-
61 tetricus
taetrĭcus (tētrĭcus), a, um sombre, sévère.* * *taetrĭcus (tētrĭcus), a, um sombre, sévère.* * *Tetricus, pen. corr. Virgil. Une montaigne en Italie fort aspre et rude et desrompue, difficile et roide à monter. A quo monte, -
62 vehemens
vĕhĕmens, entis - veemens, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 120 --- vemens, Lucr. 3, 152; Catul. 50, 21; Hor. Cic. [st1]1 [-] emporté, impétueux, passionné, violent. - in agendo vehemens atque incensus, Cic. Brut. 22, 88: qui met de la passion et du feu dans l'action. [st1]2 [-] en parl. du style véhément. - Cic. Br. 97; de Or. 200, etc. [st1]3 [-] violent, rigoureux, sévère; violent, intense, énergique, fort. - vehemens imber, Lucr. 6, 517: pluie violente. - vehementissimo cursu, Hirt. BG. 8, 15, 6: dans une course à toute allure. - argumentum vehementius, Quint. 7, 6, 7: argument plus solide. - vehementius ictu missuque telum, Liv. 9, 19, 7: trait plus violent par sa force de frappe et par sa portée. [st1]4 [-] plein de sève, vigoureux. - vitis vehemens, Col. 1, 3, 5: vigne vigoureuse.* * *vĕhĕmens, entis - veemens, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 120 --- vemens, Lucr. 3, 152; Catul. 50, 21; Hor. Cic. [st1]1 [-] emporté, impétueux, passionné, violent. - in agendo vehemens atque incensus, Cic. Brut. 22, 88: qui met de la passion et du feu dans l'action. [st1]2 [-] en parl. du style véhément. - Cic. Br. 97; de Or. 200, etc. [st1]3 [-] violent, rigoureux, sévère; violent, intense, énergique, fort. - vehemens imber, Lucr. 6, 517: pluie violente. - vehementissimo cursu, Hirt. BG. 8, 15, 6: dans une course à toute allure. - argumentum vehementius, Quint. 7, 6, 7: argument plus solide. - vehementius ictu missuque telum, Liv. 9, 19, 7: trait plus violent par sa force de frappe et par sa portée. [st1]4 [-] plein de sève, vigoureux. - vitis vehemens, Col. 1, 3, 5: vigne vigoureuse.* * *Vehemens, pen. cor. vehementis, om. ge. Terent. Vehement.\Vehemens causa ad obiurgandum. Terent. Fort grande.\Literae vehementes. Cic. Aigres et vehementes.\Palus vehemens. Columel. Fort et puissant. -
63 Alexander
Alexander, dri, m. Alexandre. [st2]1 [-] Alexandre ou Pâris, fils de Priam. [st2]2 [-] Alexandre (tyran de Phères). [st2]3 [-] Alexander Magnus: Alexandre le Grand (fils de Philippe et roi de Macédoine). [st2]4 [-] Alexander Severus: Alexandre Sévère (empereur romain). - [gr]gr. Ἀλέξανδρος --- ἀλέξω: écarter, défendre. - voir hors site Alexandre le Grand. - voir hors site Alexandre Sévère. -
64 assevero
assevero, (adservero), āre, āvi, ātum - tr. - [st2]1 [-] parler sérieusement, affirmer, soutenir. [st2]2 [-] prouver, attester (avec sujet de chose). [st2]3 [-] faire profession de. [st2]4 [-] rendre sévère. - adseverant magni artus Germanicam originem, Tac. Agr. 11: la longueur de leurs membres est la preuve de leur origine germanique. - frontem asseverare, App. M. 3: se rider le front, prendre un air sévère. -
65 acerbus
acerbus adj. with comp. and sup. [2 AC-].—In taste, harsh, bitter, unripe: uva, Ph. — Meton., to the senses, harsh, sharp, bitter: frigus, H.: recitator, of harsh voice, H. — Neut. plur. As adv.: acerba sonans, V. — Fig., of character and conduct, rough, harsh, violent, rigorous, crabbed, severe, repulsive, hard, morose: acerbus odistis et fugis, H.: occupat speciem taciturnus acerbi, morose, H.: convicium, Ph. — Neut. plur. As adv.: acerba fremens, chafing with rage, V. — Of things, events, etc., premature, crude, unripe: virginis aures, O.: funus, V.: mors, O. — Grievous, bitter, severe, oppressive, burdensome, distressing: dilectus, a rigid conscription, L.: acerba fata Romanos agunt, H.: volnus, V.: imperium acerbius, N.: luctus: mors acerbissima.— Subst: quidquid acerbi est, all the bitterness (of death), V.: tot acerba, V.* * *acerba -um, acerbior -or -us, acerbissimus -a -um ADJharsh, strident, bitter, sour; unripe, green, unfinished; grievous; gloomy -
66 adductus
adductus adj. [P. of adduco], strict, severe: Nero, Ta.: servitium, Ta.* * *adducta -um, adductior -or -us, adductissimus -a -um ADJcontracted, drawn together; frowning, grave; compressed, terse; strict, severe -
67 atrōx
atrōx ōcis, adj. with comp. and sup. [ater], savage, fierce, wild, cruel, harsh, severe: Tydides, H.: Iuno, V.: odium exercebat atrox, O.: animus Catonis, resolute, H.: odii Agrippina, in hatred, Ta.—Cruel, horrible, violent, raging, perilous: res tam atrox: lex: hora Caniculae, H.: facinus, L.: spectaculum, Ta.: pugna atrocior, L.: atrocissimum crimen.—Violent, bitter: genus orationis.* * *atrocis (gen.), atrocior -or -us, atrocissimus -a -um ADJfierce, savage, bloody; heinous, cruel; severe; terrible, frightening, dreadful -
68 crūdēlis
crūdēlis e, adj. with comp. and sup. [crudus], rude, unfeeling, hard, unmerciful, hard - hearted, cruel, severe, fierce: mulier: in calamitate hominis: cenatus in conservandā patriā: in eos: in patriam: gratuito, S.: ecquid crudelius?: crudelior in nos Te, H.: tanto amori, Pr.: crudelissimi hostes: parricidae, S. — Of things, cruel, pitiless, harsh, bitter: bellum: res auditu: poena in cives: facinora, S.: arae, of blood, V.: verber, O.: crudele, suos addicere amores, O.: amor tauri, fierce, V.: crudelior mens, O.: manūs crudelissimae.* * *crudele, crudelior -or -us, crudelissimus -a -um ADJcruel/hardhearted/unmerciful/severe, bloodthirsty/savage/inhuman; harsh/bitter -
69 dēstrictus
dēstrictus adj. [P. of destringo], severe, rigid. —Only comp: destrictior accusator, Ta.* * *destricta -um, destrictior -or -us, destrictissimus -a -um ADJstrict, severe; uncompromising; unresrved; rigid (L+S); censorious -
70 gravis
