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81 error
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82 information
информация, сведения, данные• -
83 lead
вести глагол: имя существительное:опережение (advance, lead, outrunning)главная роль (lead, leader)ключ к решению чего-л. (lead)имя прилагательное: -
84 unit
1) ( организационная) единица, подразделение2) блок; узел; комплект4) агрегат; установка; элемент ( конструкции); секция5) удельный, индивидуальный, единичный•- unit of force - unit of heat - unit of illumination - unit of measure - unit of performance - unit of product - unit of string - unit of structure - unit of volume - activated carbon unit - activated sludge unit - active residential solar heating unit - administrative unit - aerator-clarifier unit - air-conditioning unit - air-cooling unit - air-filtration unit - air-mixing unit - block unit - British thermal unit - building unit - caloric unit - chemical dosing unit - chlorine feeding unit - cladding unit - compressor unit - concrete box units - concrete masonry unit - concrete mix-spraying unit - concreting unit - control unit - cost unit - decoding unit - dimensioning and cutting-to-length unit - double-glass unit - dwelling unit - electric welding unit - feeding unit - filler spraying unit - filter unit - fire-control unit - floor unit - friction unit - gang-moulding unit - gas welding unit - glass unit - green unit - heat unit - heat and pumping unit - hollow unit - housing unit - housing residential unit - insulating glass unit - Jackson turbidity unit - load-applying unit - load-carrying unit - loading unit - lock unit - lubricating and filling unit - lubricating pump unit - masonry unit - memory unit - milling unit - mixing unit - mobile unit - moulding unit - multiservice unit - nephelometric turbidity unit - painting unit - paint spraying unit - pile driving unit - plastering unit - plumbing unit - power unit - power-supply unit - process unit - prototype unit - pumping unit - putty-spraying unit - reinforcing bar heating unit - remote control unit - residential unit - resistance unit - roof extract unit - rope-scraper unit - rustic unit - sample unit - sampling unit - self-contained air-conditioning unit - self-contained prestressed unit - sewage treatment unit - sodium-cation exchange unit - solids-contact unit - spare unit - structural unit - supply unit - terminal unit - test unit - thermal unit - thin-shell precast units - tie-laying unit - tracer unit - training unit - tuning unit - turbidity unit - urban unit - vacuum unit - vibratory table unit - vibropressing unit - wallpaper trimming unit - waste-disposal unit - welding unit* * *1. единица || единичный; удельный2. единичный вектор3. агрегат, установка4. сборочная единица; узел; блок; элемент ( конструкции); комплект; секция ( подводного тоннеля)- unit of area
- unit of length
- accommodation unit
- activated sludge unit
- aerated concrete floor unit
- aerator-clarifier unit
- air conditioning unit
- air cooling unit
- air curtain unit
- air handling unit
- air mixing unit
- air-operated grease unit
- air supply unit
- air-to-air heat recovery unit
- aluminum deck unit
- audible alarm unit
- basement dwelling unit
- boiler unit
- bridge unit
- British thermal unit
- building unit
- cladding unit
- compound units
- compressor unit
- concrete building unit
- concrete core unit
- concrete injection unit
- condensing unit
- cooling unit
- cooling and heating unit
- crawler power unit
- decentralized air heating unit
- disposal unit
- diversion unit
- door unit
- door and frame packaged unit
- drainage fixture unit
- drying unit
- dwelling unit
- factory precast unit
- fan unit
- fan-assisted warm air unit
- fan coil unit
- filter unit
- fixture unit
- floor building unit
- floor unit
- folding bed unit
- four-wheeled power unit
- free delivery-type air conditioning unit
- free delivery-type unit
- gas control unit
- girder-deck unit
- glass building unit
- glass unit
- heating unit
- heat reclaim unit
- high pressure terminal unit
- indirect fan-assisted warm air heating unit
- induction unit
- industrially produced modular unit
- insulating glass unit
- intensive cure unit
- interlocking concrete units
- inverted U-shaped concrete unit
- kitchen building block unit
- latch unit
- living unit
- low pressure induction unit
- masonry unit
- mass-produced structural units
- modular unit
- modular masonry unit
- molded concrete unit
- multicast gang unit
- multizone unit
- neighborhood unit
- nonconforming unit
- packaged unit
- parallel wire unit
- passenger car unit
- plumbing unit
- post-tension unit
- power unit
- precast unit
- precast prestressed concrete unit
- prefabricated unit
- prefab unit
- prefabricated bathroom unit
- pressurization unit
- pump unit
- refrigerating unit
- reheat unit
- reheat induction unit
- residential unit
- roof extract unit
- roof top unit
- room unit
- sealed condensing unit
- sealed double glazed unit
- secondary unit
- self-contained cooling unit
- single duct unit
- sink unit
- solid masonry unit
- solids-control unit
- stabilizing unit attached to loader
- standby unit
- steel plate unit
- straightening unit
- structural unit
- supply fixture unit
- terminal unit
- three-bedroomed dwelling unit
- three-bedroom dwelling unit
- tile trim units
- turbidity unit
- two-wheeled power unit
- unitized unit
- unitized bathroom and lavatory block unit
- unitized kitchen unit
- urban unit
- warm air heating unit
- waste-disposal unit
- water correction unit
- water meter unit
- WC-and-bathroom unit
- window unit
- window and frame packaged unit
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85 engineering
