libro de cuentas = account book balance.
    * sección de libros en rústica = paperback rack.
    * seleccionador de libros = book selector.
    * selección de libros = book selection.
    * sello para libros = book stamp.
    * ser como un libro abierto = be an open book.
    * ser un libro abierto = be an open book.
    * servicio de libros a domicilio = homebound service.
    * servicio relacionado con los libros = book service.
    * sistema antirrobo de libros = book security system, library security system.
    * sistema de detección de libros = book detection system.
    * sociedad sin libros = bookless society.
    * soporte de libro = book support.
    * suministro de libros = book supply.
    * traslado de libros = bookmove.
    * vale canjeable por un libro = book token.
    * venta de libros = bookselling [book selling].
    * * *
    1) (Impr) book

    colgar los libro — to quit (AmE) o (BrE) give up studying

    ser (como) un libro abierto: eres un libro abierto — I can read you like a book

    2) libros masculino plural (Fin)
    3) (Lit) ( parte) book
    •
    * * *
    = book, text.

    Ex: A bibliographic data base comprises a set of records which refer to documents (such as books, films, periodical articles or reports).

    Ex: The authors of this work have had experience behind both reference desks and classroom lecterns and have felt strongly the lack of an adequate text on the training and education of the reference librarian.
    * actitud ante los libros = set about books.
    * acto relacionado con el libro = book event.
    * adicto a los libros = bookaholic.
    * adquisición de libros = book supply, book purchasing.
    * almacén de libros = book-warehouse.
    * amante del libro = book lover [booklover].
    * amor por el libro = book-fancying.
    * anuncio publicitario de un libro = advertising blurb.
    * arte del libro = bookmanship.
    * audiolibro = talking book, audiobook [audio book].
    * Ayuda Internacional de Libros (BAI) = Book Aid International (BAI).
    * bibliotecario encargado de libros raros = rare book libarian.
    * biblioteconomía relacionada con los libros raros = rare book librarianship.
    * cadena del libro, la = book chain, the.
    * caja para transportar libros = book bin.
    * capacidad para libros = book capacity.
    * carrito de los libros = book truck, book trolley.
    * catálogo de libros = booklist [book list].
    * catálogo de libros en venta = publication(s) list.
    * catálogo en forma de libro = bookform catalogue, book catalogue.
    * catálogo en forma de libro encuadernado = bound book form catalogue.
    * catálogo impreso en forma de libro = printed book catalogue.
    * ciencia del libro = bookmanship.
    * cinta adhesiva ancha para libros = book tape.
    * colección de libros = book collection.
    * colección de libros de derecho en una prisión = prison law library.
    * colección de libros de jardinería = gardening collection.
    * colección de libros donados = gift collection.
    * colección de libros raros = rare book collection, rare collection.
    * coleccionista de libros = book-collector.
    * colocador de libros = book shelver, shelver.
    * comercialización del libro = bookselling [book selling].
    * comercio del libro = bookselling [book selling], book trade [booktrade].
    * comercio del libro, el = book business, the.
    * compra de libros = book buying [book-buying], book supply, book purchasing.
    * comprador de libros = book buyer.
    * conciencia del libro = book-consciousness.
    * confección de libros = bookmaking [book making].
    * con la extensión de un libro = book-length.
    * con una extensión similar a la de un libro = book-length.
    * creación de los índices de un libro = back-of-the-book indexing, back-of-book indexing.
    * crisis de la industria del libro = book crisis.
    * crisis del libro = book crisis.
    * de la extensión de un libro = book-length.
    * depósito de libros = book depot.
    * deshojar un libro = tear + book.
    * devorador de libros = book-eating.
    * distribuidor de libros = book dealer.
    * donación de libros = gift collection, book endowment, book donation, book gift.
    * edición de libros = book publishing.
    * encuadernación de libros = bookbinding [book-binding].
    * en forma de libro = in book form.
    * en formato de libro moderno = in codex form.
    * especialista en conservación de libros = book conservation specialist.
    * estantería para libros = book racks.
    * etiqueta identificadora del libro = label.
    * exposición de libros = book display.
    * expositor de libros = book display stand.
    * fabricación de libros = bookmaking [book making].
    * feria del libro = book fair.
    * ficha de préstamo del libro = book card [bookcard].
    * formato libro = book form [bookform].
    * Fundación de Libros Panafricanos = Pan-African Book Foundation.
    * gastos de libros = book expenditure.
    * historia del libro = book history.
    * ilustración de libros = book illustration.
    * ilustrador de libros = book illustrator.
    * impresión de libros = book-printing.
    * impresor de libros = bookmaker.
    * índice de libro = book index.
    * industria de la edición de libros = book publishing industry.
    * industria del libro = book industry.
    * industria del libro, la = bookmaking industry, the.
    * interesado por los libros = book-conscious.
    * interés por los libros = awareness of books.
    * ISBN (Número Internacional Normalizado para Libros) = ISBN (International Standard Book Number).
    * ladrillos y libros = brick and book.
    * lector de libros = book reader.
    * libro antiguo = old book, antiquarian book, rare book.
    * libro azul = Blue book.
    * Libro Blanco = White Paper.
    * libro científico = scientific book, scholarly book.
    * libro comercial = trade book.
    * libro como objeto = book-object.
    * libro con estructura plegable = pop-up book.
    * libro con ilustraciones = picture book.
    * libro conmemorativo = keepsake.
    * libro con precio de venta fijado = net book.
    * libro con precio de venta no fijado = non-net book.
    * libro de arte = art book.
    * libro de artista = livre d'artiste, artist's book.
    * libro de casos prácticos = case book.
    * libro de citas = citator.
    * libro de cocina = book on cookery, cookbook.
    * libro de codificación = codebook.
    * libro de consulta en sala = reserve room book.
    * libro de contabilidad = ledger.
    * libro de cuentas = account book.
    * libro de derecho = law book.
    * libro de divulgación científica = popular science book.
    * libro de ejercicios = workbook [work-book].
    * libro de empresa = organisation manual.
    * libro de estudio = study book.
    * libro de firmas = guest book [guestbook].
    * libro de historia = history book.
    * libro de hojas de palmera = palm leaf book.
    * libro de honor = guest book [guestbook].
    * libro de jardinería = gardening book.
    * libro de la biblioteca = library book.
    * libro de literatura no ficticia = non-fiction book.
    * libro de lujo = gift book.
    * libro de mayor venta = bestseller [best seller/best-seller].
    * libro de melodías = tunebook.
    * libro de navegación = book of navigation.
    * libro de notas = mark book.
    * libro de orígenes = studbook.
    * libro de pastas amarillas = yellow-back.
    * libro de prácticas = resource book.
    * libro de préstamo vencido = overdue book.
    * libro de recuerdo = keepsake.
    * libro de regalo = gift book.
    * libro de registro = accessions register, accessions book, accessions ledger.
    * libro de registro de entrada y salida de cartas = letterbook [letter book].
    * libro de reglas de un juego = rulebook.
    * libro de sermones = lectionary.
    * libro de sobremesa = coffee-table book.
    * libro de texto = school book, text, textbook [text book].
    * libro de texto de una asignatura = set course book.
    * libro de texto escolar = school text.
    * libro de viajes = travel book, travelogue [travelog, -USA].
    * libro educativo = educational book.
    * libro electrónico = electronic book (e-book/ebook).
    * libro encuadernado en tapa = hard book cover, hardback cover, hardback book.
    * libro en rústica = paperback, paperback book, paperbound book, trade paperback, pocketbook.
    * libro esencial = bedside book.
    * libro fantasma = dummy book.
    * libro ficticio = dummy book.
    * libro físico = physical book.
    * libro fotolitografiado = photolitho book.
    * libro frágil = brittle book.
    * libro genealógico = studbook.
    * libro grabado en audio = talking book, audiobook [audio book].
    * libro hablado = talking book, audiobook [audio book].
    * libro homenaje = Festschrift [Festschriften, -pl.], commemorative volume, memorial volume.
    * libro ilustrado = livre d'artiste, illustrated book.
    * libro impreso = press book, printed book.
    * libro impreso en pastas duras = board book.
    * libro infantil = children's book.
    * libro juvenil = young people's book, juvenile book.
    * libro litográfico = lithographed book.
    * libro litúrgico = liturgical work.
    * libro más vendido = bestseller [best seller/best-seller], blockbuster.
    * libro miniatura = miniature book.
    * libro narrativo = fictional book.
    * libro para empollar = crammer.
    * libro parlante = talking book, audiobook [audio book].
    * libro prohibido = banned book.
    * libro raro = rare book.
    * libro reservado = reserved book.
    * libros = book material.
    * libro sagrado = sacred book, sacred scripture.
    * Libros Americanos en Rústica en Venta = Paperbound Books in Print.
    * Libros Británicos en Rústica en Venta = Paperbacks in Print.
    * Libros Británicos en Venta = British Books in Print.
    * Libros de Texto para Africa (TAP) = Textbooks for Africa (TAP).
    * libros en venta = books in print.
    * libro sonoro = talking book, audiobook [audio book].
    * libros sobre curiosidades = curiosa.
    * libro táctil = tactile book.
    * libro táctil de dibujos = tactile picture book.
    * libro tipográfico = letterpress book.
    * libro trofeo de guerra = trophy book.
    * libro verde = green paper.
    * lista de libros = booklist [book list].
    * lista de libros enviados a encuadernar = bindery list.
    * lomo del libro = book spine.
    * máquina de coser libros = book-sewing machine.
    * maquina de grapar libros = book-stapling machine.
    * mercado del libro, el = book market, the.
    * movimiento de libros = bookshift.
    * mundo del comercio del libro = book-trade life.
    * mundo del libro, el = book world, the.
    * mutilación de libros = book mutilation.
    * no debes juzgar un libro por el color de sus pastas = don't judge a book by its cover, don't judge a book by its cover.
    * novelas o libros que se compran en el supermercado = self-help.
    * obsesionado con los libros = bookaholic.
    * obseso con los libros = bookaholic.
    * parásito del libro = book insect.
    * piojo de los libros = booklouse [booklice, -pl.].
    * posesión de libros propios = book ownership.
    * presentación de libros = book talk [booktalk/book-talk].
    * prestamista de libros = book lender.
    * préstamo de libros = book lending, checking out books.
    * prestar un libro = check out + book.
    * presupuesto para la compra de libros = book funds [bookfunds].
    * presupuesto para libros = book budget.
    * proceso técnico del libro = book preparation, book processing.
    * producción de libros = book production, book publishing.
    * promoción de libros = book promotion.
    * quema de libros = book burning.
    * que no es libro de texto = non-textbook.
    * recensión de libros = reviewing.
    * relacionado con la promoción de libros = book-promotional.
    * relacionado con los libros = book-related.
    * reproducción ilegal de libros = book piracy.
    * reserva de libro = book reservation.
    * reserva de libros = reserve book room.
    * reservar libros = reserve + books.
    * retirar un libro en préstamo = check out + book.
    * rincón del libro = book corner.
    * robo de libros = book stealing, book theft.
    * sacar libro en préstamo = borrow + book.
    * sala de libros raros = rare book room.
    * saldo del libro de cuentas = account book balance.
    * sección de libros en rústica = paperback rack.
    * seleccionador de libros = book selector.
    * selección de libros = book selection.
    * sello para libros = book stamp.
    * ser como un libro abierto = be an open book.
    * ser un libro abierto = be an open book.
    * servicio de libros a domicilio = homebound service.
    * servicio relacionado con los libros = book service.
    * sistema antirrobo de libros = book security system, library security system.
    * sistema de detección de libros = book detection system.
    * sociedad sin libros = bookless society.
    * soporte de libro = book support.
    * suministro de libros = book supply.
    * traslado de libros = bookmove.
    * vale canjeable por un libro = book token.
    * venta de libros = bookselling [book selling].

    * * *
    A ( Impr) book
    un libro de arquitectura/sobre el imperio romano a book on architecture/on the Roman Empire
    un libro de cocina a cookbook, a cookery book ( BrE)
    hablar como un libro (abierto) (con afectación) to use high-flown o highfalutin language; (con sensatez) to talk sense, know what one is talking about
    perder los libros to lose one's touch, lose the knack ( colloq)
    sabérselas por libro ( Chi); to know every trick in the book, know what one is talking about/doing
    ser (como) un libro abierto to be an open book
    no intentes negarlo, eres un libro abierto don't try to deny it, I can read you like a book o you're an open book
    1 ( Fin):
    llevaba los libro de la empresa I was keeping the books o doing the bookkeeping for the company
    2
    (lectura): no le gustan los libros he doesn't like reading
    colgar los libro to quit ( AmE) o ( BrE) give up studying
    C ( Lit) (parte) book
    Compuestos:
    pop-up book
    (preparado — por el gobierno) consultation document, white paper ( BrE); (— por una organización independiente) report, consultation document
    minute book
    paperback
    cashbook
    reference book
    ● libro de contabilidad or cuentas
    ledger
    book of short stories
    school record
    style guide
    booklet recording details of one's marriage, children's birthdates, etc
    instruction manual
    reader
    teacher's book
    prayer book
    order book
    poetry book, book of poems
    new title
    complaints book
    register
    hardback
    textbook
    travel guide
    visitors' book; guest book
    daybook
    stock book
    ● libro mágico or mecánico or móvil
    pop-up book
    general ledger
    * * *

     

    Del verbo librar: ( conjugate librar)

    libro es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    libró es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    librar    
    libro
    librar ( conjugate librar) verbo transitivo
    1 ( liberar) libro a algn de algo ‹ de peligro› to save sb from sth;
    ‹de obligación/responsabilidad› to free sb from sth;
    ◊ ¡Dios nos libre! God forbid!