gravis e, adj. with comp. gravior, and sup. gravissimus [2 GAR-], heavy, weighty, ponderous, burdensome, loaded, laden, burdened: gravi onere armorum oppressi, Cs.: corpus: Ipse gravis graviter Concidit, V.: bullae aureae: navigia, Cs.: agmen, L.: gravius dorso subiit onus, H.: robur aratri, V.: tellus, V.: naves spoliis graves, L.: aere dextra, V.: imbre nubes, L.—After the as was reduced in weight: aes grave, heavy money, money of the old standard (a full pound in each as), L. — With young, pregnant: sacerdos Marte, V.: uterus, O.—Of sound, deep, grave, low, bass: sonus, H.: gravissimus sonus: sonus auditur gravior, V.: fragor, O.—Of smell or flavor, strong, unpleasant, offensive: hircus in alis, rank, H.: ellebori, V.: odor caeni, V.: sentina, Iu.— Burdening, oppressive, serious, gross, indigestible, unwholesome, noxious, severe, sick: cibus: cantantibus umbra, V.: anni tempore gravissimo, season: autumnus in Apuliā, Cs.: virus, H.: tempus, weather, L.: graviore tempore anni acto, season, L.: morbo gravis, sick, V.: aetate et viribus gravior, L.: vino, O.: spiritus gemitu, difficult, V.: oculi, heavy, V.—Fig., hard to bear, heavy, burdensome, oppressive, troublesome, grievous, painful, hard, harsh, severe, disagreeable, unpleasant: paupertas, T.: labores: gravissima hiemps, Cs.: volnus: numquam tibi senectutem gravem esse: Appia (via) tardis, H.: miserior graviorque fortuna, Cs.: Principum amicitiae, oppressive, H.: si tibi grave non erit, a trouble: in Caesarem contiones, hostile, Cs.: verbum gravius: ne quid gravius in fratrem statueret, Cs.: gravius est verberari quam necari, S.: edictum, L.: graviora (pericula), more serious, V.: quo inprovisus gravior accederet, more formidable, S.: adversarius imperi.—As subst n.: O passi graviora, greater hardships, V.—Of things, strong, weighty, important, grave, influential: inperium gravius, T.: quae mihi ad spem obtinendae veritatis gravissima sunt: gravissima caerimonia, most solemn, Cs.: nihil sibi gravius esse faciendum, quam ut, etc.: exemplum, H.: gravissima civitas.—Of character, of weight, of authority, eminent, venerable, great: animus natu gravior, T.: auctoritate graviores: omnes gravioris aetatis, more settled, Cs.: homo, sober: gravis Entellum dictis castigat (i. e. graviter), V.* * *grave, gravior -or -us, gravissimus -a -um ADJheavy; painful; important; serious; pregnant; grave, oppressive, burdensome -
71 in-dīgnus
in-dīgnus adj. with comp. and sup, unworthy, undeserving, unfit: senator voluerat fieri, quamvis indignus: indignissimi candidati, L.: poëta, incompetent, H.: te omni honore indignissimum iudicat: magnorum avorum, V.: indigni erant qui impetrarent?: indignus quem mors tam saeva maneret, Iu.: ut a vobis redimeremur, L.: indigni fraternum rumpere foedus (i. e. quos non decet), H.—Not deserving, undeserving: calamitates hominum indignorum, undeservedly suffering: Cur eget indignus quisquam? H.: indignus iniuriā hac, T.: indigna laedi Crura, O.—Of things, unworthy, unbecoming, shameful, intolerable, severe, cruel, harsh: iniuria, T.: lictoribus indignum in modum mulcatis, L.: indignis modis acceptus, T.: indignissima mors: aliquid pro indignissimo habere, L.: hoc uno sol quicquam non vidit indignius: amor, not returned, V.: nulla vox populi R. maiestate indigna, Cs.: nihil facere fide suā indignum, N.: studiis labor, Iu.: digna atque indigna relatu Vociferans, V.: id auditu dicere indignum, L.: indignum est a pari vinci, indignius ab inferiore: Nec fuit indignum superis, bis, etc., i. e. deemed too severe, V.: indignum! shame! O.— Plur n. as subst: indigna pati, outrage, L. -
72 tetricus
tetricus adj. [cf. taeter], forbidding, gloomy, crabbed, harsh, severe: puella, O.: Sabinae, O.: disciplina Sabinorum, L.* * *tetrica, tetricum ADJharsh, gloomy, severe -
73 trīstis
trīstis e, adj. with comp. and sup. [2 TER-], sad, sorrowful, mournful, dejected, melancholy, gloomy, downcast, disconsolate: quaerere ex te, quid tristis esses: tristis, demissus: tristīs adfatus amicos, H.: Sequanos tristīs, capite demisso, terram intueri, Cs.: tristis erat et me maestum videbat, Cu.— Gloomy, peevish, morose, sullen, illhumored: Navita (Charon), V.: dii, H.— Stern, harsh, severe: iudex: cum tristibus severe vivere. —Of things, bringing sorrow, melancholy, saddening, unhappy, sad, dismal, gloomy: ut tuum laetissimum diem cum tristissimo meo conferam: tristia ad recordationem exempla, L.: tristissuma exta: tristissimi exsili solacium, L.: Kalendae, H.: clades, H.: morbus, V.: ius sepulcri, O.: pars subiere feretro, Triste ministerium, V.: tristique palus inamabilis undā, V.—As subst n., a sad thing, pest, bane, sorrow: Triste lupus stabulis, V.: interdum miscentur tristia laetis, O.: nune ego mitibus Mutare quaero tristia, H.—Of taste, harsh, disagreeable, bitter: suci, V.: absinthia, O.—Of smell, offensive, foul: anhelitus oris, O.— Expressing sorrow, gloomy, sad, melancholy, stern, harsh: voltus tristior: Tristis severitas inest in voltu, T.: vita tristior: sermo (opp. iocosus), H.: tua tristia iussa, V.: sententia, O.: responsum, L.* * *tristis, triste ADJsad, sorrowful; gloomy -
74 acerbum
ăcerbus, a, um, adj. [fr. 2. acer, like superbus fr. super, yet the short ă should be noticed], harsh to the taste, of every object which has an astringent effect upon the tongue (opp. suavis, Lucr. 4, 661 sq.).I.Prop.:B.Neptuni corpus acerbum,
bitter, briny, Lucr. 2, 472; and esp. of unripe fruit, sharp, sour, harsh, and the like:uva primo est peracerba gustatu, deinde maturata dulcescit,
Cic. de Sen. 15:saporum genera tredecim reperiuntur: acer, acutus, acerbus, acidus, salsus, etc.,
Plin. 15, 27, 32; and since the harshness of fruit is always a sign of immaturity, so Varro, Cicero, Pliny, et al. use acerbus as a syn. for crudus, immaturus, unripe, crude, lit. and trop.: nondum matura uva est, nolo acerbam sumere, Phaed. 4, 2, 4; so Ov. Am. 2, 14, 24;and trop.: impolitae res et acerbae si erunt relictae,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 14; cf. Gell. 13, 2.—Hence: virgo acerba, not yet marriageable, Varr. ap. Non. 247, 15; and esp. poet. (opp. to virgo matura, v. maturus): funus acerbum, as a translation of the Gr. thaWatos aôros (Eur. Orest. 1030), Auct. Or. pro Dom. 16:ante diem edere partus acerbos,
premature, Ov. F. 4, 647. —Transf.(α).to sounds, harsh, hoarse, rough, shrill:(β). II.serrae stridentis acerbum horrorem, Lucr, 2, 410: vox acerbissima,
Auct. Her. 4, 47;Fig.A.Of men: Rough, coarse, repulsive, morose, violent, hard, rigorous, severe:B.melius de quibusdam acerbos inimicos mereri quam eos amicos, qui dulces videantur,
Cic. Lael. 24:posse enim asotos ex Aristippi, acerbos e Zenonis schola exire,
for there may go forth sensualists from the school of Aristippus, crabbed fellows from that of Zeno, id. N. D. 3, 31 (cf. acriculus):acerbissimi feneratores,
id. Att. 6, 1;so of adversaries or enemies,
violent, furious, bitter, Cic. Fam. 1, 4:acerbissimus hostis,
id. Cat. 4, 6 fin.; so id. Fam. 3, 8:acerbus odisti,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 85 K. &H.: quid messes uris acerba tuas?
Tib. 1, 2, 98 al. —Of things, harsh, heavy, disagreeable, grievous, troublesome, bitter, sad (very often, esp. in Cic.):ut acerbum est, pro benefactis cum mali messem metas!
Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 52; cf. Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 1; Att. ap. Non. 72, 29:in rebus acerbis,
Lucr. 3, 54:acerbissimum supplicium,
Cic. Cat. 4, 6:acerbissima vexatio,
id. ib. 4, 1:acerba memoria temporis,
id. Planc. 41: acerbissimā morte affectus, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12, 2 al.—Hence acerbum funus (diff. from above), a bitter, painful death, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 35:acerbum funus filiae,
id. As. 3, 3, 5, and so Nep. Cim. 4: vita ejus fuit secura et mors acerba, afflicting, painful, unwelcome. —In the neutr. subst.: ăcer-bum, i, calamity, misfortune, Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 21; Verg. A. 12, 500—acerba, n. plur. adv. acc. to the Gr. idiom, Lucr. 5, 34 (cf. acuta et al.), several times imitated by Verg. A. 12, 398; 9, 794; id. G. 3, 149.— Adv.: ăcerbe, harshly, sharply, severely, etc., in the trop. signif. of the adj., Cic. Fam. 1, 5; id. N. D. 2, 33; id. Planc. 1:idem acerbe severus in filium,
id. Off. 3, 31, 112; Liv. 3, 50. 12; 7, 3, 9; Tac. A. 2, 87 al.— Comp., Cic. Lael. 16; Suet. Tib. 25.— Sup., Cic. Att. 11, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 2; also Cic. Planc. 35, 86, where, of an exclamation of severe grief, acerbissime for acerrime is defended against Lambinus and Ernesti by Wunder, Planc. l. c. p. 217; so B. & K. -
75 acerbus
ăcerbus, a, um, adj. [fr. 2. acer, like superbus fr. super, yet the short ă should be noticed], harsh to the taste, of every object which has an astringent effect upon the tongue (opp. suavis, Lucr. 4, 661 sq.).I.Prop.:B.Neptuni corpus acerbum,
bitter, briny, Lucr. 2, 472; and esp. of unripe fruit, sharp, sour, harsh, and the like:uva primo est peracerba gustatu, deinde maturata dulcescit,
Cic. de Sen. 15:saporum genera tredecim reperiuntur: acer, acutus, acerbus, acidus, salsus, etc.,
Plin. 15, 27, 32; and since the harshness of fruit is always a sign of immaturity, so Varro, Cicero, Pliny, et al. use acerbus as a syn. for crudus, immaturus, unripe, crude, lit. and trop.: nondum matura uva est, nolo acerbam sumere, Phaed. 4, 2, 4; so Ov. Am. 2, 14, 24;and trop.: impolitae res et acerbae si erunt relictae,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 14; cf. Gell. 13, 2.—Hence: virgo acerba, not yet marriageable, Varr. ap. Non. 247, 15; and esp. poet. (opp. to virgo matura, v. maturus): funus acerbum, as a translation of the Gr. thaWatos aôros (Eur. Orest. 1030), Auct. Or. pro Dom. 16:ante diem edere partus acerbos,
premature, Ov. F. 4, 647. —Transf.(α).to sounds, harsh, hoarse, rough, shrill:(β). II.serrae stridentis acerbum horrorem, Lucr, 2, 410: vox acerbissima,
Auct. Her. 4, 47;Fig.A.Of men: Rough, coarse, repulsive, morose, violent, hard, rigorous, severe:B.melius de quibusdam acerbos inimicos mereri quam eos amicos, qui dulces videantur,
Cic. Lael. 24:posse enim asotos ex Aristippi, acerbos e Zenonis schola exire,
for there may go forth sensualists from the school of Aristippus, crabbed fellows from that of Zeno, id. N. D. 3, 31 (cf. acriculus):acerbissimi feneratores,
id. Att. 6, 1;so of adversaries or enemies,
violent, furious, bitter, Cic. Fam. 1, 4:acerbissimus hostis,
id. Cat. 4, 6 fin.; so id. Fam. 3, 8:acerbus odisti,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 85 K. &H.: quid messes uris acerba tuas?
Tib. 1, 2, 98 al. —Of things, harsh, heavy, disagreeable, grievous, troublesome, bitter, sad (very often, esp. in Cic.):ut acerbum est, pro benefactis cum mali messem metas!
Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 52; cf. Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 1; Att. ap. Non. 72, 29:in rebus acerbis,
Lucr. 3, 54:acerbissimum supplicium,
Cic. Cat. 4, 6:acerbissima vexatio,
id. ib. 4, 1:acerba memoria temporis,
id. Planc. 41: acerbissimā morte affectus, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12, 2 al.—Hence acerbum funus (diff. from above), a bitter, painful death, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 35:acerbum funus filiae,
id. As. 3, 3, 5, and so Nep. Cim. 4: vita ejus fuit secura et mors acerba, afflicting, painful, unwelcome. —In the neutr. subst.: ăcer-bum, i, calamity, misfortune, Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 21; Verg. A. 12, 500—acerba, n. plur. adv. acc. to the Gr. idiom, Lucr. 5, 34 (cf. acuta et al.), several times imitated by Verg. A. 12, 398; 9, 794; id. G. 3, 149.— Adv.: ăcerbe, harshly, sharply, severely, etc., in the trop. signif. of the adj., Cic. Fam. 1, 5; id. N. D. 2, 33; id. Planc. 1:idem acerbe severus in filium,
id. Off. 3, 31, 112; Liv. 3, 50. 12; 7, 3, 9; Tac. A. 2, 87 al.— Comp., Cic. Lael. 16; Suet. Tib. 25.— Sup., Cic. Att. 11, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 2; also Cic. Planc. 35, 86, where, of an exclamation of severe grief, acerbissime for acerrime is defended against Lambinus and Ernesti by Wunder, Planc. l. c. p. 217; so B. & K. -
76 acuo
ăcŭo, ui, ūtum, 3, v. a. ( part. fut. acuturus, not used) [cf. 2. acer], to make sharp or pointed, to sharpen, whet.I.Lit.:II.ne stridorem quidem serrae audiunt, cum acuitur,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 40; so,ferrum,
Verg. A. 8, 386; Hor. C. 1, 2, 21:enses,
Ov. M. 15, 776:gladium,
Vulg. Deut. 32, 41:sagittas,
id. Jer. 51, 11.— Poet.:fulmen,
Lucr. 6, 278:dentes,
Hor. C. 3, 20, 10; cf. Tib. 4, 3, 3.—Trop.A.First, of the tongue, qs. to whet, i. e. to sharpen, exercise, improve:B.acuere linguam exercitatione dicendi,
Cic. Brut. 97:linguam causis,
Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 23; so Vulg. Psa. 139, 4; so in gen.: se, to exercise one's self, to make one's self ready:acueram me ad exagitandam hanc ejus legationem,
Cic. Att. 2, 7: mentem, ingenium, prudentiam, etc.; to sharpen:multa, quae acuant mentem, multa quae obtundant,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 33; so id. Brut. 33; id. Phil. 2, 17; id. de Or. 1, 20.—Acuere aliquem (with or without ad aliquid), to spur on, incite, stir up, arouse:C.ad crudelitatem,
Cic. Lig. 4; id. Fam. 15, 21:illos sat aetas acuet,
Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 49; Cic. Rosc. Am. 33, 110:ita duae res, quae languorem afferunt ceteris, illum acuebant, otium et solitudo,
id. Off. 3, 1; Liv. 28, 19:curis acuens mortalia corda,
Verg. G. 1, 123:auditisque lupos acuunt balatibus agni,
id. ib. 4, 435:quam Juno his acuit verbis,
id. A. 7, 330.—Aliquid, to rouse up, kindle, excite (mostly poet.):D.saevus in armis Aeneas acuit Martem et se suscitat irā,
Verg. A. 12, 108:iram,
Vulg. Sap. 5, 21:studia,
Val. Max. 2, 2, no. 3.—In gramm.: acuere syllabam, to give an acute accent to (opp. gravem ponere), Quint. 1, 5, 22; cf. Prisc. Op. Min. 159 Lind.: accentus acutus ideo inventus est, quod acuat sive elevet syllabam.—Hence, ăcūtus, a, um, P.a., sharpened, made pointed; hence,A.Lit., sharp, pointed ( acer denotes natural sharpness, etc.: acutus, that produced by exertion, skill, etc.: sermo acer, impassioned, passionate; sermo acutus, pointed, acute discourse):2.vide ut sit acutus culter probe,