1) разработка; конструирование; инженериясм. тж. bioelectrical engineering, computer engineering, database engineering, engineered artifact, engineering constraints, engineering data, engineering process, engineering sample, forward engineering, genetic engineering, information engineering, knowledge engineering, nanoengineering, quality engineering, re-engineering, requirements engineering, reverse engineering, service engineering, social engineering, software engineering, system engineering2) техникасм. тж. technology3) прикладной, технический, инженерныйнапример, engineering calculations - инженерные (технические) расчётыАнгло-русский толковый словарь терминов и сокращений по ВТ, Интернету и программированию. > engineering
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86 average
1) средняя величина; среднее2) усреднение; осреднение3) усредненный, средний4) средний, обычный5) усреднять; осреднять6) составлять, в среднем равняться•to average out — усреднять; осреднять
to take average — вычислять среднее значение, усреднять
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87 block
1) блок || блочный2) блочный агрегат, сборка; узел; модуль3) заготовка; болванка4) матем. блок матрицы5) блок, группа || блокировать объединять в блоки- jo block6) блок, глыба8) ж.-д. автоблокировка; блокпост; блок-участок9) брусчатка || мостить брусчаткой10) колода, чурбан11) сухарь; колодка12) подставка; опора14) преграда, препятствие, барьер15) горн. целик16) горн. участок месторождения, подготовленный к выемке17) загромождать; блокировать; препятствовать18) забивать(ся), засорять(ся) -
88 function
1) функция, действие || функционировать; действовать- essential functions - routine function - safety-related functions2) функциональное назначение; роль- circuit function - intrinsic function - metering function - primary function - robot function - planning function - service function - support function4) функциональный узел ( машины)5) матем. функциональная зависимость, функция- absolutely additive function - absolutely bounded function - absolutely continuous function - absolutely integrable function - absolutely monotone function - absolutely summable function - absolutely symmetric function - almost complex function - almost continuous function - almost convex function - almost everywhere defined function - almost everywhere finite function - almost invariant function - almost periodic function - almost recursive function - almost separably-valued function - almost separating function - almost universal function - analytically independent function - analytically representable function - approximately differentiable function - asymptotically differentiable function - asymptotically finite function - asymptotically uniformly optimal function - bounded below function - cellwise continuous function - circumferentially mean p-valent function - comparison function - complementary error function - complete analytic function - completely additive function - completely computable function - completely monotone function - completely multiplicative function - completely productive function - completely subadditive function - completely symmetrical function - completely undefined function - complex hyperbolic function - conditional risk function - countably multiplicative function - countably valued function - covariant function - cumulative distribution function - cumulative frequency function - deficiency function - double limit function - doubly periodic function - doubly recursive function - effectively computable function - effectively constant function - effectively decidable function - effectively variable function - elementarily symmetric function - entire function of maximum type - entire function of mean type - entire function of potential type - entire function of zero type - entire rational function - essentially increasing function - essentially integrable function - essentially real function - essentially smooth function - everywhere differentiable function - everywhere smooth function - expansible function - explicitly definable function - exponentially convex function - exponentially decreasing function - exponentially increasing function - exponentially multiplicative function - exponentially vanishing function - finitely mean valent function - finitely measurable function - function of appropriate behavior - function of bounded characteristic - function of bounded type - function of bounded variation - function of complex variable - function of exponential type - function of finite genus - function of finite variation - function of fractional order - function of infinite type - function of integral order - function of maximal type - function of minimal type - function of mixed variables - function of normal type - function of number theory - function of one variable - function of rapid descent - function of rapid growth - function of real variable - general universal function - geometric carrier function - implicitly definable function - incomplete dibeta function - incomplete gamma function - incomplete tribeta function - incompletely defined function - inductively defined function - inductively integrable function - infinitely divisible function - infinitely many-valued function - integral logarithmic function - inverse trigonometric function - inverted beta function - iterative function - joint correlation function - joint density function - linearly separable function - locally bounded function - locally constant function - locally holomorphic function - locally homogeneous function - locally integrable function - locally negligible function - locally regular function - locally summable function - logarithmic generating function - logarithmic integral function - logarithmically infinite function - logarithmically plurisubharmonic function - logarithmically subharmonic function - lower semicontinuous function - monotone non-decreasing function - monotone non-increasing function - multiply periodic function - multiply recursive function - negative definite function - negative infinite function - nontangentially bounded function - normalized function - normed