    2 ‹batalla/combate› to fight
    librarse verbo pronominal:

    librose de algo ‹de tarea/obligación› to get out of sth;
    librose de un castigo to escape punishment;
    se libró de tener que ayudarlo she got out of having to help him;
    se libroon de morir asfixiados they escaped being suffocated;
    librose de algn to get rid of sb
    libro sustantivo masculino (Impr) book;
    un libro de cocina a cookbook;
    llevar los libros (Fin) to do the bookkeeping;
    libro de bolsillo paperback;
    libro de consulta reference book;
    libro de escolaridad school record;
    libro de familia booklet recording details of one's marriage, children's birthdates, etc;
    libro de texto textbook
    librar
    I verbo transitivo
    1 to free: me libró de un castigo, she let me off from a punishment
    2 (una orden de pago) to draw
    II vi (tener el día libre) libra los fines de semana, he has weekends off
    libro sustantivo masculino book
    Fin libro de cuentas, account book
    Educ libro de texto, textbook

    ' libro' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abajo
    - abarquillarse
    - agotada
    - agotado
    - analogía
    - apaisada
    - apaisado
    - apéndice
    - atravesarse
    - baja
    - bajo
    - bastante
    - bien
    - bolsillo
    - cabecera
    - capítulo
    - censurar
    - cepillarse
    - cita
    - congratularse
    - cualquiera
    - cuerpo
    - curiosidad
    - datar
    - de
    - decir
    - deformación
    - desastre
    - desgraciada
    - desgraciado
    - devolver
    - diente
    - divertida
    - divertido
    - divulgación
    - edición
    - ejemplar
    - empalagosa
    - empalagoso
    - encuadernación
    - entender
    - feria
    - ficha
    - grabada
    - grabado
    - guía
    - hincar
    - hoja
    - homenaje
    - ilustrar
    English:
    about
    - above
    - abridged
    - acknowledgement
    - annual
    - appearance
    - audio
    - autograph
    - back
    - base
    - bash out
    - be
    - bed
    - bind
    - blockbuster
    - body
    - book
    - bookmark
    - bookrack
    - bore
    - boring
    - bound
    - bring out
    - browse
    - capture
    - chapter
    - coda
    - come out
    - content
    - cookbook
    - cookery book
    - copy
    - cover
    - crease
    - deadly
    - deal with
    - dedication
    - derivative
    - diary
    - dip into
    - dull
    - early
    - edit
    - editor
    - entitle
    - escape
    - exemplify
    - exploit
    - extract
    - fall
    * * *
    libro nm
    1. [impreso] book;
    un libro de aventuras a book of adventure stories;
    hablar como un libro to express oneself very clearly;
    Fam
    ser (como) un libro abierto to be an open book
    libro de bolsillo (pocket-sized) paperback;
    libro de cabecera bedside book;
    libro de canciones song book;
    libro de cocina cookbook, Br cookery book;
    libro de consulta reference book;
    libro de cuentos storybook;
    libro electrónico electronic book;
    libro de estilo style guide;
    libro de himnos hymn book;
    libro de instrucciones instruction book o manual;
    Rel libro sagrado Book [in Bible];
    libro de texto textbook;
    libro de viajes travel book
    2. Pol paper
    libro blanco white paper;
    libro verde green paper
    3. [registro] book;
    llevar los libros to keep the books
    Com libro de caja cashbook; Com libro de contabilidad accounts book; Educ libro de escolaridad = book containing a complete record of a pupil's academic results throughout his or her time at school;
    libro de familia = document containing personal details of the members of a family;
    libro de oro visitors' book [for important guests];
    libro de pedidos order book;
    libro de reclamaciones complaints book;
    libro de visitas visitors' book
    4. Fin libro diario [para transacciones] journal, day book
    * * *
    m book;
    colgar los libros quit studying;
    hablar como un libro talk like a book, use highfalutin language
    * * *
    libro nm
    1) : book
    libro de texto: textbook
    2) libros nmpl
    : books (in bookkeeping), accounts
    llevar los libros: to keep the books
    * * *
    libro n book

    Spanish-English dictionary > libro

  • 107 llegar lejos

    v.
    to go a long way, to go far, to get ahead, to go places.
    * * *
    to go far
    * * *
    * * *
    (v.) = get + far
    Ex. If scientific reasoning were limited to the logical processes of arithmetic, we should not get far in our understanding of the physical world.
    * * *
    (v.) = get + far

    Ex: If scientific reasoning were limited to the logical processes of arithmetic, we should not get far in our understanding of the physical world.

    Spanish-English dictionary > llegar lejos

  • 108 organización1

    1 = establishment, organisation [organization, -USA], institution.
    Ex. Since BC adheres closely to the educational and scientific consensus, BC found most favour with libraries in educational establishments.
    Ex. The author of a document is the person or organisation responsible for its creation.
    Ex. The distinction between 'societies' and 'institutions' lies at the heart of the code.
    ----
    * comportamiento de las organizaciones = organisational behaviour.
    * comunicación dentro de una organización = organisational communication.
    * conducta de las organizaciones = organisational behaviour.
    * OPEC, la [Organización de Países Exportadores de Petróleo] = OPEC [Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries].
    * organigrama de una organización = organisation chart.
    * organización afiliada = sister organisation.
    * organización agraria = agricultural organisation.
    * organización a la que pertenece = parent organisation.
    * organización benéfica = aid agency, aid organisation.
    * organización cívica = community organisation.
    * Organización Cultural, Científica y Educativa de las Naciones Unidas (UNESCO = UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization).
    * organización de voluntariado = voluntary body, voluntary agency, voluntary organisation.
    * organización empresarial = business organisation.
    * organización intergubernamental (OIG) = intergovernmental organisation (IGO).
    * organización internacional = international organisation.
    * Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) = International Labour Organisation (ILO).
    * Organización Internacional de Normalización = ISO.
    * organización mafiosa = crime syndicate.
    * organización miembro de una asociación = partner organisation.
    * Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) = World Health Organisation (WHO).
    * Organización Mundial para el Comercio = World Trade Organization (WTO).
    * Organización para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO) = FAO (Food and Agriculture Organisation).
    * Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE) = Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).
    * organización que actúa en representación de otras = umbrella organisation.
    * OTAN (Organización del Tratado del Atlántico Norte) = NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation).
    * una pieza más en la organización = a cog in the wheel, a cog in the machine.
    * uno más de tantos en la organización = a cog in the wheel, a cog in the machine.

    Spanish-English dictionary > organización1

  • 109 pastor

    m.
    1 shepherd, goatherd, herdsman, pastor.
    2 minister, protestant minister, pastor, churchman.
    * * *
    ► nombre masculino,nombre femenino
    1 (del campo - hombre) shepherd; (- mujer) shepherdess
    1 RELIGIÓN pastor
    \
    pastor alemán German shepherd, Alsatian
    ————————
    1 RELIGIÓN pastor
    * * *
    (f. - pastora)
    noun
    1) shepherd / shepherdess
    * * *
    pastor, -a
    1. SM / F
    1) (Agr) [de ovejas] shepherd/shepherdess; [de cabras] goatherd; [de vacas] cowherd
    2) (Rel) minister, clergyman/clergywoman
    2.
    SM (Zool) sheepdog

    pastor alemán — Alsatian, German shepherd

    * * *
    - tora masculino, femenino
    1) (Agr) (m) shepherd; (f) shepherdess
    2) (Relig) minister
    * * *
    = preacher, shepherd, pastoralist, sheepherder, herdsman [herdsmen, -pl.], herder, minister.
    Nota: Prelado o sacerdote de la iglesias reformadas protestantes o presbiterianas, entre otras.
    Ex. The public library's sole reason for being is to help people get along in the world, to help school children get better grades, to help preachers write better sermons that will keep the congregation awake, to help newspapermen find facts.
    Ex. The article is entitled 'University librarians: shepherds of books or disseminators of information?'.
    Ex. The CLS was also found to be an effective channel for maximizing the use of national library information resources by nomadic pastoralists.
    Ex. The traditional occupational structure involved agriculture & ranching, employing skilled sheepherders.
    Ex. The article is entitled 'Research and evaluation on the experience of transferring scientific and technical information to herdsmen in Senegal'.
    Ex. Mobile livestock herders have long been seen as the main culprits of overstocking & rangeland degradation.
    Ex. This amalgam of theological libraries was formed to support the training of ministers in various branches of Scottish Presbyterianism.
    ----
    * pastor alemán = Alsatian, German shepherd dog, German shepherd.
    * perro pastor = sheepdog.
    * * *
    - tora masculino, femenino
    1) (Agr) (m) shepherd; (f) shepherdess
    2) (Relig) minister
    * * *
    = preacher, shepherd, pastoralist, sheepherder, herdsman [herdsmen, -pl.], herder, minister.
    Nota: Prelado o sacerdote de la iglesias reformadas protestantes o presbiterianas, entre otras.

    Ex: The public library's sole reason for being is to help people get along in the world, to help school children get better grades, to help preachers write better sermons that will keep the congregation awake, to help newspapermen find facts.

    Ex: The article is entitled 'University librarians: shepherds of books or disseminators of information?'.
    Ex: The CLS was also found to be an effective channel for maximizing the use of national library information resources by nomadic pastoralists.
    Ex: The traditional occupational structure involved agriculture & ranching, employing skilled sheepherders.
    Ex: The article is entitled 'Research and evaluation on the experience of transferring scientific and technical information to herdsmen in Senegal'.
    Ex: Mobile livestock herders have long been seen as the main culprits of overstocking & rangeland degradation.
    Ex: This amalgam of theological libraries was formed to support the training of ministers in various branches of Scottish Presbyterianism.
    * pastor alemán = Alsatian, German shepherd dog, German shepherd.
    * perro pastor = sheepdog.

    * * *
    masculine, feminine
    A ( Agr) ( masculine) shepherd; ( feminine) shepherdess bueno1 (↑ bueno (1))
    Compuestos:
    German shepherd, Alsatian
    Belgian sheepdog
    ● pastor collie or escocés
    Shetland collie
    ● pastor húngaro or puli
    puli
    Old English sheepdog
    B ( Relig) minister
    pastor luterano Lutheran minister
    * * *

     

    pastor
    ◊ - tora sustantivo masculino, femenino

    1 (Agr) (m) shepherd;
    (f) shepherdess;

    2 (Relig) minister
    pastor,-ora
    I m,f (hombre) shepherd
    (mujer) shepherdess
    perro pastor, sheepdog
    II m Rel pastor, minister
    ' pastor' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    pastora
    - perro
    - zurrón
    English:
    Alsatian
    - clergyman
    - crook
    - German shepherd
    - minister
    - pastor
    - reverend
    - sheepdog
    - shepherd
    - vicar
    - collie
    - German
    - preacher
    - sheep
    * * *
    pastor, -ora
    ♦ nm,f
    [de ganado] shepherd, f shepherdess
    ♦ nm
    1. [sacerdote] minister;
    pastor protestante Protestant minister
    2. [perro] pastor alemán Alsatian, German shepherd;
    pastor belga Belgian sheepdog
    * * *
    I adj
    :
    perro pastor sheepdog
    II m
    1 de ovejas shepherd
    2 REL pastor
    * * *
    pastor, - tora n
    1) : shepherd, shepherdess f
    2) : minister, pastor
    * * *
    pastor n shepherd

    Spanish-English dictionary > pastor

  • 110 razonamiento

    m.
    reasoning.
    * * *
    1 reasoning
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    * * *
    masculino reasoning
    * * *
    = argument, reasoning, loop, ratio decidendi, argumentation.
    Ex. A précis is an account which restricts itself to the essential points in an argument.
    Ex. If scientific reasoning were limited to the logical processes of arithmetic, we should not get far in our understanding of the physical world.
    Ex. Orr's loop and propositions are useful to consider here.
    Ex. An online search of the WESTLAW and LEXIS databases, and examination of numerous cases with potential precedential value found the many dicta in judicial opinions to differ among jurisdictions, and found no ratio decidendi at all.
    Ex. The burden of proof is a key element in dialectic argumentation but turn-taking eventually determines the winner of an argument.
    ----
    * basarse en razonamientos + Adjetivo = rest on + Adjetivo + grounds.
    * capacidad de razonamiento = thinking skills.
    * proceso de razonamiento = reasoning process.
    * razonamiento comercial = business case.
    * * *
    masculino reasoning
    * * *
    = argument, reasoning, loop, ratio decidendi, argumentation.

    Ex: A précis is an account which restricts itself to the essential points in an argument.

    Ex: If scientific reasoning were limited to the logical processes of arithmetic, we should not get far in our understanding of the physical world.
    Ex: Orr's loop and propositions are useful to consider here.
    Ex: An online search of the WESTLAW and LEXIS databases, and examination of numerous cases with potential precedential value found the many dicta in judicial opinions to differ among jurisdictions, and found no ratio decidendi at all.
    Ex: The burden of proof is a key element in dialectic argumentation but turn-taking eventually determines the winner of an argument.
    * basarse en razonamientos + Adjetivo = rest on + Adjetivo + grounds.
    * capacidad de razonamiento = thinking skills.
    * proceso de razonamiento = reasoning process.
    * razonamiento comercial = business case.

    * * *
    reasoning
    * * *

    razonamiento sustantivo masculino
    reasoning
    razonamiento sustantivo masculino reasoning
    ' razonamiento' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    argumento
    - elemental
    - coherente
    - cojo
    - sólido
    English:
    confusing
    - reasoning
    - argument
    - assumption
    - bear
    * * *
    reasoning
    * * *
    m reasoning
    * * *
    : reasoning

    Spanish-English dictionary > razonamiento

  • 111 retocar

    v.
    1 to alter.
    retocar la pintura to touch up the paintwork
    2 to touch up, to do over, to finish up, to brush up.
    Retocamos los detalles del cuadro We touched up the picture's details.
    3 to rejig, to make adjustments to.
    El técnico retocó la maquinaria The technician rejigged the machinery.
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ SACAR], like link=sacar sacar
    1 (dibujo, fotografía) to touch up, retouch
    2 (perfeccionar) to put the finishing touches to
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) [+ dibujo, foto] to touch up
    2) [+ grabación] to play back
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    verbo transitivo <fotografía/maquillaje> to touch up, retouch
    * * *
    = tinker with, upgrade, retrofit, twiddle, fuss with, tweak, sex up, muck around/about, fiddle with, fudge, tinker + around the edges.
    Ex. Johnson's corrected proofs for the first edition of the 'Prefaces to the poets' show him skimming the text, tinkering with the accidentals but not revising them systematically.
    Ex. Sometimes it will be necessary to upgrade CIP records once the book is published, and this process is undertaken by BLBSD as appropriate.
    Ex. This model is attractive both for 'retrofitting' existing software as well as providing flexibility to new systems.
    Ex. Meek took her glasses off and twiddled them as her supervisor related the following incident.
    Ex. Editors are a bridge between the abstract writer and the printer: on the one hand they fuss with the content and intellectual quality of the abstract, and on the other hand they prepare copy that conforms to the constraints of the publishing world.
    Ex. This book offers strategies for high school teachers that provide tools for creating, repairing, and tweaking all the discernible components of teaching.
    Ex. Kelly reportedly said that top aides of Prime Minister Tony Blair had ' sexed up' intelligence reports to help justify an invasion of Iraq.
    Ex. I have looked at the book and mucked around with the database and using switches but can't see a solution.
    Ex. The writer bemoans record studios' tendency to chop up and fiddle with opera performances.
    Ex. The author explains how scientific literature is written, refereed, edited, and published, and contends that the data it contains have often been fudged or stolen from others.
    Ex. EU leaders are trying to raise the dead by taking the rejected constitution and tinkering around the edges.
    * * *
    verbo transitivo <fotografía/maquillaje> to touch up, retouch
    * * *
    = tinker with, upgrade, retrofit, twiddle, fuss with, tweak, sex up, muck around/about, fiddle with, fudge, tinker + around the edges.

