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21 жёсткая конструкция
1) Engineering: braced structure (со связями жёсткости), rigid design2) Construction: bracing structure, rigid construction3) Railway term: robust construction4) Automobile industry: massive design, rigid structure (каркаса, рамы, фермы)5) Architecture: braced structure (конструкция со связями жесткости)6) Oil: rigid structure7) Astronautics: hard structure, rigid framework8) Drilling: girder construction9) Makarov: stiff structureУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > жёсткая конструкция
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22 Cousteau, Jacques-Yves
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. 11 June 1910 Saint-André-de-Cubzac, France[br]French marine explorer who invented the aqualung.[br]He was the son of a country lawyer who became legal advisor and travelling companion to certain rich Americans. At an early age Cousteau acquired a love of travel, of the sea and of cinematography: he made his first film at the age of 13. After an interrupted education he nevertheless passed the difficult entrance examination to the Ecole Navale in Brest, but his naval career was cut short in 1936 by injuries received in a serious motor accident. For his long recuperation he was drafted to Toulon. There he met Philippe Tailliez, a fellow naval officer, and Frédéric Dumas, a champion spearfisher, with whom he formed a long association and began to develop his underwater swimming and photography. He apparently took little part in the Second World War, but under cover he applied his photographic skills to espionage, for which he was awarded the Légion d'honneur after the war.Cousteau sought greater freedom of movement underwater and, with Emile Gagnan, who worked in the laboratory of Air Liquide, he began experimenting to improve portable underwater breathing apparatus. As a result, in 1943 they invented the aqualung. Its simple design and robust construction provided a reliable and low-cost unit and revolutionized scientific and recreational diving. Gagnan shunned publicity, but Cousteau revelled in the new freedom to explore and photograph underwater and exploited the publicity potential to the full.The Undersea Research Group was set up by the French Navy in 1944 and, based in Toulon, it provided Cousteau with the Opportunity to develop underwater exploration and filming techniques and equipment. Its first aims were minesweeping and exploration, but in 1948 Cousteau pioneered an extension to marine archaeology. In 1950 he raised the funds to acquire a surplus US-built minesweeper, which he fitted out to further his quest for exploration and adventure and named Calypso. Cousteau also sought and achieved public acclaim with the publication in 1953 of The Silent World, an account of his submarine observations, illustrated by his own brilliant photography. The book was an immediate success and was translated into twenty-two languages. In 1955 Calypso sailed through the Red Sea and the western Indian Ocean, and the outcome was a film bearing the same title as the book: it won an Oscar and the Palme d'Or at the Cannes film festival. This was his favoured medium for the expression of his ideas and observations, and a stream of films on the same theme kept his name before the public.Cousteau's fame earned him appointment by Prince Rainier as Director of the Oceanographie Institute in Monaco in 1957, a post he held until 1988. With its museum and research centre, it offered Cousteau a useful base for his worldwide activities.In the 1980s Cousteau turned again to technological development. Like others before him, he was concerned to reduce ships' fuel consumption by harnessing wind power. True to form, he raised grants from various sources to fund research and enlisted technical help, namely Lucien Malavard, Professor of Aerodynamics at the Sorbonne. Malavard designed a 44 ft (13.4 m) high non-rotating cylinder, which was