function - nowhere continuous function - nowhere differentiable function - nowhere monotonic function - n-times differentiable function - n-tuply periodic function - numeralwise expressible function - numeralwise representable function - numerical function - numerically valued function - oblate spheroidal function - operating characteristic function - optimal policy function - parametrically definable function - partially symmetric function - piecewise constant function - piecewise continuously differentiable function - piecewise linear function - piecewise monotonic function - piecewise polynomial function - piecewise quadratic function - piecewise regular function - piecewise smooth function - pointwise approximated function - positive homogeneous function - positive infinite function - positive monotone function - positive monotonic function - positive semidefinite function - potentially calculable function - potentially recursive function - power series function - probability generating function - quadratically summable function - rapidly damped function - rapidly decreasing function - rapidly oscillatory function - recursively continuous function - recursively convergent function - recursively defined function - recursively differentiable function - recursively divergent function - recursively extensible function - relative distribution function - relative frequency function - representing function - reproducing kernel function - residual function - residue function - scalarwise integrable function - scalarwise measurable function - sectionally smooth function - simply periodic function - singly recursive function - slowly increasing function - slowly oscillating function - slowly varying function - smoothly varying function - solid spherical harmonic function - solid zonal harmonic function - steadily increasing function - stopped random function - strictly convex function - strictly decreasing function - strictly increasing function - strictly integrable function - strictly monotone function - strongly differentiable function - strongly holomorphic function - strongly integrable function - strongly measurable function - strongly plurisubharmonic function - totally additive function - totally continuous function - totally measurable function - totally multiplicative function - totally positive function - triangular function - uniformly best decision function - uniformly bounded function - uniformly definable function - uniformly differentiable function - uniformly homotopic function - uniformly integrable function - uniformly limited function - uniformly measurable function - uniformly smooth function - unit step function - unitary divisor function - upper measurable function - upper semicontinuous function - weakly analytic function - weakly continuous function - weakly differentiable function - weakly holomorphic function - weakly measurable function - weakly singular function - weighted random functiondomain of a function — область определения функции, область изменения независимой переменной
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89 path
1) путь; трасса2) траектория3) канал; тракт4) дорожка ( магнитной ленты)5) вчт ветвь (программы)6) цепь ( в электрической схеме)7) путь доступа8) контур•- path of a projectile- ray path -
90 design
1. n часто умысел2. n рел. божье провидение, божественный промысл3. n цель, намерениеwith design — с намерением, с целью
by design — намеренно; преднамеренно, предумышленно
design objective — цели проектирования; проектные параметры
4. n замысел; план, проект5. n планирование6. n вчт. проектирование; конструирование7. n чертёж, эскиз; конструкция; проект; расчёт8. n рисунок, узорpoor design — плохо выполненный, бедный, бедного рисунка
9. n модель10. n композиция11. n искусство композиции12. n дизайн; внешний вид, исполнение13. n произведение искусства14. v замышлять; намереваться; планировать15. v предназначать16. v составлять план, схему; планировать, проектировать, конструировать17. v вынашивать замысел; задумать18. v чертить; вычерчивать схему19. v заниматься проектированием, проектировать; быть проектировщиком, конструктором20. v исполнять, выполнять21. v книжн. собираться поехатьСинонимический ряд:1. figure (noun) device; figure; motif; motive; pattern; style2. intent (noun) aim; animus; end; goal; intendment; intent; intention; notion; object; objective; point; purpose; reason; target; thought; view3. makeup (noun) architecture; composition; constitution; construction; formation; makeup4. meaning (noun) drift; meaning; purport5. outline (noun) depiction; draft; illustration; ornament; outline; painting; stamp6. plan (noun) arrangement; blueprint; game plan; idea; lay out; layout; map; plan; plot; project; proposal; proposition; schema; scheme; strategy7. contrive (verb) conceive; contrive; fashion; hatch; model; think8. mean (verb) aim; contemplate; intend; mean; project; propose; purpose9. plan (verb) arrange; blueprint; cast; chart; devise; draw; draw up; frame; lay out; map; map out; plan; project; set out10. sketch (verb) delineate; outline; sketchАнтонимический ряд:accident; accomplish; achieve; artlessness; candour; chance; change; conjecture; construction; execute; execution; fairness; fluke; fortuity; guess -
91 making
1. n создание, становлениеmaking room — создающий место; создание места
2. n производство, изготовление; процесс изготовления, фабрикация; переработка3. n количество изготовленного, произведённого4. n форма, сложение, строение5. n задатки, необходимые качестваto have the makings of a great man — иметь все данные, чтобы стать великим человеком
6. n разг. заработок7. n амер. разг. принадлежности для свёртывания сигарет8. n как компонент сложных словshoemaking — сапожное дело, ремесло сапожника
army was the making of him — в армии он стал человеком, армия сделала из него человека
how is he making out? — как он живёт?, как у него идут дела?