    Ex: Johnson's corrected proofs for the first edition of the 'Prefaces to the poets' show him skimming the text, tinkering with the accidentals but not revising them systematically.

    Ex: Sometimes it will be necessary to upgrade CIP records once the book is published, and this process is undertaken by BLBSD as appropriate.
    Ex: This model is attractive both for 'retrofitting' existing software as well as providing flexibility to new systems.
    Ex: Meek took her glasses off and twiddled them as her supervisor related the following incident.
    Ex: Editors are a bridge between the abstract writer and the printer: on the one hand they fuss with the content and intellectual quality of the abstract, and on the other hand they prepare copy that conforms to the constraints of the publishing world.
    Ex: This book offers strategies for high school teachers that provide tools for creating, repairing, and tweaking all the discernible components of teaching.
    Ex: Kelly reportedly said that top aides of Prime Minister Tony Blair had ' sexed up' intelligence reports to help justify an invasion of Iraq.
    Ex: I have looked at the book and mucked around with the database and using switches but can't see a solution.
    Ex: The writer bemoans record studios' tendency to chop up and fiddle with opera performances.
    Ex: The author explains how scientific literature is written, refereed, edited, and published, and contends that the data it contains have often been fudged or stolen from others.
    Ex: EU leaders are trying to raise the dead by taking the rejected constitution and tinkering around the edges.

    * * *
    retocar [A2 ]
    vt
    ‹fotografía› to touch up, retouch; ‹maquillaje› to touch up, retouch
    sigue retocando el texto she is still putting the final touches to the text
    * * *

    retocar ( conjugate retocar) verbo transitivo ‹fotografía/maquillaje› to touch up, retouch
    retocar verbo transitivo to touch up: está retocando el proyecto, he's putting the final touches to the project
    ' retocar' also found in these entries:
    English:
    customize
    - retouch
    - touch up
    - touch
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    [prenda de vestir] to alter; [proyecto, escrito] to make a few final adjustments to; [fotografía, imagen] to retouch;
    retocar la pintura to touch up the paintwork
    * * *
    v/t
    1 FOT retouch, touch up
    2 ( acabar) put the finishing touches to
    * * *
    retocar {72} vt
    : to touch up

    Spanish-English dictionary > retocar

  • 112 ritmo vertiginoso

    (n.) = dizzying pace, dizzying speed, staggering rate, blistering pace
    Ex. The world energy crisis, contrived or real, has resulted in a dizzying pace of energy resource development.
    Ex. Tools and technologies for Web authoring continue to advance at a dizzying speed.
    Ex. Scientific and technological advances are proceeding at a staggering rate.
    Ex. He served as a professor of history at Cornell University for 35 years and set a blistering pace of scholarship, publishing 14 books plus 75 articles during his career.
    * * *
    (n.) = dizzying pace, dizzying speed, staggering rate, blistering pace

    Ex: The world energy crisis, contrived or real, has resulted in a dizzying pace of energy resource development.

    Ex: Tools and technologies for Web authoring continue to advance at a dizzying speed.
    Ex: Scientific and technological advances are proceeding at a staggering rate.
    Ex: He served as a professor of history at Cornell University for 35 years and set a blistering pace of scholarship, publishing 14 books plus 75 articles during his career.

    Spanish-English dictionary > ritmo vertiginoso

  • 113 régimen

    m.
    1 regimen, diet, regulated manner of exercise or diet.
    2 regime, system of government.
    * * *
    1 PLÍTICA regime
    2 MEDICINA diet
    3 (condiciones) system, regime, rules plural; (forma de producirse) pattern
    4 TÉCNICA speed
    5 LINGÚÍSTICA government
    \
    estar a régimen to be on a diet
    poner a régimen to put on a diet
    ponerse a régimen to go on a diet
    régimen de vida way of life
    régimen tormentoso (clima) stormy weather
    * * *
    noun m.
    2) diet
    * * *
    SM
    (pl regímenes)
    1) (Pol) régime
    2) (Med) (tb: régimen alimenticio) diet

    régimen de adelgazamiento — diet, slimming diet

    3) (=reglas) rules pl, set of rules
    * * *
    1) ( dieta) diet

    estar a o hacer régimen — to be on a diet

    2)
    b) (de lluvias, vientos) pattern, regime (tech)
    3) (Pol) regime
    * * *
    = diet, regime [régime], regimen, diet.
    Ex. Miss Laski suggests that the depiction of life found in many novels is naive, over-simplified and, as a constant diet, can do more harm than good.
    Ex. This study found that online access to scientific serials is most appropriate in the third world, principally due to the presence of a small number of scientists with a broad range of interests which makes the fixed-price regimes of print, microform or CD-ROM disadvantageous.
    Ex. Moreover, the medical profession encompasses a spectrum of opinions as to the efficacy, value, and danger attendant upon various regimens and courses of treatment.
    Ex. For example, space medicine certainly requires a knowledge of medicine, but in addition involves problems related to space physics, mechanics (the phenomenon of weightlessness), diet, hygiene, the list is formidable.
    ----
    * alojamiento en régimen de pensión completa = full-board accommodation.
    * antiguo régimen, el = ancient regime, the.
    * a régimen = on a diet.
    * partidario del régimen = loyalist.
    * régimen alimenticio = dieting.
    * régimen autoritario = authoritarian regime.
    * régimen capitalista = capitalist regime.
    * régimen comunista = communist regime.
    * régimen de vida = lifestyle [life style/life-style].
    * régimen dictatorial = dictatorial regime.
    * régimen fascista = fascist regime.
    * régimen militar = military regime.
    * régimen policial = police regime.
    * régimen político = political regime.
    * régimen socialista = socialist regime.
    * * *
    1) ( dieta) diet

    estar a o hacer régimen — to be on a diet

    2)
    b) (de lluvias, vientos) pattern, regime (tech)
    3) (Pol) regime
    * * *
    = diet, regime [régime], regimen, diet.

    Ex: Miss Laski suggests that the depiction of life found in many novels is naive, over-simplified and, as a constant diet, can do more harm than good.

    Ex: This study found that online access to scientific serials is most appropriate in the third world, principally due to the presence of a small number of scientists with a broad range of interests which makes the fixed-price regimes of print, microform or CD-ROM disadvantageous.
    Ex: Moreover, the medical profession encompasses a spectrum of opinions as to the efficacy, value, and danger attendant upon various regimens and courses of treatment.
    Ex: For example, space medicine certainly requires a knowledge of medicine, but in addition involves problems related to space physics, mechanics (the phenomenon of weightlessness), diet, hygiene, the list is formidable.
    * alojamiento en régimen de pensión completa = full-board accommodation.
    * antiguo régimen, el = ancient regime, the.
    * a régimen = on a diet.
    * partidario del régimen = loyalist.
    * régimen alimenticio = dieting.
    * régimen autoritario = authoritarian regime.
    * régimen capitalista = capitalist regime.
    * régimen comunista = communist regime.
    * régimen de vida = lifestyle [life style/life-style].
    * régimen dictatorial = dictatorial regime.
    * régimen fascista = fascist regime.
    * régimen militar = military regime.
    * régimen policial = police regime.
    * régimen político = political regime.
    * régimen socialista = socialist regime.

    * * *
    A (dieta) diet
    estoy a régimen or estoy haciendo régimen I'm on a diet
    tengo que seguir un régimen especial I have to follow a special diet
    el médico lo ha puesto a régimen the doctor has put him on a diet
    me voy a poner a régimen I'm going to go on a diet
    un régimen de adelgazamiento rápido a rapid weight-loss diet
    B
    1
    (reglamento): el régimen de visitas es muy estricto visiting hours are strictly controlled, the visiting regime is very strict
    presos sometidos a régimen de alta seguridad prisoners held under a high-security regime/in a high security prison
    2 (de lluvias, vientos) pattern, regime ( tech)
    el régimen de lluvias the rainfall pattern
    Compuesto:
    lifestyle
    C ( Pol) regime antiguo
    * * *

     

    régimen sustantivo masculino
    1 ( dieta) diet;

    ponerse a régimen to go on a diet
    2 (Pol) regime
    régimen sustantivo masculino
    1 Med diet
    a régimen, on a diet
    2 Pol regime
    3 (de lluvias, etc) pattern
    4 (disposiciones) system, regime
    régimen de vida, lifestyle
    ' régimen' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    franquismo
    - opositor
    - opositora
    - oprimir
    - represaliar
    - restaurar
    - someterse
    - tambalearse
    - acoger
    - agonizar
    - base
    - dieta
    - estar
    - imperante
    - implantar
    - monárquico
    - severo
    English:
    corrupt
    - diet
    - downfall
    - put
    - regime
    - slimming
    - vegetarian
    - condominium
    - crash
    - loyalist
    - open
    - slim
    - slimmer
    - taxation
    - tidal
    * * *
    1. [sistema político] regime;
    régimen parlamentario parliamentary system
    2. [normas] rules;
    alojarse en un hotel en régimen de media pensión to stay at a hotel (on) half-board;
    estar en régimen abierto [preso] to be allowed to leave the prison during the day
    régimen fiscal tax regime
    3. [dieta] diet;
    estar a régimen to be on a diet;
    ponerse a régimen to go on a diet;
    seguir un régimen to follow a diet
    régimen de adelgazamiento slimming diet;
    4. [rutina] pattern
    régimen climático climate;
    régimen hidrológico rainfall pattern;
    régimen de lluvias rainfall pattern;
    régimen de marea tide range;
    régimen de vida lifestyle
    5. Ling government
    6. Tec [de motor] speed
    * * *
    m
    1 POL regime
    2 MED diet;
    estar a régimen be on a diet;
    poner a régimen put on a diet
    :
    preso en régimen abierto JUR prisoner in an open prison
    :
    régimen fiscal tax regime
    * * *
    1) : regime
    2) : diet
    3) : regimen, rules pl
    régimen de vida: lifestyle
    * * *
    1. (dieta) diet

    Spanish-English dictionary > régimen

  • 114 sistema

    m.
    por sistema systematically
    sistema circulatorio circulatory system
    sistema decimal decimal system
    sistema fiscal o impositivo tax system
    sistema inmunológico immune system
    sistema métrico (decimal) metric (decimal) system
    sistema monetario europeo European Monetary System
    sistema montañoso mountain chain o range
    sistema nervioso nervous system
    sistema periódico de los elementos periodic table of elements
    sistema de seguridad security system
    sistema solar solar system
    2 method.
    3 system (computing).
    sistema experto/operativo expert/operating system
    * * *
    1 system
    \
    por sistema as a rule
    sistema cableado hard-wired system
    sistema de ecuaciones simultaneous equations plural
    sistema experto expert system
    sistema métrico decimal decimal metric system
    sistema montañoso mountain chain
    sistema nervioso nervous system
    sistema operativo operative system
    sistema planetario planetary system
    sistema solar solar system
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=conjunto ordenado) system

    sistema binario — (Inform) binary system

    sistema de calefacción — heating, heating system

    sistema de fondo fijo — (Com) imprest system

    sistema frontal — (Meteo) front, frontal system

    sistema inmunitario, sistema inmunológico — immune system

    sistema rastreador — [en investigaciones espaciales] tracking system

    2) (=método) method

    yo por sistema lo hago así — I make it a rule to do it this way, I've got into the habit of doing it this way