Plaut. Mil. 5, 4:ferrum,
Hor. A. P. 304:cuspis,
Verg. A. 5, 208:gladius,
Vulg. Psa. 56, 5:carex,
Verg. G. 3, 231; elementa, i. e. pointed, jagged atoms (opp. to perplexa, connected), Lucr. 2, 463:nasus,
Plaut. Cap. 3, 4, 114:oculi,
of a pointed shape, id. Ps. 4, 7, 121:aures,
pointed, Hor. C. 2, 19, 4:saxa,
id. ib. 3, 27, 61; so Verg. A. 1, 45.—Transf.a.Of the senses themselves, sharp, keen:b.oculos acrīs atque cicutos,
Cic. Planc. 66:nares,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 29; Cels. 2, 6.—Of objects affecting the senses, sharp, acute; of the voice, soprano or treble: inde loci lituus sonitus effudit acutos, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 116 Müll. (Ann. v. 522 ed. Vahl.):c.hinnitu,
Verg. G. 3, 94:voces,
id. Cir. 107; Ov. M. 3, 224:stridore,
Hor. C. 1, 34, 15:vocem ab acutissimo sono usque ad gravissimum sonum recipiunt,
from the highest treble to the lowest base, Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 251; cf. ib. 3, 57, 216; Somn. Scip. 5; Rep. 6, 18.—In gen., of things affecting the body, of either heat or cold from their similar effects, keen, sharp, violent, severe:B.sol,
Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 17:radii solis,
Ov. H. 4, 159:gelu,
Hor. C. 1, 9, 4; cf. Lucr. 1, 495; Verg. G. 1, 93; so,febris,
Cels. 2, 4:morbus,
id. 3 (opp. longus), rapid.— Subst. with gen.:acuta belli,
violent, severe misfortunes of war, Hor. C. 4, 4, 76 (= graves belli molestias).—Fig.1.Of intellectual qualities, acute, clear-sighted, intelligent, sagacious (very freq.):2.Antisthenes homo acutus magis quam eruditus,
Cic. Att. 12, 37; so id. de Or. 1, 51; id. N. D. 1, 16; Nep. Dion. 8, 1:homo ingenio prudentiāque acutissimus,
Cic. de Or. 1, 39:acutae sententiae,
id. Opt. Gen. Or. 2, 5:motus animorum ad excogitandum acuti,
id. Or. 1, 113:studia,
id. Gen. 50:conclusiones,
Quint. 2, 20, 5.—In gramm.: accentus acutus, the acute accent (opp. gravis), Prisc. p. 159, ed. Lindem.— Comp. Plin. 13, 1, 2.— Adv.: ăcūte, sharply, keenly, acutely:. cernere, Lucr. 4, 804; ib. 811:conlecta,
Cic. Deiot. 33:excogitat,
id. Verr. 4, 147:respondeo,
id. Cael. 17:scribo,
id. Verr. 3, 20; so, ăcūtum:cernis,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 26:resonarent,
ib. 8, 41: and, ăcūta: canis ululat, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 9 Müll. (Ann. 346 Vahl.).— Comp., Cic. Inv. 2, 16.— Sup., Cic. Off. 1, 44; id. Verr. 3, 20. -
77 acuta
ăcŭo, ui, ūtum, 3, v. a. ( part. fut. acuturus, not used) [cf. 2. acer], to make sharp or pointed, to sharpen, whet.I.Lit.:II.ne stridorem quidem serrae audiunt, cum acuitur,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 40; so,ferrum,
Verg. A. 8, 386; Hor. C. 1, 2, 21:enses,
Ov. M. 15, 776:gladium,
Vulg. Deut. 32, 41:sagittas,
id. Jer. 51, 11.— Poet.:fulmen,
Lucr. 6, 278:dentes,
Hor. C. 3, 20, 10; cf. Tib. 4, 3, 3.—Trop.A.First, of the tongue, qs. to whet, i. e. to sharpen, exercise, improve:B.acuere linguam exercitatione dicendi,
Cic. Brut. 97:linguam causis,
Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 23; so Vulg. Psa. 139, 4; so in gen.: se, to exercise one's self, to make one's self ready:acueram me ad exagitandam hanc ejus legationem,
Cic. Att. 2, 7: mentem, ingenium, prudentiam, etc.; to sharpen:multa, quae acuant mentem, multa quae obtundant,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 33; so id. Brut. 33; id. Phil. 2, 17; id. de Or. 1, 20.—Acuere aliquem (with or without ad aliquid), to spur on, incite, stir up, arouse:C.ad crudelitatem,
Cic. Lig. 4; id. Fam. 15, 21:illos sat aetas acuet,
Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 49; Cic. Rosc. Am. 33, 110:ita duae res, quae languorem afferunt ceteris, illum acuebant, otium et solitudo,
id. Off. 3, 1; Liv. 28, 19:curis acuens mortalia corda,
Verg. G. 1, 123:auditisque lupos acuunt balatibus agni,
id. ib. 4, 435:quam Juno his acuit verbis,
id. A. 7, 330.—Aliquid, to rouse up, kindle, excite (mostly poet.):D.saevus in armis Aeneas acuit Martem et se suscitat irā,
Verg. A. 12, 108:iram,
Vulg. Sap. 5, 21:studia,
Val. Max. 2, 2, no. 3.—In gramm.: acuere syllabam, to give an acute accent to (opp. gravem ponere), Quint. 1, 5, 22; cf. Prisc. Op. Min. 159 Lind.: accentus acutus ideo inventus est, quod acuat sive elevet syllabam.—Hence, ăcūtus, a, um, P.a., sharpened, made pointed; hence,A.Lit., sharp, pointed ( acer denotes natural sharpness, etc.: acutus, that produced by exertion, skill, etc.: sermo acer, impassioned, passionate; sermo acutus, pointed, acute discourse):2.vide ut sit acutus culter probe,
Plaut. Mil. 5, 4:ferrum,
Hor. A. P. 304:cuspis,
Verg. A. 5, 208:gladius,
Vulg. Psa. 56, 5:carex,
Verg. G. 3, 231; elementa, i. e. pointed, jagged atoms (opp. to perplexa, connected), Lucr. 2, 463:nasus,
Plaut. Cap. 3, 4, 114:oculi,
of a pointed shape, id. Ps. 4, 7, 121:aures,
pointed, Hor. C. 2, 19, 4:saxa,
id. ib. 3, 27, 61; so Verg. A. 1, 45.—Transf.a.Of the senses themselves, sharp, keen:b.oculos acrīs atque cicutos,
Cic. Planc. 66:nares,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 29; Cels. 2, 6.—Of objects affecting the senses, sharp, acute; of the voice, soprano or treble: inde loci lituus sonitus effudit acutos, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 116 Müll. (Ann. v. 522 ed. Vahl.):c.hinnitu,
Verg. G. 3, 94:voces,
id. Cir. 107; Ov. M. 3, 224:stridore,
Hor. C. 1, 34, 15:vocem ab acutissimo sono usque ad gravissimum sonum recipiunt,
from the highest treble to the lowest base, Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 251; cf. ib. 3, 57, 216; Somn. Scip. 5; Rep. 6, 18.—In gen., of things affecting the body, of either heat or cold from their similar effects, keen, sharp, violent, severe:B.sol,
Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 17:radii solis,
Ov. H. 4, 159:gelu,
Hor. C. 1, 9, 4; cf. Lucr. 1, 495; Verg. G. 1, 93; so,febris,
Cels. 2, 4:morbus,
id. 3 (opp. longus), rapid.— Subst. with gen.:acuta belli,
violent, severe misfortunes of war, Hor. C. 4, 4, 76 (= graves belli molestias).—Fig.1.Of intellectual qualities, acute, clear-sighted, intelligent, sagacious (very freq.):2.Antisthenes homo acutus magis quam eruditus,
Cic. Att. 12, 37; so id. de Or. 1, 51; id. N. D. 1, 16; Nep. Dion. 8, 1:homo ingenio prudentiāque acutissimus,
Cic. de Or. 1, 39:acutae sententiae,
id. Opt. Gen. Or. 2, 5:motus animorum ad excogitandum acuti,
id. Or. 1, 113:studia,
id. Gen. 50:conclusiones,
Quint. 2, 20, 5.—In gramm.: accentus acutus, the acute accent (opp. gravis), Prisc. p. 159, ed. Lindem.— Comp. Plin. 13, 1, 2.— Adv.: ăcūte, sharply, keenly, acutely:. cernere, Lucr. 4, 804; ib. 811:conlecta,
Cic. Deiot. 33:excogitat,
id. Verr. 4, 147:respondeo,
id. Cael. 17:scribo,
id. Verr. 3, 20; so, ăcūtum:cernis,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 26:resonarent,