Синонимический ряд:1. creating (adj.) building; creating; fabricating; fashioning; forming; generating; manufacturing; producing; shaping2. fabrication (noun) composition; conception; devising; fabrication; fashioning; forging; formulation; producing; shaping3. clearing (verb) cleaning up; clearing; gaining; netting4. constituting (verb) composing; comprising; constituting; forming; make up; making up5. designating (verb) appointing; designating; fingering; naming; nominating; tapping6. drafting (verb) drafting; drawing up; formulating; framing7. earning (verb) acquiring; bringing in; draw down; drawing down; earning; knocking down; pull down; winning8. effecting (verb) bring about; bringing about; causing; drawing on; effecting; effectuating; engendering; inducing; lead to; occasioning; producing; result in; securing9. establishing (verb) enacting; establishing; legislating10. fathering (verb) creating; fathering; generating; hatching; originating; parenting; procreating; siring; spawning11. forcing (verb) coercing; compelling; constraining; forcing; obliging; pressuring; shotgunning12. heading (verb) bearing; heading; lighting out; set out; setting out; strike out; striking out; taking off13. inferring (verb) collecting; concluding; deducing; deducting; deriving; drawing; gathering; inferring; judging; making out14. passing (verb) covering; passing; traversing15. preparing (verb) fitting; fixing; getting; preparing; readying16. running (verb) extending; going; reaching; running; stretching17. shaping (verb) assembling; building; constructing; erecting; fabricating; fashioning; forging; manufacturing; molding; moulding; put together; putting together; shaping -
92 middle
1. n середина2. n талия3. n разг. живот4. n грам. средний или медиальный залогmiddle class — люди среднего достатка, средние слои общества
5. n подача мяча на середину поля6. n небольшой газетный очерк на литературную, социальную или этическую темуin the middle of nowhere — бог знает где;
7. a среднийmiddle position — среднее положение; положение посередине
8. a фон. медиальный, среднего подъёма9. a лог. средняя посылка10. v спец. поместить в середину11. v мор. складывать пополам12. v подать мяч на середину поляСинонимический ряд:1. center (adj.) average; center; centermost; central; centre; equidistant; halfway; intermediary; intermediate; intervening; mean; medial; median; mid; middlemost; middle-of-the-road; midmost; midway2. abdomen (noun) abdomen; stomach3. act (noun) act; course; process4. center (noun) center; centre; core; heart; midpoint; midst; nucleus5. mean (noun) mean; median; mediumАнтонимический ряд:beginning; edge; end; extreme; few; final; high; initial; large; low; many; small -
93 two-stage
1. двухкаскадный; двухстадийный2. двухступенчатый -
94 advanced production engineering
English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > advanced production engineering
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95 making
1. изготовление; производство2. процесс; операция3. монтаж; компоновка -
96 Empire, Portuguese overseas
(1415-1975)Portugal was the first Western European state to establish an early modern overseas empire beyond the Mediterranean and perhaps the last colonial power to decolonize. A vast subject of complexity that is full of myth as well as debatable theories, the history of the Portuguese overseas empire involves the story of more than one empire, the question of imperial motives, the nature of Portuguese rule, and the results and consequences of empire, including the impact on subject peoples as well as on the mother country and its society, Here, only the briefest account of a few such issues can be attempted.There were various empires or phases of empire after the capture of the Moroccan city of Ceuta in 1415. There were at least three Portuguese empires in history: the First empire (1415-1580), the Second empire (1580-1640 and 1640-1822), and the Third empire (1822-1975).With regard to the second empire, the so-called Phillipine period (1580-1640), when Portugal's empire was under Spanish domination, could almost be counted as a separate era. During that period, Portugal lost important parts of its Asian holdings to England and also sections of its colonies of Brazil, Angola, and West Africa to Holland's conquests. These various empires could be characterized by the geography of where Lisbon invested its greatest efforts and resources to develop territories and ward off enemies.The first empire (1415-1580) had two phases. First came the African coastal phase (1415-97), when the Portuguese sought a foothold in various Moroccan cities but then explored the African coast from Morocco to past the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa. While colonization and sugar farming were pursued in the Atlantic islands, as well as in the islands in the Gulf of Guinea like São Tomé and Príncipe, for the most part the Portuguese strategy was to avoid commitments to defending or peopling lands on the African continent. Rather, Lisbon sought a seaborne trade empire, in which the Portuguese could profit from exploiting trade and resources (such as gold) along the coasts and continue exploring southward to seek a sea route to Portuguese India. The second phase of the first empire (1498-1580) began with the discovery of the sea route to