    * * *
    1) ( método) system
    2) ( conjunto organizado) system

    el sistema educativo/impositivo — the education/tax system

    •
    * * *
    = framework, machinery, system, regime [régime], ways and means.
    Ex. The intention is to establish a general framework, and then to give exceptions or further explanation and examples for each area in turn.
    Ex. We can choose to turn our backs on these principles with fatuous arguments which posit their anachronism and the nonexistent intelligence of computing machinery.
    Ex. The training of users of On-line Public Access Catalogues (OPACs) should be attuned to the characteristics of the system = La formación de usuarios de los catálogos en linea de acceso público (CEAP) debería estar en consonancia con las características del sistema.
    Ex. This study found that online access to scientific serials is most appropriate in the third world, principally due to the presence of a small number of scientists with a broad range of interests which makes the fixed-price regimes of print, microform or CD-ROM disadvantageous.
    Ex. Teachers need to be more familiar with bibliographical ways and means: librarians should be more aware of problems from the teachers' perspective and make active efforts to inform teachers of sources of help.
    ----
    * abusar del sistema = game + the system, milk + the system.
    * activar un sistema = activate + system.
    * administrador del sistema = system administrator.
    * ADONIS (Distribución automática de documentos a través de sistemas de inform = ADONIS (Automated Document Delivery Over Networked Information Systems).
    * alterar el sistema = perturb + the system.
    * análisis de sistemas = system(s) analysis.
    * analista de sistemas = system(s) analyst.
    * analista de sistemas de gestión bibliotecaria = library systems analyst.
    * aprovecharse del sistema = game + the system, milk + the system.
    * auditoría de sistemas = systems audit, systems auditing.
    * auditoría de sistemas de información = information systems auditing, information systems audit.
    * bibliotecario de sistemas = systems librarian.
    * brecha del sistema de seguridad = security leak.
    * brecha en el sistema de seguridad = security hole.
    * burlar el sistema = beat + the system, game + the system.
    * caída del sistema = system crash.
    * catálogo del sistema = system catalogue.
    * Comité Conjunto para Sistemas de Información (JISC) = Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC).
    * configurador del sistema = system configurator.
    * controlador del sistema = system controller.
    * conversión al sistema decimal = decimalisation [decimalization, -USA].
    * conversión al sistema métrico = metrication.
    * convertir al sistema decimal = decimalise [decimalize, -USA].
    * copia de seguridad del sistema = system backup.
    * desafiar al sistema = beat + the system.
    * desarrollo de sistemas = system(s) development.
    * de todo el sistema = systemwide.
    * diseñador de sistemas = systems designer, system designer, system developer.
    * diseño de sistemas = systems design.
    * documentación del sistema = system documentation.
    * engañar al sistema = beat + the system, game + the system.
    * en todo el sistema = systemwide.
    * entre el hombre y el sistema = human-system.
    * en varios sistemas = cross-system.
    * evaluación de sistemas = system(s) evaluation.
    * fichero de existencias del sistema = system holdings file.
    * fichero de usuarios del sistema = system user file.
    * funcionar por un sistema de turnos = work on + a rota system, work on + a rota, work + shifts.
    * interfaz usuario-sistema = user/system interface.
    * ir en contra del sistema = buck + the system.
    * ISDS (Sistema Internacional de Datos sobre Publicaciones Seriadas) = ISDS (International Serials Data System).
    * mantener un sistema de turnos = hold + a rota of.
    * mostrar el prompt del sistema = prompt.
    * NISTF (Grupo de Trabajo sobre los Sistemas Nacionales de Información de la A = NISTF (Society of American Archivists National Information Systems Task Force).
    * nombre de acceso al sistema = system logon name.
    * organizar un sistema de turnos de + Nombre = organise + a rota of + Nombre.
    * PADIS (Sistema de Información para el Desarrollo de Africa) = PADIS (Pan-African Development Information System).
    * parecido a un sistema experto = expert-type.
    * promovido por el propio sistema de información = information-led.
    * prompt del sistema = system prompt.
    * propio del sistema = built-in.
    * protección del sistema = system security.
    * proveedor de sistemas = systems supplier, system supplier [systems supplier].
    * Proyecto para Sistemas Conectados (LSP) = Linked Systems Project (LSP).
    * responsable del sistema = system programmer.
    * seguridad del sistema = system security.
    * sistema abierto = open system.
    * sistema agrícola = farming system.
    * sistema anglosajón de medidas = imperial measures.
    * sistema anticuado = legacy system.
    * sistema antiguo = legacy system.
    * sistema antirrobo de libros = book security system, library security system.
    * sistema auditivo, el = auditory system, the.
    * sistema automatizado = data system, automated system, computerised system.
    * sistema automatizado de bibliotecas = automated library information system, library computer system.
    * sistema automatizado de indización = computer-based indexing system.
    * sistema automatizado de préstamo = automated lending system, computerised issue system.
    * sistema automatizado multimedia = multimedia computer system.
    * sistema automatizado para la recuperación = computerised document retrieval system, computerised information retrieval system.
    * sistema automatizado para la recuperación de documentos = computerised document retrieval system.
    * sistema automatizado para la recuperación de información = computerised information retrieval system.
    * sistema automatizado por microordenador = microcomputer-based system.
    * sistema bancario, el = banking system, the.
    * sistema basado en el conocimiento = knowledge-base system.
    * sistema basado en las imágenes = image-based system.
    * sistema bibliotecario = library system.
    * sistema bibliotecario automatizado = automated library system.
    * sistema bibliotecario de bibliotecas de un sólo tipo = single-type library system.
    * sistema bibliotecario de bibliotecas de varios tipos = multitype library system.
    * sistema bibliotecario nacional = national library system.
    * sistema bibliotecario regional = regional library system.
    * sistema bibliotecario universitario = university library system.
    * sistema + caerse = system + crash.
    * sistema cardiovascular = cardiovascular system.
    * sistema cerebroespinal, el = cerebrospinal system, the.
    * sistema circulatorio = circulatory system.
    * sistema comercial = market system, commercial system.
    * sistema de abastecimiento de agua = waterworks.
    * sistema de acceso mediante tarjeta = card access system.
    * sistema de aire acondicionado = air conditioning system, air cooling system.
    * sistema de alarma = alarm system, detection system.
    * sistema de alcantarillado = sewerage system, sewerage.
    * sistema de alerta = early warning system.
    * sistema de alerta de novedades tecnológicas = technology watch.
    * sistema de alerta temprana = early warning system.
    * sistema de alimentación = fuel system.
    * sistema de almacenamiento y recuperación de la información = information storage and retrieval system.
    * sistema de altas presiones = high-pressure system, ridge of high pressure.
    * sistema de alumbrado = lighting system.
    * sistema de apoyo a la toma de decisiones = decision support system, decision making system.
    * sistema de archivo = archiving system.
    * sistema de arranque = starting system.
    * sistema de asignaturas optativas = course elective system.
    * sistema de asistencia sanitaria = health care system.
    * sistema de autoedición = desktop system.
    * sistema de automatización de bibliotecas = library automation system.
    * sistema de aviso de reclamaciones = claims warning system.
    * sistema de ayuda = help system.
    * sistema de ayuda a la gestión = management support system (MSS).
    * sistema de bajas presiones = ridge of low pressure, low pressure system.
    * sistema de becas = grant scheme.
    * sistema de bibliotecas públicas = public library system.
    * sistema de búsqueda = paging system.
    * sistema de cableado = wiring system.
    * sistema de cables eléctricos = electrical wiring.
    * sistema de calefacción = heating system.
    * sistema de castas = caste system.
    * sistema de cierre = locking system.
    * sistema decimal = decimal system.
    * sistema de circulación automatizado = automated circulation system.
    * sistema de circulación del agua = water circulation system.
    * sistema de clases sociales = class system.
    * sistema de clasificación = classification scheme, scheme, classification system, classification schedules, grading system.
    * sistema de clasificación analítico = analytical classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación de Bliss = Bliss classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación decimal = decimal classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación de la Biblioteca del Congreso = LCC (Library of Congress Classification).
    * sistema de clasificación dicotomizado = dichotomized classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación enciclopédica = general classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación enumerativo = enumerative classification scheme, enumerative scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación especializado = special classification scheme, special scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación facetado = faceted classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación general = general scheme, general classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación jerárquico = hierarchical classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación lineal = linear classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación multidimensional = multidimensional classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación por disciplinas = discipline-oriented scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación sintético = synthetic classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación universal = universal classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación verbal = verbal classification system.
    * sistema de cobro por la información usada = information metering.
    * sistema de codificación = coding system.
    * sistema de compañías = companionship system.
    * sistema de comunicación = communication system.
    * sistema de comunicaciones = communication system.
    * Sistema de Comunicaciones y de Archivo Fotográfico (PACS) = Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS).
    * sistema de comunicación óptica = optical communication system.
    * Sistema de Comunicación por Paquetes (PSS) = Packet-Switching System (PSS).
    * sistema de conductos eléctricos = ducting system.
    * sistema de conferencia en línea = online conferencing system.
    * sistema de control = monitoring system, vetting system.
    * sistema de control de la salida = exit control system.
    * sistema de control de publicaciones seriadas = serials system, serials control system.
    * sistema de conversión de texto a voz = text-to-speech system.
    * sistema de copias de seguridad = backup system.
    * sistema de creencias = belief system.
    * sistema de criba = vetting system.
    * sistema de deducción de puntos = points system.
    * sistema de defensa = defence system.
    * sistema de detección = detection system.
    * sistema de detección de libros = book detection system.
    * sistema de digitalización de documentos = document imaging system.
    * sistema de discos ópticos = optical disc system.
    * sistema de distribución = distribution system.
    * sistema de drenaje = drainage system.
    * sistema de emergencia = backup supply, backup system.
    * sistema de emisión de gases = exhaust system.
    * sistema de emisión de humos = exhaust system.
    * sistema de encendido = ignition system.
    * sistema de entrada mediante tarjetas = card-entry system.
    * sistema de entrada múltiple = multiple entry system.
    * sistema de entrada única = single entry system.
    * sistema de escritura = writing system.
    * sistema de evaluación = rating system.
    * sistema de evaluación anónima = double-blind.
    * sistema de evaluación por paresanónima = double-blind refereeing system.
    * sistema de extinción de incendios mediante rociadores de agua = water sprinkler fire extinguishing system.
    * sistema de extinción de incendios = fire extinguishing system, extinguishing system.
    * sistema de extinción de incendios mediante gas halón = halon gas fire extinguishing system.
    * sistema de facturación = billing system.
    * sistema de facturación por uso = cost billing system.
    * sistema defensivo = defence system.
    * sistema de fichas = card based system.
    * sistema de fichas peek-a-boo = peek-a-boo system.
    * sistema de frenado = brake system, braking system.
    * sistema de frenado antibloqueo = antilock braking system.
    * sistema de frenos = brake system, braking system.
    * sistema de géneros = sex/gender system.
    * sistema de gestión bibliotecaria = library system, library management system.
    * sistema de gestión de documentos = record(s) system.
    * sistema de gestión de documentos electrónicos = electronic document management system (EDMS).
    * sistema de gestión de imágenes = imaging system, image-based system, image management system.
    * sistema de gestión de la información (SGI) = information management system (IMS).
    * sistema de gestión del conocimiento = knowledge management system (KMS).
    * Sistema de Gestión de Mensajes (MHS) = Message Handling System (MHS).
    * sistema de gestión de registros = record(s) system.
    * sistema de gestión documental = information retrieval system (IRS), record(s) system.
    * sistema de gobierno = polity.
    * sistema de iluminación = lighting system.
    * sistema de incentivos = reward system, system of incentives [incentive system].
    * sistema de indización = indexing system, index system.
    * sistema de indización con conservación del contexto (PRECIS) = PRECIS.
    * Sistema de Indización de Estructura Profunda (DSIS) = Deep Structure Indexing System (DSIS).
    * sistema de indización de fichas = card index system.
    * Sistema de Indización por Frases Anidadas (NEPHIS) = Nested Phrase Indexing System (NEPHIS).
    * sistema de indización postcoordinada = post-coordinate indexing system.
    * sistema de indización PRECIS = PRECIS indexing system.
    * sistema de indización precoordinada = pre-coordinate indexing system.
    * sistema de información = information system.
    * Sistema de Información Bibliotecario = LIBRIS.
    * sistema de información documental = document information system.
    * Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG) = Geographic Information System (GIS).
    * sistema de información integrado = integrated information system.
    * sistema de información sectorial = sectoral information system.
    * Sistema de Información sobre Literatura Gris en Europa (SIGLE) = SIGLE (System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe).
    * sistema + dejar de funcionar = system + crash.
    * sistema de justicia penal = criminal justice system.
    * sistema de la ciencia, el = system of science, the.
    * sistema de lápiz óptico = data pen system.
    * sistema de llave en mano = turnkey system, turnkey software system.
    * sistema de lógica difusa = fuzzy system.
    * sistema del olfato = olfactory system.
    * sistema de medición de los recursos usados = metering system.
    * sistema de megafonía = public address system.
    * sistema de mercado = market system.
    * sistema de multas = fines system.
    * sistema de multiusuarios = multi-user system.
    * sistema de notas = grading system.
    * sistema de numeración = numbering scheme, numbering system.
    * sistema de petición de documentos = document delivery system.
    * sistema de préstamo = circulation system, issue system, lending system, book checking system, charge out system, library issue system.
    * sistema de préstamo automatizado = automated circulation system.
    * sistema de préstamo interbibliotecario = interlibrary loan system.
    * sistema de presupuestación mediante planificación y programación = planning programming budgeting system (PPBS).
    * sistema de primas = bonus scheme.
    * sistema de procesamiento de información = information processing system.
    * sistema de proceso de datos = data processing system.
    * sistema de proceso de imágenes = imaging system.
    * sistema de puntuación = point system.
    * sistema de reclamaciones = chasing system.
    * sistema de recompensa = reward system.
    * sistema de reconocimiento académico = academic reward(s) system.
    * sistema de recuperación = retrieval system.
    * sistema de recuperación de imágenes = image retrieval system.
    * sistema de recuperación de información = IR system.
    * sistema de recuperación de información por medio de menús = menu-based information retrieval system.
    * sistema de recuperación por relevancia = relevance system.
    * sistema de referencia = reference system, reference system.
    * sistema de referencia por coordenadas = grid reference.
    * sistema de refrigeración = cooling system.
    * sistema de registro = recording system.
    * sistema de reservas = booking system.
    * sistema de retransmisión = relay system.
    * sistema de rociadores de agua = sprinkler system, water sprinkler system.
    * sistema de saneamiento = sewerage system, sewerage.
    * sistema de seguimiento = monitoring system.
    * sistema de seguridad = security system, backup system.
    * sistema de selección = vetting system.
    * sistema de sonido cuadrafónico = quadrophonic system.
    * sistema de suministro de documentos = document supply system.
    * sistema de suministro de información = information supply system.
    * sistema de tarifas = charging system.
    * sistema de telecomunicaciones = telecommunication system.
    * sistema de televisión en color = colour system.
    * sistema de tiempo real = real-time system.
    * sistema de traducción automatizada = machine translation system.
    * sistema de transferencia de documentos = document delivery system.
    * sistema de transmisión de mensajes = messaging system.
    * sistema de transporte = transport system.
    * sistema de transporte público = public transport system.
    * sistema de tratamiento de imágenes = image processing system.
    * sistema de trueque, el = barter system, the.
    * sistema de tubos neumáticos = pneumatic tube system.
    * sistema de turnos = rota system.
    * sistema de valores = system of values, value system.
    * sistema de valores personales = personal value system.
    * sistema de valores sociales = social value system.
    * sistema de ventilación = ventilation system.
    * sistema de vídeodisco = video disc system.
    * Sistema de Vídeo Familiar (VHS) = VHS (Video Home System).
    * sistema de videotexto = videotext system.
    * sistema de videotexto público = public viewdata system.
    * sistema de vigilancia = surveillance system.
    * sistema de vigilancia electrónica = electronic surveillance system.
    * sistema digestivo = digestive system.
    * sistema documental = documentary system.
    * sistema económico = economic system.
    * sistema educativo = educational system, education system.
    * sistema electoral = electoral system.
    * sistema eléctrico = electrical system.
    * sistema electrónico de detección de robos = electronic theft detection system.
    * sistema endocrino, el = endocrine system, the.
    * sistema en el que el documento aparece representado en un único lugar del ín = one-place system.
    * sistema energético = energy system.
    * sistema en lenguaje natural = natural language system.
    * sistema en línea = online system.
    * sistema en red = network system.
    * sistema en uso = operational system.
    * sistema escolar, el = school system, the.
    * sistema ético = ethical system.
    * sistema experto = expert system, knowledge-base system.
    * Sistema General de Ordenación (SGO) = Broad System of Ordering (BSO).
    * sistema híbrido = hybrid system.
    * sistema ideológico = system of thought.
    * sistema informático = computing system, computer system.
    * sistema informático hecho por encargo = tailored system.
    * sistema inmunológico = immune system.
    * sistema integrado = integrated system.
    * sistema integrado de gestión bibliotecaria = integrated library package.
    * sistema inteligente = intelligent system.
    * sistema interactivo = interactive system.
    * sistema interactivo en línea = interactive online system.
    * sistema intermediario = backend system.
    * Sistema Internacional de Información sobre Agricultura (AGRIS) = AGRIS (International Agricultural Information System).
    * Sistema Internacional de Unidades, el = International System of Units, the.
    * sistema judicial = judicial system.
    * sistema legal, el = legal system, the.
    * sistema mercantil = market system.
    * sistema mercantilista = mercantile system.
    * sistema métrico decimal, el = metric system, the, decimal metric system, the.
    * sistema métrico, el = metric system, the.
    * sistema monetario = coinage.
    * sistema monetario, el = coinage system, the.
    * Sistema Monetario Europeo = European Monetary System.
    * sistema nervioso = nervous system.
    * sistema nervioso central = central nervous system.
    * sistema nervioso periférico = peripheral nervous system.
    * sistema numérico = numbering scheme, numbering system.
    * sistema obsoleto = legacy system.
    * sistema ofimático = office system.
    * sistema olfativo = olfactory system.
    * sistema operativo = operating system, operational system, computer operating system.
    * sistema operativo de disco = Disc Operating System (DOS).
    * sistema óptico = optical system, optical system.
    * sistema óptico de información = optical information system.
    * sistema orgánico = organ system.
    * sistema organizativo = organisational scheme, organisation scheme.
    * sistema para el análisis formal de documentos = markup code.
    * sistema para el análisis formal de documentos web = markup system.
    * sistema para información geográfica (SIG) = Geographical Information System (GIS).
    * sistema para la información de gestión = management information system (MIS).
    * Sistema para la Información Geográfica (SIG) = Geographic Information System (GIS).
    * sistema para la recuperación de texto libre = free text retrieval system.
    * sistema penal = penal system.
    * sistema penitenciario = penal system.
    * sistema personal = home system.
    * sistema político = political system.
    * sistema político unipartidista = one-party rule.
    * sistema precoordinado = pre-coordinate system.
    * sistema respiratorio = respiratory system.
    * sistema social = social system.
    * sistema solar, el = solar system, the.
    * sistema + venirse abajo = system + crash.
    * sistema virtual de gestión de cursos = course management system.
    * teoría de sistemas = systems theory.
    * vendedor de sistemas = systems vendor.
    * volver a levantar el sistema = restart.
    * * *
    1) ( método) system
    2) ( conjunto organizado) system