fitted onto a catamaran hull, christened Moulin à vent. It was intended that its maiden Atlantic crossing in 1983 should herald a new age in ship propulsion, with large royalties to Cousteau. Unfortunately the vessel was damaged in a storm and limped to the USA under diesel power. A more robust vessel, the Alcyone, was fitted with two "Turbosails" in 1985 and proved successful, with a 40 per cent reduction in fuel consumption. However, oil prices fell, removing the incentive to fit the new device; the lucrative sales did not materialize and Alcyone remained the only vessel with Turbosails, sharing with Calypso Cousteau's voyages of adventure and exploration. In September 1995, Cousteau was among the critics of the decision by the French President Jacques Chirac to resume testing of nuclear explosive devices under the Mururoa atoll in the South Pacific.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsLégion d'honneur. Croix de Guerre with Palm. Officier du Mérite Maritime and numerous scientific and artistic awards listed in such directories as Who's Who.Bibliography1953, The Silent World.1972, The Ocean World of Jacques Cousteau, 21 vols.Further ReadingR.Munson, 1991, Cousteau, the Captain and His World, London: Robert Hale (published in the USA 1989).LRD -
23 жёсткая конструкция
rigid structure, robust constructionРусско-английский автомобильный словарь > жёсткая конструкция
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24 прочная конструкция
Прочная конструкция-- The probes were of a simple robust construction, with a small cross section to minimize flow disturbance.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > прочная конструкция
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25 Ramsbottom, John
[br]b. 11 September 1814 Todmorden, Lancashire, Englandd. 20 May 1897 Alderley Edge, Cheshire, England[br]English railway engineer, inventor of the reversing rolling mill.[br]Ramsbottom's initial experience was gained at the locomotive manufacturers Sharp, Roberts \& Co. At the age of 28 he was Manager of the Longsight works of the Manchester \& Birmingham Railway, which, with other lines, became part of the London \& North Western Railway (L \& NWR) in 1846. Ramsbottom was appointed Locomotive Superintendent of its north-eastern division. Soon after 1850 came his first major invention, that of the split-ring piston, consisting of castiron rings fitted round the piston to ensure a steam-tight fit in the cylinder. This proved to be successful, with a worldwide application. In 1856 he introduced sight-feed lubrication and the form of safety valve that bears his name. In 1857 he became Locomotive Superintendent of the L \& NWR at Crewe, producing two notable classes of locomotives: 2–4–0s for passenger traffic; and 0–6–0s for goods. They were of straightforward design and robust construction, and ran successfully for many years. His most spectacular railway invention was the water trough between the rails which enabled locomotives to replenish their water tanks without stopping.As part of his policy of making Crewe works as independent as possible, Ramsbottom made several metallurgical innovations. He installed one of the earliest Bessemer converters for steelmaking. More important, in 1866 he coupled the engine part of a railway engine to a two-high rolling mill so that the rolls could be run in either direction, and quickly change direction, by means of the standard railway link reversing gear. This greatly speeded up the rolling of iron or steel into the required sections. He eventually retired in 1871.[br]Further ReadingJ.N.Weatwood, 1977, Locomotive Designers in the Age of Steam, London: Sidgwick \& Jackson, pp. 43–7.W.K.V.Gale, 1969, Iron and Steel, London: Longmans, p. 80 (provides brief details of his reversing mill).F.C.Hammerton, 1937, John Ramsbottom, the Father of the Modern Locomotive,London.LRD -
26 Sellers, William
SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering[br]b. 19 September 1824 Upper Darby, Pennsylvania, USAd. 24 January 1905 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA[br]American mechanical engineer and inventor.[br]William Sellers was educated at a private school that had been established by his father and other relatives for their children, and at the age of 14 he was apprenticed for seven years to the machinist's trade with his uncle. At the end of his apprenticeship in 1845 he took charge of the machine shop of Fairbanks, Bancroft \& Co. in Providence, Rhode Island. In 1848 he established his own factory manufacturing machine tools and mill gearing in Philadelphia, where he was soon joined by Edward Bancroft, the firm becoming Bancroft \& Sellers. After Bancroft's death the name was changed in 1856 to William Sellers \& Co. and Sellers served as President until the end of his life. His machine tools were characterized by their robust construction and absence of decorative embellishments. In 1868 he formed the Edgemoor Iron Company, of which he was President. This company supplied the structural ironwork for the Centennial Exhibition buildings and much of the material for the Brooklyn Bridge. In 1873 he reorganized the William Butcher Steel Works, renaming it the Midvale Steel Company, and under his presidency it became a leader in the production of heavy ordnance. It was at the Midvale Steel Company that Frederick W. Taylor began, with the encouragement of Sellers, his experiments on cutting tools.In 1860 Sellers obtained the American rights of the patent for the Giffard injector for feeding steam boilers. He later invented his own improvements to the injector, which numbered among his many other patents, most of which related to machine tools. Probably Sellers's most important contribution to the engineering industry was his proposal for a system of screw threads made in 1864 and later adopted as the American national standard.Sellers was a founder member in 1880 of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and was also a member of many other learned societies in America and other countries, including, in Britain, the Institution of Mechanical Engineers and the Iron and Steel Institute.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsChevalier de la Légion d'honneur 1889. President, Franklin Institute 1864–7.Further ReadingJ.W.Roe, 1916, English and American Tool Builders, New Haven; reprinted 1926, New York, and 1987, Bradley, Ill. (describes Sellers's work on machine tools).Bruce Sinclair, 1969, "At the turn of a screw: William Sellers, the Franklin Institute, and a standard American thread", Technology and Culture 10:20–34 (describes his work on screw threads).RTS -
27 sturdy
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28 solide
1. sɔlid adj1) fest, stark, kräftig2) ( durable) dauerhaft3) ( résistant) widerstandsfähig4) (fig: sérieux) solide5) ( sûr) sicher, gefahrlos6) ( stable) stabil, robust
2. mPHYS Festkörper msolidesolide [sɔlid]I Adjectif3 connaissances fundiert; amitié unerschütterlich; source, base zuverlässig; position gesichert; Beispiel: être doué d'un solide bon sens einen gesunden Menschenverstand haben4 (robuste, vigoureux) kräftig; Beispiel: ne pas être très solide sur ses jambes nicht ganz sicher auf den Beinen sein1 géométrie, physique [geometrischer] Körper2 (aliments) Beispiel: du solide feste Nahrung; Beispiel: ne pas pouvoir encore manger de solide noch keine feste Nahrung zu sich nehmen können -
29 solido