Asia, thanks to Vasco da Gama's first voyage in 1497-99, and the capture of strong points, ports, and trading posts in order to enforce a trade monopoly between Asia and Europe. This Asian phase produced the greatest revenues of empire Portugal had garnered, yet ended when Spain conquered Portugal and commanded her empire as of 1580.Portugal's second overseas empire began with Spanish domination and ran to 1822, when Brazil won her independence from Portugal. This phase was characterized largely by Brazilian dominance of imperial commitment, wealth in minerals and other raw materials from Brazil, and the loss of a significant portion of her African and Asian coastal empire to Holland and Great Britain. A sketch of Portugal's imperial losses either to native rebellions or to imperial rivals like Britain and Holland follows:• Morocco (North Africa) (sample only)Arzila—Taken in 1471; evacuated in 1550s; lost to Spain in 1580, which returned city to a sultan.Ceuta—Taken in 1415; lost to Spain in 1640 (loss confirmed in 1668 treaty with Spain).• Tangiers—Taken in 15th century; handed over to England in 1661 as part of Catherine of Braganza's dowry to King Charles II.• West Africa• Fort/Castle of São Jorge da Mina, Gold Coast (in what is now Ghana)—Taken in 1480s; lost to Holland in 1630s.• Middle EastSocotra-isle—Conquered in 1507; fort abandoned in 1511; used as water resupply stop for India fleet.Muscat—Conquered in 1501; lost to Persians in 1650.Ormuz—Taken, 1505-15 under Albuquerque; lost to England, which gave it to Persia in the 17th century.Aden (entry to Red Sea) — Unsuccessfully attacked by Portugal (1513-30); taken by Turks in 1538.• India• Ceylon (Sri Lanka)—Taken by 1516; lost to Dutch after 1600.• Bombay—Taken in 16th century; given to England in 1661 treaty as part of Catherine of Braganza's dowry for Charles II.• East Indies• Moluccas—Taken by 1520; possession confirmed in 1529 Saragossa treaty with Spain; lost to Dutch after 1600; only East Timor remaining.After the restoration of Portuguese independence from Spain in 1640, Portugal proceeded to revive and strengthen the Anglo- Portuguese Alliance, with international aid to fight off further Spanish threats to Portugal and drive the Dutch invaders out of Brazil and Angola. While Portugal lost its foothold in West Africa at Mina to the Dutch, dominion in Angola was consolidated. The most vital part of the imperial economy was a triangular trade: slaves from West Africa and from the coasts of Congo and Angola were shipped to plantations in Brazil; raw materials (sugar, tobacco, gold, diamonds, dyes) were sent to Lisbon; Lisbon shipped Brazil colonists and hardware. Part of Portugal's War of Restoration against Spain (1640-68) and its reclaiming of Brazil and Angola from Dutch intrusions was financed by the New Christians (Jews converted to Christianity after the 1496 Manueline order of expulsion of Jews) who lived in Portugal, Holland and other low countries, France, and Brazil. If the first empire was mainly an African coastal and Asian empire, the second empire was primarily a Brazilian empire.Portugal's third overseas empire began upon the traumatic independence of Brazil, the keystone of the Lusitanian enterprise, in 1822. The loss of Brazil greatly weakened Portugal both as a European power and as an imperial state, for the scattered remainder of largely coastal, poor, and uncolonized territories that stretched from the bulge of West Africa to East Timor in the East Indies and Macau in south China were more of a financial liability than an asset. Only two small territories balanced their budgets occasionally or made profits: the cocoa islands of São Tomé and Príncipe in the Gulf of Guinea and tiny Macau, which lost much of its advantage as an entrepot between the West and the East when the British annexed neighboring Hong Kong in 1842. The others were largely burdens on the treasury. The African colonies were strapped by a chronic economic problem: at a time when the slave trade and then slavery were being abolished under pressures from Britain and other Western powers, the economies of Guinea- Bissau, São Tomé/Príncipe, Angola, and Mozambique were totally dependent on revenues from the slave trade and slavery. During the course of the 19th century, Lisbon began a program to reform colonial administration in a newly rejuvenated African empire, where most of the imperial efforts were expended, by means of replacing the slave trade and slavery, with legitimate economic activities.Portugal participated in its own early version of the "Scramble" for Africa's interior during 1850-69, but discovered that the costs of imperial expansion were too high to allow effective occupation of the hinterlands. After 1875, Portugal participated in the international "Scramble for Africa" and consolidated its holdings in west and southern Africa, despite the failure of the contra-costa (to the opposite coast) plan, which sought to link up the interiors of Angola and Mozambique with a corridor in central Africa. Portugal's expansion into what is now Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe (eastern section) in 1885-90 was thwarted by its oldest ally, Britain, under pressure from interest groups in South Africa, Scotland, and England. All things considered, Portugal's colonizing resources