ib. 8, 41: and, ăcūta: canis ululat, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 9 Müll. (Ann. 346 Vahl.).— Comp., Cic. Inv. 2, 16.— Sup., Cic. Off. 1, 44; id. Verr. 3, 20. -
78 Asper
1.asper, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. (aspra = aspera, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299, but Vahl. ad Enn. p. 166 reads spissa instead of aspra:I.aspris = asperis,
Verg. A. 2, 379;aspro = aspero,
Pall. Insit. 67) [etym. dub.; Doed. foll. by Hinter connects it with aspairô, to struggle, to resist; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 593, regards asper (i. e. ab spe) as the proper opposite of prosper (i. e. pro spe); thus asper originally meant hopeless, desperate; v. also id. ib. II. p. 870; cf. the use of res asperae as the opposite of res prosperae]; as affecting the sense of touch, rough, uneven (opp. lēvis or lenis; syn.: scaber, acutus, insuavis, acerbus, amarus, mordax, durus).1.. Lit.:2.lingua aspera tactu,
Lucr. 6, 1150; cf. Verg. G. 3, 508; Ov. M. 7, 556; Luc. 4, 325:mixta aspera levibus,
Lucr. 2, 471:in locis (spectatur) plani an montuosi, leves an asperi,
Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36: Quid judicant sensus? dulce, amarum;lene, asperum,
id. Fin. 2, 12, 36:tumulus asperi (sc. saxibus) soli,
Liv. 25, 36: saxa, Enn. ap. Cic. Pis. 19; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; Pac. ap. Mar. Vict. p. 2522 P.; Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Lucr. 4, 147; Ov. M. 6, 76; cf.Leucas,
Luc. 1, 42:loca,
Caes. B. C. 3, 42, and Vulg. Act. 27, 29:viae asperae,
ib. Bar. 4, 26:vallis aspera,
ib. Deut. 21, 4 et saep.: unda, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:glacies,
Verg. E. 10, 49:hiems,
Ov. M. 11, 490; Claud. ap. Prob. Cons. 270: Phasis, i. e. frozen, ice-bound, Prob. ap. Rufin. I. 375;and of climate: aspera caelo Germania,
harsh, severe, Tac. G. 2: arteria. the windpipe (v. arteria), Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; Cels. 4, 1.—Of raised work (i. e. bas-relief, etc., as being rough), as in Gr. trachus (cf. exaspero):aspera signis Pocula,
Verg. A. 9, 263:Cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis,
id. ib. 5, 267:signis exstantibus asper Antiquus crater,
Ov. M. 12, 235 (cf.:stantem extra pocula caprum,
Juv. 1, 76):Summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,
Ov. M. 13, 701:aspera pocula,
Prop. 2, 6, 17:ebur,
Sen. Hippol. 899:balteus,
Val. Fl. 5, 578:cingula bacis,
Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 89; cf. Drak. ad Sil. 11, 279:nummus,
not worn smooth, new, Suet. Ner. 44; cf. Sen. Ep. 19:mare,
agitated by a storm, rough, tempestuous, Liv. 37, 16.—Of things that have a rough, thorny, prickly exterior:barba,
Tib. 1, 8, 32:sentes,
Verg. A. 2, 379:rubus,
id. E. 3, 89:mucro,
Luc. 7, 139 (cf. Tac. A. 15, 54: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit; v. aspero).—Meton., of food: He. Asper meus victus sanest. Er. Sentisne essitas? He. My fare is very rough. Er. Do you feed on brambles? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 85; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 37; also of a cough producing hoarseness:3.quas (fauces) aspera vexat Assidue tussis,
Mart. 11, 86, 1.—Subst.: aspĕrum, i, n., an uneven, rough place:II.latens in asperis radix,
Hor. Epod. 5, 67:aspera maris,
Tac. A. 4, 6:propter aspera et confragosa,
Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53:per aspera et devia,
Suet. Tib. 60:erunt aspera in vias planas,
Vulg. Isa. 40, 4; ib. Luc. 3, 5.—Also in the sup. absol.:asperrimo hiemis Ticinum usque progressus,
Tac. A. 3, 5.—Transf.1.Of taste, rough, harsh, sour, bitter, brackish, acrid, pungent:2.asperum, Pater, hoc (vinum) est: aliud lenius, sodes, vide,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49:asper sapor maris,
Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222: allium asperi saporis;quo plures nuclei fuere, hoc est asperius,
id. 19, 6, 34, § 111:asperrimum piper,
id. 12, 7, 14, § 27:acetum quam asperrimum,
id. 20, 9, 39, § 97.—Of sound, rough, harsh, grating, etc.:3. III.(pronuntiationis genus) lene, asperum,
Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.—Hence a poet. epithet of the letter R ( also called littera canina), Ov. F. 5, 481.—In rhetoric, rough, rugged, irregular: quidam praefractam et asperam compositionem probant;virilem putant et fortem, quae aurem inaequalitate percutiat,
Sen. Ep. 114; cf. Cic. Or. 16, 53:duram potius atque asperam compositionem malim esse quam effeminatam et enervem,
Quint. 9, 4, 142. And in gram., spiritus asper, the h sound, the aspirate, Prisc. p. 572 P.—Trop.A.a.. Of moral qualities, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, rude (cf.: acerbus, acer, and Wagner ad Verg. A. 1, 14):b.quos naturā putes asperos atque omnibus iniquos,
Cic. Planc. 16, 40:orator truculentus, asper, maledicus,
id. Brut. 34, 129:aspera Juno,
Verg. A. 1, 279:juvenis monitoribus asper,
Hor. A. P. 163:patres vestros, asperrimos illos ad condicionem pacis,
Liv. 22, 59; cf. id. 2, 27:rebus non asper egenis,
Verg. A. 8, 365:cladibus asper,
exasperated, Ov. M. 14, 485:asperaque est illi difficilisque Venus,
unfriendly, Tib. 1, 9, 20; cf. id. 1, 6, 2:(Galatea) acrior igni, Asperior tribulis, fetā truculentior ursā,
Ov. M. 13, 803:Quam aspera est nimium sapientia indoctis hominibus,
Vulg. Eccli. 6, 21:asper contemptor divom Mezentius,
Verg. A. 7, 647:aspera Pholoe,
coy, Hor. C. 1, 33, 6.—Of a harsh, austere, rigid view of life, or manner of living:accessit istuc doctrina (sc. Stoicorum) non moderata nec mitis, sed paulo asperior et durior quam aut veritas aut natura patiatur,
Cic. Mur. 29:(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores et oratione et verbis,
id. Fin. 4, 28, 78 (v. asperitas, II. A.):(Cato) asperi animi et linguae acerbae et immodice liberae fuit, sed rigidae innocentiae,
Liv. 39, 40:(Karthago) studiis asperrima belli,
Verg. A. 1, 14, ubi v. Wagner:Camilla aspera,
id. ib. 11, 664; cf.:gens laboribus et bellis asperrima,
Just. 2, 3:virgo aspera,
i. e. Diana, Sen. Med. 87.—Of animals, wild, savage, fierce:B.(anguis) asper siti atque exterritus aestu,
Verg. G. 3, 434:bos aspera cornu, i. e. minax,
id. ib. 3, 57; cf. Hor. Epod. 6, 11:ille (lupus) asper Saevit,
Verg. A. 9, 62:lupus dulcedine sanguinis asper,
Ov. M. 11, 402:ille (leo) asper retro redit,
Verg. A. 9, 794:tigris aspera,
Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 2, 10:(equus) asper frena pati,
Sil. 3, 387.—Of things, rough, harsh, troublesome, adverse, calamitous, cruel, etc. (most freq. in the poets):a.in periculis et asperis temporibus,
Cic. Balb. 9: qui labores, pericula, dubias atque asperas res facile toleraverant, Sall. C. 10, 2: mala res, spes multo asperior, ( our) circumstances are bad, ( our) prospects still worse, id. ib. 20, 13:venatus,
Verg. A. 8, 318:bellum,
Sall. J. 48, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:pugna,