solid( robusto) sturdy* * *solido agg.1 (fis., mat.) solid: (fis.) corpi solidi, solid bodies; (mat.) angolo solido, solid angle // rifiuti solidi urbani, solid (household) waste2 ( stabile) solid, stable: costruzione solida, solid construction; fondamenta solide, solid foundations; governo solido, (estens.) stable government3 ( di colori) fast4 (fig.) ( saldo) sound: argomento solido, sound argument; reputazione solida, sound reputation; una persona con una solida cultura, a person with a broad culture; una solida posizione economica, a sound economic position◆ s.m.1 (fis., mat.) solid: (fis.) i solidi e i liquidi, solids and liquids; (mat.) il cubo è un solido, a cube is a solid2 (dir.) in solido, jointly and severally: obbligarsi in solido, to bind oneself jointly and severally.* * *['sɔlido] solido (-a)1. agg1) (non liquido) solid2) (robusto: oggetto, muscoli, fede) firm, strong, (gambe, muri) sturdy, sound, (nervi, salute) sound, strong, (amicizia, matrimonio) sound, solid, (società) reliable, sound2. smMat solid* * *['sɔlido] 1.1) [corpo, alimento, combustibile, figura] solid2) (resistente) [muri, costruzione] solid, sound; [veicolo, scarpe] strong; [ fondamenta] firm, secure, sound; [ colore] fast; fig. [amicizia, unione] solid, strong, durable; [ argomento] solid, sound, strong3) (affidabile) [impresa, industria] firm, sound, reliable; [ economia] firm, robust; [ reputazione] sound4) in solido dir. [ obbligarsi] jointly and severally; [ creditori] joint and several2.sostantivo maschile mat. fis. solid* * *solido/'sɔlido/1 [corpo, alimento, combustibile, figura] solid; allo stato solido in a solid state2 (resistente) [muri, costruzione] solid, sound; [veicolo, scarpe] strong; [ fondamenta] firm, secure, sound; [ colore] fast; fig. [amicizia, unione] solid, strong, durable; [ argomento] solid, sound, strong; una -a base grammaticale a solid grounding in grammar; su -e basi on a firm footing3 (affidabile) [impresa, industria] firm, sound, reliable; [ economia] firm, robust; [ reputazione] soundmat. fis. solid. -
30 sturdy
1. n здоровый, крепкий человек; здоровяк2. a сильный, крепкий, здоровый3. a крепкий, прочный4. a стойкий, твёрдый5. n вет. вертячка6. n бот. плевел опьяняющийСинонимический ряд:1. resolute (adj.) determined; indomitable; persevering; resolute; unbeatable; unconquerable; unyielding2. robust (adj.) able-bodied; brawny; burly; hardy; muscular; powerful; robust; rugged; sinewy; stalwart; stout; strapping; strong; tenacious; tough3. sure (adj.) firm; secure; solid; sound; stable; substantial; sureАнтонимический ряд:debilitated; delicate; emaciated; enervated; feeble; flimsy; fragile; frail; infirm; weak -
31 rugged
1) (rocky; uneven: rugged mountains.) escabroso, accidentado2) (strong; tough: a rugged character; He had rugged good looks; He is tall and rugged.) tosco, rudo; robusto•- ruggedly- ruggedness
rugged adj escarpado / accidentadotr['rʌgɪd]1 (terrain) escabroso,-a, agreste; (mountain) escarpado,-a2 (features) duro,-arugged ['rʌgəd] adj1) rough, uneven: accidentado, escabrosorugged mountains: montañas accidentadas2) harsh: duro, severo3) robust, sturdy: robusto, fuertadj.• aspero, -a adj.• escabroso, -a adj.• montuoso, -a adj.• robusto, -a adj.• rudo, -a adj.• tosco, -a adj.• áspero, -a adj.n.• desgalgadero s.m.'rʌgəd, 'rʌgɪda) <rocks/coast> escarpado; < terrain> accidentado, escabrosob) ( tough) <construction/engine> fuerte, resistente; <conditions/existence> duroc) ( strong-featured) < face> de facciones durasd) ( unrefined) <manners/style> tosco, basto['rʌɡɪd]ADJ1) (=rough) [terrain, landscape] accidentado, escabroso; [coastline, mountains] escarpado2) (=strongly built, angular) [features] duro; [man] de rasgos duros3) (=tough) [personality, character] duro, áspero; [conditions] duro; [individualism] fuerte; [determination] inquebrantable4) (=unrefined) [manners, character] tosco, rudo5) (=durable) [machine, clothing] resistente; [construction] fuerte, resistente* * *['rʌgəd, 'rʌgɪd]a) <rocks/coast> escarpado; < terrain> accidentado, escabrosob) ( tough) <construction/engine> fuerte, resistente; <conditions/existence> duroc) ( strong-featured) < face> de facciones durasd) ( unrefined) <manners/style> tosco, basto -
32 Konstruktion