and energies were overwhelmed by the African empire it possessed after the frontier-marking treaties of 1891-1906. Lisbon could barely administer the massive area of five African colonies, whose total area comprised about 8 percent of the area of the colossal continent. The African territories alone were many times the size of tiny Portugal and, as of 1914, Portugal was the third colonial power in terms of size of area possessed in the world.The politics of Portugal's empire were deceptive. Lisbon remained obsessed with the fear that rival colonial powers, especially Germany and Britain, would undermine and then dismantle her African empire. This fear endured well into World War II. In developing and keeping her potentially rich African territories (especially mineral-rich Angola and strategically located Mozambique), however, the race against time was with herself and her subject peoples. Two major problems, both chronic, prevented Portugal from effective colonization (i.e., settling) and development of her African empire: the economic weakness and underdevelopment of the mother country and the fact that the bulk of Portuguese emigration after 1822 went to Brazil, Venezuela, the United States, and France, not to the colonies. These factors made it difficult to consolidate imperial control until it was too late; that is, until local African nationalist movements had organized and taken the field in insurgency wars that began in three of the colonies during the years 1961-64.Portugal's belated effort to revitalize control and to develop, in the truest sense of the word, Angola and Mozambique after 1961 had to be set against contemporary events in Europe, Africa, and Asia. While Portugal held on to a backward empire, other European countries like Britain, France, and Belgium were rapidly decolonizing their empires. Portugal's failure or unwillingness to divert the large streams of emigrants to her empire after 1850 remained a constant factor in this question. Prophetic were the words of the 19th-century economist Joaquim Oliveira Martins, who wrote in 1880 that Brazil was a better colony for Portugal than Africa and that the best colony of all would have been Portugal itself. As of the day of the Revolution of 25 April 1974, which sparked the final process of decolonization of the remainder of Portugal's third overseas empire, the results of the colonization program could be seen to be modest compared to the numbers of Portuguese emigrants outside the empire. Moreover, within a year, of some 600,000 Portuguese residing permanently in Angola and Mozambique, all but a few thousand had fled to South Africa or returned to Portugal.In 1974 and 1975, most of the Portuguese empire was decolonized or, in the case of East Timor, invaded and annexed by a foreign power before it could consolidate its independence. Only historic Macau, scheduled for transfer to the People's Republic of China in 1999, remained nominally under Portuguese control as a kind of footnote to imperial history. If Portugal now lacked a conventional overseas empire and was occupied with the challenges of integration in the European Union (EU), Lisbon retained another sort of informal dependency that was a new kind of empire: the empire of her scattered overseas Portuguese communities from North America to South America. Their numbers were at least six times greater than that of the last settlers of the third empire.Historical dictionary of Portugal > Empire, Portuguese overseas
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97 trial
A n1 Jur procès m ; murder/embezzlement trial procès m pour meurtre/pour détournement de fonds ; to be on trial être jugé (for sth pour qch ; for doing pour avoir fait) ; to go to trial [case] être jugé ; to bring sb for trial amener qn devant la justice ; to go on trial, to stand trial passer en jugement ; to come up for trial [person] comparaître en justice ; [case] être jugé ; to put sb on trial lit juger qn ; fig [press, person, public] condamner qn ; to send sb for trial, to commit sb to trial faire passer qn en jugement ; without trial sans jugement ; to conduct a trial diriger les débats (d'un procès) ; to be awaiting trial être en instance de jugement ; trial by jury jugement par jury ; trial by media procès médiatique ;2 ( test) (of applicant, machine, recruit, vehicle) essai m ; (of drug, new product, process) test m ; to put sth through trials soumettre qch à des essais or tests ; (to be) on trial (être) à l'essai ; take it on trial prenez-le à l'essai ; to carry out ou conduct ou run/undergo trials effectuer/subir des tests or essais (on sur) ; to give sb a trial faire faire un essai à qn ; medical/clinical trials tests mpl médicaux/cliniques ; by trial and error par expérience ;3 Mus, Sport ( gén pl) épreuve f ; football/horse trials épreuves fpl de football/d'équitation ; voice trials essais mpl de voix ; a trial of strength une épreuve de force ; to hold trials organiser des épreuves ;4 (trouble, difficulty) épreuve f ; ( less strong) difficulté f ; the trials of old age/of being a mother les épreuves or difficultés du grand âge/qu'il y a à être mère ; to be a trial [person] être pénible à supporter (to sb pour qn).B modif gen [arrangement, flight, offer, period, sample, separation] d'essai ; for trial purposes à titre d'essai ; on a trial basis à titre expérimental ; for a trial period pour une période d'essai. -