    el sistema educativo/impositivo — the education/tax system

    •
    * * *
    = framework, machinery, system, regime [régime], ways and means.

    Ex: The intention is to establish a general framework, and then to give exceptions or further explanation and examples for each area in turn.

    Ex: We can choose to turn our backs on these principles with fatuous arguments which posit their anachronism and the nonexistent intelligence of computing machinery.
    Ex: The training of users of On-line Public Access Catalogues (OPACs) should be attuned to the characteristics of the system = La formación de usuarios de los catálogos en linea de acceso público (CEAP) debería estar en consonancia con las características del sistema.
    Ex: This study found that online access to scientific serials is most appropriate in the third world, principally due to the presence of a small number of scientists with a broad range of interests which makes the fixed-price regimes of print, microform or CD-ROM disadvantageous.
    Ex: Teachers need to be more familiar with bibliographical ways and means: librarians should be more aware of problems from the teachers' perspective and make active efforts to inform teachers of sources of help.
    * abusar del sistema = game + the system, milk + the system.
    * activar un sistema = activate + system.
    * administrador del sistema = system administrator.
    * ADONIS (Distribución automática de documentos a través de sistemas de inform = ADONIS (Automated Document Delivery Over Networked Information Systems).
    * alterar el sistema = perturb + the system.
    * análisis de sistemas = system(s) analysis.
    * analista de sistemas = system(s) analyst.
    * analista de sistemas de gestión bibliotecaria = library systems analyst.
    * aprovecharse del sistema = game + the system, milk + the system.
    * auditoría de sistemas = systems audit, systems auditing.
    * auditoría de sistemas de información = information systems auditing, information systems audit.
    * bibliotecario de sistemas = systems librarian.
    * brecha del sistema de seguridad = security leak.
    * brecha en el sistema de seguridad = security hole.
    * burlar el sistema = beat + the system, game + the system.
    * caída del sistema = system crash.
    * catálogo del sistema = system catalogue.
    * Comité Conjunto para Sistemas de Información (JISC) = Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC).
    * configurador del sistema = system configurator.
    * controlador del sistema = system controller.
    * conversión al sistema decimal = decimalisation [decimalization, -USA].
    * conversión al sistema métrico = metrication.
    * convertir al sistema decimal = decimalise [decimalize, -USA].
    * copia de seguridad del sistema = system backup.
    * desafiar al sistema = beat + the system.
    * desarrollo de sistemas = system(s) development.
    * de todo el sistema = systemwide.
    * diseñador de sistemas = systems designer, system designer, system developer.
    * diseño de sistemas = systems design.
    * documentación del sistema = system documentation.
    * engañar al sistema = beat + the system, game + the system.
    * en todo el sistema = systemwide.
    * entre el hombre y el sistema = human-system.
    * en varios sistemas = cross-system.
    * evaluación de sistemas = system(s) evaluation.
    * fichero de existencias del sistema = system holdings file.
    * fichero de usuarios del sistema = system user file.
    * funcionar por un sistema de turnos = work on + a rota system, work on + a rota, work + shifts.
    * interfaz usuario-sistema = user/system interface.
    * ir en contra del sistema = buck + the system.
    * ISDS (Sistema Internacional de Datos sobre Publicaciones Seriadas) = ISDS (International Serials Data System).
    * mantener un sistema de turnos = hold + a rota of.
    * mostrar el prompt del sistema = prompt.
    * NISTF (Grupo de Trabajo sobre los Sistemas Nacionales de Información de la A = NISTF (Society of American Archivists National Information Systems Task Force).
    * nombre de acceso al sistema = system logon name.
    * organizar un sistema de turnos de + Nombre = organise + a rota of + Nombre.
    * PADIS (Sistema de Información para el Desarrollo de Africa) = PADIS (Pan-African Development Information System).
    * parecido a un sistema experto = expert-type.
    * promovido por el propio sistema de información = information-led.
    * prompt del sistema = system prompt.
    * propio del sistema = built-in.
    * protección del sistema = system security.
    * proveedor de sistemas = systems supplier, system supplier [systems supplier].
    * Proyecto para Sistemas Conectados (LSP) = Linked Systems Project (LSP).
    * responsable del sistema = system programmer.
    * seguridad del sistema = system security.
    * sistema abierto = open system.
    * sistema agrícola = farming system.
    * sistema anglosajón de medidas = imperial measures.
    * sistema anticuado = legacy system.
    * sistema antiguo = legacy system.
    * sistema antirrobo de libros = book security system, library security system.
    * sistema auditivo, el = auditory system, the.
    * sistema automatizado = data system, automated system, computerised system.
    * sistema automatizado de bibliotecas = automated library information system, library computer system.
    * sistema automatizado de indización = computer-based indexing system.
    * sistema automatizado de préstamo = automated lending system, computerised issue system.
    * sistema automatizado multimedia = multimedia computer system.
    * sistema automatizado para la recuperación = computerised document retrieval system, computerised information retrieval system.
    * sistema automatizado para la recuperación de documentos = computerised document retrieval system.
    * sistema automatizado para la recuperación de información = computerised information retrieval system.
    * sistema automatizado por microordenador = microcomputer-based system.
    * sistema bancario, el = banking system, the.
    * sistema basado en el conocimiento = knowledge-base system.
    * sistema basado en las imágenes = image-based system.
    * sistema bibliotecario = library system.
    * sistema bibliotecario automatizado = automated library system.
    * sistema bibliotecario de bibliotecas de un sólo tipo = single-type library system.
    * sistema bibliotecario de bibliotecas de varios tipos = multitype library system.
    * sistema bibliotecario nacional = national library system.
    * sistema bibliotecario regional = regional library system.
    * sistema bibliotecario universitario = university library system.
    * sistema + caerse = system + crash.
    * sistema cardiovascular = cardiovascular system.
    * sistema cerebroespinal, el = cerebrospinal system, the.
    * sistema circulatorio = circulatory system.
    * sistema comercial = market system, commercial system.
    * sistema de abastecimiento de agua = waterworks.
    * sistema de acceso mediante tarjeta = card access system.
    * sistema de aire acondicionado = air conditioning system, air cooling system.
    * sistema de alarma = alarm system, detection system.
    * sistema de alcantarillado = sewerage system, sewerage.
    * sistema de alerta = early warning system.
    * sistema de alerta de novedades tecnológicas = technology watch.
    * sistema de alerta temprana = early warning system.
    * sistema de alimentación = fuel system.
    * sistema de almacenamiento y recuperación de la información = information storage and retrieval system.
    * sistema de altas presiones = high-pressure system, ridge of high pressure.
    * sistema de alumbrado = lighting system.
    * sistema de apoyo a la toma de decisiones = decision support system, decision making system.
    * sistema de archivo = archiving system.
    * sistema de arranque = starting system.
    * sistema de asignaturas optativas = course elective system.
    * sistema de asistencia sanitaria = health care system.
    * sistema de autoedición = desktop system.
    * sistema de automatización de bibliotecas = library automation system.
    * sistema de aviso de reclamaciones = claims warning system.
    * sistema de ayuda = help system.
    * sistema de ayuda a la gestión = management support system (MSS).
    * sistema de bajas presiones = ridge of low pressure, low pressure system.
    * sistema de becas = grant scheme.
    * sistema de bibliotecas públicas = public library system.
    * sistema de búsqueda = paging system.
    * sistema de cableado = wiring system.
    * sistema de cables eléctricos = electrical wiring.
    * sistema de calefacción = heating system.
    * sistema de castas = caste system.
    * sistema de cierre = locking system.
    * sistema decimal = decimal system.
    * sistema de circulación automatizado = automated circulation system.
    * sistema de circulación del agua = water circulation system.
    * sistema de clases sociales = class system.
    * sistema de clasificación = classification scheme, scheme, classification system, classification schedules, grading system.
    * sistema de clasificación analítico = analytical classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación de Bliss = Bliss classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación decimal = decimal classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación de la Biblioteca del Congreso = LCC (Library of Congress Classification).
    * sistema de clasificación dicotomizado = dichotomized classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación enciclopédica = general classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación enumerativo = enumerative classification scheme, enumerative scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación especializado = special classification scheme, special scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación facetado = faceted classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación general = general scheme, general classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación jerárquico = hierarchical classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación lineal = linear classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación multidimensional = multidimensional classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación por disciplinas = discipline-oriented scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación sintético = synthetic classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación universal = universal classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación verbal = verbal classification system.
    * sistema de cobro por la información usada = information metering.
    * sistema de codificación = coding system.
    * sistema de compañías = companionship system.
    * sistema de comunicación = communication system.
    * sistema de comunicaciones = communication system.
    * Sistema de Comunicaciones y de Archivo Fotográfico (PACS) = Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS).
    * sistema de comunicación óptica = optical communication system.
    * Sistema de Comunicación por Paquetes (PSS) = Packet-Switching System (PSS).
    * sistema de conductos eléctricos = ducting system.
    * sistema de conferencia en línea = online conferencing system.
    * sistema de control = monitoring system, vetting system.
    * sistema de control de la salida = exit control system.
    * sistema de control de publicaciones seriadas = serials system, serials control system.
    * sistema de conversión de texto a voz = text-to-speech system.
    * sistema de copias de seguridad = backup system.
    * sistema de creencias = belief system.
    * sistema de criba = vetting system.
    * sistema de deducción de puntos = points system.
    * sistema de defensa = defence system.
    * sistema de detección = detection system.
    * sistema de detección de libros = book detection system.
    * sistema de digitalización de documentos = document imaging system.
    * sistema de discos ópticos = optical disc system.
    * sistema de distribución = distribution system.
    * sistema de drenaje = drainage system.
    * sistema de emergencia = backup supply, backup system.
    * sistema de emisión de gases = exhaust system.
    * sistema de emisión de humos = exhaust system.
    * sistema de encendido = ignition system.
    * sistema de entrada mediante tarjetas = card-entry system.
    * sistema de entrada múltiple = multiple entry system.
    * sistema de entrada única = single entry system.
    * sistema de escritura = writing system.
    * sistema de evaluación = rating system.
    * sistema de evaluación anónima = double-blind.
    * sistema de evaluación por paresanónima = double-blind refereeing system.
    * sistema de extinción de incendios mediante rociadores de agua = water sprinkler fire extinguishing system.
    * sistema de extinción de incendios = fire extinguishing system, extinguishing system.
    * sistema de extinción de incendios mediante gas halón = halon gas fire extinguishing system.
    * sistema de facturación = billing system.
    * sistema de facturación por uso = cost billing system.
    * sistema defensivo = defence system.
    * sistema de fichas = card based system.
    * sistema de fichas peek-a-boo = peek-a-boo system.
    * sistema de frenado = brake system, braking system.
    * sistema de frenado antibloqueo = antilock braking system.
    * sistema de frenos = brake system, braking system.
    * sistema de géneros = sex/gender system.
    * sistema de gestión bibliotecaria = library system, library management system.
    * sistema de gestión de documentos = record(s) system.
    * sistema de gestión de documentos electrónicos = electronic document management system (EDMS).
    * sistema de gestión de imágenes = imaging system, image-based system, image management system.
    * sistema de gestión de la información (SGI) = information management system (IMS).
    * sistema de gestión del conocimiento = knowledge management system (KMS).
    * Sistema de Gestión de Mensajes (MHS) = Message Handling System (MHS).
    * sistema de gestión de registros = record(s) system.
    * sistema de gestión documental = information retrieval system (IRS), record(s) system.
    * sistema de gobierno = polity.
    * sistema de iluminación = lighting system.
    * sistema de incentivos = reward system, system of incentives [incentive system].
    * sistema de indización = indexing system, index system.
    * sistema de indización con conservación del contexto (PRECIS) = PRECIS.
    * Sistema de Indización de Estructura Profunda (DSIS) = Deep Structure Indexing System (DSIS).
    * sistema de indización de fichas = card index system.
    * Sistema de Indización por Frases Anidadas (NEPHIS) = Nested Phrase Indexing System (NEPHIS).
    * sistema de indización postcoordinada = post-coordinate indexing system.
    * sistema de indización PRECIS = PRECIS indexing system.
    * sistema de indización precoordinada = pre-coordinate indexing system.
    * sistema de información = information system.
    * Sistema de Información Bibliotecario = LIBRIS.
    * sistema de información documental = document information system.
    * Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG) = Geographic Information System (GIS).
    * sistema de información integrado = integrated information system.
    * sistema de información sectorial = sectoral information system.
    * Sistema de Información sobre Literatura Gris en Europa (SIGLE) = SIGLE (System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe).
    * sistema + dejar de funcionar = system + crash.
    * sistema de justicia penal = criminal justice system.
    * sistema de la ciencia, el = system of science, the.
    * sistema de lápiz óptico = data pen system.
    * sistema de llave en mano = turnkey system, turnkey software system.
    * sistema de lógica difusa = fuzzy system.
    * sistema del olfato = olfactory system.
    * sistema de medición de los recursos usados = metering system.
    * sistema de megafonía = public address system.
    * sistema de mercado = market system.
    * sistema de multas = fines system.
    * sistema de multiusuarios = multi-user system.
    * sistema de notas = grading system.
    * sistema de numeración = numbering scheme, numbering system.
    * sistema de petición de documentos = document delivery system.
    * sistema de préstamo = circulation system, issue system, lending system, book checking system, charge out system, library issue system.
    * sistema de préstamo automatizado = automated circulation system.
    * sistema de préstamo interbibliotecario = interlibrary loan system.
    * sistema de presupuestación mediante planificación y programación = planning programming budgeting system (PPBS).
    * sistema de primas = bonus scheme.
    * sistema de procesamiento de información = information processing system.
    * sistema de proceso de datos = data processing system.
    * sistema de proceso de imágenes = imaging system.
    * sistema de puntuación = point system.
    * sistema de reclamaciones = chasing system.
    * sistema de recompensa = reward system.
    * sistema de reconocimiento académico = academic reward(s) system.
    * sistema de recuperación = retrieval system.
    * sistema de recuperación de imágenes = image retrieval system.
    * sistema de recuperación de información = IR system.
    * sistema de recuperación de información por medio de menús = menu-based information retrieval system.
    * sistema de recuperación por relevancia = relevance system.
    * sistema de referencia = reference system, reference system.
    * sistema de referencia por coordenadas = grid reference.
    * sistema de refrigeración = cooling system.
    * sistema de registro = recording system.
    * sistema de reservas = booking system.
    * sistema de retransmisión = relay system.
    * sistema de rociadores de agua = sprinkler system, water sprinkler system.
    * sistema de saneamiento = sewerage system, sewerage.
    * sistema de seguimiento = monitoring system.
    * sistema de seguridad = security system, backup system.
    * sistema de selección = vetting system.
    * sistema de sonido cuadrafónico = quadrophonic system.
    * sistema de suministro de documentos = document supply system.
    * sistema de suministro de información = information supply system.
    * sistema de tarifas = charging system.
    * sistema de telecomunicaciones = telecommunication system.
    * sistema de televisión en color = colour system.
    * sistema de tiempo real = real-time system.
    * sistema de traducción automatizada = machine translation system.
    * sistema de transferencia de documentos = document delivery system.
    * sistema de transmisión de mensajes = messaging system.
    * sistema de transporte = transport system.
    * sistema de transporte público = public transport system.
    * sistema de tratamiento de imágenes = image processing system.
    * sistema de trueque, el = barter system, the.
    * sistema de tubos neumáticos = pneumatic tube system.
    * sistema de turnos = rota system.
    * sistema de valores = system of values, value system.
    * sistema de valores personales = personal value system.
    * sistema de valores sociales = social value system.
    * sistema de ventilación = ventilation system.
    * sistema de vídeodisco = video disc system.
    * Sistema de Vídeo Familiar (VHS) = VHS (Video Home System).
    * sistema de videotexto = videotext system.
    * sistema de videotexto público = public viewdata system.
    * sistema de vigilancia = surveillance system.
    * sistema de vigilancia electrónica = electronic surveillance system.
    * sistema digestivo = digestive system.
    * sistema documental = documentary system.
    * sistema económico = economic system.
    * sistema educativo = educational system, education system.
    * sistema electoral = electoral system.
    * sistema eléctrico = electrical system.
    * sistema electrónico de detección de robos = electronic theft detection system.
    * sistema endocrino, el = endocrine system, the.
    * sistema en el que el documento aparece representado en un único lugar del ín = one-place system.
    * sistema energético = energy system.
    * sistema en lenguaje natural = natural language system.
    * sistema en línea = online system.
    * sistema en red = network system.
    * sistema en uso = operational system.
    * sistema escolar, el = school system, the.
    * sistema ético = ethical system.
    * sistema experto = expert system, knowledge-base system.
    * Sistema General de Ordenación (SGO) = Broad System of Ordering (BSO).
    * sistema híbrido = hybrid system.
    * sistema ideológico = system of thought.
    * sistema informático = computing system, computer system.
    * sistema informático hecho por encargo = tailored system.
    * sistema inmunológico = immune system.
    * sistema integrado = integrated system.
    * sistema integrado de gestión bibliotecaria = integrated library package.
    * sistema inteligente = intelligent system.
    * sistema interactivo = interactive system.
    * sistema interactivo en línea = interactive online system.
    * sistema intermediario = backend system.
    * Sistema Internacional de Información sobre Agricultura (AGRIS) = AGRIS (International Agricultural Information System).
    * Sistema Internacional de Unidades, el = International System of Units, the.
    * sistema judicial = judicial system.
    * sistema legal, el = legal system, the.
    * sistema mercantil = market system.
    * sistema mercantilista = mercantile system.
    * sistema métrico decimal, el = metric system, the, decimal metric system, the.
    * sistema métrico, el = metric system, the.
    * sistema monetario = coinage.
    * sistema monetario, el = coinage system, the.
    * Sistema Monetario Europeo = European Monetary System.
    * sistema nervioso = nervous system.
    * sistema nervioso central = central nervous system.
    * sistema nervioso periférico = peripheral nervous system.
    * sistema numérico = numbering scheme, numbering system.
    * sistema obsoleto = legacy system.
    * sistema ofimático = office system.
    * sistema olfativo = olfactory system.
    * sistema operativo = operating system, operational system, computer operating system.
    * sistema operativo de disco = Disc Operating System (DOS).
    * sistema óptico = optical system, optical system.
    * sistema óptico de información = optical information system.
    * sistema orgánico = organ system.
    * sistema organizativo = organisational scheme, organisation scheme.
    * sistema para el análisis formal de documentos = markup code.
    * sistema para el análisis formal de documentos web = markup system.
    * sistema para información geográfica (SIG) = Geographical Information System (GIS).
    * sistema para la información de gestión = management information system (MIS).
    * Sistema para la Información Geográfica (SIG) = Geographic Information System (GIS).
    * sistema para la recuperación de texto libre = free text retrieval system.
    * sistema penal = penal system.
    * sistema penitenciario = penal system.
    * sistema personal = home system.
    * sistema político = political system.
    * sistema político unipartidista = one-party rule.
    * sistema precoordinado = pre-coordinate system.
    * sistema respiratorio = respiratory system.
    * sistema social = social system.
    * sistema solar, el = solar system, the.
    * sistema + venirse abajo = system + crash.
    * sistema virtual de gestión de cursos = course management system.
    * teoría de sistemas = systems theory.
    * vendedor de sistemas = systems vendor.
    * volver a levantar el sistema = restart.