f <tech.allg> (Dimensionierung eines Tragwerks etc.) ■ structural designf <tech.allg> (als Disziplin) ■ design engineeringf <tech.allg> (Vorgang; z.B. rechnergestützt) ■ design effort; designf <tech.allg> (Konzeption, Entwurf) ■ design concept; designf <tech.allg> (allgemeine Bauart; technische Konzeption) ■ designf <tech.allg> (konstruktive Anordnung, Geometrie) ■ design configuration; design; layoutf <tech.allg> (physikalische Struktur, Gefüge) ■ structuref <tech.allg> (konkrete, physische, realisierte Bauweise) ■ constructionf <tech.allg> (Realisierung mit bestimmten Merkmalen; z.B. robust, ex-geschützt) ■ construction -
33 Bauweise
f <tech.allg> (Realisierung mit bestimmten Merkmalen; z.B. robust, ex-geschützt) ■ constructionf < bau> (Methode; z.B. Ortbeton, Lieferbeton, Fertigteilmontage etc.) ■ constructional method; construction method -
34 stevig
3 [geducht] 〈zie voorbeelden 3〉♦voorbeelden:een stevig ontbijt • a big breakfast2 een stevige boete • a heavy/stiff fineeen stevige eetlust • a hearty appetitehij drinkt een stevig glas wijn • he's fond of a glass of wineeen stevige hoofdpijn • a splitting headacheeen stevige prijs • a stiff priceeen stevige vent • a stocky felloween stevige werker • a good workerII 〈 bijvoeglijk naamwoord, bijwoord〉♦voorbeelden:een stevige constructie • a sturdy/solid constructionstevige schoenen • sturdy shoesstevig dicht • shut faststevig gebouwde huizen • houses of very solid constructiondie ladder staat niet stevig • that ladder is a bit wobblyeen wond stevig verbinden • strap up a woundiemand stevig de hand drukken • wring someone's handhou me stevig vast • hold me tighthou je stevig vast • hang on tightiemand stevig onder handen nemen • give someone a good talking towe moeten er stevig tegenaan gaan • we need to really buckle down to ithij is weer stevig aan het drinken • he's on another drinking-bout'm stevig om hebben • be sloshed -
35 прочная конструкция
•The unit is of robust (or rugged) construction (or design).
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > прочная конструкция
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36 прочный
•The supporting structure must have a secure foundation.
•A rigidly built saw-frame...
•The housing is covered with vulcanized rubber, leather-like in appearance, but much more durable.
•High-strength steels.
•The transmitter is a robust (or rugged) unit.
•The weld must be sound and free from cracks.
•At speeds and altitudes where only the staunchest materials will serve...
•This material is mechanically strong.
•Such systems must be rugged enough to withstand shocks.
•Sturdy latches, substantial handles...
•A stiff construction can be obtained by...
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > прочный
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37 жёсткий
1) General subject: as stiff as a poker, bristly, coarse, corny, crisp, crusty, demanding (график), flinty, hard (hard apple - жёсткое яблоко), hard and fast (о правилах), hard bitten, hard boiled, hard-bitten, hard-boiled, hard-edged (по характеру), harsh, inflexible, ironclad, leathery, rigid, rigorous, rough, rubber (о мясе), rubbery (о мясе), rude, sandpapery, severe, sinewed, sinewy, stiff, stiff as a poker, tinny (о колорите), tough, wiry (особ. о волосах), reedy, hard-charging, violent2) Biology: scleroid3) Naval: bony4) Medicine: callous, horny, strident (о дыхании), stridulous (о дыхании)6) Literal: nasty7) Engineering: abrasive, demanding (напр. о требованиях), dry (напр. о бетонной смеси), hard (напр. о воде), severe (напр. об условиях), strict (напр. о режиме), stringent (напр. о требованиях), textured, tough (напр. о режиме), unbending, unpliable, unyielding8) Bookish: obdurate10) Construction: flexurally, non-yielding11) Mathematics: nonslack (о неравенстве), stiff (differential equations)12) Railway term: churlish13) Accounting: astringent14) Automobile industry: non-deflecting, non-flexible15) Mining: nonyielding16) Diplomatic term: hard-nosed, peremptory, severe (о требованиях)17) Forestry: coriaceous18) Mythology: Procrustean22) Information technology: tight23) Oil: braced24) Astronautics: strict25) Cartography: stiff (характеристика грунтов на морских картах)26) Hydroelectric power stations: earth-moist28) Polymers: firm (о креплении), stiffened29) Automation: close (о допуске), positive (об упоре), robust, sturdy30) Robots: nondeflecting, rigid (о программе робота, не меняющейся в процессе работы)31) Cables: rigid (о конструкции, требованиях, графике), stiff (о конструкции), strict (о требованиях, графике), stringent (о требованиях, графике)32) Makarov: abrasive (о человеке), arduous (о режиме), callous (о коже, руках), choky, coarse (о мясе), dry (напр., о бетонной смеси), exacting (строгий), fixed, hard (о вакууме, об электровакуумном приборе), harsh (о бетоне, р-ре), harsh (о свете; резкий), harsh (о снимке; излишне контрастный), headstrong, high (о вакууме, об электровакуумном приборе), inflexible (о материале), intractable, nonslack, penetrating (об излучении), rigid (о конструкции), rigid (о материале), rigid (о требованиях), rigid (строгий), rigorous (строгий), severe (о режиме), severe (о режиме; строгий), severe (суровый), stern (суровый), stiff (о бетоне, р-ре), stiff (о конструкции), stiff (о материале), strict (строгий), strict (суровый), stringent (о допуске), strong (о фокусировке частиц в ускорителе), tough (о коже, мясе), tough (о режиме)33) Taboo: hard-ass, soft as a whore-lady's heart34) General subject: grained -
38 защищённый
2) Computers: secure4) Military: hardened, hardened (от воздействия ЯВ), radiation-hardened, robust, secure (от перехвата и дешифровки)5) Engineering: guarded6) Agriculture: sheltered (напр. об участке)7) Construction: stiffened8) Religion: championed9) Law: secured11) Architecture: unexposed12) Mining: entrenched, totally-enclosed (двигатель и т. п.)13) Oil: enclosed-type14) Business: immune16) Automation: (надёжно) proof17) Quality control: impervious18) Makarov: - proof (компонент сложных слов), insulated, lee, masked -
39 крепкий
1) General subject: Hogen Mogen (о спиртном напитке), a thick (clear) soup, able-bodied, affectionate, antitypous, beefy, burly, chopping, cordial, fast, firm, freck, fresh, full bodied, full-bodied (о вине), generous, gutsy, hale, hale and hearty, hard (hard drinks - крепкие спиртные напитки), heady, hearty, hearty (о строительном лесе), high proof, high-proof, holesome, huff cap, huff-cap (о напитке), humming, iron, knitted, lusty, macho, marrowy, pickproof (о замке), pight, potent (о спиртных напитках), racy, refractory (об организме), robust, robustious, rocky, rude (о здоровье), short (о напитке), solid, sound (о сне), stalwart, stiff (о напитке), stout, strong, stubbed, sturdy, sturdy (о выражениях, ругательствах), tenable, tenacious, toughish, trig, two fisted, vice-like (о рукопожатии), vicelike, wally, well knit, well set, well-knit, well-set, wiry, durable, stable, substantial, resilient (человек), muscular, dense, vigorous, formidable2) Geology: dauk (о породе), substantial (о породе), tough (о породе)5) Colloquial: husky7) American: rugged8) Obsolete: well-tempered9) Literal: marble10) Sports: well-built11) Military: entrenched12) Agriculture: able-bodied (об организме)13) Rare: valid14) Chemistry: hard (по буримости), proof15) Construction: strong (о растворе), staunch16) Australian slang: built like a brick shithouse17) Architecture: upstanding18) Mining: bastard, consistent, substantial (о породе)20) Business: well-established22) Makarov: deep, generous (о вине), hearty (о строит. лесе), heavy (о напитках), highly alcoholic (о вине), in rude health (о здоровье), oaken, racy (о запахе и т.п.), smart (о вине и т.п.), strong (о р-ре), substantial (напр. о породе), substantial (напр., о породе)23) Emotional: two-fisted24) Gold mining: competent (о породе)25) Dog breeding: hardy, sturdy (о телосложении)26) Cement: coherent -
40 креплёный
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Austauschbauart — The so called Austauschbauart wagons were German railway vehicles produced from the late 1920s onwards which had common components built to agreed standards. Origin of the conceptThe German term Austauschbau ( interchangeable component… … Wikipedia