98 budget manual
Fina detailed set of documents providing guidelines and information about the budget process. A budget manual may include: a calendar of budgetary events; sample budget forms; a statement of budgetary objective and desired results; a listing of budgetary activities; original, revised, and approved budgets; and budget assumptions regarding inflation, interest rates, etc. -
99 frequency distribution
Statsthe process of dividing a sample of observations in a statistical study into classes and listing the number of observations in each class -
100 error
[ˈerə]absolute error абсолютная ошибка accidental error случайная ошибка accounting error ошибка бухгалтерского учета accuracy error постоянная ошибка addressing error вчт. ошибка адресации alignment error погрешность юстировки altering error нерегулярная ошибка analytic truncation error ошибка аналитического усечения average error средняя ошибка bad call format error вчт. ошибка из-за неправильного вызова bad command error вчт. ошибка из-за неправильной команды balancing error сбалансированная ошибка error ошибка, заблуждение; to make an error совершить ошибку, ошибиться; in error по ошибке, ошибочно; to be in error заблуждаться bias error постоянная ошибка biased error постоянная ошибка biased error систематическая ошибка burst error вчт. пакет ошибок calculating error погрешность расчета call error вчт. ошибка вызова chance error случайная ошибка checksum error вчт. ошибка в контрольной сумме code error вчт. ошибка в коде coincidence error вчт. ошибка совпадения common error вчт. обычная ошибка compensating error вчт. компенсирующая ошибка compensating error компенсирующая ошибка compile-time error вчт. ошибка при трансляции completeness error вчт. ошибка завершения configuration error вчт. ошибка компоновки configuration error вчт. ошибка конфигурации connection error вчт. ошибка монтажа consistency error вчт. ошибка из-за несовместимости constant error постоянная ошибка constant error систематическая ошибка constructional error вчт. ошибка монтажа contributory error вчт. внесенная ошибка control error вчт. ошибка регулирования critical error вчт. неустранимая ошибка crude error вчт. грубая ошибка cumulative error накопленная ошибка data error вчт. ошибка в данных data-bit error вчт. ошибка в битах данных deletion error вчт. ложное исключение design error ошибка проектирования detectable error вчт. обнаруживаемая ошибка detectable error вчт. обнаружимая ошибка difficult-to-locate error вчт. труднообнаружимая ошибка displacement error вчт. ошибка из-за смещения documentation error ошибка в документации double-bit error вчт. двухбитовая ошибка dropout error вчт. ошибка из-за выпадения error поэт. блуждание error грех error заблуждение error ложное представление error отклонение, уклонение, погрешность error отклонение от номинала error ошибка, заблуждение; to make an error совершить ошибку, ошибиться; in error по ошибке, ошибочно; to be in error заблуждаться error вчт. ошибка error ошибка error вчт. погрешность error погрешность error потеря точности error "приказ об ошибке" (т.е. о передаче материалов по делу в апелляционный суд для пересмотра вынесенного судебного решения на основании ошибки, допущенной при рассмотрении дела) error радио рассогласование error рассогласование error due to sampling вчт. ошибка выборки error frequency limit вчт. максимальная частота однобитовых ошибок error in addition мат. ошибка сложения error in standard deviation ошибка среднего квадратического отклонения error in subtraction мат. ошибка вычитания error of estimation ошибка оценивания error of judgment неверное суждение error of judgment ошибочная оценка error of posting ошибка бухгалтерской проводки error status flag вчт. флаг состояния ошибки estimated error оцениваемая ошибка estimation error ошибка оценивания estimation error ошибка оценки execution error вчт. ошибка выполнения experimental error погрешность эксперемента factual error фактическая ошибка fatal error вчт. неисправимая ошибка fatal hard error вчт. неисправимая аппаратная ошибка file error вчт. ошибка при работе с файлом fixed error постоянная ошибка fixed error систематическая ошибка following error ошибка слежения formal error формальная ошибка framing error ошибка кадровой синхронизации frequency error погрешность частоты general error вчт. ошибка общего характера gross error грубая ошибка hardware error вчт. аппаратная ошибка human error вчт. ошибка оператора error ошибка, заблуждение; to make an error совершить ошибку, ошибиться; in error по ошибке, ошибочно; to be in error заблуждаться in-process error ошибка изготовления inherent error вчт. унаследованная ошибка inherited error вчт. предвнесенная ошибка inherited error вчт. унаследованная ошибка initial error вчт. начальная ошибка input error вчт. ошибка на входе insertion error вчт. ошибка ложного восприятия instantaneous error вчт. текущее значение ошибки intentional error вчт. умышленная ошибка intermediate error вчт. нерегулярная ошибка intermittent error случайная ошибка interpolation error ошибка интерполяции intrinsic error вчт. исходная ошибка introduced error вчт. внесенная ошибка introduced error вчт. допущенная ошибка irrecoverable error непоправимая ошибка isolated error вчт. локализованная