    * * *
    A (método) system
    necesitamos un nuevo sistema we need a new way of doing things o a new system
    trabajar con sistema to work systematically o methodically
    él se opone a todo lo que yo propongo, por sistema he systematically o invariably opposes everything I propose, as a matter of course he opposes everything I propose
    B
    el sistema educativo/impositivo the education/tax system
    el sistema de calefacción the heating system
    2 ( Inf) system
    entrar en or al sistema to log in o on
    salir del sistema to log out o off
    Compuestos:
    ( Mil) Electronic Counter Measures
    distribution system
    set of simultaneous equations
    satellite navegation system
    through-ticketing
    expert system
    metric system
    European Monetary System
    mountain range
    nervous system
    central nervous system
    operating system
    disk operating system
    solar system
    ( Esp) through-ticketing
    * * *

     

    sistema sustantivo masculino
    1 ( método) system;
    ◊ trabajar con sistema to work systematically o methodically

    2 ( conjunto organizado) system;

    sistema solar solar system;
    Ssistema Monetario Europeo European Monetary System
    3 (Inf) system;
    ◊ entrar en el/salir del sistema to log on/off

    sistema sustantivo masculino
    1 system
    sistema circulatorio, circulatory system
    sistema operativo, operating system
    2 (modo) tenemos que buscar un sistema para hacerlo, we have to find a way to do it
    ♦ Locuciones: por sistema, as a rule
    ' sistema' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    bicameral
    - decimal
    - dicotomía
    - educativa
    - educativo
    - enseñanza
    - inconveniente
    - instrumentación
    - inutilizar
    - LOGSE
    - métrica
    - métrico
    - monetaria
    - monetario
    - obsoleta
    - obsoleto
    - perfección
    - poner
    - refrigeración
    - salir
    - simulador
    - simuladora
    - SME
    - SMI
    - solar
    - subsistir
    - sufragio
    - tributación
    - tributaria
    - tributario
    - vía
    - vídeo
    - afianzar
    - afiliarse
    - alfabetizar
    - aparato
    - aplicar
    - cómodo
    - complicado
    - defecto
    - desbaratar
    - ejido
    - escritura
    - falla
    - fórmula
    - funcionamiento
    - impositivo
    - inadecuado
    - ineficaz
    - ingeniar
    English:
    advanced
    - Amtrak
    - antilock braking system
    - backup
    - change over
    - decimal system
    - develop
    - development
    - diagram
    - DOS
    - efficient
    - electronic
    - establishment
    - European Monetary System
    - flagship
    - glitch
    - GPA
    - imperial mile
    - instal
    - install
    - institute
    - log in
    - log off
    - log on
    - log out
    - machinery
    - metric
    - MIS
    - nervous system
    - operating system
    - operational
    - PA
    - piecemeal
    - plumbing
    - pony express
    - process
    - respiratory system
    - retrieval
    - sanitary
    - service
    - set-up
    - sewerage
    - system
    - tax system
    - unsystematic
    - unsystematically
    - comprehensive
    - day
    - decimalization
    - down
    * * *
    ♦ nm
    1. [conjunto ordenado] system
    sistema de apertura retardada time lock;
    sistema de apoyo support system;
    el sistema bancario the banking system;
    Astron sistema binario [de estrellas] binary system;
    sistema cegesimal [de unidades] CGS system;
    el Sistema Central = Spanish central mountain range;
    sistema de coordenadas coordinate system;
    sistema decimal decimal system;
    TV sistema dual bilingual broadcasting;
    sistema fiscal tax system;
    el Sistema Ibérico the Iberian chain;
    sistema impositivo tax system;
    sistema métrico (decimal) metric (decimal) system;
    Sistema Monetario Europeo European Monetary System;
    sistema montañoso mountain chain o range;
    sistema periódico (de los elementos) periodic table (of elements);
    sistema planetario planetary system;
    sistema político political system;
    sistema de referencia frame of reference;
    sistema de seguridad security system;
    sistema solar solar system;
    sistema de transportes transport system;
    sistema tributario tax system
    2. Anat system
    sistema cardiovascular cardiovascular system;
    sistema circulatorio circulatory system;
    sistema endocrino endocrine system;
    sistema inmunológico immune system;
    sistema linfático lymphatic system;
    sistema nervioso nervous system;
    sistema nervioso central central nervous system
    3. [método, orden] method;
    trabajar con sistema to work methodically
    4. Informát system
    sistema de alimentación ininterrumpida uninterruptible power supply;
    sistema de almacenamiento storage system;
    sistema de archivos jerárquicos hierarchical file system;
    sistema de autor authoring system;
    sistema binario binary system;
    sistema experto expert system;
    sistema de gestión de bases de datos database management system;
    sistema hexadecimal hexadecimal system, base 16;
    sistema multiprocesador multiprocessor system;
    sistema multiusuario multi-user system;
    sistema de nombres de dominio domain name system;
    sistema operativo operating system
    5. Ling system
    ♦ por sistema loc adv
    systematically;
    me lleva la contraria por sistema he always argues with everything I say
    SISTEMA EDUCATIVO
    The Spanish education system starts with free nursery school from 3 to 6. This is followed by primary school from 6 to 12, and compulsory secondary education from 12 to 16, successful completion of which entitles pupils to a “secondary school diploma”. There is then a choice of a general course of study (“bachillerato”) or a technical one, both of two years. The bachillerato allows access to university courses, which can lead to a diploma or degree. In Latin America, there is great variation in educational provision from country to country. The end of compulsory education ranges from age 11 in Honduras to 16 in Peru, though in most countries it is between 13 and 15. Actual enrolment in primary school is high, even in the poorer countries, but about a third of secondary-school-age Latin American children are not actually enrolled. In a poor country such as Guatemala this rises to two-thirds, compared with the high level of secondary enrolment in Argentina, Chile or Cuba.
    * * *
    m system
    * * *
    : system
    * * *
    sistema n system

    Spanish-English dictionary > sistema

  • 115 sociedad

    f.
    1 society.
    las hormigas viven en sociedad ants are social creatures
    entrar o presentarse en sociedad to come out, to make one's debut
    alta sociedad high society
    notas de sociedad society column
    la sociedad civil civilian society
    sociedad de consumo consumer society
    la sociedad de la información the information society
    la sociedad del ocio the leisure society
    sociedad de cartera portfolio company
    sociedad colectiva general partnership
    sociedad comanditaria o en comandita general and limited partnership
    sociedad industrial industrial society
    sociedad mercantil trading company
    * * *
    1 (gen) society
    2 COMERCIO company
    3 (asociación) society, association
    \
    presentarse en sociedad to make one's debut
    sociedad anónima limited company, US incorporated company
    sociedad comanditaria limited partnership, US silent partnership
    sociedad de consumo consumer society
    Sociedad de Jesús Society of Jesus
    sociedad en comandita limited partnership, US silent partnership
    sociedad limitada private limited company, US limited corporation
    sociedad mercantil company, trading company
    sociedad protectora de animales society for the prevention of cruelty to animals
    * * *
    noun f.
    •
    * * *
    SF
    1) (Sociol) society
    2) (=asociación) [gen] society, association; [oficial] body

    sociedad de socorros mutuos — friendly society, provident society

    3) (Com, Econ) (=empresa) [gen] company; [de socios] partnership

    sociedad anónima — limited liability company, corporation (EEUU)