Verg. A. 11, 635; 12, 124:fata,
id. ib. 6, 882:odia,
id. ib. 2, 96.— Absol.:multa aspera,
Prop. 1, 18, 13; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 21 al.—Of discourse, severe, abusive:asperioribus facetiis perstringere aliquem,
Cic. Planc. 14; Tac. A. 15, 68:verba,
Tib. 4, 4, 14; Ov. P. 2, 6, 8; Vulg. Psa. 90, 3:vox,
Curt. 7, 1.— Adv.Old form asperĭter, roughly, harshly: cubare, Naev. ap. Non. p. 513, 21; Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—b. 1.Transf.:2.loqui,
Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; Quint. 6, 5, 5:dicere,
id. 2, 8, 15:syllabae aspere coëuntes,
id. 1, 1, 37.—Trop.:2.aspere accipere aliquid,
Tac. A. 4, 31:aspere et acerbe accusare aliquem,
Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 6:aspere agere aliquid,
Liv. 3, 50:aspere et ferociter et libere dicta,
Cic. Planc. 13, 33; Quint. 6, 3, 28:aspere et vehementer loqui,
Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227: ne quid aspere loquaris, * Vulg. Gen. 31, 24.— Comp.:asperius loqui aliquid,
Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227:asperius scribere de aliquo,
id. Att. 9, 15.— Sup.:asperrime loqui in aliquem,
Cic. Att. 2, 22, 5:asperrime pati aliquid,
Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 1:asperrime saevire in aliquem,
Vell. 2, 7.Asper, eri, m.I.A cognomen of L. Trebonius:II.L. Trebonius... insectandis patribus, unde Aspero etiam inditum est cognomen, tribunatum gessit,
Liv. 3, 65, 4. —Asper, Aspri (Prob. p. 201 Keil), m., a Latin grammarian, two of whose treatises have come down to us; v. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 474, 4. -
79 asper
1.asper, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. (aspra = aspera, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299, but Vahl. ad Enn. p. 166 reads spissa instead of aspra:I.aspris = asperis,
Verg. A. 2, 379;aspro = aspero,
Pall. Insit. 67) [etym. dub.; Doed. foll. by Hinter connects it with aspairô, to struggle, to resist; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 593, regards asper (i. e. ab spe) as the proper opposite of prosper (i. e. pro spe); thus asper originally meant hopeless, desperate; v. also id. ib. II. p. 870; cf. the use of res asperae as the opposite of res prosperae]; as affecting the sense of touch, rough, uneven (opp. lēvis or lenis; syn.: scaber, acutus, insuavis, acerbus, amarus, mordax, durus).1.. Lit.:2.lingua aspera tactu,
Lucr. 6, 1150; cf. Verg. G. 3, 508; Ov. M. 7, 556; Luc. 4, 325:mixta aspera levibus,
Lucr. 2, 471:in locis (spectatur) plani an montuosi, leves an asperi,
Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36: Quid judicant sensus? dulce, amarum;lene, asperum,
id. Fin. 2, 12, 36:tumulus asperi (sc. saxibus) soli,
Liv. 25, 36: saxa, Enn. ap. Cic. Pis. 19; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; Pac. ap. Mar. Vict. p. 2522 P.; Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Lucr. 4, 147; Ov. M. 6, 76; cf.Leucas,
Luc. 1, 42:loca,
Caes. B. C. 3, 42, and Vulg. Act. 27, 29:viae asperae,
ib. Bar. 4, 26:vallis aspera,
ib. Deut. 21, 4 et saep.: unda, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:glacies,
Verg. E. 10, 49:hiems,
Ov. M. 11, 490; Claud. ap. Prob. Cons. 270: Phasis, i. e. frozen, ice-bound, Prob. ap. Rufin. I. 375;and of climate: aspera caelo Germania,
harsh, severe, Tac. G. 2: arteria. the windpipe (v. arteria), Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; Cels. 4, 1.—Of raised work (i. e. bas-relief, etc., as being rough), as in Gr. trachus (cf. exaspero):aspera signis Pocula,
Verg. A. 9, 263:Cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis,
id. ib. 5, 267:signis exstantibus asper Antiquus crater,
Ov. M. 12, 235 (cf.:stantem extra pocula caprum,
Juv. 1, 76):Summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,
Ov. M. 13, 701:aspera pocula,
Prop. 2, 6, 17:ebur,
Sen. Hippol. 899:balteus,
Val. Fl. 5, 578:cingula bacis,
Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 89; cf. Drak. ad Sil. 11, 279:nummus,
not worn smooth, new, Suet. Ner. 44; cf. Sen. Ep. 19:mare,
agitated by a storm, rough, tempestuous, Liv. 37, 16.—Of things that have a rough, thorny, prickly exterior:barba,
Tib. 1, 8, 32:sentes,
Verg. A. 2, 379:rubus,
id. E. 3, 89:mucro,
Luc. 7, 139 (cf. Tac. A. 15, 54: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit; v. aspero).—Meton., of food: He. Asper meus victus sanest. Er. Sentisne essitas? He. My fare is very rough. Er. Do you feed on brambles? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 85; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 37; also of a cough producing hoarseness:3.quas (fauces) aspera vexat Assidue tussis,
Mart. 11, 86, 1.—Subst.: aspĕrum, i, n., an uneven, rough place:II.latens in asperis radix,
Hor. Epod. 5, 67:aspera maris,
Tac. A. 4, 6:propter aspera et confragosa,
Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53:per aspera et devia,
Suet. Tib. 60:erunt aspera in vias planas,
Vulg. Isa. 40, 4; ib. Luc. 3, 5.—Also in the sup. absol.:asperrimo hiemis Ticinum usque progressus,
Tac. A. 3, 5.—Transf.1.Of taste, rough, harsh, sour, bitter, brackish, acrid, pungent:2.asperum, Pater, hoc (vinum) est: aliud lenius, sodes, vide,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49:asper sapor maris,
Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222: allium asperi saporis;quo plures nuclei fuere, hoc est asperius,
id. 19, 6, 34, § 111:asperrimum piper,
id. 12, 7, 14, § 27:acetum quam asperrimum,
id. 20, 9, 39, § 97.—Of sound, rough, harsh, grating, etc.:3. III.(pronuntiationis genus) lene, asperum,
Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.—Hence a poet. epithet of the letter R ( also called littera canina), Ov. F. 5, 481.—In rhetoric, rough, rugged, irregular: quidam praefractam et asperam compositionem probant;virilem putant et fortem, quae aurem inaequalitate percutiat,
Sen. Ep. 114; cf. Cic. Or. 16, 53:duram potius atque asperam compositionem malim esse quam effeminatam et enervem,
Quint. 9, 4, 142. And in gram., spiritus asper, the h sound, the aspirate, Prisc. p. 572 P.—Trop.A.a.. Of moral qualities, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, rude (cf.: acerbus, acer, and Wagner ad Verg. A. 1, 14):b.quos naturā putes asperos atque omnibus iniquos,
Cic. Planc. 16, 40:orator truculentus, asper, maledicus,
id. Brut. 34, 129:aspera Juno,
Verg. A. 1, 279:juvenis monitoribus asper,
Hor. A. P. 163:patres vestros, asperrimos illos ad condicionem pacis,
Liv. 22, 59; cf. id. 2, 27:rebus non asper egenis,
Verg. A. 8, 365:cladibus asper,
exasperated, Ov. M. 14, 485:asperaque est illi difficilisque Venus,
unfriendly, Tib. 1, 9, 20; cf. id. 1, 6, 2:(Galatea) acrior igni, Asperior tribulis, fetā truculentior ursā,
Ov. M. 13, 803:Quam aspera est nimium sapientia indoctis hominibus,
Vulg. Eccli. 6, 21:asper contemptor divom Mezentius,
Verg. A. 7, 647:aspera Pholoe,