ошибка isolated error вчт. одиночная ошибка judicial error судебная ошибка limiting error предел точности literal error полигр. опечатка literal: error буквенный; literal error опечатка error ошибка, заблуждение; to make an error совершить ошибку, ошибиться; in error по ошибке, ошибочно; to be in error заблуждаться marginal error вчт. краевая ошибка matching error вчт. ошибка неточного согласования material error существенная ошибка maximum error максимальная ошибка maximum error предельная ошибка maximum permissible error максимальная допустимая ошибка mean error средняя ошибка mean probable error средняя вероятная ошибка metering error ошибка измерения missing error вчт. ошибка из-за отсутствия данных nautical error навигационная ошибка no-paper error вчт. ошибка из-за отсутствия бумаги nonsampling error постоянная ошибка nonsampling error систематическая ошибка observation error ошибка наблюдения observational error ошибка наблюдения offsetting error компенсирующая ошибка operating error ошибка в процессе работы operating error ошибка из-за нарушения правил эксплуатации operation error ошибка в работе operational error ошибка из-за нарушения правил эксплуатации operator error вчт. ошибка оператора output error вчт. ошибка выхода parity error ошибка, выявленная контролем по четности parity error вчт. ошибка четности pattern-sensitive error вчт. кодочувствительная ошибка percentage error ошибка в процентах permissible error допустимая ошибка posting error ошибка при переносе в бухгалтерскую книгу precautionary error подозреваемая ошибка predictable error предсказуемая ошибка probable error вероятная ошибка probable error стат. вероятная ошибка procedural error процедурная ошибка procedural error процеждурная ошибка professional error профессиональная ошибка program error вчт. ошибка в программе program error вчт. программная ошибка propagated error накапливаемая ошибка propagated error вчт. распространяющаяся ошибка propagation error вчт. накапливающаяся ошибка pure error вчт. истинная ошибка quantitative error количественная ошибка quantization error вчт. ошибка дискретизации quiet error вчт. исправимая ошибка quite error вчт. исправимая ошибка random error случайная ошибка random sampling error ошибка случайной выборки read fault error вчт. сбой при чтении reasonable error допустимая ошибка recoverable error вчт. исправимая ошибка recoverable error исправимая ошибка recurrent error вчт. повторяющаяся ошибка reduced error приведенная погрешность relative error относительная ошибка remediable error поправимая ошибка residual error остаточная ошибка responce error вчт. ошибка ответной реакции resultant error суммарная ошибка return an error code вчт. выдавать код ошибки root-mean-square error среднеквадратичная ошибка round error вчт. ошибка округления round-off error вчт. ошибка округления rounding error вчт. ошибка округления rounding error ошибка округления run-time error вчт. ошибка при выполнении runtime error вчт. ошибка при выполнении sample error вчт. ошибка выборки sampling error вчт. ошибка выборки sampling error stat. ошибка выборки sampling error stat. ошибка выборочного обследования sampling error вчт. ошибка квантования seek error вчт. ошибка при поиске дорожки select error вчт. ошибка выборки select error вчт. ошибка отсутствия связи semantic error вчт. семантическая ошибка sequence error вчт. неправильный порядок setup error вчт. ошибка настройки severe error серьезная ошибка size error вчт. переполнение размера сетки smoothing error ошибка сглаживания soft error нерегулярная ошибка soft error вчт. случайный сбой software error comp. ошибка в системе программного обеспечения software error вчт. программная ошибка solid burst error вчт. плотный пакет ошибок solid error вчт. постоянная ошибка spelling error орфографическая ошибка srecification error ошибка в описании standard error среднеквадратическая ошибка standard error (SE) stat. среднеквадратическая ошибка steady-state error статическая ошибка stored error вчт. накопленная ошибка substantial error существенная ошибка substitution error вчт. ошибка замещения subtle error неявная ошибка syntactical error синтаксическая ошибка syntax error вчт. синтаксическая ошибка system error вчт. ошибка системы systematic error stat. систематическая ошибка tabulation error вчт. неправильная классификация technical error формальная ошибка technical error формально-юридическая ошибка time-base error вчт. ошибка синхронизации timing error вчт. ошибка синхронизации total error накопленная ошибка total error общая ошибка transient error вчт. перемежающая ошибка translation error ошибка в переводе transmission error вчт. ошибка передачи true error вчт. истинная ошибка truncation error вчт. ошибка отбрасывания членов ряда truncation error вчт. ошибка усечения typing error опечатка unbiased error случайная ошибка uncompensated error нескомпенсированная ошибка underflow error вчт. ошибка обнаружения undetectable error вчт. необнаруживаемая ошибка undetectable error вчт. необнаружимая ошибка unexpected error occured вчт. произошла непредвиденная ошибка unrecoverable error вчт. неисправимая ошибка wiring error ошибка монтажа write fault error вчт. сбой при записи write protect error вчт. ошибка в связи с защитой от записи zero error сдвиг нуля
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