    Sociedad Anónima — [en nombres de empresa] Limited, Incorporated (EEUU)

    sociedad conjunta — (Com) joint venture

    sociedad de beneficencia — friendly society, benefit association (EEUU)

    sociedad instrumental, sociedad limitada — limited company, private limited company, corporation (EEUU)

    4)

    alta o buena sociedad — high society

    entrar en sociedad, presentarse en (la) sociedad — to come out, make one's debut

    notas de sociedad — gossip column, society news column

    5)
    * * *
    1) (Sociol) society
    2) (asociación, club) society
    3) (Der, Fin) company
    4) ( clase alta) (high) society
    * * *
    = membership, society, social fabric.
    Ex. The sharing of expertise through membership of a club of existing users can be valuable.
    Ex. Although the distinction between ' societies' and 'institutions' lies at the heart of the code.
    Ex. Information services should also be interwoven with the social fabric and firmly rooted in a commuity in order to be acceptable.
    ----
    * constituir como sociedad = incorporate.
    * crónica de sociedad = gossip column.
    * cronista de sociedad = gossip columnist.
    * Cumbre Mundial sobre la Sociedad de la Información = World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS).
    * de servicio a la sociedad = public-spirited.
    * editor de sociedad cultural = learned society publisher.
    * flor y nata de la sociedad, la = cream of society, the.
    * integrarse en la sociedad = integrate into + society.
    * la escoria de la sociedad = the gutter.
    * la sociedad en general = society at large.
    * margen de la sociedad = margin of society.
    * marginado de la sociedad = social outcast.
    * más granado de la sociedad, lo = cream of society, the.
    * parásito de la sociedad = parasite.
    * persona de la alta sociedad = socialite.
    * pilares de la sociedad, los = pillars of society, the.
    * prescrito por la sociedad = socially prescribed.
    * promovido por la sociedad = culture-led.
    * que afecta a toda la sociedad = culture-wide.
    * SCONUL (Sociedad de Bibliotecas Nacionales y Universitarias) = SCONUL (Society of College, National and University Libraries).
    * sociedad acomodada = affluent society.
    * sociedad adinerada = affluent society.
    * Sociedad Americana de Compositores, Autores y Editores = American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP).
    * Sociedad Australiana de Archiveros = Australian Society of Archivists (ASA).
    * sociedad avanzada = advanced society.
    * sociedad basada en el conocimiento = knowledge based society.
    * Sociedad Bibliográfica de America = Bibliographical Society of America.
    * sociedad burocratizada = bureaucratised society.
    * sociedad capitalista = capitalist society.
    * sociedad científica = scientific society, scholarly academy, scholarly society.
    * sociedad científico-cultural = learned society.
    * sociedad civil = civil society.
    * sociedad civilizada = civilised society.
    * sociedad consumista = consumerist society, consumer society, consumer society.
    * sociedad cultural = learned society.
    * Sociedad de Archiveros Americanos = Society of American Archivists.
    * Sociedad de Archiveros Holandeses = Society of Dutch Archivists.
    * sociedad de beneficiencia = friendly society, provident society, mutual benefit society.
    * sociedad de consumo = consumer society, affluent society.
    * sociedad de gestión de derechos de autor = copyright collective, copyright collecting society, copyright collecting agency.
    * sociedad de inversiones = investment trust.
    * sociedad de inversión mobiliaria = investment trust.
    * sociedad de la información, la = information society, the.
    * sociedad del conocimiento = knowledge society.
    * sociedad de lectores = book club.
    * sociedad del ocio = leisure society, leisured society.
    * sociedad del papel = paper society.
    * sociedad de seguros mutuos = provident society, mutual benefit society.
    * sociedad de socorros mutuos = friendly society, provident society, mutual benefit society.
    * sociedad de tradición escrita = literate society.
    * sociedad editorial = publishing corporation.
    * sociedad histórica = historical society.
    * Sociedad Ilimitada = Unlimited.
    * sociedad inclusiva = inclusive society.
    * sociedad industrial = industrial society.
    * sociedad industrializada = industrialised society.
    * sociedad informada = learning society.
    * sociedad integradora = inclusive society.
    * sociedad intelectual = learned society.
    * sociedad laica = secular society.
    * sociedad materialista = materialistic society.
    * sociedad medieval = mediaeval society.
    * sociedad mercantilista = mercantile society.
    * sociedad moderna = modern society.
    * Sociedad para el Conocimiento Global = Global Knowledge Partnership.
    * sociedad pluralista = pluralistic society.
    * sociedad postindustrial = post-industrial society.
    * sociedad preindustrial = pre-industrial society.
    * sociedad privada = private society.
    * sociedad protectora de animales = RSPCA (Royal Society for the Protection of Cruelty to Animals), animal protection society.
    * sociedad religiosa = religious society.
    * sociedad secreta = secret society, secret brotherhood.
    * sociedad sin libros = bookless society.
    * sociedad sin papel, la = paperless society, the.
    * sociedad tecnológica = technological society.
    * sociedad trabajadora = working society.
    * toda la sociedad = society at large.
    * * *
    1) (Sociol) society
    2) (asociación, club) society
    3) (Der, Fin) company
    4) ( clase alta) (high) society
    * * *
    = membership, society, social fabric.

    Ex: The sharing of expertise through membership of a club of existing users can be valuable.

    Ex: Although the distinction between ' societies' and 'institutions' lies at the heart of the code.
    Ex: Information services should also be interwoven with the social fabric and firmly rooted in a commuity in order to be acceptable.
    * constituir como sociedad = incorporate.
    * crónica de sociedad = gossip column.
    * cronista de sociedad = gossip columnist.
    * Cumbre Mundial sobre la Sociedad de la Información = World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS).
    * de servicio a la sociedad = public-spirited.
    * editor de sociedad cultural = learned society publisher.
    * flor y nata de la sociedad, la = cream of society, the.
    * integrarse en la sociedad = integrate into + society.
    * la escoria de la sociedad = the gutter.
    * la sociedad en general = society at large.
    * margen de la sociedad = margin of society.
    * marginado de la sociedad = social outcast.
    * más granado de la sociedad, lo = cream of society, the.
    * parásito de la sociedad = parasite.
    * persona de la alta sociedad = socialite.
    * pilares de la sociedad, los = pillars of society, the.
    * prescrito por la sociedad = socially prescribed.
    * promovido por la sociedad = culture-led.
    * que afecta a toda la sociedad = culture-wide.
    * SCONUL (Sociedad de Bibliotecas Nacionales y Universitarias) = SCONUL (Society of College, National and University Libraries).
    * sociedad acomodada = affluent society.
    * sociedad adinerada = affluent society.
    * Sociedad Americana de Compositores, Autores y Editores = American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP).
    * Sociedad Australiana de Archiveros = Australian Society of Archivists (ASA).
    * sociedad avanzada = advanced society.
    * sociedad basada en el conocimiento = knowledge based society.
    * Sociedad Bibliográfica de America = Bibliographical Society of America.
    * sociedad burocratizada = bureaucratised society.
    * sociedad capitalista = capitalist society.
    * sociedad científica = scientific society, scholarly academy, scholarly society.
    * sociedad científico-cultural = learned society.
    * sociedad civil = civil society.
    * sociedad civilizada = civilised society.
    * sociedad consumista = consumerist society, consumer society, consumer society.
    * sociedad cultural = learned society.
    * Sociedad de Archiveros Americanos = Society of American Archivists.
    * Sociedad de Archiveros Holandeses = Society of Dutch Archivists.
    * sociedad de beneficiencia = friendly society, provident society, mutual benefit society.
    * sociedad de consumo = consumer society, affluent society.
    * sociedad de gestión de derechos de autor = copyright collective, copyright collecting society, copyright collecting agency.
    * sociedad de inversiones = investment trust.
    * sociedad de inversión mobiliaria = investment trust.
    * sociedad de la información, la = information society, the.
    * sociedad del conocimiento = knowledge society.
    * sociedad de lectores = book club.
    * sociedad del ocio = leisure society, leisured society.
    * sociedad del papel = paper society.
    * sociedad de seguros mutuos = provident society, mutual benefit society.
    * sociedad de socorros mutuos = friendly society, provident society, mutual benefit society.
    * sociedad de tradición escrita = literate society.
    * sociedad editorial = publishing corporation.
    * sociedad histórica = historical society.
    * Sociedad Ilimitada = Unlimited.
    * sociedad inclusiva = inclusive society.
    * sociedad industrial = industrial society.
    * sociedad industrializada = industrialised society.
    * sociedad informada = learning society.
    * sociedad integradora = inclusive society.
    * sociedad intelectual = learned society.
    * sociedad laica = secular society.
    * sociedad materialista = materialistic society.
    * sociedad medieval = mediaeval society.
    * sociedad mercantilista = mercantile society.
    * sociedad moderna = modern society.
    * Sociedad para el Conocimiento Global = Global Knowledge Partnership.
    * sociedad pluralista = pluralistic society.
    * sociedad postindustrial = post-industrial society.
    * sociedad preindustrial = pre-industrial society.
    * sociedad privada = private society.
    * sociedad protectora de animales = RSPCA (Royal Society for the Protection of Cruelty to Animals), animal protection society.
    * sociedad religiosa = religious society.
    * sociedad secreta = secret society, secret brotherhood.
    * sociedad sin libros = bookless society.
    * sociedad sin papel, la = paperless society, the.
    * sociedad tecnológica = technological society.
    * sociedad trabajadora = working society.
    * toda la sociedad = society at large.

    * * *
    A ( Sociol) society
    sociedad pluralista/democrática pluralistic/democratic society
    el papel que cabe a la mujer en la sociedad the role of women in society
    Compuestos:
    consumer society
    provident society
    B (asociación, club) society
    una sociedad secreta a secret society
    sociedad deportiva sports club
    Compuestos:
    Society of Jesus
    ( Hist) League of Nations
    benefit society ( AmE), friendly society ( BrE)
    Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
    C ( Der, Fin) company
    formar una sociedad to set up o form a company
    Compuestos:
    ≈ public corporation ( in US), ≈ public limited company ( in UK)
    ● sociedad comanditaria or en comandita
    limited partnership
    listed company, quoted company
    holding company
    ≈ savings and loan institution ( in US), ≈ building society ( in UK)
    joint ownership upon marriage
    management company
    investment company
    ≈ limited corporation ( in US), ≈ (private) limited company ( in UK)
    securities firm
    state corporation
    finance company o house
    ( Esp) (que promueve) developer, development company; (que construye) construction company; (que administra) real estate ( AmE) o ( BrE) property management company
    parent company
    trading company
    joint venture
    sole proprietor, sole trader ( BrE)
    D (clase alta) society, high society
    * * *

     

    sociedad sustantivo femenino
    1 (Sociol) society;

    2 (asociación, club) society
    3 (Der, Fin) company;
    ◊ sociedad anónima ≈ public corporation ( in US), ≈ public limited company ( in UK);

    sociedad de responsabilidad limitada limited corporation ( in US), (private) limited company ( in UK);
    sociedad inmobiliaria (Esp) ( que construye) construction company;

    ( que administra) real estate (AmE) o (BrE) property management company;

    4 ( clase alta) (high) society
    sociedad sustantivo femenino
    1 society
    sociedad industrial/medieval, industrial/medieval society
    2 Fin company
    sociedad anónima, public limited company
    sociedad cooperativa, co-operative
    sociedad limitada, limited company
    2 (asociación) society
    3 alta sociedad, (high) society
    ♦ Locuciones: presentarse en sociedad, to have one's coming out
    sociedad civil, civil society
    sociedad de consumo, consumer society
    ' sociedad' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    agruparse
    - alta
    - alto
    - anónima
    - anónimo
    - apreciarse
    - baile
    - clasista
    - consumo
    - eco
    - estratificación
    - gratuidad
    - limitada
    - limitado
    - marginar
    - protector
    - protectora
    - reintegrar
    - S.A.
    - S.L.
    - academia
    - agrario
    - capa
    - concientizar
    - construir
    - corromper
    - corrompido
    - crónica
    - desmoronarse
    - ejido
    - elitista
    - engranaje
    - escoria
    - espejo
    - estamento
    - evolución
    - evolucionado
    - evolucionar
    - jai
    - justo
    - modernizar
    - ojo
    - posición
    - regir
    - retrasado
    - secretario
    - situación
    English:
    affluent
    - association
    - cliquey
    - club
    - consumer society
    - corp.
    - corporation
    - dissolve
    - drop out
    - dropout
    - fabric
    - golf club
    - HMO
    - incorporated
    - limited
    - Ltd
    - member
    - monogamous
    - partnership
    - PLC
    - progress
    - Rotary Club
    - scum
    - section
    - socialite
    - society
    - whole
    - building
    - consumer
    - cream
    - dregs
    - element
    - finishing
    - fringe
    - gossip
    - high
    - incorporate
    - joint
    - parent
    - reintegrate
    - savings
    - stock
    * * *
    1. [de seres vivos] society;
    las hormigas viven en sociedad ants are social creatures
    la sociedad civil civil society;
    sociedad de consumo consumer society;
    sociedad de la información information society;
    la sociedad del ocio the leisure society;
    sociedad plural plural society;
    sociedad postindustrial post-industrial society
    2. [mundo elegante] society;
    entrar o [m5] presentarse en sociedad to come out, to make one's debut;
    alta sociedad high society;
    notas de sociedad society column
    3. [asociación] society
    sociedad deportiva sports club;
    sociedad gastronómica dining club, gourmet club;
    la Sociedad de Jesús the Society of Jesus;
    sociedad literaria literary society;
    sociedad médica private health care company;
    Hist la Sociedad de Naciones the League of Nations;
    la Sociedad Protectora de Animales Br ≈ the RSPCA, US ≈ the SPCA
    4. Com & Fin [empresa] company
    sociedad anónima Br public (limited) company, US incorporated company;
    sociedad de cartera holding (company);
    sociedad colectiva general partnership;
    sociedad comanditaria o en comandita general and limited partnership;
    sociedad cooperativa cooperative;
    sociedad industrial industrial society;
    sociedad de inversión investment company;
    sociedad de inversión de capital variable ICVC, investment company with variable capital;
    sociedad limitada private limited company;
    sociedad mercantil trading corporation;
    sociedad mixta joint venture;
    sociedad de responsabilidad limitada private limited company
    * * *
    f society;
    alta sociedad high society;
    presentar en sociedad present in society
    * * *
    1) : society
    2) : company, enterprise
    3)
    sociedad anónima : incorporated company
    * * *
    1. (en general) society [pl. societies]
    2. (empresa) company [pl. companies]