coy, Hor. C. 1, 33, 6.—Of a harsh, austere, rigid view of life, or manner of living:accessit istuc doctrina (sc. Stoicorum) non moderata nec mitis, sed paulo asperior et durior quam aut veritas aut natura patiatur,
Cic. Mur. 29:(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores et oratione et verbis,
id. Fin. 4, 28, 78 (v. asperitas, II. A.):(Cato) asperi animi et linguae acerbae et immodice liberae fuit, sed rigidae innocentiae,
Liv. 39, 40:(Karthago) studiis asperrima belli,
Verg. A. 1, 14, ubi v. Wagner:Camilla aspera,
id. ib. 11, 664; cf.:gens laboribus et bellis asperrima,
Just. 2, 3:virgo aspera,
i. e. Diana, Sen. Med. 87.—Of animals, wild, savage, fierce:B.(anguis) asper siti atque exterritus aestu,
Verg. G. 3, 434:bos aspera cornu, i. e. minax,
id. ib. 3, 57; cf. Hor. Epod. 6, 11:ille (lupus) asper Saevit,
Verg. A. 9, 62:lupus dulcedine sanguinis asper,
Ov. M. 11, 402:ille (leo) asper retro redit,
Verg. A. 9, 794:tigris aspera,
Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 2, 10:(equus) asper frena pati,
Sil. 3, 387.—Of things, rough, harsh, troublesome, adverse, calamitous, cruel, etc. (most freq. in the poets):a.in periculis et asperis temporibus,
Cic. Balb. 9: qui labores, pericula, dubias atque asperas res facile toleraverant, Sall. C. 10, 2: mala res, spes multo asperior, ( our) circumstances are bad, ( our) prospects still worse, id. ib. 20, 13:venatus,
Verg. A. 8, 318:bellum,
Sall. J. 48, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:pugna,
Verg. A. 11, 635; 12, 124:fata,
id. ib. 6, 882:odia,
id. ib. 2, 96.— Absol.:multa aspera,
Prop. 1, 18, 13; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 21 al.—Of discourse, severe, abusive:asperioribus facetiis perstringere aliquem,
Cic. Planc. 14; Tac. A. 15, 68:verba,
Tib. 4, 4, 14; Ov. P. 2, 6, 8; Vulg. Psa. 90, 3:vox,
Curt. 7, 1.— Adv.Old form asperĭter, roughly, harshly: cubare, Naev. ap. Non. p. 513, 21; Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—b. 1.Transf.:2.loqui,
Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; Quint. 6, 5, 5:dicere,
id. 2, 8, 15:syllabae aspere coëuntes,
id. 1, 1, 37.—Trop.:2.aspere accipere aliquid,
Tac. A. 4, 31:aspere et acerbe accusare aliquem,
Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 6:aspere agere aliquid,
Liv. 3, 50:aspere et ferociter et libere dicta,
Cic. Planc. 13, 33; Quint. 6, 3, 28:aspere et vehementer loqui,
Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227: ne quid aspere loquaris, * Vulg. Gen. 31, 24.— Comp.:asperius loqui aliquid,
Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227:asperius scribere de aliquo,
id. Att. 9, 15.— Sup.:asperrime loqui in aliquem,
Cic. Att. 2, 22, 5:asperrime pati aliquid,
Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 1:asperrime saevire in aliquem,
Vell. 2, 7.Asper, eri, m.I.A cognomen of L. Trebonius:II.L. Trebonius... insectandis patribus, unde Aspero etiam inditum est cognomen, tribunatum gessit,
Liv. 3, 65, 4. —Asper, Aspri (Prob. p. 201 Keil), m., a Latin grammarian, two of whose treatises have come down to us; v. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 474, 4. -
80 asperum
1.asper, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. (aspra = aspera, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299, but Vahl. ad Enn. p. 166 reads spissa instead of aspra:I.aspris = asperis,
Verg. A. 2, 379;aspro = aspero,
Pall. Insit. 67) [etym. dub.; Doed. foll. by Hinter connects it with aspairô, to struggle, to resist; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 593, regards asper (i. e. ab spe) as the proper opposite of prosper (i. e. pro spe); thus asper originally meant hopeless, desperate; v. also id. ib. II. p. 870; cf. the use of res asperae as the opposite of res prosperae]; as affecting the sense of touch, rough, uneven (opp. lēvis or lenis; syn.: scaber, acutus, insuavis, acerbus, amarus, mordax, durus).1.. Lit.:2.lingua aspera tactu,
Lucr. 6, 1150; cf. Verg. G. 3, 508; Ov. M. 7, 556; Luc. 4, 325:mixta aspera levibus,
Lucr. 2, 471:in locis (spectatur) plani an montuosi, leves an asperi,
Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36: Quid judicant sensus? dulce, amarum;lene, asperum,
id. Fin. 2, 12, 36:tumulus asperi (sc. saxibus) soli,
Liv. 25, 36: saxa, Enn. ap. Cic. Pis. 19; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; Pac. ap. Mar. Vict. p. 2522 P.; Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Lucr. 4, 147; Ov. M. 6, 76; cf.Leucas,
Luc. 1, 42:loca,
Caes. B. C. 3, 42, and Vulg. Act. 27, 29:viae asperae,
ib. Bar. 4, 26:vallis aspera,
ib. Deut. 21, 4 et saep.: unda, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:glacies,
Verg. E. 10, 49:hiems,
Ov. M. 11, 490; Claud. ap. Prob. Cons. 270: Phasis, i. e. frozen, ice-bound, Prob. ap. Rufin. I. 375;and of climate: aspera caelo Germania,
harsh, severe, Tac. G. 2: arteria. the windpipe (v. arteria), Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; Cels. 4, 1.—Of raised work (i. e. bas-relief, etc., as being rough), as in Gr. trachus (cf. exaspero):aspera signis Pocula,
Verg. A. 9, 263:Cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis,
id. ib. 5, 267:signis exstantibus asper Antiquus crater,
Ov. M. 12, 235 (cf.:stantem extra pocula caprum,
Juv. 1, 76):Summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,
Ov. M. 13, 701:aspera pocula,
Prop. 2, 6, 17:ebur,
Sen. Hippol. 899:balteus,
Val. Fl. 5, 578:cingula bacis,
Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 89; cf. Drak. ad Sil. 11, 279:nummus,
not worn smooth, new, Suet. Ner. 44; cf. Sen. Ep. 19:mare,
agitated by a storm, rough, tempestuous, Liv. 37, 16.—Of things that have a rough, thorny, prickly exterior:barba,
Tib. 1, 8, 32:sentes,
Verg. A. 2, 379:rubus,
id. E. 3, 89:mucro,
Luc. 7, 139 (cf. Tac. A. 15, 54: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit; v. aspero).—Meton., of food: He. Asper meus victus sanest. Er. Sentisne essitas? He. My fare is very rough. Er. Do you feed on brambles? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 85; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 37; also of a cough producing hoarseness:3.quas (fauces) aspera vexat Assidue tussis,
Mart. 11, 86, 1.—Subst.: aspĕrum, i, n., an uneven, rough place:II.latens in asperis radix,
Hor. Epod. 5, 67:aspera maris,
Tac. A. 4, 6:propter aspera et confragosa,
Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53:per aspera et devia,
Suet. Tib. 60:erunt aspera in vias planas,
Vulg. Isa. 40, 4; ib. Luc. 3, 5.—Also in the sup. absol.:asperrimo hiemis Ticinum usque progressus,
Tac. A. 3, 5.—Transf.1.Of taste, rough, harsh, sour, bitter, brackish, acrid, pungent:2.asperum, Pater, hoc (vinum) est: aliud lenius, sodes, vide,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49:asper sapor maris,
Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222: allium asperi saporis;quo plures nuclei fuere, hoc est asperius,
id. 19, 6, 34, § 111:asperrimum piper,
id. 12, 7, 14, § 27:acetum quam asperrimum,