    Spanish-English dictionary > sociedad

  • 116 supresión

    f.
    1 suppression, deletion, elimination, expunction.
    2 withdrawal.
    * * *
    1 (de libertad etc) suppression; (de ley, impuesto) abolition; (de dificultades) elimination; (de restricciones) lifting
    2 (de palabra) deletion
    3 (omisión) omission
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=acción) [de rebelión, crítica] suppression; [de costumbre, derecho, institución] abolition; [de dificultad, obstáculo] removal, elimination; [de restricción] lifting; [de detalle, pasaje] deletion
    2) (=prohibición) banning
    * * *
    a) ( de impuesto) abolition; ( de restricción) lifting; ( de servicio) withdrawal
    b) (de párrafo, capítulo) deletion
    c) (de noticias, detalles) suppression
    * * *
    = clearance, deletion, masking, suppression, emasculation, eradication, axing, overturning, discontinuance, discontinuation.
    Ex. Most of the larger cities have set up wholesale slum clearance programmes and rehousing in council housing and high-rise flats.
    Ex. The query number Q0001 is needed for deletion at a later date.
    Ex. Truncation can be achieved by right-hand truncation, left-hand truncation, or masking of letters in the middle of a word.
    Ex. The practice of modifying the citation order prescribed by chain procedure can be extended beyond the suppression of time and form concepts.
    Ex. During the Second World War scientific periodicals were severely censored in many countries almost to the point of total emasculation.
    Ex. The background papers on education prepared for the conference did not include the role of libraries in the eradication of illiterary.
    Ex. This article reports briefly on the axing of the Wilson Library Bulletin.
    Ex. This fight has caused the overturning of the tradition ofprivate ownership of presidential records.
    Ex. If these students do not withdraw before the start of classes, they will be billed for tuition up to the official date of discontinuance.
    Ex. Many high selling products eventually see a drop in sales and eventual discontinuation, usually after being superseded by a superior product.
    * * *
    a) ( de impuesto) abolition; ( de restricción) lifting; ( de servicio) withdrawal
    b) (de párrafo, capítulo) deletion
    c) (de noticias, detalles) suppression
    * * *
    = clearance, deletion, masking, suppression, emasculation, eradication, axing, overturning, discontinuance, discontinuation.

    Ex: Most of the larger cities have set up wholesale slum clearance programmes and rehousing in council housing and high-rise flats.

    Ex: The query number Q0001 is needed for deletion at a later date.
    Ex: Truncation can be achieved by right-hand truncation, left-hand truncation, or masking of letters in the middle of a word.
    Ex: The practice of modifying the citation order prescribed by chain procedure can be extended beyond the suppression of time and form concepts.
    Ex: During the Second World War scientific periodicals were severely censored in many countries almost to the point of total emasculation.
    Ex: The background papers on education prepared for the conference did not include the role of libraries in the eradication of illiterary.
    Ex: This article reports briefly on the axing of the Wilson Library Bulletin.
    Ex: This fight has caused the overturning of the tradition ofprivate ownership of presidential records.
    Ex: If these students do not withdraw before the start of classes, they will be billed for tuition up to the official date of discontinuance.
    Ex: Many high selling products eventually see a drop in sales and eventual discontinuation, usually after being superseded by a superior product.

    * * *
    A
    2 (de un párrafo, capítulo) deletion
    3 (de noticias, detalles) suppression
    B ( Elec) suppression
    * * *

    supresión sustantivo femenino supression
    (de una ley, un impuesto, etc) abolition
    (de un servicio) withdrawal
    (en un texto) deletion
    ' supresión' also found in these entries:
    English:
    deletion
    - suppression
    * * *
    1. [de ley, impuesto, derecho] abolition;
    [de sanciones, restricciones] lifting
    2. [de palabras, texto] deletion
    3. [de puestos de trabajo, proyectos] axing
    * * *
    f de rebelión suppression; de impuesto, ley abolition; de restricción lifting; de servicio withdrawal; en texto deletion
    * * *
    supresión nf, pl - siones
    1) : suppression, elimination
    2) : deletion

    Spanish-English dictionary > supresión

  • 117 tasa de citación

    Ex. Using the data presented by Lea Velho on the citation rates in and on Brazilian agricultural periodical articles, it is suggested that a given paper is cited by the non-Brazilian scientific literature at the same rate as a paper written anywhere else in the world would be.
    * * *

    Ex: Using the data presented by Lea Velho on the citation rates in and on Brazilian agricultural periodical articles, it is suggested that a given paper is cited by the non-Brazilian scientific literature at the same rate as a paper written anywhere else in the world would be.

    Spanish-English dictionary > tasa de citación

  • 118 Appleton, Sir Edward Victor

    [br]
    b. 6 September 1892 Bradford, England
    d. 21 April 1965 Edinburgh, Scotland
    [br]
    English physicist awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for his discovery of the ionospheric layer, named after him, which is an efficient reflector of short radio waves, thereby making possible long-distance radio communication.
    [br]
    After early ambitions to become a professional cricketer, Appleton went to St John's College, Cambridge, where he studied under J.J.Thompson and Ernest Rutherford. His academic career interrupted by the First World War, he served as a captain in the Royal Engineers, carrying out investigations into the propagation and fading of radio signals. After the war he joined the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, as a demonstrator in 1920, and in 1924 he moved to King's College, London, as Wheatstone Professor of Physics.
    In the following decade he contributed to developments in valve oscillators (in particular, the "squegging" oscillator, which formed the basis of the first hard-valve time-base) and gained international recognition for research into electromagnetic-wave propagation. His most important contribution was to confirm the existence of a conducting ionospheric layer in the upper atmosphere capable of reflecting radio waves, which had been predicted almost simultaneously by Heaviside and Kennelly in 1902. This he did by persuading the BBC in 1924 to vary the frequency of their Bournemouth transmitter, and he then measured the signal received at Cambridge. By comparing the direct and reflected rays and the daily variation he was able to deduce that the Kennelly- Heaviside (the so-called E-layer) was at a height of about 60 miles (97 km) above the earth and that there was a further layer (the Appleton or F-layer) at about 150 miles (240 km), the latter being an efficient reflector of the shorter radio waves that penetrated the lower layers. During the period 1927–32 and aided by Hartree, he established a magneto-ionic theory to explain the existence of the ionosphere. He was instrumental in obtaining agreement for international co-operation for ionospheric and other measurements in the form of the Second Polar Year (1932–3) and, much later, the International Geophysical Year (1957–8). For all this work, which made it possible to forecast the optimum frequencies for long-distance short-wave communication as a function of the location of transmitter and receiver and of the time of day and year, in 1947 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics.
    He returned to Cambridge as Jacksonian Professor of Natural Philosophy in 1939, and with M.F. Barnett he investigated the possible use of radio waves for radio-location of aircraft. In 1939 he became Secretary of the Government Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, a post he held for ten years. During the Second World War he contributed to the development of both radar and the atomic bomb, and subsequently served on government committees concerned with the use of atomic energy (which led to the establishment of Harwell) and with scientific staff.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted (KCB 1941, GBE 1946). Nobel Prize for Physics 1947. FRS 1927. Vice- President, American Institute of Electrical Engineers 1932. Royal Society Hughes Medal 1933. Institute of Electrical Engineers Faraday Medal 1946. Vice-Chancellor, Edinburgh University 1947. Institution of Civil Engineers Ewing Medal 1949. Royal Medallist 1950. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Medal of Honour 1962. President, British Association 1953. President, Radio Industry Council 1955–7. Légion d'honneur. LLD University of St Andrews 1947.
    Bibliography
    1925, joint paper with Barnett, Nature 115:333 (reports Appleton's studies of the ionosphere).
    1928, "Some notes of wireless methods of investigating the electrical structure of the upper atmosphere", Proceedings of the Physical Society 41(Part III):43. 1932, Thermionic Vacuum Tubes and Their Applications (his work on valves).
    1947, "The investigation and forecasting of ionospheric conditions", Journal of the
    Institution of Electrical Engineers 94, Part IIIA: 186 (a review of British work on the exploration of the ionosphere).
    with J.F.Herd \& R.A.Watson-Watt, British patent no. 235,254 (squegging oscillator).
    Further Reading
    Who Was Who, 1961–70 1972, VI, London: A. \& C.Black (for fuller details of honours). R.Clark, 1971, Sir Edward Appleton, Pergamon (biography).
    J.Jewkes, D.Sawers \& R.Stillerman, 1958, The Sources of Invention.
    KF

    Biographical history of technology > Appleton, Sir Edward Victor

  • 119 Tizard, Sir Henry Thoms

    SUBJECT AREA: Weapons and armour
    [br]
    b. 23 August 1885 Gillingham, Kent, England
    d. 9 October 1959 Fareham, Hampshire, England
    [br]
    English scientist and administrator who made many contributions to military technology.
    [br]
    Educated at Westminster College, in 1904 Tizard went to Magdalen College, Oxford, gaining Firsts in mathematics and chemistry. After a period of time in Berlin with Nernst, he joined the Royal Institution in 1909 to study the colour changes of indicators. From 1911 until 1914 he was a tutorial Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, but with the outbreak of the First World War he joined first the Royal Garrison Artillery, then, in 1915, the newly formed Royal Flying Corps, to work on the development of bomb-sights. Successively in charge of testing aircraft, a lieutenant-colonel in the Ministry of Munitions and Assistant Controller of Research and Experiments for the Royal Air Force, he returned to Oxford in 1919 and the following year became Reader in Chemical Thermodynamics; at this stage he developed the use of toluene as an air-craft-fuel additive.
    In 1922 he was appointed an assistant secretary at the government Department of Industrial and Scientific Research, becoming Principal Assistant Secretary in 1922 and its Permanent Director in 1927; during this time he was also a member of the Aeronautical Research Committee, being Chairman of the latter in 1933–43. From 1929 to 1942 he was Rector of Imperial College. In 1932 he was also appointed Chairman of a committee set up to investigate possible national air-defence systems, and it was largely due to his efforts that the radar proposals of Watson-Watt were taken up and an effective system made operational before the outbreak of the Second World War. He was also involved in various other government activities aimed at applying technology to the war effort, including the dam-buster and atomic bombs.
    President of Magdalen College in 1942–7, he then returned again to Whitehall, serving as Chairman of the Advisory Council on Scientific Policy and of the Defence Research Policy Committee. Finally, in 1952, he became Pro-Chan-cellor of Southampton University.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Air Force Cross 1918. CB 1927. KCB 1937. GCB 1949. American Medal of Merit 1947. FRS 1926. Ten British and Commonwealth University honorary doctorates. Hon. Fellowship of the Royal Aeronautical Society. Royal Society of Arts Gold Medal. Franklin Institute Gold Medal. President, British Association 1948. Trustee of the British Museum 1937–59.
    Bibliography
    1911, The sensitiveness of indicators', British Association Report (describes Tizard's work on colour changes in indicators).
    Further Reading
    KF

    Biographical history of technology > Tizard, Sir Henry Thoms

  • 120 Watson-Watt, Sir Robert Alexander

    [br]
    b. 13 April 1892 Brechin, Angus, Scotland
    d. 6 December 1973 Inverness, Scotland
    [br]
    Scottish engineer and scientific adviser known for his work on radar.
    [br]
    Following education at Brechin High School, Watson-Watt entered University College, Dundee (then a part of the University of St Andrews), obtaining a BSc in engineering in 1912. From 1912 until 1921 he was Assistant to the Professor of Natural Philosophy at St Andrews, but during the First World War he also held various posts in the Meteorological Office. During. this time, in 1916 he proposed the use of cathode ray oscillographs for radio-direction-finding displays. He joined the newly formed Radio Research Station at Slough when it was opened in 1924, and 3 years later, when it amalgamated with the Radio Section of the National Physical Laboratory, he became Superintendent at Slough. At this time he proposed the name "ionosphere" for the ionized layer in the upper atmosphere. With E.V. Appleton and J.F.Herd he developed the "squegger" hard-valve transformer-coupled timebase and with the latter devised a direction-finding radio-goniometer.
    In 1933 he was asked to investigate possible aircraft counter-measures. He soon showed that it was impossible to make the wished-for radio "death-ray", but had the idea of using the detection of reflected radio-waves as a means of monitoring the approach of enemy aircraft. With six assistants he developed this idea and constructed an experimental system of radar (RAdio Detection And Ranging) in which arrays of aerials were used to detect the reflected signals and deduce the bearing and height. To realize a practical system, in September 1936 he was appointed Director of the Bawdsey Research Station near Felixstowe and carried out operational studies of radar. The result was that within two years the East Coast of the British Isles was equipped with a network of radar transmitters and receivers working in the 7–14 metre band—the so-called "chain-home" system—which did so much to assist the efficient deployment of RAF Fighter Command against German bombing raids on Britain in the early years of the Second World War.
    In 1938 he moved to the Air Ministry as Director of Communications Development, becoming Scientific Adviser to the Air Ministry and Ministry of Aircraft Production in 1940, then Deputy Chairman of the War Cabinet Radio Board in 1943. After the war he set up Sir Robert Watson-Watt \& Partners, an industrial consultant firm. He then spent some years in relative retirement in Canada, but returned to Scotland before his death.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1942. CBE 1941. FRS 1941. US Medal of Merit 1946. Royal Society Hughes Medal 1948. Franklin Institute Elliot Cresson Medal 1957. LLD St Andrews 1943. At various times: President, Royal Meteorological Society, Institute of Navigation and Institute of Professional Civil Servants; Vice-President, American Institute of Radio Engineers.
    Bibliography
    1923, with E.V.Appleton \& J.F.Herd, British patent no. 235,254 (for the "squegger"). 1926, with J.F.Herd, "An instantaneous direction reading radio goniometer", Journal of
    the Institution of Electrical Engineers 64:611.
    1933, The Cathode Ray Oscillograph in Radio Research.
    1935, Through the Weather Hours (autobiography).
    1936, "Polarisation errors in direction finders", Wireless Engineer 13:3. 1958, Three Steps to Victory.
    1959, The Pulse of Radar.
    1961, Man's Means to his End.
    Further Reading
    S.S.Swords, 1986, Technical History of the Beginnings of Radar, Stevenage: Peter Peregrinus.
    KF

    Biographical history of technology > Watson-Watt, Sir Robert Alexander

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