id. 20, 9, 39, § 97.—Of sound, rough, harsh, grating, etc.:3. III.(pronuntiationis genus) lene, asperum,
Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.—Hence a poet. epithet of the letter R ( also called littera canina), Ov. F. 5, 481.—In rhetoric, rough, rugged, irregular: quidam praefractam et asperam compositionem probant;virilem putant et fortem, quae aurem inaequalitate percutiat,
Sen. Ep. 114; cf. Cic. Or. 16, 53:duram potius atque asperam compositionem malim esse quam effeminatam et enervem,
Quint. 9, 4, 142. And in gram., spiritus asper, the h sound, the aspirate, Prisc. p. 572 P.—Trop.A.a.. Of moral qualities, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, rude (cf.: acerbus, acer, and Wagner ad Verg. A. 1, 14):b.quos naturā putes asperos atque omnibus iniquos,
Cic. Planc. 16, 40:orator truculentus, asper, maledicus,
id. Brut. 34, 129:aspera Juno,
Verg. A. 1, 279:juvenis monitoribus asper,
Hor. A. P. 163:patres vestros, asperrimos illos ad condicionem pacis,
Liv. 22, 59; cf. id. 2, 27:rebus non asper egenis,
Verg. A. 8, 365:cladibus asper,
exasperated, Ov. M. 14, 485:asperaque est illi difficilisque Venus,
unfriendly, Tib. 1, 9, 20; cf. id. 1, 6, 2:(Galatea) acrior igni, Asperior tribulis, fetā truculentior ursā,
Ov. M. 13, 803:Quam aspera est nimium sapientia indoctis hominibus,
Vulg. Eccli. 6, 21:asper contemptor divom Mezentius,
Verg. A. 7, 647:aspera Pholoe,
coy, Hor. C. 1, 33, 6.—Of a harsh, austere, rigid view of life, or manner of living:accessit istuc doctrina (sc. Stoicorum) non moderata nec mitis, sed paulo asperior et durior quam aut veritas aut natura patiatur,
Cic. Mur. 29:(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores et oratione et verbis,
id. Fin. 4, 28, 78 (v. asperitas, II. A.):(Cato) asperi animi et linguae acerbae et immodice liberae fuit, sed rigidae innocentiae,
Liv. 39, 40:(Karthago) studiis asperrima belli,
Verg. A. 1, 14, ubi v. Wagner:Camilla aspera,
id. ib. 11, 664; cf.:gens laboribus et bellis asperrima,
Just. 2, 3:virgo aspera,
i. e. Diana, Sen. Med. 87.—Of animals, wild, savage, fierce:B.(anguis) asper siti atque exterritus aestu,
Verg. G. 3, 434:bos aspera cornu, i. e. minax,
id. ib. 3, 57; cf. Hor. Epod. 6, 11:ille (lupus) asper Saevit,
Verg. A. 9, 62:lupus dulcedine sanguinis asper,
Ov. M. 11, 402:ille (leo) asper retro redit,
Verg. A. 9, 794:tigris aspera,
Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 2, 10:(equus) asper frena pati,
Sil. 3, 387.—Of things, rough, harsh, troublesome, adverse, calamitous, cruel, etc. (most freq. in the poets):a.in periculis et asperis temporibus,
Cic. Balb. 9: qui labores, pericula, dubias atque asperas res facile toleraverant, Sall. C. 10, 2: mala res, spes multo asperior, ( our) circumstances are bad, ( our) prospects still worse, id. ib. 20, 13:venatus,
Verg. A. 8, 318:bellum,
Sall. J. 48, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:pugna,
Verg. A. 11, 635; 12, 124:fata,
id. ib. 6, 882:odia,
id. ib. 2, 96.— Absol.:multa aspera,
Prop. 1, 18, 13; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 21 al.—Of discourse, severe, abusive:asperioribus facetiis perstringere aliquem,
Cic. Planc. 14; Tac. A. 15, 68:verba,
Tib. 4, 4, 14; Ov. P. 2, 6, 8; Vulg. Psa. 90, 3:vox,
Curt. 7, 1.— Adv.Old form asperĭter, roughly, harshly: cubare, Naev. ap. Non. p. 513, 21; Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—b. 1.Transf.:2.loqui,
Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; Quint. 6, 5, 5:dicere,
id. 2, 8, 15:syllabae aspere coëuntes,
id. 1, 1, 37.—Trop.:2.aspere accipere aliquid,
Tac. A. 4, 31:aspere et acerbe accusare aliquem,
Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 6:aspere agere aliquid,
Liv. 3, 50:aspere et ferociter et libere dicta,
Cic. Planc. 13, 33; Quint. 6, 3, 28:aspere et vehementer loqui,
Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227: ne quid aspere loquaris, * Vulg. Gen. 31, 24.— Comp.:asperius loqui aliquid,
Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227:asperius scribere de aliquo,
id. Att. 9, 15.— Sup.:asperrime loqui in aliquem,
Cic. Att. 2, 22, 5:asperrime pati aliquid,
Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 1:asperrime saevire in aliquem,
Vell. 2, 7.Asper, eri, m.I.A cognomen of L. Trebonius:II.L. Trebonius... insectandis patribus, unde Aspero etiam inditum est cognomen, tribunatum gessit,
Liv. 3, 65, 4. —Asper, Aspri (Prob. p. 201 Keil), m., a Latin grammarian, two of whose treatises have come down to us; v. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 474, 4.
См. также в других словарях:
sévère — [ sevɛr ] adj. • fin XIIe; lat. severus 1 ♦ (Personnes) Qui n admet pas qu on manque à la règle; prompt à punir ou à blâmer. ⇒ dur, exigeant, strict, fam. vache. Des parents sévères. Le juge s est montré très sévère. ⇒ impitoyable. « elle était… … Encyclopédie Universelle
Severe — Sévère (chanteuse) Sévère est une rappeuse française d origine congolaise, née le 10 février 1982 à Strasbourg. Sommaire 1 Son d la rue Meufia 2 Parcours 3 Notes … Wikipédia en Français
severe — severe, stern, austere, ascetic can all mean given to or characterized by strict discipline and firm restraint. Severe is applicable to persons and their looks, acts, thoughts, and utterances or to things (as laws, penalties, judgments, and… … New Dictionary of Synonyms
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severe — SEVERE. adj. de t. g. Rigide, qui exige une extreme regularité, & pardonne peu ou point. Un Prince severe. Juge severe. severe censeur. ce pere est trop severe envers ses enfans. Il se dit aussi des choses. Vertu severe. punition severe. il fit… … Dictionnaire de l'Académie française
severe — [sə vir′] adj. severer, severest [< MFr < OFr < L severus, prob. < se , apart (see SECEDE) + IE base * wer , (to be) friendly > OE wær, faith, pledge, bond (of friendship)] 1. harsh, strict, or highly critical, as in treatment;… … English World dictionary
severe — I adjective acrimonious, afflictive, agonizing, astringent, austere, austerus, bearish, brutal, censorious, churlish, coercive, cold, condemnatory, critical, cruel, despotic, difficult, domineering, dour, drastic, durus, exacting, excruciating,… … Law dictionary
Sévère — Ancien nom de baptême correspondant au latin Severus (= sérieux, sévère), popularisé par un empereur romain, puis par divers saints … Noms de famille
severe — 1540s, from Fr. sévère, from L. severus (see SEVERITY (Cf. severity)) … Etymology dictionary
severe — [adj1] uncompromising, stern astringent, austere, biting, caustic, close, cold, cruel, cutting, disapproving, dour, earnest, firm, flinty, forbidding, grave, grim, hard, hardnosed*, harsh, inconsiderate, inexorable, inflexible, iron handed,… … New thesaurus
severe — ► ADJECTIVE 1) (of something bad, undesirable, or difficult) very great; intense. 2) strict or harsh. 3) very plain in style or appearance. DERIVATIVES severely adverb severity noun. ORIGIN Latin severus … English terms dictionary
